AU2005301351B2

AU2005301351B2 - A process for the production of coated paper

Info

Publication number: AU2005301351B2
Application number: AU2005301351A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Kjell Rune Andersson; Joakim Carlen; Erik Lindgren
Original assignee: Akzo Nobel NV
Current assignee: Akzo Nobel NV
Priority date: 2004-11-08
Filing date: 2005-10-13
Publication date: 2011-02-17
Anticipated expiration: 2025-10-13
Also published as: RU2375397C2; AR055816A1; NO20072903L; MY145665A; TW200621903A; EP1809712A1; MY145836A; AR051756A1; BRPI0517264A; KR20070085890A; AU2005301351A1; EP1809711A1; AU2005301349A2; ZA200704420B; WO2006049546A1; BRPI0517262A; RU2007121413A; JP5159312B2; KR100948121B1; EP1809710A1

Description

WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 1 A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COATED PAPER The present invention relates to a process for the production of coated paper or paperboard pigment, paper or paper board obtainable by the process, a novel pigment composition useful therefore and a process for its production. 5 The development of ink-jet printers has led to a demand for paper that is suitable for that purpose. Particularly, there is a demand for paper that is simple to produce but still enables ink-jet printing of high quality. It has been disclosed to use various kinds of coatings to produce paper suitable for ink-jet printing. 10 US Patent Application Publication 2002/0039639 discloses incorporating a water soluble metal salt in an ink receiving layer comprising pigments and a conventional binder. US Patent 4554181 discloses a recording surface including a combination of a water soluble polyvalent metal and a cationic polymer. 15 US Patent Application Publication 2004/0255820 discloses a pigment that is surface treated with a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt. US Patent Application Publication 2005/0106317 discloses a method for preparing an ink-jet recording material comprising the steps of forming at least one porous layer containing silica particles with an average secondary particle size of 500 nm 20 or less, and coating a coating solution for preparing an inorganic particles-containing layer so that a solid content of the coated inorganic particles became 0.33 g/m 2 or less on the porous layer. US Patent 6797347 discloses an ink-jet paper comprising a base paper and a coating thereon, wherein said coating contains an inorganic pigment modified with a 25 positively charged complex and a binder. The positively charged complex contains a polyvalent metal ion and an organic ligand. US Patent Application Publication 2003/0099816 discloses an ink jet-recording material comprising a substrate and a transparent ink-receiving layer comprising a binder and a plurality of particles formed by dispersing amorphous silica particles and applying a 30 strong mechanical stress to divide the particles. Other examples of disclosures relating to coated paper are WO 03/011981, WO 01/53107, WO 01/45956, EP 947349, EP 1120281 EP 1106373 and US 5551975. It is an object of the invention to provide a pigment composition suitable for coating paper or paper board for ink-jet printing and that is simple to produce. 35 It is another object of the invention to provide a coating formulation that is simple to apply on the surface of paper or paper board to make it suitable for ink-jet printing.

-2 It is still another object of the invention to provide a paper or paper board suitable for ink-jet printing that is simple to produce. It has been found that the objects can be achieved by the present invention, one aspect of which concerns a process for the production of coated paper or paperboard 5 comprising a step of applying a pigment composition as a coating to at least one side of a paper or paperboard web, said pigment composition being an aqueous dispersion comprising as pigment particles optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2/g to about 450 m2 /g, and at least one cationic 1o component selected from the group consisting of water soluble aluminium salts and cationic polymers with a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, wherein at least about 0.4 g pigment particles from the pigment composition are applied per m 2 coated side of the paper or paper board web. is According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the production of coated paper or paperboard comprising a step of applying a pigment composition as a coating to at least one side of a paper or paperboard web, said pigment composition being an aqueous dispersion comprising as pigment particles optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal 20 silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2/g, and at least one water soluble aluminium salt and at least one cationic polymer with a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, and being substantially free from or comprising, based on the total amount of pigment particles, less than about 3 wt% of organic coating 25 binders, wherein at least about 0.4 g pigment particles from the pigment composition are applied per m2 coated side of the paper or paper board web. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a pigment composition in the form of an aqueous dispersion comprising as pigment particles optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali 30 metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m2/g to about 450 m 2 /g, and at least one water soluble aluminium salt and at least one cationic polymer having a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, said composition being substantially free from or comprising, based on the total amount of pigment particles, less 35 than about 3 wt% of organic coating binders.

