JP2013007059A - Gasification furnace, gasification power generation plant, gasification apparatus and method for operating gasification furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification furnace designed to suppress degradation in energy efficiency by ensuring a slag tap to be kept hot without charging a quenching section with any auxiliary fuel, and also to keep a lower face of the slag tap hot with a small amount of gas to achieve a stable slag downflow, and to provide a gasification power generation plant and a gasification device.SOLUTION: A nozzle or a burner is horizontally installed at a position just below a slag tap in a quenching section, and a gas containing oxygen but containing no fuel is supplied through the nozzle or the burner to collide with a wall face of the quenching section. Alternatively, multiple nozzles or burners are made to oppose to each other and jet streams of an oxygen-containing gas supplied by the nozzles or the burners are collided with each other in the quenching section. Thereby, in the quenching section, a rising gas flow toward a lower face of the slag tap is generated. The oxygen-containing gas supplied into the quenching section is mixed with a generated gas descending from a gasification section through the slag tap near the lower face of the slag tap and burnt to keep the lower face of the slag tap hot.

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification furnace that gasifies an organic substance and converts an inorganic substance into a molten slag, a gasification power plant, a gasification apparatus, and an operation method of the gasification furnace.

  In the gasification furnace, it is necessary to keep the bottom surface of the slag tap warm in order to allow the molten slag to flow stably with the slag tap. Although a burner is installed in the quenching section directly under the slag tap, in order to increase energy efficiency, fuel is usually used only during start / stop and low-load operation.

  In order to keep the bottom surface of the slag tap warm, it has been proposed to supply oxygen-containing gas to the quench part and burn particles contained in the gas flowing into the quench part from the slag tap to keep the vicinity of the slag tap at a high temperature. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  In addition, it has been proposed to install a burner in the quenching section and to inject the product gas and oxidant gasified in the gasification furnace to keep the slag tap warm (for example, see Patent Document 2).

JP 2004-99760 A (summary) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-11261 (Abstract)

  In Patent Document 1, a nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas is provided in the slag tap monitoring device to inject the oxygen-containing gas, and the oxygen-containing gas is injected from one or both of the activation burner and the slag discharge hole nozzle. Have been described.

  In the invention described in Patent Document 2, combustion gas is generated by the burner itself installed in the quenching section, and the slag tap is kept warm by the combustion gas.

  The purpose of the present invention is to suppress the deterioration of energy efficiency by allowing the slag tap to be kept warm without introducing auxiliary fuel into the quenching section, and also to keep the lower surface of the slag tap warm with a small amount of gas so that the slag can flow stably. Is to provide a gasification furnace, a gasification power plant, a gasification apparatus, and a gasification furnace operation method.

  The gasification furnace of the present invention is a gasification unit that gasifies organic matter and converts inorganic matter into molten slag, and a gasification unit at the bottom of the gasification unit. In a gasification furnace comprising a slag tap to be flowed down, a quenching unit at the lower part of the slag tap, and a water tank at the lower part of the quenching unit, at least one nozzle or burner at a position immediately below the slag tap in the quenching unit And a gas jet containing oxygen and no fuel is supplied from the nozzle or burner in the horizontal direction.

  The gasification furnace according to the present invention includes a gasification unit that gasifies an organic substance and converts an inorganic substance into a molten slag, and a bottom of the gasification part, and is a product gas generated by gasifying the organic substance in the gasification part. In the gasification furnace comprising a slag tap having an oval-shaped opening that allows the molten slag to flow down together with a part, a quench part at a lower part of the slag tap, and a water tank at the lower part of the quench part, At least one nozzle or burner is provided at a position directly below the slag tap, and an installation angle of the nozzle or burner is variable in a range from 0 ° to 45 ° above the horizontal direction. A gas jet containing oxygen and no fuel from the burner is supplied in the horizontal direction or in the slag tap direction in a range where the slag tap is not directly hit. .

  The gasification power plant of the present invention includes a gasification furnace that gasifies organic matter and melts inorganic matter into slag, a heat recovery facility for generated gas generated in the gasification furnace, a dust removal facility and a desulfurization facility, In a gasification power plant comprising a gas turbine that is driven by burning dust and a desulfurized product gas, and a generator and a compressor that are driven by the gas turbine, the air extracted from the compressor is boosted to increase the pressure A system for supplying to the nozzle or burner installed in the quenching section of the gasification furnace, a system for enriching the pressurized air with oxygen and supplying it to the nozzle or burner, and an air separation facility for air extracted by the compressor Is provided with any of the systems for producing oxygen and nitrogen and supplying them to the nozzle or burner.

  The gasification apparatus of the present invention is a gasification furnace that gasifies organic matter and melts inorganic matter into slag, and a measuring device that measures the temperature and pressure in the gasification section and slag tap of the gasification furnace, and in the quench section Gasification based on the temperature, pressure, slag weight and slag image, a measuring device for measuring the weight of the slag recovered from the gasification furnace, a photographing device for slag falling on the quenching section of the gasification furnace, And a control device that independently controls the flow rates of oxygen, nitrogen, and air supplied to a nozzle or burner installed in the quenching section of the furnace.

