JP5812597B2 - Gasification furnace, gasification power plant, operation method of gasification furnace, and operation method of gasification power plant - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification furnace that gasifies solid fuel such as coal, a gasification power plant equipped with a gasification furnace, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method equipped with a gasification furnace. .

  When operating a gasification furnace that gasifies solid fuel such as coal, it is necessary to prevent the molten slag from solidifying / blocking at the slag tap opening of the gasification furnace and to allow the molten slag to flow stably. For this reason, it is necessary to heat the lower surface side of the slag tap of the gasifier.

  As a method of heating the lower surface side of the slag tap of the gasification furnace, it is usual to use an activation burner provided immediately below the slag tap. However, in order to reduce the running cost of the gasifier, it is indispensable to reduce auxiliary fuel such as light oil supplied from the startup burner. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-11261, an oxidizer and a generated gas (recycle gas) mainly composed of CO and H2 generated in a gasification furnace are recirculated and introduced from a starter burner of the gasification furnace. A technique for heating the tap and reducing the running cost is disclosed.

  In JP-A-7-292368, a recycle gas burner for introducing a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification furnace and burning it at the lower part of the slag tap, and an injection nozzle for oxygen or oxygen-enriched air are provided. The product gas supplied from the recycle gas burner and the oxygen supplied from the injection nozzle of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air are mixed and burned immediately below the slag tap, and the slag tap is heated to solidify the molten slag. A technique for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to the above is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-11261 (FIG. 1) JP-A-7-292368 (FIG. 1)

  However, in the gasification furnace disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-292368, a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification furnace is supplied from the recycle burner and burned in order to heat the opening of the slag tap. , Which prevents clogging of the opening of the slag tap due to solidification of the molten slag, but in order to prioritize the prevention of solidification of the molten slag, the amount of generated gas that is supplied from the recycle burner and burned increases, and the heat consumed by heating The energy increases and the energy efficiency of the gasifier decreases significantly.

  Furthermore, the temperature of the slag tap opening of the gasifier becomes higher than the appropriate temperature, and high-temperature molten slag flows down from the slag tap opening, damaging the nozzle and wall surface of the quenching section. As a result, the reliability of the gasifier decreases.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a gasification furnace and a gasification power plant capable of maintaining the efficiency of a gasification furnace by performing energy-saving heating of the slag tap opening to prevent clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of molten slag. Another object is to provide a gasification furnace operation method and a gasification power plant operation method.

Gasifier of this invention, the combustible content in the coal supplied from the burner mounted tangentially with generating a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2 gasified molten slag ash of the coal A gasification section to be gasified, a slag tap that is provided at the bottom of the gasification section and has an opening for allowing molten slag to flow down at the center of the gasification section, and quenching directly below the slag tap In the gasification furnace equipped with
A product gas nozzle that supplies a part of the product gas, from which impurities in the product gas generated in the gasification unit are removed, is installed at the position of the quench unit comprising a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap, and the generation An oxygen-containing gas nozzle that supplies an oxygen-containing gas into the quenching portion at a position below the gas nozzle is installed, and a first thermometer is installed in the quenching portion at a position that does not protrude directly into the opening immediately below the slag tap , And a second thermometer and a third thermometer for measuring the temperature respectively in the vicinity of the wall surface immediately below the generated gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle,
The first product gas amount supplied from the product gas nozzles on the basis of the temperature detection value measured at a thermometer, and a control unit for controlling the oxygen-containing gas quantity supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzles installed,
The flow of the product gas flowing into the quench unit and the temperature in the quench unit are monitored by the second thermometer and the third thermometer .

Gasification power generation plant of the present invention, the combustible content in the coal supplied from the burner mounted tangentially with generating a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2 gasified molten ash of the coal A slag gasification part, a slag tap provided at the bottom of the gasification part, having a molten slag flow down at the center thereof and an opening for lowering a part of the generated gas, and immediately below the slag tap A generated gas nozzle that includes a quench unit and supplies a part of the generated gas from which impurities in the generated gas generated in the gasification unit are removed to the quench unit at a position of the quench unit that is formed of a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap. An oxygen-containing gas nozzle that is installed and supplies an oxygen-containing gas to a position immediately below the generated gas nozzle and a start burner that burns fuel for auxiliary combustion are generated. Respectively installed at a position lower than Sunozuru, with placing the first thermometer in the quench position does not project into the opening just below slag tap, the respectively adjacent right below of the product gas nozzles and oxygen-containing gas nozzle 2 thermometer and a third thermometer installed, the product gas quantity supplied from the product gas nozzles on the basis of the detected temperature measured by the first thermometer, and an oxygen-containing gas amount supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzle A control device for controlling is installed, and a gasification furnace for monitoring the flow of the product gas flowing into the quenching section and the temperature in the quenching section with the second thermometer and the third thermometer is provided. A desulfurization device for desulfurizing the generated gas by introducing the generated gas generated in the gasification section from the gasification furnace, and burning the product gas desulfurized by the desulfurization device as fuel A combustor that generates gas, a turbine that is driven by combustion gas generated in the combustor, a generator that is driven by this gas turbine to generate electric power, and a compressor that compresses air and supplies the air to the combustor as combustion air A system for supplying a part of the product gas branched from the desulfurization device to the product gas nozzle of the gasifier, an air separator for separating oxygen from the air extracted from the compressor, and this air separator A system for supplying the separated oxygen to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle of the gasifier is provided.

The method of operating a gas furnace of the present invention, the combustible content in the coal supplied from the burner mounted tangentially with generating a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2 gasified, the ash of the coal A slag tap that is provided at the bottom of the gasification unit and has a gas slag tap that is provided at the bottom of the gasification unit and has an opening that allows the molten slag to flow down and a part of the generated gas to descend , and directly below the slag tap In the operation method of the gasification furnace provided with the quenching section, the gasification furnace removes impurities in the generated gas generated in the gasification section at the position of the quenching section having a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap. A generated gas nozzle for supplying a part of the generated gas, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to a position immediately below the generated gas nozzle, and a fuel for auxiliary combustion are burned. That starting burner is installed at a position lower than the product gas nozzles, together with placing the first thermometer in the quench position does not project into the opening just below slag tap, the product gas nozzles and oxygen A second thermometer and a third thermometer are installed in the immediate vicinity of the contained gas nozzle, respectively, and supplied from the generated gas nozzle into the quenching unit based on the temperature detection value measured by the first thermometer. product gas quantity, and an oxygen-containing control device for controlling the oxygen-containing gas amount supplied into the quench is installed from the gas nozzle, on the basis of the detected temperature measured by the first thermometer by the control device The amount of generated gas supplied to the quenching section through the generated gas nozzle through the generated gas nozzle is controlled, and the supplied raw gas is controlled. Through the oxygen-containing gas nozzle to burn gas by controlling the oxygen-containing gas amount supplied into the quench, the second thermometer and a third thermometer by the flow and quench of the product gas flowing into the quench It is characterized by monitoring the temperature.

The method of operating the gasification power generation plant of the present invention, the combustible content in the coal supplied from the burner mounted tangentially with generating a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2 to gasify, in said coal A gasification section that melts ash into slag, a slag tap that is provided at the bottom of the gasification section and has an opening that allows the molten slag to flow down at the center of the gasification section; A gasification furnace equipped with a quenching section is provided immediately below, and the gasification furnace contains impurities in the generated gas generated in the gasification section at the position of the quenching section having a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap. A generated gas nozzle that supplies a part of the removed generated gas, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle that supplies an oxygen-containing gas to a position immediately below the generated gas nozzle, and a fuel for auxiliary combustion are burned. A starting burner is installed at a position below the product gas nozzle, and a first thermometer is installed in the quenching part at a position just below the slag tap and not projecting into the opening, and the product gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing product A second thermometer and a third thermometer are installed in the immediate vicinity of the gas nozzle, respectively, and the supply supplied from the generated gas nozzle into the quench unit based on the temperature detection value measured by the first thermometer A control device for controlling the amount of gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle into the quenching unit is installed , and the generated gas generated in the gasification unit of the gasification furnace is supplied from the gasification furnace. The product gas is desulfurized by the desulfurizer and burned in the combustor using the desulfurized product gas as fuel, and the generated combustion gas One of the generated gases branched from the desulfurization device is driven by the generator driven by the turbine and generated by the generator driven by the turbine, compressed by the compressor driven by the turbine and supplied to the combustor as combustion air. Is supplied to the product gas nozzle installed in the quenching section of the gasification furnace, oxygen is separated from the air extracted from the compressor by an air separator, and the separated oxygen is installed in the quenching section of the gasification furnace. method of operating a gasification power plant so as to supply the oxygen-containing gas nozzle was generated generated in the gasification unit through the product gas nozzle on the basis of the detected temperature measured by the first thermometer by the control device the portion of the gas to control the generation amount of gas supplied into the quench unit, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle to burn the supplied product gas And characterized by monitoring the through controlled oxygen-containing gas amount supplied into the quench unit, the second thermometer and the third flow and quench the temperature of the product gas flowing into the click orchards part by thermometer To do.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the gasification furnace and gasification power plant which can maintain the efficiency of a gasification furnace highly efficiently by heating the opening part of a slag tap which prevents obstruction | occlusion of the slag tap opening part by solidification of molten slag A gasification furnace operation method and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the gasification furnace which is 1st Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which showed typically the flow state inside the gasification furnace which is 1st Example of this invention shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the gasification furnace which is 2nd Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which showed typically the flow state inside the gasification furnace which is 2nd Example of this invention shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the gasification furnace which is 3rd Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which showed typically the flow state inside the gasification furnace which is 3rd Example of this invention shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which showed typically the flow state in the production gas nozzle height cross section of the gasification furnace of 3rd Example of this invention shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which showed typically the flow state in the oxygen-containing gas nozzle height cross section of the gasification furnace of 3rd Example of this invention shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the gasification furnace which is 4th Example of this invention. The top view which shows the slag tap part of the gasification furnace which is the 4th Example of this invention shown in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the gasification furnace which is 5th Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which showed typically the flow state inside the gasification furnace which is 5th Example of this invention shown in FIG. Gasification test results of gas temperature in the vicinity of the slag tap opening with respect to the amount of oxygen input to the quenching section in the gasification furnace according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention Sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the gasification furnace which is 6th Example of this invention. The top view which shows the slag tap part of the gasification furnace which is the 6th Example of this invention shown in FIG. The whole block diagram which shows the structure of the gasification power plant which is 7th Example of this invention. The whole block diagram which shows the structure of the gasification power plant which is 8th Example of this invention.

  A gasification furnace and a gasification power plant that are embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  A gasification furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The first embodiment of the present invention is a gasification furnace configured to use an oxygen-containing gas and a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification furnace for heating the slag tap of the gasification furnace during steady operation. .

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gasification furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the gasification furnace 1 has a cylindrical outer shape. Gasification part which has an opening part in the top part and bottom part of the chemical furnace 1, and combusts and reacts with the oxygen in the fuel coal, and gasifies, and produces | generates the product gas which has CO and H2 as a main component 2, a slag tap 3 that causes the molten slag in which the ash content in the coal is melted in the gasification unit 2 to flow downward from an opening formed in the center thereof, and a molten slag that is located directly below the slag tap 3, The quenching part 5 used as the buffer space led to the lower cooling water tank 6 and the slag cooling water tank 6 located below the quenching part 5 are provided.

  An upper burner 7 and a lower burner 8 are respectively attached in a tangential direction to the wall of the gasification furnace 1 in which the gasification section 2 is formed. From the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8, a solid powder is obtained. As an example of fuel coal and oxygen-containing gas, nitrogen and oxygen (not shown) are introduced into the gasification unit 2 to form a swirl flow in the gasification unit 2. In addition to nitrogen, an inert gas may be used.

  Inside the gasification unit 2, combustible components in the coal introduced from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 are gasified by a combustion reaction with oxygen, and a product gas mainly containing CO and H2 is generated. The generated gas is supplied under the condition that the amount of oxygen charged into the gasification unit 2 from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 is less than the amount of oxygen necessary for complete combustion of the coal, It is obtained by a combustion reaction.

  The generated gas flow 102 generated in the gasification unit 2 descends while swirling around the inner wall surface of the gasification unit 2, and is reversed by a slag tap 3 installed at the lower part of the gasification unit 2 to be an upward flow. As a result, the gasification part 2 rises along the axial center part.

  Part of the generated gas descends the slag tap opening 4 formed at the center of the slag tap 3 installed in the lower part of the gasification unit 2 and flows into the quench unit 5 101. It becomes.

  On the other hand, the ash (incombustible material) in the coal inside the gasification unit 2 receives centrifugal force by the swirl flow formed in the gasification unit 2 and moves to the inner wall surface side of the gasification unit 2. This ash is melted by being exposed to a high-temperature flame formed by a combustion reaction of coal and oxygen, and becomes molten slag and adheres to the inner wall surface of the gasification section 2.

  Then, the molten slag flows down the inner wall surface of the gasification unit 2 and flows down from the slag tap opening 4 formed at the center of the slag tap 3 through the upper surface of the slag tap 3 to the quench unit 5.

  The molten slag that has flowed down to the quench unit 5 falls into a slag cooling water tank 6 installed below the quench unit 5, is rapidly cooled by cooling water, and is recovered as an amorphous (glassy) granulated slag. Since granulated slag can reduce the volume of ash and suppress elution of heavy metals below the detection limit, it may be effectively used for roadbed materials and aggregates.

  The role of the quenching section 5 provided in the gasification furnace 1 is a buffer space that connects the melting point of the molten slag to the high temperature gasification section 2 and the slag tap opening 4 and the low temperature slag cooling water tank 6. In other words, the molten slag flowing down from the opening 4 is guided to the slag cooling water tank 6.

  Therefore, it is necessary to keep the gas temperature above the quench portion 5, in particular, near the slag tap opening 4 at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag. This is because once the molten slag cools and solidifies, the slag tap opening 4 is closed by the solidified molten slag, and the molten slag cannot be discharged out of the system from the gasifier 1 and the operation of the gasifier 1 is stopped. This is because it must be done.

  The upper part of the quench unit 5 becomes a high-temperature field by radiant heat from the gasification unit 2, the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5, and the heat brought in by the molten slag flowing down from the slag tap opening 4.

  When the melting point of the molten slag is high, it is necessary to further heat the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 in order to keep the gas temperature in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag.

  Therefore, for heating near the slag tap opening 4 at the time of steady operation, a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification section 2 of the gasification furnace 1 is supplied as fuel into the quench section 5 and burned. The slag tap opening 4 is heated.

  In the present embodiment, the generated gas nozzle 9 is installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 as a supply means for supplying a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2 into the quench unit 5. Further, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas necessary for burning the generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 in the quenching unit 5 is provided on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 at a position below the generated gas nozzle 9. Install.

  The generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2 supplied to the generated gas nozzle 9 is generated in the gasification power plant of the seventh embodiment, which will be described later, and is generated in the gasification unit 2 and discharged from the upper part of the gasification furnace 1. 19 is branched by the desulfurization device 18 and supplied to the generated gas nozzle 9 as a generated gas 29 for supplying the generated gas nozzle.

  In the present embodiment, a control device 200 for controlling the amount of product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 is installed, and the quenching unit 5 is provided from the product gas nozzle 9 to prevent the slag tap opening 4 from being blocked due to solidification of the molten slag. Control is performed so that the supply amount of the generated gas for heating the slag tap opening 4 to a desired temperature is always an appropriate flow rate.

  That is, a thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 that is installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 in order from the top, and a thermometer 13 that measures the temperature near the wall surface directly below the generated gas nozzle 9; The temperature detection values respectively measured by the thermometer 14 that measures the temperature near the wall surface immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are input to the control device 200. The place where the thermometer 12 is installed is in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4, and is installed, for example, in the quenching part at a position directly below the slag tap and not projecting into the opening.

  The temperature detection value detected by the thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is the temperature of the slag tap opening 4 that can be set in advance in the control device 200 so as to prevent solidification of the molten slag. A temperature deviation from the corresponding lower limit set temperature is calculated, and a command signal indicating the flow rate of the generated gas to be supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 to the quenching unit 5 based on the calculated temperature deviation, and the generated gas are burned. A command signal that is a flow rate of oxygen to be supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 to the quenching unit 5 is calculated, and a product gas flow rate adjusting unit 36 installed upstream of the product gas nozzle 9 and an oxygen-containing gas are calculated. In order to adjust the flow rate of oxygen, the respective opening degrees of the oxygen flow rate adjustment unit 37 and the nitrogen flow rate adjustment unit 38 installed upstream of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are adjusted. And outputs it as the work to a command signal.

  As a result, the product gas with the minimum flow rate is always supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quenching unit 5, and the product gas is combusted by supplying the oxygen-containing gas necessary for combusting the product gas. Since the part 4 can be heated to a desired temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of coal ash, it is possible to prevent the molten slag from solidifying and closing the slag tap opening 4.

  Moreover, the thermometers 13 and 14 are used for monitoring for preventing melting.

  The energy efficiency of the gasification furnace 1 is improved as the supply amount of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quench unit 5 is decreased. For this reason, the generated gas nozzle 9 provided on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 is disposed at a position immediately below the slag tap 3, and the generated gas is supplied directly below the slag tap opening 4 to be burned. It is preferable to heat the vicinity immediately below.

  In order to burn the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quench unit 5 and the product gas that descends the slag tap opening 4 and flows into the quench unit 5 as the product gas flow 101 from the gasification unit 2. Necessary oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the quenching unit 5 from an oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 installed on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 at a position below the generated gas nozzle 9.

  Moreover, in order to monitor the temperature in the quench part 5, the wall surface of the quench part 5 includes a thermometer 12 for measuring the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 in order from the top, and a wall surface directly below the product gas nozzle 9. A thermometer 13 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity and a thermometer 14 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in correspondence with each other.

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment, the diameters of the generated gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be reduced by adopting the above-described configuration, and the generated gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are connected to the slag tap 3. It can be installed at a height close to.

  If the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas can be supplied from a position close to the slag tap 3, the high-temperature flame can be brought close to the slag tap opening 4. Thereby, the temperature of the slag tap opening 4 can be increased with a small amount of fuel.

  The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is also used when the slag tap opening 4 is heated by the oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and the flow 101 of the product gas descending the slag tap opening 4 from the gasification unit 2 and flowing into the quenching unit 5. Should be closer to the slag tap 3. This is because if oxygen is supplied at a position close to the slag tap, the product gas 101 flowing into the quench portion 5 and the slag tap opening 4 are mixed and burned immediately below.

  This is because the wall surface of the quench portion 5 has a water-cooled membrane structure (a structure of a cooling wall surface in which cooling water pipes and membrane bars (metal plates) are alternately welded). In order to bypass the nozzle or burner insertion port and arrange the cooling water pipe, it is necessary to bend the cooling water pipe at the nozzle or burner insertion port position. If it can be formed in a small diameter, the amount of bending of the water pipe becomes smaller, and the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be disposed close to the slag tap 3.

  Next, the molten slag melted in the gasification section 2 of the gasification furnace 1 is cooled from the slag tap opening 4 to the quench section 5 and the quench section 5 without cooling and solidifying the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4. A method of heating the slag tap opening 4 that allows the slag cooling water tank 6 installed below to flow down stably will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a gas flow state in a partially enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag tap 3 of the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, a product gas nozzle 9 and an oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in order from the top on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 of the gasification furnace 1. The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is provided at a position directly below the product gas nozzle 9, and suppresses diffusion of the product gas existing immediately below the slag tap opening 4 to the lower side of the quench unit 5.

  The locations where the temperature in the quench section 5 is monitored are near the slag tap opening 4 and near the wall surface of the quench section 5. A thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 monitors the flow of molten slag from the slag tap opening 4. This is because even if a thermometer is installed in the slag tap opening 4, it is difficult to accurately measure the gas temperature due to adhesion of the molten slag that constantly flows down, and the thermometer may be damaged.

  On the other hand, if the gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 can be heated to the melting point of the molten slag or higher, the risk of adhesion of the molten slag to the thermometer can be suppressed.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured by a thermometer 12 that measures the temperature near the slag tap opening 4. Based on the measured temperature detection value, the control device 200 calculates a deviation from the set temperature, calculates the amount of generated gas corresponding to this deviation temperature, and oxygen necessary for burning this generated gas amount. The amount is calculated, each command signal is output, the generated gas flow rate adjusting unit 36 is operated to control the minimum required amount of generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 into the quench unit 5, and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle supply The amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quenching unit 5 is controlled by operating the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting unit 37, and the generated gas is suitably burned. That is, the minimum necessary amount of generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 into the quenching section 5 by the control device 200 so that the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 measured by the thermometer 12 maintains a desired temperature. The generated gas is combusted by controlling the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quenching section 5, and the gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 becomes equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag. So that it is heated.

  The temperature monitoring in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 by the thermometer 12 monitors the risk that the molten slag at the lower end surface of the slag tap opening 4 is cooled and solidified, and the controller 200 controls the flow rate of the generated gas. The flow rate of the flow rate adjusting unit 37 for supplying the oxygen-containing gas nozzle is controlled while adjusting the flow rate of the generated gas supplied to the quenching unit 5 from the generated gas nozzle 9 and combusted by operating the opening of 36. Then, the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning the generated gas into the quenching unit 5 is adjusted, and the generated gas is preferably burned, and in the vicinity of immediately below the slag tap opening 4. Heat so that the gas temperature is equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag.

  In the present embodiment, a case has been described where two thermometers 12 are installed facing directly above the generated gas nozzle 9, but the more thermometers to be installed, the better.

  The gas temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface of the quenching section 5 is measured by a thermometer 13 that measures the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface that is located immediately below the generated gas nozzle 9 and / or the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface that is located immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. It is good to install and measure the thermometer 14 to do. This protects the wall surface of the quench part 5.