  The gasification apparatus of the present invention is a gasification furnace that gasifies organic matter and melts inorganic matter into slag, and measures the temperature and pressure in the gasification section, slag tap, and quench section of the gasification furnace. Based on the apparatus, a measuring device for measuring the weight of the slag recovered from the gasification furnace, an imaging device for the slag falling on the quenching portion of the gasification furnace, the temperature, pressure, slag weight and slag image, And a control device for independently controlling the flow rate of the gasification furnace product gas supplied from the nozzle or burner installed in the quenching section of the gasification furnace.

  The operation method of the gasification furnace of the present invention includes a gasification unit that gasifies an organic substance and converts an inorganic substance into a molten slag, and a gasification unit that is generated at the bottom of the gasification unit, and the organic substance is gasified in the gasification unit. In the operation method of the gasification furnace, comprising: a slag tap for flowing down the molten slag together with a part of the gas; a quench part at a lower part of the slag tap; and a water tank at the lower part of the quench part. Inside, a jet of oxygen-containing gas, which is ejected from the nozzle immediately below the slag tap, and does not contain fuel is made to collide with the wall surface of the quenching portion facing the nozzle.

  The operation method of the gasification furnace of the present invention includes a gasification unit that gasifies an organic substance and converts an inorganic substance into a molten slag, and a gasification unit that is generated at the bottom of the gasification unit, and the organic substance is gasified in the gasification unit. In the operation method of the gasification furnace, comprising: a slag tap for flowing down the molten slag together with a part of the gas; a quench part at a lower part of the slag tap; and a water tank at the lower part of the quench part. Inside, a plurality of nozzles immediately below the slag tap are ejected so as to collide with a jet of gas containing oxygen and not containing fuel, and the momentum of the jet of gas containing oxygen is made different.

  In the gasification furnace of the present invention, an oxygen-containing gas upward flow toward the lower surface of the slag tap is formed in the quench portion, and the generated gas that descends the slag tap from the gasification portion is mixed in the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap. . Thereby, it becomes possible to locally heat the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap with a small amount of gas without using auxiliary combustion fuel, and a gasification furnace having excellent energy efficiency can be obtained.

It is sectional drawing of the gasification furnace of a 1st Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow state of the slag tap vicinity of the gasification furnace in a 1st Example. It is sectional drawing of the gasification furnace of a 2nd Example. It is a coal gasification power generation process flowchart of a 3rd Example. It is a coal gasification power generation process flowchart of a 4th example. It is sectional drawing of the gasification furnace of 5th Example. It is sectional drawing of the gasification furnace of a 6th Example. It is sectional drawing of the gasification furnace of 7th Example. It is a control system diagram of a coal gasification power generation process flow and a heating burner of the eighth embodiment.

  In the gasification furnace of the present invention, one or more burners or nozzles for supplying a gas containing oxygen can be provided. When providing a plurality, it is desirable to arrange them at equal intervals or substantially equal intervals on the same circumference of the quench portion. It is desirable to arrange them at equal intervals or approximately equal intervals. Jets from opposing nozzles or burners collide with each other, so that the product gas flowing down the slag tap and oxygen are slowly mixed just below the slag tap. This is because the lower surface of the slag tap can be kept warm with a small amount of gas.

  You may enable it to supply a part of gasifier production | generation gas with the gas containing oxygen from the nozzle or burner installed in a quench part. In this case, the combustible product gas is accompanied by a gas containing oxygen, rises directly below the slag tap, and burns near the lower surface of the slag tap. Thereby, the heat retention effect of the slag tap lower surface can be enhanced without using fuel.

  It is also highly desirable that a plurality of nozzles or burners installed on the same circumference of the quench section at equal intervals or substantially equal intervals can independently control the momentum of the gas containing oxygen. Thereby, the position where the jets from an opposing nozzle or burner collide can be adjusted. As a result of the study, the momentum of one of the opposing nozzles or burners was increased and the other momentum was decreased, and the jets collided with each other at a position away from immediately below the slag tap as shown in FIG. In this case, it was found that the slag tap can be kept warm with a smaller amount of gas than the case where the jet collides directly under the slag tap as shown in FIG.

  In the present invention, as another embodiment, the nozzle or burner for ejecting the oxygen-containing gas is installed such that the installation angle is variable in the range from 0 ° to 45 ° above the horizontal direction. suggest. In this case, a gas jet containing oxygen from the nozzle or burner is supplied in the horizontal direction or in the direction of the slag tap in a range where the slag tap is not directly hit. The reason why the jet of oxygen-containing gas is prevented from directly hitting the slag tap is that there is a risk of melting of the lower surface of the slag tap and scattering of the molten slag.