  Then, the diffusion state of the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5 from the slag tap opening 4 is monitored by the thermometer 13 and / or the thermometer 14.

  When the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the quench unit 5 from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, respectively, the risk of burning the wall of the quench unit 5 and the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is avoided. There is a need to. For this reason, it is good to monitor temperature using the thermometer 13 near the wall surface directly under the production gas nozzle 9, and the thermometer 14 near the wall surface directly under the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  Both the thermometer 13 and the thermometer 14 are installed to face each other at two or more locations, and monitor the product gas nozzle 9, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and the gas temperature near the wall surface.

  Next, the slag tap opening in the gasification furnace 1 in which one product gas nozzle 9 and one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. The flow of gas in the quenching part 5 from the vicinity of the slag tap 3 when the part 4 is heated will be described.

  A part of the generated gas flow 102 generated in the gasification section 2 flows into the slag tap opening 4 without being reversed near the upper surface of the slag tap 3. This is the flow 101 of the product gas that flows into the quench unit 5, which is a descending swirl flow.

  The amount of product gas that becomes the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5 is affected by the shape of the slag tap opening 4, the gas flow rate in the gasification unit 2, etc., but is several percent or more of the total product gas amount To reach. In this embodiment, the case where the shape of the slag tap opening 4 is an ellipse will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the product gas flow 101 flowing into the quench unit 5 from the gasification unit 2 is attenuated while diffusing in the quench unit 5, and becomes a product gas flow 104 that reverses in the quench unit 5. It gathers in the central part of the quench part 5, that is, directly below the slag tap opening 4.

This is because the flow 102 of the product gas generated in the gasification unit 2 forms a swirl flow, and the axial center side of the gasification unit 2 has a negative pressure. For this reason, the generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2 and the gas in the quench unit 5 all rise along the axis of the gasification unit 2, are discharged from the gasification furnace 1, and flow down to downstream equipment. .

  Therefore, when a gas containing oxygen is supplied directly below the slag tap opening 4, it mixes and burns with the flow 104 of the product gas that is reversed in the quenching section 5, so that the area immediately below the slag tap opening 4 can be heated. Local heating directly under the slag tap opening 4 is effective for reducing the running cost of the gasification furnace 1 and extending the life of the refractory material of the slag tap 3 and the wall surface of the quench part 5.

  In this case, the flow of slowly mixing the flow 104 of the product gas that is reversed in the quench unit 5 and the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5 is good. The diffusion of the product gas flow 104 that is reversed in the quench unit 5 is suppressed by the oxygen-containing gas flow 106 introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5, and the both are slowly mixed, whereby a high-temperature flame is generated. Since it is not formed, the refractory material of the slag tap 3 can be protected.

  One of the methods for forming the flow described above uses one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5, and the oxygen-containing gas introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5. Ascending vortices are formed by the flow 106.

  Here, when it is necessary to further heat the slag tap opening 4, the generated gas is supplied directly below the slag tap opening 4 from the generated gas nozzle 9 that supplies a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2. The oxygen-containing gas is increased and burned.

  Then, a thermometer 12 for measuring the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is installed for monitoring the slag flow state at the slag tap opening 4 and adjusting the amount of gas input to the quenching part 5. Then, the temperature immediately under the slag tap opening 4 is monitored, and the flow rate of the generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 is adjusted by the control device 200 based on the temperature detected by the thermometer 12, and the generated gas is By appropriately combusting the generated gas by adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 required for combustion into the quenching section 5, the properties of coal gasified in the gasification section 2 are changed. Even in this case, the amount of product gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quench unit 5 from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be minimized.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the combustible component in the coal supplied from the burner is gasified to convert the ash content in the coal into molten slag, and provided at the bottom of the gasifier. In a gasification furnace equipped with a slag tap having an opening that allows molten slag to flow down in the center, and a quenching unit directly below the slag tap, the generated gas generated in the gasification unit is located at the quenching unit adjacent to the slag tap. A generated gas nozzle for supplying a part of the molten slag to the quenching section and an oxygen-containing gas nozzle for supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the quenching section are installed at a position below the generated gas nozzle. The efficiency of the gasification furnace can be kept high by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification with energy saving.

  Further, as described above, according to this embodiment, the heating of the slag tap opening that prevents the slag tap opening from being blocked due to solidification of the molten slag is performed with energy saving to maintain high efficiency of the gasifier. The obtained gasification furnace, gasification power plant, operation method of the gasification furnace, and operation method of the gasification power plant can be realized.

  Further, in the embodiment described above, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is disposed below the product gas nozzle 9, but the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 may be disposed above or at the same height as the product gas nozzle 9. . A product gas nozzle that supplies a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification unit into the quench unit at the position of the quench unit close to the slag tap is installed, and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the position of the quench unit near the slag tap. By installing the oxygen-containing gas nozzle, it is possible to maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving.

  A gasification furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Since the basic structure of the gasification furnace of the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the gasification furnace of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, description of the structure common to both is omitted. Only different configurations will be described below.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gasification furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Like the gasification furnace of the first embodiment, an upper stage burner 7 and a lower stage are provided inside the gasification section 2. The combustible matter in the coal charged from the burner 8 is gasified by a combustion reaction with oxygen, and a product gas 102 mainly containing CO and H 2 is generated.

  The generated gas flow 102 generated in the gasification unit 2 descends while swirling around the inner wall surface of the gasification unit 2, and is reversed by a slag tap 3 installed at the lower part of the gasification unit 2 to be an upward flow. As a result, the gasification part 2 rises along the axial center part. Part of the generated gas descends the slag tap opening 4 formed at the center of the slag tap 3 installed in the lower part of the gasification unit 2 and flows into the quench unit 5 101. It becomes.

  On the other hand, the ash (incombustible material) in the coal inside the gasification unit 2 receives centrifugal force by the swirl flow formed in the gasification unit 2 and moves to the inner wall surface side of the gasification unit 2. This ash is melted by being exposed to a high-temperature flame formed by a combustion reaction of coal and oxygen, and becomes molten slag and adheres to the inner wall surface of the gasification section 2.

  The molten slag flows down the inner wall surface of the gasification unit 2, passes through the upper surface of the slag tap 3, flows down from the slag tap opening 4 formed at the center of the slag tap 3 to the quench unit 5, and then enters the quench unit 5. It falls into the slag cooling water tank 6 installed below the water and is rapidly cooled by the cooling water, and is recovered as an amorphous (glassy) granulated slag.

  The role of the quenching section 5 provided in the gasification furnace 1 is a buffer space that connects the melting point of the molten slag to the high temperature gasification section 2 and the slag tap opening 4 and the low temperature slag cooling water tank 6. In other words, the molten slag flowing down from the opening 4 is guided to the slag cooling water tank 6.

  Therefore, it is necessary to keep the gas temperature above the quench portion 5, in particular, near the slag tap opening 4 at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag. This is because once the molten slag cools and solidifies, the slag tap opening 4 is closed by the solidified molten slag, and the molten slag cannot be discharged out of the system from the gasifier 1 and the operation of the gasifier 1 is stopped. This is because it must be done.

  The upper part of the quench unit 5 becomes a high-temperature field by radiant heat from the gasification unit 2, the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5, and the heat brought in by the molten slag flowing down from the slag tap opening 4.

  When the melting point of the molten slag is high, it is necessary to further heat the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 in order to keep the gas temperature in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag.

  The simplest operation method of heating the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is provided with an activation burner 11 on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 for auxiliary combustion at the time of starting and stopping of the gasification furnace 1, and fuel is supplied by the activation burner 11. It is to burn and heat the vicinity of the slag tap opening 4 directly below.

  The start burner 11 heats the inside of the gasification unit 2 when the gasification furnace 1 is started, and heats the inside of the gasification unit 2 so that the molten slag flows down from the gasification unit 2 when the gasification furnace 1 is stopped. is there.

  Generally, the fuel of the starting burner 11 is light oil or the like. For this reason, operation independent of the gasification furnace 1 is possible.

  On the other hand, it is necessary to achieve both reduction in running cost of the gasification furnace 1 and improvement in energy efficiency. For this reason, it is necessary to heat the immediate vicinity of the slag tap opening 4 without using auxiliary combustion fuel such as light oil by the start burner 11 except for start / stop of the gasification furnace 1 and emergency.

  Therefore, for heating near the slag tap opening 4 at the time of steady operation, instead of burning light oil by the start burner 11, a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification section 2 of the gasification furnace 1 is used as fuel. The slag tap opening 4 is heated by being supplied into the quench unit 5 and combusting.

  In the present embodiment, as a supply means for supplying a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2 into the quench unit 5, a generated gas nozzle 9 is installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 at a position above the activation burner 11. Yes.

  Further, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas necessary for burning the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 in the quenching unit 5 is provided above the start burner 11 and below the product gas nozzle 9. It is installed on the wall surface of the quench part 5 at the position.

  The generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2 supplied to the generated gas nozzle 9 is generated in the gasification power plant of the seventh embodiment, which will be described later, and is generated in the gasification unit 2 and discharged from the upper part of the gasification furnace 1. 19 is branched by the desulfurization device 18 and supplied to the generated gas nozzle 9 as a generated gas 29 for supplying the generated gas nozzle.

  In the present embodiment, a control device 200 for controlling the amount of product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 is installed, and the quenching unit 5 is provided from the product gas nozzle 9 to prevent the slag tap opening 4 from being blocked due to solidification of the molten slag. Control is performed so that the supply amount of the generated gas for heating the slag tap opening 4 to a desired temperature is always an appropriate flow rate.

  That is, a thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 that is installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 in order from the top, and a thermometer 13 that measures the temperature near the wall surface directly below the generated gas nozzle 9; The temperature detection values respectively measured by the thermometer 14 that measures the temperature near the wall surface immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are input to the control device 200. The place where the thermometer 12 is installed is in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4, and is installed, for example, in the quenching part at a position directly below the slag tap and not projecting into the opening.

  The temperature detection value detected by the thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is the temperature of the slag tap opening 4 that can be set in advance in the control device 200 so as to prevent solidification of the molten slag. A temperature deviation from the corresponding lower limit set temperature is calculated, and a command signal indicating the flow rate of the generated gas to be supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 to the quenching unit 5 based on the calculated temperature deviation, and the generated gas are burned. A command signal that is a flow rate of oxygen to be supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 to the quenching unit 5 is calculated, and a product gas flow rate adjusting unit 36 installed upstream of the product gas nozzle 9 and an oxygen-containing gas are calculated. In order to adjust the flow rate of oxygen, the respective opening degrees of the oxygen flow rate adjustment unit 37 and the nitrogen flow rate adjustment unit 38 installed upstream of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are adjusted. And outputs it as the work to a command signal.

  As a result, the product gas with the minimum flow rate is always supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quenching unit 5, and the product gas is combusted by supplying the oxygen-containing gas necessary for combusting the product gas. Since the part 4 can be heated to a desired temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of coal ash, it is possible to prevent the molten slag from solidifying and closing the slag tap opening 4.