  The quenching section can be provided with an emergency nozzle. The emergency is, for example, a case where the flow rate of the product gas flowing down the slag tap is reduced due to a decrease in the flow velocity of the swirling flow in the gasification section. It is desirable that the emergency nozzle be configured so that it can be inserted into and withdrawn from the quenching section so that it can be inserted into the quenching section only during use. Moreover, it is desirable to supply a gas containing oxygen or a part of gasifier-produced gas from the emergency nozzle.

  Hereinafter, the case where this invention is applied to a coal gasification furnace is demonstrated using drawing.

  In this embodiment, an existing auxiliary burner is used, the fuel is not used, and the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap is locally heated with a small amount of gas, which is excellent in energy efficiency.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a gasification furnace in which a heating burner is installed in a quenching section to keep slag taps warm. An upper stage burner 6 and a lower stage burner 7 are attached to the gasification unit 2, and coal, nitrogen, and oxygen are introduced from each burner in the tangential direction of the cylindrical gasification furnace to form a swirling flow. The input coal is gasified in the gasification unit 2 to become a product gas 8 mainly composed of CO and H ₂ , and descends while turning in the gasification unit 2. Due to the influence of the swirling flow in the gasification unit 2, the pressure distribution in the gasification unit 2 and the slag tap 3 is high on the outside and low on the center side.

  The flow of the product gas 8 that descends is reversed by the slag tap 3 installed on the bottom surface of the gasification unit 2, and rises in the center of the gasification unit 2. On the other hand, a part of the product gas 8 descends the slag tap 3 and flows into the quench part 4 immediately below. The product gas that descends the slag tap is referred to as the descending product gas 9.

  A heating burner 10 is installed in the quench unit 4. The heating burner 10 plays a role of heating the lower part of the slag tap 3 and the gasification unit 2 by supplying light oil, oxygen and nitrogen as an auxiliary combustion burner when starting and stopping or operating the gasification furnace 1 with a low load. Have. When the gasification furnace 1 is operated at a predetermined load or higher, auxiliary gas such as light oil is not supplied from the heating burner 10 but only gas 11 containing oxygen is supplied. Here, the gas 11 containing oxygen is, for example, a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen or air enriched with oxygen.

The jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen input from the heating burner 10 travels straight and collides with the wall on the opposite side of the quench unit 4 to form an upward flow toward the slag tap 3. Accordingly, the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap is mixed with the gas 11 containing oxygen and burned in the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap 3. This is because the descending product gas 9 has a high temperature and contains combustible components such as CO and H ₂ .

  The heating method of the slag tap and the role of the slag tap 3 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 showing the gas flow state in the vicinity of the slag tap.

  The main role of the slag tap 3 is to separate and discharge the molten slag from the high-temperature product gas 8 in the gasification unit 2 and supply the molten slag to the cooling water in the water tank 5. Since there is a very large temperature difference between the gasification unit 2 reaching 1500 ° C. or higher and the cooling water in the water tank 5, the quench unit 4 is used as a buffer space for maintaining the gasification unit 2 and the slag tap 3 at a high temperature. Provide.

  In order to continuously flow molten slag from the slag tap 3, the lower surface of the slag tap 3, particularly the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51, is heated, and the molten slag is prevented from scattering into the quench unit 4. Is required. For this reason, it is very preferable to make the shape of the slag tap opening 51 into an oval shape. The oval shape is a general term for a rectangle that is not a square or a perfect circle, and means an ellipse, a rectangle, a rounded rectangle, a saddle shape, or the like.

  Due to the influence of the swirling flow in the gasification unit 2, the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap descends from the outside of the oval slag tap opening 51, that is, from the long side. Further, the molten slag accumulated on the upper surface of the slag tap 3 is also accompanied by the flow of the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap and flows down from the long side of the oval slag tap opening 51. Since the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap has a high temperature, the molten slag flowing down the slag tap 3 can be kept warm.

  Next, in the quench unit 4, the molten slag is dropped by gravity on the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51. Here, it is necessary to heat the molten slag and prevent adhesion and solidification to the side wall in the quench portion 4 due to scattering of the molten slag. By using the oval slag tap opening 51, the kinetic energy in the swirling direction of the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap is attenuated. This is because the velocity vector in the turning direction collides with the inner wall of the slag tap opening 51. Thereby, in the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51, the molten slag can be prevented from being scattered in the quench part 4 by being shaken by the generated gas 49 flowing into the quench part.

On the other hand, the generated gas 49 that has flowed into the quenching part is not diffused into the quenching part 4 because the kinetic energy in the swirling direction is attenuated, and tends to stay near the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51. Since the generated gas 49 contains a combustible component such as CO and H _{2, the} gas 11 containing oxygen is supplied to the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51, so that the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51 is locally supplied. Can be heated. Combustion gas generated from the product gas 49 and the gas 11 containing oxygen becomes a combustion gas 50 that raises the slag tap, rises in the center of the slag tap opening 51, and together with the product gas 8 of the gasification unit , Discharged from the furnace to the downstream system.

  As described above, by using the slag tap 3 having an oval-shaped opening, slag scattering to the quench part 4 can be suppressed, and the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51 can be locally heated.

  However, in order to realize the above method, it is indispensable to slowly supply the gas 11 containing oxygen to be input to the quenching section 4 immediately below the slag tap opening 51 as in the present embodiment. The reason is the following two points.

  The first point is not to disturb the flow state of the product gas and the molten slag immediately below the slag tap opening 51, and the second point is to reduce the in-house power by reducing the flow rate of the gas 11 containing oxygen as much as possible. That is.

  That is, the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen does not directly hit the slag tap opening 51, but collides with the opposing wall surface to form an upward flow toward the lower surface of the slag tap 3. As a result, the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen is attenuated, and is slowly mixed with the product gas 49 that has flowed into the quenching portion in the vicinity immediately below the slag tap opening 51, and the scattering of the molten slag is also suppressed.

  Moreover, since the direction of the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen is made parallel to the slag tap 3, the surrounding gas is accompanied by the shearing force acting between its own kinetic energy and the surrounding gas. The pressure immediately below 3 drops. Thereby, the flow of the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap 3 is promoted.

  When the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen is directly struck to the slag tap opening 51, the molten slag is not only scattered into the quench part 4 but also flows into the quench part by the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen. The generated gas 49 is also disturbed and diffuses into the quench unit 4. Thereby, since the region to be ignited by the introduction of the gas 11 containing oxygen increases, the flow rate of the gas 11 containing oxygen necessary for heating near the lower surface of the slag tap opening 51 increases.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the descending product gas 9 is lowered from the slag tap 3 to the quenching unit 4 using the swirl flow generated in the gasification unit 2 has been described. Here, in order to lower the descending product gas 9 from the slag tap 3 to the quenching unit 4, it is important to increase the pressure on the outer peripheral side of the gasification unit 2 to generate a pressure difference with the quenching unit 4. . Therefore, the present invention is established if there is a means for generating a pressure difference between the gasification unit 2 and the quenching unit 4. Examples of means for generating a pressure difference by a method other than the swirling flow include the following methods.

  (1) With the lower burner 7 at the bottom of the gasification unit 2 facing downward, a flow penetrating from the slag tap 3 to the quench unit 4 is formed by the kinetic energy of coal and gas input from the burner.

  (2) The internal gas is sucked from the nozzle installed in the quench unit 4. Thereby, the pressure in the quench part 4 is made lower than that in the gasification part 2, and the descending of the descending product gas 9 from the gasification part 2 is promoted.

  A present Example demonstrates the case where a several heating burner is made to oppose a quench part for slag tap heat insulation. FIG. 3 shows a gasification furnace of this embodiment.

An upper burner 6 and a lower burner 7 are attached to the gasification unit 2, and coal, nitrogen, and oxygen are introduced from each burner in a tangential direction. The input coal is gasified in the gasification unit 2 to become a product gas 8 mainly composed of CO and H ₂ and descends while swirling in the gasification unit 2.

  The flow of the product gas 8 that descends is reversed by the slag tap 3 installed on the bottom surface of the gasification unit 2, and rises in the center of the gasification unit 2. On the other hand, part of the product gas 8 descends the slag tap 3 and flows into the quenching section 4 immediately below the slag tap 3. Due to the influence of the swirling flow in the gasification unit 2, the pressure distribution in the gasification unit 2 and the slag tap 3 is high on the outside and low on the center side.

  Accordingly, the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap descends outside the slag tap 3. Since the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap is high temperature, the molten slag flowing down the slag tap 3 is kept warm.

  In the quench unit 4, a heating burner 10 and a heating burner 12 are installed horizontally and facing each other. Both of the two heating burners are charged with light oil, oxygen, and nitrogen as auxiliary burners when starting and stopping or when the gasification furnace 1 is operated at a low load. Has the role of heating. On the other hand, when the gasification furnace 1 is operated at a predetermined load or more, gas containing oxygen is introduced from the two heating burners. Here, the gas containing oxygen is, for example, a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen.

  The jets of the gas 11 containing oxygen introduced from the heating burner 10 and the gas 13 containing oxygen introduced from the heating burner 12 collide with each other in the quench section 4 and become a slow upward flow toward the slag tap 3. .

The gas 14 containing oxygen rising in the slag tap direction is mixed with the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap 3 and burned in the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap 3. This is because the descending product gas 9 has a high temperature and includes combustible components such as CO and H ₂ .

  The combustion gas by the gas 14 containing oxygen and the descending product gas 9 rises in the center side of the slag tap 3, mixes with the product gas 8 in the gasification unit 2, and rises in the center of the gasification unit 2. .

  According to the present embodiment, the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap can be locally heated with a small amount of gas using an existing auxiliary burner and without using fuel. Thereby, it is excellent in energy efficiency and the stable flow of the molten slag in the slag tap 3 is implement | achieved.

  In this embodiment, a combined coal gasification combined power generation process will be described. In this process, the gasification furnace having the structure of Example 2 was used, and a part of the generated gas generated in the gasification furnace could be supplied from the heating burner together with the gas containing oxygen. FIG. 4 shows a coal gasification combined power generation process flow of this embodiment.