  Moreover, the thermometers 13 and 14 are used for monitoring for preventing melting.

  The energy efficiency of the gasification furnace 1 is improved as the supply amount of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quench unit 5 is decreased. For this reason, the generated gas nozzle 9 provided on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 is disposed at a position immediately below the slag tap 3, and the generated gas is supplied directly below the slag tap opening 4 to be burned. It is preferable to heat the vicinity immediately below.

  In order to burn the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quench unit 5 and the product gas that descends the slag tap opening 4 and flows into the quench unit 5 as the product gas flow 101 from the gasification unit 2. The necessary oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the quenching unit 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 installed on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 at a position below the generated gas nozzle 9 and above the activation burner 11.

  Moreover, in order to monitor the temperature in the quench part 5, the wall surface of the quench part 5 includes a thermometer 12 for measuring the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 in order from the top, and a wall surface directly below the product gas nozzle 9. A thermometer 13 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity and a thermometer 14 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed in correspondence with each other.

  By adopting the above-described configuration in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment, the diameter of each nozzle of the generated gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be made smaller than the diameter of the start burner 11, and the generated gas nozzle 9, The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be installed at a position close to the slag tap 3.

  If the generated gas and the oxygen-containing gas can be supplied from a position close to the slag tap 3, the high-temperature flame can be brought closer to the slag tap opening 4 than when the activation burner 11 is used. Thereby, the temperature of the slag tap opening 4 can be increased with a small amount of fuel.

  The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is also used when the slag tap opening 4 is heated by the oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and the flow 101 of the product gas descending the slag tap opening 4 from the gasification unit 2 and flowing into the quenching unit 5. Should be closer to the slag tap 3. This is because if oxygen is supplied at a position close to the slag tap, the product gas 101 flowing into the quench portion 5 and the slag tap opening 4 are mixed and burned immediately below.

  This is because the wall surface of the quench portion 5 has a water-cooled membrane structure (a structure of a cooling wall surface in which cooling water pipes and membrane bars (metal plates) are alternately welded). In order to bypass the nozzle or burner insertion port and arrange the cooling water pipe, it is necessary to bend the cooling water pipe at the nozzle or burner insertion port position. If it can be formed to have a small diameter, the bending amount of the water pipe becomes smaller, and the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be disposed closer to the slag tap 3 than the start burner 11.

  Next, the molten slag melted in the gasification section 2 of the gasification furnace 1 is cooled from the slag tap opening 4 to the quench section 5 and the quench section 5 without cooling and solidifying the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4. The heating method of the slag tap opening 4 that allows the slag cooling water tank 6 installed below to flow stably will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a gas flow state in a partially enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag tap 3 of the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 4, a product gas nozzle 9, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and an activation burner 11 are installed in order from the top on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 of the gasification furnace 1. The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is provided at a position directly below the product gas nozzle 9, and suppresses diffusion of the product gas existing immediately below the slag tap opening 4 to the lower side of the quench unit 5.

  The locations where the temperature in the quench section 5 is monitored are near the slag tap opening 4 and near the wall surface of the quench section 5. A thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 monitors the flow of molten slag from the slag tap opening 4. This is because even if a thermometer is installed in the slag tap opening 4, it is difficult to accurately measure the gas temperature due to adhesion of the molten slag that constantly flows down, and the thermometer may be damaged.

  On the other hand, if the gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 can be heated to the melting point of the molten slag or higher, the risk of adhesion of the molten slag to the thermometer can be suppressed.

  Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured by the thermometer 12 that measures the temperature near the slag tap opening 4. Based on the measured temperature detection value, the control device 200 calculates a deviation from the set temperature, calculates the amount of generated gas corresponding to this deviation temperature, and oxygen necessary for burning this generated gas amount. The amount is calculated, each command signal is output, the generated gas flow rate adjusting unit 36 is operated to control the minimum required amount of generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 into the quench unit 5, and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle supply The amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quenching unit 5 is controlled by operating the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting unit 37, and the generated gas is suitably burned.

  That is, the minimum necessary amount of generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 into the quenching section 5 by the control device 200 so that the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 measured by the thermometer 12 maintains a desired temperature. The generated gas is combusted by controlling the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quenching section 5, and the gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 becomes equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag. So that it is heated.

  The temperature monitoring in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 by the thermometer 12 monitors the risk that the molten slag at the lower end surface of the slag tap opening 4 is cooled and solidified, and the controller 200 controls the flow rate of the generated gas. The flow rate of the flow rate adjusting unit 37 for supplying the oxygen-containing gas nozzle is controlled while adjusting the flow rate of the generated gas supplied to the quenching unit 5 from the generated gas nozzle 9 and combusted by operating the opening of 36. Then, the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning the generated gas into the quenching unit 5 is adjusted, and the generated gas is preferably burned, and in the vicinity of immediately below the slag tap opening 4. Heating is performed so that the gas temperature is equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten slag.

  In the present embodiment, a case has been described where two thermometers 12 are installed facing directly above the generated gas nozzle 9, but the more thermometers to be installed, the better.

  The gas temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface of the quenching section 5 is a thermometer 13 for measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface immediately below the generated gas nozzle 9 that is located on the upper side of the start burner 11 and / or in the vicinity of the wall surface directly under the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. It is good to install and measure the thermometer 14 which measures the temperature of this. This monitors the flame impingement of the start burner 11 and protects the wall surface of the quench unit 5.

  When the activation burner 11 is not used, the diffusion state of the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quenching unit 5 from the slag tap opening 4 is monitored by the thermometer 13 and / or the thermometer 14.

  When the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the quench unit 5 from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, respectively, the risk of burning the wall of the quench unit 5 and the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is avoided. There is a need to. For this reason, it is good to monitor temperature using the thermometer 13 near the wall surface directly under the production gas nozzle 9, and the thermometer 14 near the wall surface directly under the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  Both the thermometer 13 and the thermometer 14 are installed to face each other at two or more locations, and monitor the product gas nozzle 9, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and the gas temperature near the wall surface.

  Next, a slag tap opening in the gasification furnace 1 in which one product gas nozzle 9 and one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. The flow of gas in the quenching part 5 from the vicinity of the slag tap 3 when the part 4 is heated will be described.

  A part of the generated gas flow 102 generated in the gasification section 2 flows into the slag tap opening 4 without being reversed near the upper surface of the slag tap 3. This is the flow 101 of the product gas that flows into the quench unit 5, which is a descending swirl flow.

  The amount of product gas that becomes the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5 is affected by the shape of the slag tap opening 4, the gas flow rate in the gasification unit 2, etc., but is several percent or more of the total product gas amount To reach. In this embodiment, the case where the shape of the slag tap opening 4 is an ellipse will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the product gas flow 101 flowing from the gasification unit 2 into the quench unit 5 is attenuated while diffusing in the quench unit 5, and becomes a product gas flow 104 that reverses in the quench unit 5. It gathers in the central part of the quench part 5, that is, directly below the slag tap opening 4.

  This is because the flow 102 of the product gas generated in the gasification unit 2 forms a swirl flow, and the axial center side of the gasification unit 2 has a negative pressure. For this reason, the generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2 and the gas in the quench unit 5 all rise along the axis of the gasification unit 2, are discharged from the gasification furnace 1, and flow down to downstream equipment. .

  Therefore, when a gas containing oxygen is supplied directly below the slag tap opening 4, it mixes and burns with the flow 104 of the product gas that is reversed in the quenching section 5, so that the area immediately below the slag tap opening 4 can be heated. Local heating directly under the slag tap opening 4 is effective for reducing the running cost of the gasification furnace 1 and extending the life of the refractory material of the slag tap 3 and the wall surface of the quench part 5. In this case, the flow of slowly mixing the flow 104 of the product gas that is reversed in the quench unit 5 and the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5 is good. The diffusion of the product gas flow 104 that is reversed in the quench unit 5 is suppressed by the oxygen-containing gas flow 106 introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5, and the both are slowly mixed, whereby a high-temperature flame is generated. Since it is not formed, the refractory material of the slag tap 3 can be protected.

  One of the methods for forming the flow described above uses one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5, and the oxygen-containing gas introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5. Ascending vortices are formed by the flow 106.

  Here, when it is necessary to further heat the slag tap opening 4, the generated gas is supplied directly below the slag tap opening 4 from the generated gas nozzle 9 that supplies a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification unit 2. The oxygen-containing gas is increased and burned.

  Then, a thermometer 12 for measuring the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is installed for monitoring the slag flow state at the slag tap opening 4 and adjusting the amount of gas input to the quenching part 5. Then, the temperature immediately under the slag tap opening 4 is monitored, and the flow rate of the generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 is adjusted by the control device 200 based on the temperature detected by the thermometer 12, and the generated gas is By appropriately combusting the generated gas by adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 required for combustion into the quenching section 5, the properties of coal gasified in the gasification section 2 are changed. Even in this case, the amount of product gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quench unit 5 from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be minimized.

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a gasification unit that gasifies combustible components in coal supplied from a burner and converts ash in the coal into molten slag, and a bottom portion of the gasification unit In the gasification furnace having a slag tap having an opening for flowing the molten slag at the center thereof and a quenching part directly under the slag tap, the gasification part is positioned at the quenching part close to the slag tap. A generation gas nozzle for supplying a part of the generated gas into the quenching section is installed, and an oxygen-containing gas nozzle for supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the quenching section is installed at a position below the generation gas nozzle, and a fuel for auxiliary combustion The start-up burner for burning the start-up burner is used as an auxiliary burner at the start / stop of the gasification furnace 1 by the gasification furnace having a configuration in which the start-up burner is installed at the position of the quenching part below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. Even in the case where the gas generator is provided, as in the case of the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment, the slag tap opening that prevents the slag tap opening from being blocked due to solidification of the molten slag is heated to save energy. The efficiency of the furnace can be kept high.

  Further, in the embodiment described above, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 is disposed below the product gas nozzle 9, but the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 may be disposed above or at the same height as the product gas nozzle 9. . A product gas nozzle that supplies a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification unit into the quench unit at the position of the quench unit close to the slag tap is installed, and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the position of the quench unit near the slag tap. By installing the oxygen-containing gas nozzle, it is possible to maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

  Next, a gasification furnace according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Since the basic structure of the gasification furnace of the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the gasification furnace of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the description of the structure common to both is omitted. Only different configurations will be described below.

  The gasification furnace according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes an oxygen-containing gas nozzle and a product gas nozzle 9 for supplying a part of the product gas generated in the gasification furnace to heat the slag tap of the gasification furnace 1 during steady operation. These are gasification furnaces installed on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 with two each facing each other. Although two examples will be described here, the four examples of the fourth embodiment and a plurality of other examples can also be implemented.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gasification furnace according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the gasification furnace 1 of this embodiment, a generated gas nozzle 9 and an oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 as shown in FIG. , And two starter burners 11 facing each other, each being installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5. That is, it differs from the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the number of nozzles installed in the quench unit 5 is changed from one to two.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram in which the gas flow state is schematically added to the partially enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag tap 3 of the gasification furnace 1 shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 6, the shape of the slag tap opening 4 provided in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment is not only the elliptical shape described in the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment, but also a rectangular shape, an oval shape, and a rhombus shape. A flat shape such as an arc shape at the apex is suitable.