First, the process flow of coal gasification combined cycle power generation will be described. The organic substance thrown into the gasification unit 2 is gasified to become a product gas 8 mainly composed of CO and H ₂ . The product gas 8 is cooled from the top of the gasification furnace 1 through the heat recovery unit 15, dedusted by the dust removing device 16, and chlorine is removed by the chlorine removing device 17. Further, desulfurization is performed by the desulfurization apparatus 18 to remove impurities in the product gas 8.

  The product gas that has exited the desulfurizer 18 is supplied to the combustor 21 as a product gas 20 for power generation. In the combustor 21, air from the compressor 22 is supplied, and mixed and burned with the generated gas 20 for power generation. The exhaust gas from the combustor 21 drives the gas turbine 23, is cooled by the boiler 25, and is discharged out of the system from the chimney 27. Here, in the boiler 25, the steam 26 is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas, and the steam turbine 24 is driven.

On the other hand, the desulfurization device 18 collects the sulfur content as gypsum, but also exhausts the exhaust gas 19 containing a small amount of sulfur content (H ₂ S or the like). The exhaust gas 19 is completely burned by the combustor 52 and then supplied to the chimney 27.

  In the coal gasification combined power generation process, the gasification furnace 1 is operated in a pressurized state. In this case, the air 46 is pressurized by the compressor 22 driven by the gas turbine 23, the oxygen 30 and the nitrogen 31 are taken out by the air separation equipment 29, and supplied to the gasifier 1 by an independent system. From this system, oxygen 30 and nitrogen 31 are supplied to the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12 installed in the quench unit 4.

  Here, as an emergency, the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12 may be provided with a system for supplying a part of the generated gas from the desulfurization device 18 as the generated gas 28 for supplying the heated burner. . The method of using this system will be described below.

  In the slag tap 3, when the area of the slag tap hole is reduced by cooling and solidifying the molten slag, the flow rate of the descending product gas 9 that descends the slag tap from the gasification unit 2 generally decreases. This is because, as described in the second embodiment, the pressure outside the gasification unit 2 is high due to the swirling flow, so that the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap flows from the outside of the slag tap 3. .

  In this case, the lower surface of the slag tap 3 cannot be kept warm even if the flow rate of the oxygen 30 introduced from the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12 in the quenching section is increased. This is because the flow rate of the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap is reduced, so that the combustible amount in the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap 3 in the quench unit 4 is small.

  In order to keep the bottom surface of the slag tap 3 warm, it is necessary to add an additional combustible component. Therefore, the product gas 28 for supplying the heating burner is used. The product gas 28 for supplying the heating burner is supplied at 300 ° C. or less, and is accompanied by the gas 11 containing oxygen supplied from the heating burner and the gas 13 containing oxygen supplied from the heating burner 12, and is a quench unit. Collide and mix within 4. The gas 14 containing oxygen rising in the slag tap direction rises directly below the slag tap 3 along with the combusted product gas 28 for supplying the heating burner. Due to the heat transfer from the upper gasification unit 2, the temperature in the quench unit 4 increases as it approaches the slag tap 3. Thereby, since the product gas 28 for supplying the heating burner burns near the lower surface of the slag tap 3, the slag tap can be kept warm without using fuel.

  When the product gas 28 for supplying the heating burner is used, the plant efficiency is lowered. Therefore, during a steady operation, an operation method in which only the oxygen 30 and nitrogen 31 are supplied from the heating burner to keep the lower surface of the slag tap 3 warm is preferable. In an emergency such as when the holes of the slag tap 3 tend to be closed due to cooling and solidification of the molten slag, or when the adhered slag under the slag tap 3 is burned out, the generated gas 28 for supplying the heating burner may be used.

  Another embodiment of the combined coal gasification combined power generation process will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, oxygen-enriched air and a part of the product gas generated in the gasification furnace can be supplied from the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12.

  In the combined coal gasification combined power generation process shown in FIG. 5, the air 46 is pressurized by the compressor 22 and supplied to the system of the air 47 supplied to the heating burner and the air separation equipment 29. In the compressor 22, the pressure of the air 46 can be increased only up to about 2 MPa. Therefore, when the pressure of the air 46 is increased to 2 MPa or more, a booster 48 is additionally provided.

  In the air separation equipment 29, oxygen 30 is taken out and mixed with the system of air 47 supplied to the heating burner. Thereby, the air 47 supplied to the heating burner can be enriched with oxygen.

  In this embodiment, the gasification facility in which the air 47 supplied to the heating burner is extracted by the compressor 22 driven by the power of the gas turbine 23 has been described. However, the air 47 supplied to the heating burner may be extracted not from the compressor 22 but from a new compressor that is operated separately from the gas turbine 23.

  Moreover, although the gasification installation using the air separation installation 29 was demonstrated as an oxygen production apparatus in the present Example, oxygen supplied from the cylinder etc. may be used.