  This is because it is possible to suppress the diffusion of the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5 and to cause the product gas to stagnate immediately below the slag tap opening 4.

  In the case of the flat slag tap opening 4, the swirl (circumferential direction) component of the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench unit 5 collides with the wall surface on the long axis direction side of the slag tap opening 4 and attenuates. Because.

  Next, a slag tap opening in the gasification furnace 1 in which one product gas nozzle 9 and one oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are installed on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. The flow of gas in the quenching part 5 from the vicinity of the slag tap 3 when heating the part directly below the part 4 will be described.

  A gas containing oxygen is supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 directly below the slag tap opening 4, and mixed and combusted with the flow 104 of the product gas that is reversed in the quench unit 5. In order to protect the refractory material of the slag tap 3, the diffusion of the product gas flow 104, which is reversed in the quench unit 5, is suppressed by the oxygen-containing gas flow 106 introduced into the quench unit 5, and both are mixed slowly. Then, a flow that does not form a high-temperature flame immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is formed.

  For this reason, in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment, the two oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 are installed horizontally opposite to each other immediately below the slag tap opening 4. The flow 106 of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quenching section 5 from the left and right oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 collides immediately below the slag tap opening 4 and attenuates, and the flow 107 of combustion gas ascending the quenching section 5. Ascends slowly.

  Here, the rising oxygen is mixed with the product gas and burned to become a combustion gas flow 107 that rises in the quench section 5.

  When the slag tap opening 4 is further heated, the generated gas serving as fuel is supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 disposed immediately below the slag tap opening 4 and above the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 to the slag tap opening 4. Replenish directly underneath and burn and heat. Oxygen necessary for combustion of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 is input from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  Next, the flow state in the installation height section of the product gas nozzle 9 provided in the quenching section 5 of the gasification furnace 1 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 7, the product gas ejected from the two opposed product gas nozzles 9 is supplied into the quench unit 5 as a counter jet, and the flow 105 of the product gas introduced into the quench unit 5 is a straight flow and slag. It reaches directly below the tap opening 4 and collides with each other.

  Here, the flow 105 of the counter-jet gas introduced from the two counter-product gas nozzles 9 into the quenching unit 5 is attenuated and diffuses in the direction of the wall surface where the direction of flow from the flow 105 is changed by about 90 degrees due to the collision. The product gas flow 108 is obtained.

  The product gas flow 108 diffusing in the direction of the wall surface due to the collision of the product gas flow 105 of the opposed jet forms a vortex flow, and as a product gas flow 109 diffusing in the quench portion 5, the product gas flow 109 is directly below the slag tap opening 4. It circulates and rises towards the slag tap opening 4.

  Due to the above flow state, the generated gas tends to flow immediately below the slag tap opening 4, and is mixed and burned with oxygen rising from below the quenching part 5, so that the vicinity of the slag tap opening 4 is locally localized. Heat.

  Next, the flow state in the installation height cross section of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 provided in the quench section 5 of the gasification furnace 1 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 8, oxygen-containing gas is supplied from two opposing oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 as counter jets into the quenching unit 5, and the oxygen-containing gas flow 106 introduced into the quenching unit 5 is a straight flow. It reaches directly below the slag tap opening 4 and collides with each other.

  Here, the flow 106 of the oxygen-containing gas of the opposed jet injected into the quenching unit 5 from the two opposed oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 is attenuated, and the direction of wall flow is changed to about 90 degrees from the flow 106 due to the collision. It becomes a flow 110 of oxygen-containing gas to diffuse.

  The oxygen-containing gas flow 110 diffusing in the direction of the wall surface by the collision of the counter-jet oxygen-containing gas flow 106 forms a vortex flow, and the slag tap opening 4 as the oxygen-containing gas flow 111 diffusing in the quench portion 5. Ascending toward the slag tap opening 4 while circulating underneath.

  Here, the oxygen-containing gas flow 111 diffusing in the quench portion is a diffusion of the product gas flow 108 diffusing in the direction of the side wall due to the collision and the product gas flow 109 diffusing in the quench portion downward of the quench portion 5. It also has a role to suppress. For this reason, as shown also in FIG. 4, it is necessary to install the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 at a position below the product gas nozzle 9.

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5 as well, in the same manner as in the case of the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, monitoring of the flow state of the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 is performed. And, in order to adjust the amount of produced gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quench unit 5, the temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured with a thermometer 12 installed near the slag tap opening 4. The flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 based on the temperature output from the thermometer 12 by the control device 200, and the oxygen introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning this product gas By adjusting the amount of gas to be supplied and suitably burning the product gas, the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 can be heated to a desired temperature to prevent solidification due to a decrease in temperature.

  As a result, even if the properties of the coal gasified in the gasification unit 2 change, in order to prevent the solidification of the molten slag by heating the slag tap opening 4, the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle are provided in the quench unit 5. The amount of product gas introduced from 10 and the amount of oxygen-containing gas can be minimized.

  Moreover, the wall surface of the quench part 5 and each said nozzle by the thermometer 13 installed in the wall surface of the quench part 5 right under the production gas nozzle 9, and the thermometer 14 installed in the wall surface of the quench part 5 right under the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 The gas temperature can be monitored.

  This is to prevent damage to the wall surface of the quench unit 5, the generated gas nozzle 9, and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, assuming that the generated gas and oxygen diffuse near the wall surface of the quench unit 5.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

  Next, a gasification furnace according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Since the basic structure of the gasification furnace of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the gasification furnace of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the description of the structure common to both is omitted. Only different configurations will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the gasification furnace of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is a gasification in which four oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 and four product gas nozzles 9 are installed on the wall surface of the quench section 5 at intervals of 90 degrees. It is a furnace 1.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the slag tap opening 4 of the gasification furnace 1 adopts a shape in which the apex portion of the rhombus is curved in an arc shape.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gasification furnace according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the gasification furnace 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. A thermometer 12 installed near the wall surface immediately below the generated gas nozzle 9, and a thermometer 14 installed near the wall surface directly below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, each corresponding to the number of nozzles, each 4 Each book is provided.

  FIG. 10 is a top view of the quench part 4 as seen from the slag tap part 3 of the gasification furnace 1 in the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9, and the shape of the slag tap opening part 4 is an example of a flat shape. As a shape, a shape in which the apex portion of the rhombus is curved in an arc shape is adopted.

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the fourth embodiment, as described in the gasification furnace 1 of the third embodiment, when the shape of the slag tap opening 4 is flat, the flow of the product gas flowing into the quenching section 5 There is an effect that the swirl component 101 is made to collide with the wall surface on the long axis direction side in the slag tap opening 4 to be attenuated.

  The molten slag melted in the gasification unit 2 is accompanied by the product gas flow 101 flowing into the quenching unit 5 in a swirling flow, and flows down from the entire circumference of the slag tap opening 4. Therefore, by making the slag tap opening 4 in an arc shape, the length of the wet slag that causes the molten slag to flow down can be increased.

  Thereby, the liquid film | membrane of the molten slag which flows through the slag tap opening part 4 can be made thin, and the retention of slag and the refractory damage of the refractory material of the slag tap 3 are suppressed.

  Next, the nozzle arrangement installed in the quench unit 5 will be described. Four product gas nozzles 9 and oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 installed in the quench unit 5 are installed at intervals of 90 degrees, and the slag tap opening 4 Two are arranged opposite each other on the center line of the short side and the long side.

  Thereby, the flow of the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quench unit 5 from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 can be reliably collided with each other immediately below the slag tap opening 4.

  Even if an error occurs in the installation location of the nozzles, it is preferable to provide four nozzles 9 and 10 at intervals of 90 degrees, compared to the case where two nozzles are provided. Directly below, the product gas and oxygen-containing gas jets ejected from the nozzles easily collide with each other.

  Moreover, in order to suppress the dispersion of molten slag in the quenching part 5 due to the generated gas jetted from the nozzles 9 and 10 and the oxygen-containing gas jet, the generated gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are limited. There is a flow rate.

  Here, if the molten slag scatters in the quenching section 5, it will cause the product gas nozzle 9, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and the activation burner 11 to be blocked. If the nozzle and burner of the quench unit 5 are closed, the slag tap opening 4 cannot be heated, and is closed with molten slag, leading to a gasifier stop.

  Therefore, when increasing or decreasing the flow rates of the product gas and oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quenching unit 5 as many parameters, the number of nozzles of these product gas nozzles 9 and oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 is set to increase the degree of freedom in the operation method. Secure.

  For example, when the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quenching unit 5 from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are made small, the number of the product gas nozzles 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzles 10 to be used is two facing each other. In the case where they are installed one by one, if the amount of product gas and oxygen-containing gas increases, the two opposing nozzles will exceed the limit flow velocity.

  Therefore, in order to cope with this critical flow velocity, the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 of the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment, in addition to the two opposing nozzles, Each of the four nozzles is used together with each of the two opposing nozzles arranged in position.

  Thereby, it becomes possible to suppress the flow velocity of the jets ejected from the four nozzles of the generated gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 below the limit, and to prevent the molten slag from scattering in the quench section 5. .

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9 as well, in the same manner as in the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, monitoring of the flow of molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 is performed. And, in order to adjust the amount of produced gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quench unit 5, the temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured with a thermometer 12 installed near the slag tap opening 4. The flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 based on the temperature detected by the thermometer 12 by the control device 200, and the oxygen introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning this product gas By adjusting the amount to be supplied and suitably burning the product gas, the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 can be heated to a desired temperature to prevent solidification due to a decrease in temperature.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

  Next, a gasifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Since the basic structure of the gasification furnace of the fifth embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the gasification furnace of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the description of the structure common to both is omitted. Only different configurations will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the slag tap opening 4 of the gasification furnace 1 of the fifth embodiment of the present invention adopts an oval arcuate shape with a curved line.

  FIG. 12 is an explanatory view in which the gas flow state is schematically added to the partially enlarged view showing the vicinity of the slag tap 3 of the gasification furnace 1 shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, if the shape of the slag tap opening 4 provided in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment is a flat shape such as an oval type, it flows into the quenching part 5 of the gasification furnace 1. The swirl component of the generated gas flow 101 collides with the wall surface on the long axis direction side of the oval type in the slag tap opening 4 and attenuates. As a result, the product gas in the quenching part 5 is difficult to diffuse and tends to be a product gas flow 104 that is reversed in the quenching part 5.

  The product gas flow 104 that is reversed in the quench unit 5 is mixed and burned immediately below the slag tap opening 4 with the oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and becomes a combustion gas flow 103 that rises up the slag tap 3. The slag tap opening 4 is heated.

  In the slag tap opening 4, the axial center side of the gasification unit 2 becomes negative pressure due to the swirling flow of the product gas flow 102 generated in the gasification unit 2, and is heated by the combustion gas flow 103 rising up the slag tap 3. The

  On the other hand, the outer peripheral side of the gasification part 2 of the slag tap opening 4 is heated by the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quench part 5 while turning. Since this swirl flow becomes stronger toward the outer peripheral side of the gasification unit 2, the longer the longer side of the slag tap opening 4, the stronger the generated gas flow 101 flowing into the quench unit 5.

  The molten slag flowing down the upper surface of the slag tap 3 from the wall surface of the gasification unit 2 is accompanied by a swirl flow such as a product gas flow 102 generated in the gasification unit 2 and a product gas flow 101 flowing into the quench unit 5. .

  Most of the molten slag flows down from the short side of the oval slag tap opening 4. The oval slag tap opening 4 reduces the risk of the slag tap 3 blowing up the gasified portion 2 of the molten slag due to the combustion gas flow 103 rising up the slag tap 3.

  If it is assumed that the molten slag flowing down the short side of the oval type of the slag tap opening 4 solidifies due to a decrease in temperature, the length of the long side of the oval type of the slag tap opening 4 is reduced. Reduction of the length of the long side of the slag tap opening 4 weakens the flow 101 of the product gas flowing into the quenching part 5 and causes a temperature drop of the thermometer 12 near the slag tap opening 4.

  Therefore, in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 11 as well, in the case of the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured by a thermometer 12 installed near the slag tap opening 4 in order to monitor and adjust the amount of generated gas and the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the quench unit 5. Based on the temperature measured and monitored by the control device 200 and detected by the thermometer 12, the flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning this product gas are charged. By adjusting the amount of oxygen to supply and suitably burning the product gas, the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 can be heated to a desired temperature to prevent solidification due to temperature drop. .

  Moreover, in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to monitor the flow of molten slag by monitoring the temperature with a thermometer 12 installed on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 near the slag tap opening 4. Further, by monitoring the temperature with the thermometer 13 installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 immediately below the generated gas nozzle 9 and the thermometer 14 installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 just below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, the wall surface of the quench unit 5 and It is also possible to protect the product gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  Finally, as an example showing the effect of the present invention, in the gasification test in the gasification section 1 in which the slag tap opening 4 is an oval type, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 or the start burner 11 to the quench section 5. FIG. 13 shows a test result of monitoring the flow of molten slag with a thermometer 12 immediately below the slag tap opening 4.

This figure shows the results of a gasification test in which coal having an ash melting point of 1420 ° C. and a fuel ratio of 1.2 is used and only an oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the quenching section 5. First, a condition in which an oxygen-containing gas having an oxygen of 70 Nm ³ / h and an oxygen concentration of 25% was introduced into the quench unit 5 from the start burner 11 was used as a reference condition. The gas temperature of the thermometer 12 near the slag tap opening 4 measured under this condition was used as the reference temperature. Next, an increase from the reference temperature is shown at the above gas temperature for the condition in which the oxygen-containing gas having an oxygen concentration of 40% is supplied to the quench unit 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  Even under the reference conditions, the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 12 immediately below the slag tap opening 4 showed a temperature close to the ash melting point, and a stable flow of molten slag was also confirmed. In addition, under the condition that the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the quench unit 5 from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 12 near the slag tap opening 4 is increased by 100 ° C. or more from the reference temperature and melted. Slag also flowed stably, as in the standard conditions.

  Therefore, by adopting the temperature measurement method shown in the present invention, it is possible to perform a gasification operation in which the heating condition of the quench unit 5 is adjusted while monitoring the flow state of the molten slag. In addition, with respect to the position where the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the quench unit 5, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 close to the slag tap opening 4 is advantageous for heating the gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4. It was confirmed.

  The oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 may have a single tube nozzle structure that can be easily cooled, unlike the starter burner 11 having a complicated structure. Therefore, an operation in which the oxygen amount and the oxygen concentration are further increased is possible. Further, when the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 12 in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is remarkably lowered, the product gas may be supplied from the product gas nozzle 9.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized. The present embodiment is particularly effective for the gasification operation of a high melting point coal type that requires a high temperature in the slag tap opening.

  Next, a gasifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Since the basic structure of the gasification furnace of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the gasification furnace of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, description of the structure common to both is omitted. Only different configurations will be described below.

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 14, the position of the activation burner 11 installed on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 is the same height as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and correspondingly arranged. The gasification furnace 1 is configured to be installed at a position shifted by 90 degrees from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  The reason why the startup burner 11 is arranged at the same height as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 in the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment is that the outlet of the startup burner 11 due to the scattering and adhesion of the molten slag flowing down from the slag tap opening 4. This is to reduce the risk of blockage. The risk of the burner tip blockage due to scattered slag adhesion increases as the activation burner 11 moves away from the slag tap. If the lowest activation burner can be moved upward, this risk can be reduced.

  Conversely, as the installation height of the activation burner 11 is lower (away from the lower surface of the slag tap opening 4), the molten slag flowing down from the slag tap opening 4 is more likely to adhere to the activation burner 11. Therefore, from the viewpoint of protecting the activation burner 11, it is preferable that the installation height can be changed to the same height as the upper oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  During the steady operation of the gasification furnace 1, the start burner 11 is not used for heating the slag tap opening 4, but is supplied with purge nitrogen for protecting the start burner 11 itself. Therefore, even if the installation height of the activation burner 11 is changed to the same height as that of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, the influence on the flow in the quench unit 5 is small.

  Further, when the two activation burners 11 are installed at the same installation height as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 so as to be opposed to each other on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 so as to be shifted by 90 degrees from the installation position of the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. The use of the start burner 11 is expanded.

  In other words, during the steady operation of the gasification furnace 1, not only the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 but also the operation of supplying the oxygen-containing gas from the starting burner 11 can be performed. Thereby, more oxygen-containing gas amount can be supplied in the quench part 5 at low flow rate.

  Assuming the operation of the gasification furnace 1 having the above-described configuration, a thermometer 12 for measuring the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is added to the pair of thermometers 12 disposed opposite to each other, and contains the oxygen It is good to install in the two starting burner 11 side installed in the same height as the gas nozzle 10, respectively, and make it a total of four places.

  FIG. 15 is a top view of the quench portion 5 as seen from the slag tap portion of the gasification furnace 1 in the sixth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 14, and the shape of the slag tap opening 4 is an oval shape. ing.

  Further, the arrangement of the lower burners 8 installed in the gasification unit 2 will be described. As shown in FIG. 15, the four lower burners 8 installed in the tangential direction at intervals of 90 degrees on the wall surface of the gasification unit 2. When the center line 112 is drawn, the virtual circle 113 whose tangent is the center line of all the lower burners 8 is uniquely determined.

  The swirl flow of the product gas flow 101 flowing into the quench section 5 is formed along the virtual circle 113 with the center line of all the lower burners 8 as a tangent.

  For this reason, if the diameter of the imaginary circle 113 tangent to the center line of all the lower burners 8 is formed to be smaller than the long side of the slag tap opening 4, a large amount of high-temperature generated gas is present in the quench section 5. Will flow in.

  As a result, the outer peripheral side of the slag tap opening 4 where the molten slag melted in the gasification section 2 flows down can be effectively heated by the high-temperature generated gas, and the slag tap opening 4 can be blocked by cooling and solidifying the molten slag. Risk can be avoided.

  In the gasification furnace 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 14 as well, in the same manner as in the case of the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, monitoring of the flow state of the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 is performed. And, in order to adjust the amount of produced gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quench unit 5, the temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured with a thermometer 12 installed near the slag tap opening 4. The flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 based on the temperature detected by the thermometer 12 by the control device 200, and the oxygen introduced from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning this product gas By adjusting the amount to be supplied and suitably burning the product gas, the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 can be heated to a desired temperature to prevent solidification due to a decrease in temperature.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

  Next, a gasification power plant according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The gasification furnace constituting the gasification power plant of the seventh embodiment of the present invention has the same basic structure as the gasification furnace of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. Description of the structure regarding is omitted, and the structure of the gasification power plant is described below.

  FIG. 16 shows the overall configuration of the gasification power plant including the gasification furnace 1 of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 8. In the gasification power plant of this embodiment, the gasification furnace 1 is shown. The generated gas 19 generated in the gasification section of the gas is purified, and a part of the generated gas 19 is supplied as a generated gas 29 from the generated gas nozzle 9 installed in the quench section 5 into the quench section 5 and flows down from the slag tap opening 4. A control device 200 is provided for adjusting the heating conditions of the quenching unit 5 based on means for monitoring the flow of molten slag.

  First, the process flow of the coal gasification power plant will be described. From the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 installed in the gasification section 2 of the gasification furnace 1, the lower fuel coal and the oxygen-containing gas are pulverized into this gas. The combustible component in the coal is gasified by a combustion reaction with oxygen by being charged into the gasification unit 2 to generate a product gas 19 mainly composed of CO and H2.

  The generated gas 19 generated in the gasification unit 2 is discharged from the top of the gasification furnace 1 and cooled by the heat recovery unit 15 sequentially disposed on the downstream side of the gasification furnace 1, and then the dust removing device 16, It flows into the demineralizer 17 and the desulfurizer 18 and is sequentially dedusted, desalted and desulfurized to remove impurities in the product gas 19.

In the desulfurization device 18, the sulfur content in the product gas 19 is recovered as gypsum. Further, in the process of desulfurization, exhaust gas 21 containing a very small amount of sulfur (such as H ₂ S) is generated. The exhaust gas 21 containing sulfur is supplied from the desulfurizer 18 to the flare stack 47 and completely burned, and then discharged from the chimney 28 to the outside of the system.

  Most of the desulfurized product gas 19 exiting the desulfurization device 18 is supplied to the combustor 22 constituting the gas turbine device as a product gas 20 for power generation fuel. In the combustor 22, the air 33 taken into the compressor 23 is pressurized and supplied as combustion air, mixed with the generated gas 20 of the power generation fuel, and burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas.

  The combustion gas generated in the combustor 22 drives the turbine 24 and rotates a generator (not shown) to generate power. The exhaust gas that has driven the turbine 24 is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 26 to generate steam 27 by heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the feed water, and the exhaust gas that has been recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 26 and lowered in temperature. Is discharged out of the system from the chimney 28.

  The steam 27 generated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 26 drives the steam turbine 25 and rotates a generator (not shown) to generate power. The steam that has flowed down the steam turbine 25 is cooled and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 26.

  A combined power generation that combines the gas turbine device and the steam turbine can provide a highly efficient power generation system.

  On the other hand, a part of the product gas flowing down the desulfurization device 18 is supplied as a product gas 29 from the product gas nozzle 9 installed in the quench unit 5 of the gasification furnace 1 into the quench unit 5, and the slag tap opening 4 is passed through. Used for fuel to be heated.

  Oxygen 31 and nitrogen 32 supplied to the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 installed in the quenching section 5 of the gasification furnace 1 are produced by the air separator 30 using air 41 taken into the air separator 30 as a raw material.

  The product gas 29 supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 into the quench unit 5 is mixed with the oxygen 31 supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and burned, and the slag tap opening 4 is heated to heat the slag tap opening. The solidification of the molten slag flowing down from 4 is prevented.