  A present Example demonstrates the case where the heating burner installed in the quenching part of a gasification furnace is installed at an angle upward from the horizontal. FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the gasification furnace of this example.

  In FIG. 6, a heating burner 10 and a heating burner 12 are installed in the quench unit 4 so as to face each other upward with respect to the horizontal. The installation angle of the burner with respect to the horizontal is preferably about 0 to 45 degrees. This is because the jets from both burners collide directly under the slag tap 3.

  When the gasification furnace 1 is operated at a predetermined load or more, gas containing oxygen is introduced from the two heating burners. Here, the gas containing oxygen is, for example, a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen.

  The jets of the gas 11 containing oxygen introduced from the heating burner 10 and the gas 13 containing oxygen introduced from the heating burner 12 collide immediately below the slag tap 3 and are attenuated to form a slow upward flow. Head to tap 3.

  If the jet of the heating burner is caused to collide directly under the slag tap 3 as in the present embodiment, the flow directly under the slag tap 3 is disturbed. Thereby, the gas 14 containing oxygen rising in the slag tap direction is easily mixed with the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap in the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap 3. Accordingly, combustion of the descending product gas 9 immediately below the slag tap 3 is promoted, and the amount of oxygen supplied from the heating burner can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which the momentum of the gas introduced into the heating burners installed on the left and right of the quenching section is changed independently to make it non-uniform. FIG. 7 shows the gasification furnace of this example.

  In order to independently change the momentum of the gas supplied to the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12, for example, it is desirable to change the burner caliber left and right, or to independently change the flow rate of the gas supplied from the left and right burners. One of the above may be used, or both may be combined.

  When the gasification furnace 1 is operated at a predetermined load or higher, a gas containing oxygen is supplied from the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12. Here, the gas containing oxygen is, for example, a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen, or oxygen-enriched air.

  In this embodiment, a case will be described in which the momentum of the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen input from the heating burner 10 is stronger than the momentum of the jet of the gas 13 containing oxygen input from the heating burner 12.

  Although the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen input from the heating burner 10 collides with the jet of the gas 13 containing oxygen input from the heating burner 12, the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen enters the vicinity of the wall surface of the quench unit 4 from the strength of its own momentum. It reaches and forms a vortex toward the lower surface of the slag tap 3. Here, since the jet from the heating burner 10 suppresses the collision of the quench unit 4 with the wall surface, this method is also effective for suppressing the vertical dispersion of the jet during the wall surface collision and protecting the wall surface.

The gas 14 containing oxygen that rises in the slag tap direction in a spiral shape is mixed with the descending product gas 9 that descends the slag tap near the lower surface of the slag tap 3 and burns. This is because the descending product gas 9 has a high temperature and includes combustible components such as CO and H ₂ .

  Moreover, since the jet of the gas 11 containing oxygen is accompanied by surrounding gas with its own shearing force when traveling straight, the pressure immediately below the slag tap 3 is reduced. Thereby, the flow of the descending product gas 9 descending the slag tap is promoted.

  This method promotes the flow of product gas into the quenching section 4 by shearing force, promotes mixing of oxygen and product gas introduced from the heating burner directly under the slag tap using vortex flow, protects the wall surface by collision of two opposing jets, etc. From the viewpoint, this is the best method for keeping the bottom surface of the slag tap 3 warm without using fuel.

  A present Example demonstrates the case where two opposing heating nozzles are additionally installed between the heating burners 10 and 12 and the slag tap of a quench part. FIG. 8 shows the gasification furnace of the present embodiment.

  In the quench unit 4, the two heating nozzles 32 and 33 are installed facing each other between the opposed heating burners 10 and 12 and the slag tap 3.

  The gas supplied to the heating burners 10 and 12 and the heating nozzles 32 and 33 is oxygen, nitrogen, and the generated gas 8 generated in the gasification furnace 1. During the steady operation of the gasification furnace 1, only the heating burner 10 and the heating burner 12 may be used, and the heating nozzle 32 and the heating nozzle 33 may be used in an emergency. Hereinafter, the heat retention method of the lower surface of the slag tap 3 using a heating nozzle will be described.

  Here, emergency means that the slag tap descends from the gasification unit 2 due to a decrease in the flow velocity of the swirling flow in the gasification unit 2 or a reduction in the hole area of the slag tap 3 due to cooling and solidification of the molten slag. This is a case where the flow rate of the product gas 9 decreases and the molten slag cannot be discharged stably.

  In this case, the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap is locally heated using the heating nozzles 32 and 33. The heating nozzle 32 and the heating nozzle 33 are inserted into the quenching unit 4, and the tip of the nozzle is installed near the slag tap 3. Only the vicinity of the lower surface of the slag tap 3 is heated by introducing oxygen and the generated gas generated in the gasification section from the heating nozzle 32 and the heating nozzle 33.

  From the viewpoint of protecting the heating nozzles 32 and 33, these nozzles should be inserted into the quenching section 4 only in an emergency, and during normal operation, they should be taken out of the quenching section and paused. .

  A present Example demonstrates a coal gasification power plant in FIG. 9 with reference to FIG. 9 about the coal gasification power plant including the control apparatus of the heating burner in a quench part.

  In the present embodiment, the heat retention state of the slag tap 3 and the flowing-down state of the molten slag are monitored by taking the following five types of data into the control device 40.

  The five types of data are slag tap gas temperature, quench portion gas temperature, slag tap differential pressure, molten slag flow image, and slag weight.

  The gas temperature in the slag tap is measured by the slag tap thermometer 42. Even when the temperature measurement position is buried in the molten slag, a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point of the inorganic substance charged into the gasification unit 2 is maintained.

  The quench portion gas temperature is measured by the quench portion thermometer 43. It is better that the installation position of the thermometer is closer to the lower surface of the hole of the slag tap 3. The temperature of the quenching part thermometer 43 is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point of the inorganic substance introduced into the gasification part 2 so that the molten slag does not adhere and solidify on the lower surface of the slag tap 3.

  It is desirable to provide a plurality of quench portion thermometers 43 and measure not only the temperature of the lower surface of the slag tap but also the gas temperature in the vicinity of the wall surface. By setting the temperature of the quench portion thermometer 43 near the wall surface to be equal to or lower than the softening point of the inorganic substance charged into the gasification portion 2 or below the allowable temperature of the side wall material, Adhesion can be prevented and melting of the furnace wall can be prevented.

  The slag tap differential pressure is measured by measuring the differential pressure between the gasification unit 2 and the quench unit 4 with a differential pressure gauge 44. When the slag tap is closed with molten slag or the like, the differential pressure of the differential pressure gauge 44 increases. Therefore, this differential pressure is kept below a predetermined value.

  An image under the molten slag flow is taken by installing a monitoring camera 45 in the quenching unit 4. An image of the molten slag flowing down in the slag tap 3 or the quenching unit 4 is monitored to monitor whether there is any change from the flowing state of the slag during steady operation.

  The slag weight is measured by the slag weight measuring device 41 by a slag recovery amount per unit time. It is monitored whether or not a predetermined proportion of slag can be recovered with respect to the weight of the inorganic substance charged into the gasification unit 2.

  If abnormalities are detected in any of the above five items during steady operation, the operating conditions of the heating burner are changed according to the following procedure, and oxygen, nitrogen, and gasifier generated in the heating burners 10 and 12 are generated. The gas flow rate is controlled to promote the heating of the lower surface of the lug tap 3 and the flow of molten slag. Of the two heating burners, only one of the operating conditions may be changed, or the operating conditions of both may be changed. The control is performed by adjusting the openings of the product gas flow control valves 34 and 35, the oxygen flow control valves 36 and 37, and the nitrogen flow control valves 38 and 39.

  Procedure 1: Increase oxygen 30 and nitrogen 31 flow rates.

  Procedure 2: Only the flow rate of oxygen 30 is increased, and the oxygen concentration of the gas introduced from the heating burner is increased. In this procedure, it is desirable to provide an upper limit for the oxygen concentration of the gas introduced from the heating burner in order to protect the heating burner.

  Procedure 3: Supply the product gas 28 for supplying the heating burner to the heating burner. In this procedure, it is necessary to pay attention to grasping the position of the flame and protecting the side wall of the quench unit 4 and the end face of the heating burner by installing a plurality of quench unit thermometers 43. From the viewpoint of increasing power generation efficiency, it is desirable that this procedure be used only during non-stationary times.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gasification furnace, 2 ... Gasification part, 3 ... Slag tap, 4 ... Quench part, 5 ... Water tank, 6 ... Upper burner, 7 ... Lower burner, 8 ... Product gas, 9 ... Falling product gas, 10 ... Heating Burner, 11 ... gas containing oxygen, 12 ... heating burner, 13 ... gas containing oxygen, 14 ... gas containing oxygen, 15 ... heat recovery section, 16 ... dust removal device, 17 ... chlorine removal device, 18 ... desulfurization device , 19 ... exhaust gas, 20 ... generated gas for power generation, 21 ... combustor, 22 ... compressor, 23 ... gas turbine, 24 ... steam turbine, 25 ... boiler, 26 ... steam, 27 ... chimney, 28 ... heating burner supply Product gas, 29 ... Air separation equipment, 30 ... Oxygen, 31 ... Nitrogen, 32 ... Heating nozzle, 33 ... Heating nozzle, 34 ... Product gas flow control valve, 35 ... Product gas flow control valve, 36 ... Oxygen flow control Valve, 37 ... Oxygen flow control Valve: 38 ... Nitrogen flow rate control valve, 39 ... Nitrogen flow rate control valve, 40 ... Control device, 41 ... Slag weight measuring device, 42 ... Slag tap thermometer, 43 ... Quench thermometer, 44 ... Differential pressure gauge, 45 ... Monitoring Camera, 46 ... Air, 47 ... Air supplied to heating burner, 48 ... Pressure booster, 49 ... Production gas flowing into quenching part, 50 ... Combustion gas rising slag tap, 51 ... Slag tap opening, 52 ... Combustion vessel.