  Next, the monitoring means for monitoring the flow state of the molten slag from the slag tap opening 4 of the gasification furnace 1 will be described. There are the following four types of monitoring means.

  -Gas temperature monitoring means immediately below the slag tap opening: The gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening is measured by a thermometer 12 installed immediately below the slag tap opening 4. In order to prevent solidification of the molten slag flowing down from the slag tap opening 4, the gas temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 measured by the thermometer 12 should be equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the ash charged into the gasification unit 2. It is desirable to ensure.

  A means for monitoring the differential pressure of the slag tap: The differential pressure measuring device 42 measures the differential pressure between the gasification unit 2 and the quench unit 5 that becomes the differential pressure of the slag tap. If the slag tap opening 4 is closed with molten slag or the like, the differential pressure of the differential pressure measuring device 42 increases. Accordingly, the differential pressure of the slag tap 3 measured by the differential pressure measuring device 42 is kept at a predetermined value or less.

  -Monitoring means for molten slag flow image: Using the monitoring camera 46 installed in the quench section 5, the slag tap opening 4 or the quench section 5 immediately below the slag tap opening 4 is photographed, and the molten slag flow image To monitor. Then, with reference to the image obtained by photographing the state of steady operation of the gasification furnace 1 with the monitoring camera 46, the image photographed with the monitoring camera 46 is visually or visually checked whether there is any change in the flow rate, speed, and viscosity of the molten slag. This is confirmed by the slag flow image processing device 45.

  -Slag weight monitoring means: The molten slag dropped from the slag tap opening 4 to the slag cooling water tank 6 is cooled and solidified to form granular granulated slag. The granulated slag is discharged out of the gasifier 1 through a slag recovery valve 44 installed at the bottom of the slag cooling water tank 6.

  The amount of slag discharged per unit time is measured by measuring the granulated slag discharged out of the gasifier 1 with the slag weight measuring device 43. And it is monitored whether the ratio of the slag discharge | emission amount measured with the slag weight measuring device 43 with respect to the total weight of the ash per unit time thrown into the gasification part 2 has changed.

  Next, in the gasification furnace 1 provided in the gasification power plant according to the present embodiment, the heating conditions of the slag tap opening 4 by the control device 200 that controls the heating of the slag tap opening 4 that takes in the data of the monitoring means. The adjustment algorithm is as follows.

  1) As an initial condition at the time of steady operation of the gasification furnace 1, only the oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 without supplying the product gas from the product gas nozzle 9 to the quench unit 5. The oxygen concentration is desirably about 20 to 25% close to air.

  2) When an abnormality is detected by any of the above four monitoring means, the control device 200 prioritizes the detected temperature of the thermometer 12 that measures the temperature immediately below the slag tap opening 4 to contain oxygen. The oxygen flow rate adjusting unit 37 installed on the upstream side of the gas nozzle 10 is adjusted to increase the oxygen flow rate, and the oxygen concentration supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5 is increased. The upper limit of the oxygen concentration is set based on the temperature range protecting the refractory material of the slag tap 3, the wall surface of the quench unit 5, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, and the generated gas nozzle 9.

  The temperature in the quench unit 5 is monitored by a thermometer 12 installed immediately below the slag tap opening 4, a thermometer 13 installed on the wall surface of the quench unit 5 immediately below the generated gas nozzle 9, and a quench immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. Each is measured and monitored using a thermometer 14 installed on the wall surface of the unit 5.

  That is, in order to monitor the flow state of the molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 and to adjust the amount of generated gas and the amount of oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quenching unit 5, the slag tap opening 4 is installed near the slag tap opening 4. The temperature near the slag tap opening 4 is measured and monitored by the thermometer 12, and the flow rate of the generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 based on the temperature output from the thermometer 12 by the control device 200, and this generated gas The molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 is brought to a desired temperature by adjusting and supplying the oxygen-containing gas amount supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 necessary for burning the gas and suitably burning the generated gas. Heating prevents solidification due to temperature drop.

  In addition, the thermometer 13 installed on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 immediately below the generated gas nozzle 9 and the thermometer 14 installed on the wall surface of the quenching section 5 directly below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 are the generated gas nozzle 9 and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10. And monitoring of the wall surface of the quenching unit 5.

  3) When the temperature measured by the thermometer 12 immediately below the slag tap opening 4 does not reach the melt flow temperature of the ash charged into the gasification unit 2 by the operation of 2), the control device 200 The oxygen concentration supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quenching unit 5 and the flow rate of oxygen are further increased by the command signal from.

  In this case, a command signal is sent from the control device 200 to the oxygen flow rate adjusting unit 37 and the nitrogen flow rate adjusting unit 38 so that the oxygen concentration supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quench unit 5 is constant. Put out. The temperature monitoring of the quench unit 5 is the same as 2).

  4) A temperature drop near the slag tap opening 4 measured by the thermometer 12 immediately below the slag tap opening 4 indicates a decrease in the opening area of the slag tap opening 4 due to adhesion of molten slag or the like. When the opening area of the slag tap opening 4 decreases, a decrease in the other temperature of the quench unit 5 and a decrease in the amount of molten slag flowing are also observed.

  When these phenomena are observed, the controller 200 issues a command to supply the generated gas from the generated gas nozzle 9 into the quenching unit 5 to the flow rate adjusting unit 36 of the generated gas. Here, the upper limit of the generated gas amount is set to a flow rate at which the generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9 can be completely burned with the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10.

  5) When the temperature measured by the thermometer 12 immediately below the slag tap opening 4 does not reach the melt flow temperature of the ash charged into the gasification unit 2 even by the operation of 4), the control device 200 The flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 into the quenching unit 5 and the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 into the quenching unit 5 are respectively increased by the command signal from.

  In this case, the control device 200 is preferably provided with a control logic for changing the flow rates of nitrogen, oxygen, and the generated gas in this order, and a control logic for adjusting the amount of oxygen to be supplied to a flow rate necessary for complete combustion of the generated gas.

  6) When the temperature measured by the thermometer 12 immediately below the slag tap opening 4 does not rise sufficiently by the operation of 5), and there is no improvement in the image and flow rate of the molten slag flowing down. The adhesion of the molten slag to the slag tap opening 4 advances, and the slag tap differential pressure increases.

  In this case, the control device 200 issues a command to re-ignite the start burner 11 installed on the wall surface of the quenching unit 5 and to enter the gasification furnace 1 stop operation.

  Further, the supply of coal from the upper burner 7 and the lower burner 8 to the gasification unit 2 and the supply of the generated gas and oxygen from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and the generated gas nozzle 9 are quickly stopped by a command from the control device 200. The reason for reigniting the start burner 11 is to extract molten slag from the gasification unit 2 into the quench unit 5.

  In addition, when the information with the high melt flow temperature of the ash put into the gasification part 2 is obtained by the prior analysis etc., you may start from said 2).

  Further, in the operation of the gasification furnace 1 described above, since two opposing nozzles and burners installed in the quench unit 5 are used, a flow rate deviation occurs between these nozzles and burners arranged in opposition. The collision position of the jet flow supplied from the nozzle and the burner is shifted from the central portion of the quench unit 5 and causes the molten slag to flow down. Therefore, it is preferable to add control logic to the control device 200 that suppresses the flow rate deviation of the jet flow supplied from the nozzles and the burners arranged to face each other to ± 5 to 10% or less.

  In the gasification furnace 1 provided in the gasification power plant of this embodiment shown in FIG. 16 as well, in the case of the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In order to monitor the flow state of molten slag and adjust the amount of product gas and oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quenching section 5, a slag tap opening with a thermometer 12 installed immediately below the slag tap opening 4 4 is measured and monitored, and the flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 based on the temperature detected by the thermometer 12 by the control device 200, and the product gas required for burning. The molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 is heated to a desired temperature to lower the temperature by adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and supplying it by suitably burning the generated gas. Solidification can be prevented in advance that.

  In addition, a thermometer is installed in the quench part near the opening of the slag tap, and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle is controlled based on the temperature detection value in the vicinity of the opening of the slag tap measured by the thermometer, It is also possible to provide a control device that changes the oxygen concentration supplied to the quench unit. Control to increase the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas during normal operation is performed in addition to increasing the oxygen concentration supplied into the quenching unit 5 when an abnormality is detected by any of the monitoring means described in Procedure 2 above. You may drive. An increase in the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas can reduce the heat loss of sensible heat such as nitrogen, and can reduce the input amount of oxygen and product gas. Thereby, power generation efficiency can be improved.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

  Next, a gasification power plant according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The basic structure of the gasification furnace constituting the gasification power plant of the seventh embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the gasification furnace of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. Since the basic configuration of the plant configuration is the same as that of the gasification power plant shown in FIG. 16, the description of the configuration related to the gasification furnace 1 and the configuration common to the gasification power generation plant of FIG. Only the configuration of the gasification power plant will be described below.

  The configuration of the gasification power plant of the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 17 is different from that of the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 16 in that the slag tap opening 4 is heated. To provide oxygen 31 and nitrogen 32 for air from the air 33 taken into the compressor 23.

  All the oxygen-containing gas required in the gasification power plant is supplied from the compressor 23 driven by the turbine 24 of the gas turbine device, and there is an effect of reducing the in-house power by reducing the number of auxiliary machines.

  Even if the product gas, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 or the start burner 11 is not supplied with the product gas, the oxygen-containing gas or the auxiliary fuel for heating the slag tap opening 4 of the gasification furnace 1, the slag tap opening 4 When the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 12 immediately below is higher than the desired temperature, the controller 200 adjusts the amount of air supplied from the compressor 23 to the air separator 30 by the control device 200. A command to reduce the amount of air is reduced, and the supply of the generated gas, oxygen-containing gas, or auxiliary fuel supplied from the generated gas nozzle 9, the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10, or the start burner 11 into the quench unit 5 is reduced, or Stop.

  The surplus air is sent by the control device 200 to the flare stack air flow rate adjusting unit 49 that adjusts the amount of air supplied from the compressor 23 to the flare stack 47, and this flare stack is instructed. It is discharged to the chimney 28 via the stack 47.

  In the gasification furnace 1 provided in the gasification power plant of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 17 as well, in the case of the gasification furnace 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In order to monitor the flow state of molten slag and adjust the amount of product gas and oxygen-containing gas introduced into the quenching section 5, a slag tap opening with a thermometer 12 installed immediately below the slag tap opening 4 4 is measured and monitored, and the flow rate of the product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle 9 based on the temperature detected by the thermometer 12 by the control device 200, and the product gas required for burning. The molten slag at the slag tap opening 4 is heated to a desired temperature to lower the temperature by adjusting the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle 10 and supplying it by suitably burning the generated gas. Solidification can be prevented in advance that.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, the gas that can maintain the efficiency of the gasification furnace by heating the slag tap opening for preventing the clogging of the slag tap opening due to solidification of the molten slag with energy saving. A gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification furnace operation method, and a gasification power plant operation method can be realized.