Claims (12)

Gasification part which gasifies organic substance and makes inorganic substance molten slag, and is located at the bottom of the gasification part, and flows down the molten slag together with a part of the generated gas generated by gasification of organic substance in the gasification part In a gasification furnace comprising a slag tap, a quench part at the lower part of the slag tap, and a water tank at the lower part of the quench part,
At least one nozzle or burner is provided at a position directly below the slag tap of the quench section, and a gas jet containing oxygen and not containing fuel is supplied from the nozzle or burner in the horizontal direction. Gasifier to be used.   The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the slag tap has an oval opening.   The gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the nozzles or burners are arranged at equal intervals or substantially equal intervals on the same circumference of the quench portion so that jets from the opposed nozzles or burners collide with each other. The gasification furnace characterized by being comprised.   The gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein the nozzle or the burner is configured to be able to supply a part of a generated gas generated by gasifying an organic substance in the gasification unit. Chemical reactor.   The gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein the momentum of the gas containing oxygen supplied from the nozzle or burner is independently changed.   The gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein an emergency heating nozzle is provided in the quenching section so as to be able to be taken in and out, and a gas containing oxygen or / and a part of the gasification furnace generated gas is supplied from the heating nozzle. A gasification furnace characterized by being supplied. Gasification part which gasifies organic substance and makes inorganic substance molten slag, and is located at the bottom of the gasification part, and flows down the molten slag together with a part of the generated gas generated by gasification of organic substance in the gasification part In a gasification furnace comprising a slag tap having an oval-shaped opening, a quench part at the lower part of the slag tap, and a water tank at the lower part of the quench part,
At least one nozzle or burner is provided at a position immediately below the slag tap of the quench unit, and the installation angle of the nozzle or burner is variable in the range from 0 ° to 45 ° above the horizontal direction. A gasification furnace characterized in that a gas jet containing oxygen and not containing fuel is supplied from the nozzle or burner in a horizontal direction or in a slag tap direction in a range not directly hitting the slag tap.   Gasification furnace for gasifying organic matter and melting slag of inorganic material, heat recovery equipment for generated gas generated in the gasification furnace, dedusting equipment and desulfurization equipment for the generated gas, dedusting and desulfurization treatment A gasification power plant comprising a gas turbine that burns and drives the generated product gas, and a generator and a compressor that are driven by the gas turbine, wherein the gasification furnace is any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7. A gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the air extracted from the compressor is pressurized and supplied to a nozzle or burner installed in the quenching section of the gasification furnace, and the pressurized air is enriched with oxygen. And a system that supplies the nozzle or burner with air extracted from the compressor to an air separation facility to produce oxygen and nitrogen and supply the air to the nozzle or burner. Gasification power plant, characterized in that.   From the gasification furnace in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5, the measuring apparatus which measures the temperature and pressure in the gasification part of the said gasification furnace, the inside of a slag tap, and the quenching part, The said gasification furnace Based on the measuring device for measuring the weight of the collected slag, the photographing device for the slag falling on the quenching portion of the gasification furnace, and the temperature, pressure, slag weight and slag image, the quenching portion of the gasification furnace A gasification apparatus comprising: a control device that independently controls the flow rates of oxygen, nitrogen, and air supplied to an installed nozzle or burner.   The gasification furnace according to claim 4, a measuring device for measuring the temperature and pressure in the gasification section and slag tap and in the quench section of the gasification furnace, and measuring the weight of the slag recovered from the gasification furnace From a measuring device, a photographing device for slag falling on the quenching section of the gasification furnace, and a nozzle or burner installed in the quenching section of the gasification furnace based on the temperature, pressure, slag weight and slag image A gasification apparatus comprising: a control device that independently controls a flow rate of a gasification furnace product gas to be supplied. Gasification part which gasifies organic substance and makes inorganic substance molten slag, and is located at the bottom of the gasification part, and flows down the molten slag together with a part of the generated gas generated by gasification of organic substance in the gasification part In the operation method of the gasification furnace comprising the slag tap, the quenching part at the lower part of the slag tap, and the water tank at the lower part of the quenching part,
A gasification furnace characterized by causing a jet of oxygen-containing gas, which is ejected from a nozzle immediately below the slag tap, to collide with a wall surface of the quenching unit facing the nozzle inside the quenching unit. how to drive. Gasification part which gasifies organic substance and makes inorganic substance molten slag, and is located at the bottom of the gasification part, and flows down the molten slag together with a part of the generated gas generated by gasification of organic substance in the gasification part In the operation method of the gasification furnace comprising the slag tap, the quenching part at the lower part of the slag tap, and the water tank at the lower part of the quenching part,
A plurality of nozzles immediately below the slag tap are jetted so as to collide with a jet of gas containing oxygen and not containing fuel inside the quench section, and the momentum of the jet of gas containing oxygen is made different. To operate the gasifier.

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