  The present invention can be applied to a coal gasification furnace that gasifies organic matter and melts slag into slag, and a gasification power plant equipped with a gasification furnace.

  1: Gasification furnace, 2: Gasification section, 3: Slag tap, 4: Slag tap opening, 5: Quench section, 6: Slag cooling water tank, 7: Upper burner, 8: Lower burner, 9: Product gas nozzle, 10: Oxygen-containing gas nozzle, 11: Activation burner, 12, 13, 14: Thermometer, 15: Heat recovery unit, 16: Dedusting device, 17: Desalting device, 18: Desulfurization device, 19: Generated in gasification unit Produced gas, 20: produced gas, 21: exhaust gas, 22: combustor, 23: compressor, 24: turbine, 25: steam turbine, 26: exhaust heat recovery boiler, 27: steam, 28: chimney, 29: produced Gas: 30: Air separator, 31: Oxygen, 32: Nitrogen, 33: Air, 200: Control device, 35: Flow rate adjustment unit for auxiliary fuel, 36: Flow rate adjustment unit for product gas, 37: Supply of oxygen-containing gas nozzle Oxygen flow rate adjustment unit, 38: Nitrogen flow rate adjusting unit for supplying element-containing gas nozzle, 39: Oxygen flow rate adjusting unit for supplying starter burner, 40: Nitrogen flow rate adjusting unit for supplying starter burner, 41: Air, 42: Differential pressure measuring device, 43 : Slag weight measuring device, 44: Slag recovery valve, 45: Slag flow image processing device, 46: Monitoring camera, 47: Flare stack, 48: Air flow rate adjustment unit from compressor to air separator, 49: Flare stack 101: Flow of generated gas flowing into the quenching section, 102: Flow of generated gas generated in the gasification section, 103: Flow of combustion gas rising up the slag tap, 104: Inversion in the quenching section 105: Flow of product gas charged into the quenching section, 106: Flow of oxygen-containing gas charged into the quenching section, 107: Fuel rising up the quenching section 108: Flow of product gas diffusing in the side wall direction due to collision, 109: Flow of product gas diffusing in the quenching part, 110: Flow of oxygen-containing gas diffusing in the side wall direction due to collision, 111: In the quenching part Diffusion of oxygen-containing gas, 112: center line of lower burner, 113: virtual circle with tangent to center lines of all lower burners.

Claims (11)

The combustibles in coal supplied from the burner mounted tangentially with generating a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2 gasified, a gasification unit to melt slag ash of the coal, gas In a gasification furnace comprising a slag tap provided at the bottom of the gasification section and having an opening for lowering a part of the generated gas, and a quenching section directly under the slag tap. ,
A product gas nozzle for supplying a part of the product gas from which impurities in the product gas generated in the gasification unit are removed to the quench unit is installed at the position of the quench unit having a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap, and the product gas nozzle An oxygen-containing gas nozzle that supplies an oxygen-containing gas into the quenching portion at a position lower than the first thermometer is installed in the quenching portion at a position directly below the slag tap and not projecting into the opening; A second thermometer and a third thermometer for measuring the temperature are respectively installed in the vicinity of the generated gas nozzle and the wall immediately below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle,
The first product gas amount supplied from the product gas nozzles on the basis of the temperature detection value measured at a thermometer, and a control unit for controlling the oxygen-containing gas quantity supplied from an oxygen-containing gas nozzles installed,
A gasification furnace characterized in that the flow of the product gas flowing into the quenching section and the temperature in the quenching section are monitored by the second thermometer and the third thermometer . In the gasifier according to claim 1,
A gasification furnace, characterized in that an activation burner that is installed in the quench unit and burns fuel for auxiliary combustion is installed at a position below the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. In the gasifier according to claim 1,
The opening of the slag tap is formed in a flat type, and the generated gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle are respectively opposed to the quenching portion immediately below the long axis forming the flat type opening of the slag tap. A gasification furnace characterized by installation. In the gasification furnace according to claim 3,
The start burner installed in the quench section and burning the auxiliary fuel is installed at a position directly below the minor axis forming the flat opening of the slag tap and at the same height as the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. A gasification furnace characterized by that. In the gasifier according to claim 4 ,
Of the upper and lower burners that supply coal and oxygen to the gasification section and cause a combustion reaction in the gasification section, the lower burner has a flat center line passing through the axis of the lower burner, and the slag tap opening is flat. A gasification furnace, wherein the gasification furnace is installed on a wall surface of the gasification section so as to be positioned on a tangent line of a circle having a diameter smaller than the long side of the slag tap formed in the above. In the gasifier according to claim 1,
The product gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle are installed facing each other, and the control device controls the flow rate deviations of the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the opposed product gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle to be less than a predetermined value, respectively. A gasification furnace characterized by: In the gasifier according to claim 6,
The control device controls a flow rate deviation of the product gas and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the product gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle disposed to face each other so as to be ± 5% or less of a predetermined value. Chemical reactor . A gasification section for gasifying combustible components in coal supplied from a burner attached in a tangential direction to generate a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2, and for converting ash in the coal into molten slag; and a gas The slag tap is provided at the bottom of the gasification section, and has a slag tap having an opening for lowering a part of the generated gas while flowing down the molten slag at the center thereof, and a quenching section directly under the slag tap, and close to the slag tap A product gas nozzle for supplying a part of the product gas from which impurities in the product gas generated in the gasification unit have been removed into the quench unit is installed at the position of the quench unit comprising the water-cooled membrane structure, and is directly below the product gas nozzle. An oxygen-containing gas nozzle that supplies an oxygen-containing gas to a nearby position and a start burner that burns fuel for auxiliary combustion are located at a position below the generated gas nozzle. A second thermometer is installed in the quench portion at a position directly below the slag tap and not projecting from the opening, and the temperature is measured in the vicinity of the wall immediately below the generated gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle. A thermometer and a third thermometer are installed, and the amount of generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle and the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle are controlled based on the temperature detection value measured by the first thermometer. And a gasification furnace for monitoring the flow of the product gas flowing into the quenching section and the temperature in the quenching section by the second thermometer and the third thermometer,
A desulfurization device for desulfurizing the generated gas by introducing the generated gas generated in the gasification section of the gasification furnace from the gasification furnace, and combustion for generating combustion gas by burning the generated gas desulfurized by the desulfurization device as fuel , A turbine driven by combustion gas generated in the combustor, a generator driven by the gas turbine to generate electric power, a compressor that compresses air and supplies it as combustion air to the combustor, and the desulfurization A system for supplying a part of the product gas branched from the apparatus to the product gas nozzle of the gasifier, an air separator for separating oxygen from the air extracted from the compressor, and the oxygen separated by the air separator A gasification power plant comprising a system for supplying to an oxygen-containing gas nozzle of a gasification furnace . A gasification section for gasifying combustible components in coal supplied from a burner attached in a tangential direction to generate a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2, and for converting ash in the coal into molten slag; and a gas A slag tap that is provided at the bottom of the gasification section and has an opening for lowering a part of the generated gas while allowing molten slag to flow down at the center thereof, and a gasification furnace provided with a quenching section directly below the slag tap In driving method,
In the gasification furnace, a part of the generated gas from which impurities in the generated gas generated in the gasification unit are removed is supplied into the quenching unit at the position of the quenching unit having a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap. A gas nozzle, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle that supplies an oxygen-containing gas to a position immediately below the generated gas nozzle, and an activation burner that burns fuel for auxiliary combustion are installed at positions below the generated gas nozzle, respectively.
A first thermometer is installed in the quenching part at a position directly below the slag tap and not projecting from the opening, and a second thermometer and a third thermometer are installed in the vicinity of the production gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle, respectively. Has been
A control device for controlling the amount of product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle into the quench unit and the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle into the quench unit based on the temperature detection value measured by the first thermometer Is installed,
The product gas generated in the gasification unit through the product gas nozzles on the basis of the detected temperature measured by the first thermometer to control the generation amount of gas supplied into the quench section by the control device, the supply Controlling the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied into the quenching section through the oxygen-containing gas nozzle to burn the generated product gas,
A method for operating a gasification furnace, wherein the flow of the product gas flowing into the quenching section and the temperature in the quenching section are monitored by the second thermometer and the third thermometer . In the operation method of the gasifier according to claim 9,
The product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle is supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle to a position in the quench unit that is above the supply position of the oxygen-containing gas supplied into the quench unit,
The product gas supplied from the product gas nozzle is supplied from the plurality of product gas nozzles facing each other at a flow rate at which the flow rate deviation is ± 5% or less of the predetermined value in the quench unit,
The oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle is opposed to each other from a plurality of oxygen-containing gas nozzles arranged to face each other, and is supplied at a flow rate in which the flow rate deviation is ± 5% or less of a predetermined value in the quench unit. To operate the gasifier . A gasification section for gasifying combustible components in coal supplied from a burner attached in a tangential direction to generate a product gas mainly composed of CO and H2, and for converting ash in the coal into molten slag; and a gas A slag tap that is provided at the bottom of the gasification unit and causes the molten slag to flow down to the center of the gasification unit and has an opening for lowering a part of the generated gas; and a gasification furnace that includes a quenching unit immediately below the slag tap. And
In the gasification furnace, a part of the generated gas from which impurities in the generated gas generated in the gasification unit are removed is supplied into the quenching unit at the position of the quenching unit having a water-cooled membrane structure close to the slag tap. A gas nozzle, an oxygen-containing gas nozzle that supplies an oxygen-containing gas to a position immediately below the generated gas nozzle, and an activation burner that burns fuel for auxiliary combustion are installed at positions below the generated gas nozzle, respectively.
A first thermometer is installed in the quenching part at a position directly below the slag tap and not projecting from the opening, and a second thermometer and a third thermometer are installed in the vicinity of the production gas nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas nozzle, respectively. Has been
Based on the temperature detection value measured by the first thermometer, the amount of generated gas supplied from the generated gas nozzle into the quenching unit and the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas nozzle into the quenching unit are controlled. A control device is installed,
The product gas generated in the gasification section of the gasification furnace is guided from the gasification furnace, the product gas is desulfurized by the desulfurization apparatus, the desulfurized product gas is burned in a combustor as a fuel, and combustion gas is generated. A turbine is driven by the generated combustion gas, power is generated by a generator driven by the turbine, air is compressed by a compressor driven by the turbine, supplied to the combustor as combustion air, and branched from the desulfurization device A part of the generated gas is supplied to a generated gas nozzle installed in the quenching section of the gasifier, and oxygen is separated from the air extracted from the compressor by an air separator, and the separated oxygen is removed from the gasifier. In the operation method of the gasification power plant that supplies the oxygen-containing gas nozzle installed in the quenching section of
The control device controls the amount of generated gas supplied to the quenching portion through the generated gas nozzle based on the temperature detection value measured by the first thermometer, and supplies the portion of the generated gas into the quenching portion. Controlling the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied into the quenching section through the oxygen-containing gas nozzle to burn the supplied product gas;
A method for operating a gasification power plant, wherein the flow of product gas flowing into the quenching section and the temperature in the quenching section are monitored by the second thermometer and the third thermometer .

Images