- 2a It has surprisingly been found that good results are achieved with no or only very small amounts of binders conventionally used in paper coating. It is thus preferred that the pigment composition applied to the paper or paper board is substantially free from or 5 comprises, based on the total amount of pigment particles, less than about 3 wt%, preferably less than about 2 wt%, most preferably less than about I wt% of organic coating binders. Such binders include polyvinyl alcohols, optionally modified starches, gums, protein binders (e.g. caseins and soy protein binders), latices and mixtures thereof. Latices can, for example, be based on styrene butadien, acrylates, vinyl acetate, i0 co-polymers of ethylene and vinyl acetates, styrene acrylic esters etc. The pigment particles of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate preferably have a mean diameter from about 0.005 prm to about 25 pm, more preferably from about 0.007 pm to about 15 pm, most preferably from about 0.01 pm to about 10 pm. The particles preferably have a surface area from about 40 m2/g to is about 400 m 2 /g particularly most preferably from about 50 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g. The net surface charge of the pigment particles in the composition is preferably positive, the dispersion thus being regarded as predominantly cationic. The term diameter as used herein refers to the equivalent spherical diameter. Preferred pigment particles are colloidal primary particles of silica, aluminosilicate or a 20 mixture thereof, or porous aggregates formed by aggregation of colloidal primary particles of silica, aluminosilicate or a mixture thereof in an aqueous sol, or a mixture of the above kinds of particles. Colloidal primary particles of silica or aluminosilicate have preferably been formed from an aqueous solution of alkali metal silicate where alkali metal ions are 25 WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 3 removed through an ion exchange process or where the pH of the alkali metal silicate solution has been reduced by the addition of an acid. A process based on ion exchange follows the basic principles described in R.K. ler, "The Chemistry of Silica" 1979, pages 333-334 and results in an aqueous sol comprising colloidal negatively or positively 5 charged particles of silica or aluminosilicate. A process based on pH-reduction of alkali metal silicate follows the basic principles described in e.g. US patents 5176891, 5648055, 5853616, 5482693, 6060523 and 6274112. Particularly preferred sols comprise colloidal primary particles of silica that may or may not be surface modified, for example with a metal oxide such as oxide of 10 aluminium, titanium, chromium, zirconium, boron or any other suitable metal. The surface area of the primary particles is from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g, preferably from about 40 m 2 /g to about 400 m 2 /g most preferably from about 50 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g. The dry content of the aqueous sol of primary particles is preferably from about 0.5 wt% to about 60 wt%, most preferably from about 1 wt% to 15 about 50 wt%. Suitable aqueous sols of colloidal primary particles of silica or aluminosilicate are commercially available, for example under the trademarks LudoxTM, SnowtexTM, BindzilTM, NyacolTM, VinnsilTM or FennosilTM. Unlike a sol formed by dispersing a powder, the colloidal particles in a sol 20 prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction have never been dried to a powder, such as in the case for e.g. precipitated silica, gel-type silica or fumed silica. In the case the particles in the composition are aggregates of colloidal primary particles, the mean particle diameter of these primary particles is preferably from about 5 25 nm to about 125 nm, most preferably from about 7 nm to about 100 nm. The colloidal primary particles are preferably in the form of an aqueous sol as described above. Aggregation of primary particles in a sol to form a dispersion of porous aggregates may be performed with any suitable method, such as those described in R.K. ler, "The Chemistry of Silica" 1979, pages 364-407. The degree of aggregation can be 30 followed by measuring the viscosity and applying the Einstein and Mooney equations (see e.g. R.K. Iler, "The Chemistry of Silica" 1979, pages 360-364). The aggregation may be performed as a separate step or in a mixture also comprising other pigment particles. In one embodiment, an anionic sol (comprising negatively charged colloidal primary particles) and a cationic sol (comprising positively charged colloidal primary 35 particles) are mixed, resulting in the formation of porous aggregates of primary particles from both the sols.

WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 4 In another embodiment a salt, preferably selected from divalent, multivalent or complex salts, is added to an anionic or cationic sol also resulting in the formation of porous aggregates. Examples of salts are aluminium chloride, poly aluminium chloride, poly aluminium silicate sulfate, aluminium sulfate, zirconium carbonates, zirconium 5 acetates, alkali metal borates, and mixtures thereof. In still another embodiment a bridging substance is used to form the aggregates from the primary particles. Examples of suitable bridging substances are synthetic and natural polyelectrolytes such as CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), PAM (polyacrylamides), polyDADMAC (poly diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride), polyallyl amines, polyamines, 10 starch, guar gums, and mixtures thereof. Any combination including one, two or all three of the above aggregation methods can also be employed. Each porous aggregate is formed from at least three primary particles, which inherently gives at least some pores. The mean particle diameter of the aggregates is 15 preferably from about 0.03 to about 25 pm, more preferably from about 0.05 to about 10 pm, most preferably from about 0.1 pm to about 5 pm. It is to be understood that the average diameter of the porous aggregates is always larger than the average diameter of the primary particles they are formed from. The surface area of the aggregates is usually essentially the same as of the primary particles. 20 A water soluble aluminium salt as cationic component in the pigment composition can be any aluminium containing salt and is preferably present in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% most preferably from about 0.2 wt% to about 15 wt%, calculated as wt% A1 2 0 3 on dry pigment particles. Examples of salts include aluminium chloride, poly aluminium chloride, poly aluminium silicate sulfate, aluminium 25 sulfate, zirconium carbonates, zirconium acetates , and mixtures thereof. The aluminium may be present partly or fully on the surface of the particles of silica or aluminosilicate or in the aqueous phase. The entire content of water soluble aluminium salt may originate from what is present in a cationic aluminium modified silica sol used for preparing the pigment 30 composition, it thus being possible to use a pigment composition consisting essentially of a cationic silica sol as a coating. However, the pigment composition may also comprise additional aluminium salt. A cationic polymer as cationic component in the pigment composition has a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000, preferably from about 2000 to about 35 500000, most preferably from about 5000 to about 200000. The charge density is from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, preferably from about 0.3 meq/g to about 10 meq/g, most preferably from about 0.5 meq/g to about 8 meq/g. The cationic polymer is WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 5 preferably present in the pigment dispersion in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt%, more preferably from about 0.5 wt% to about 20 wt%, most preferably from about 1 wt% to about 15 wt%, based on the amount of dry pigment particles. Examples of suitable cationic polymers include syntetic and natural polyelectrolytes such as PAM 5 (polyacrylamides), polyDADMAC (poly diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride), polyallyl amines, polyamines, polysaccharides and mixtures thereof, provided that the molecular weight and charged density fulfil the above requirements. The cationic polymer may be present partly or fully on the surface of the particles of silica or aluminosilicate or in the aqueous phase. 10 A preferred pigment composition comprises both at least one water soluble aluminium salt as described above and at least one cationic polymer as described above. In an embodiment the composition further comprises other kinds of pigment particles such as kaolinites, smectites, talcites, calcium carbonate minerals, precipitated calcium carbonate, precipitated silica, gel-type silica, fumed silica, and mixtures thereof. 15 The content of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g is preferable from about 10 wt% to 100 wt%, most preferable from about 30 wt% to 100 wt% of the total amount of pigment particles. The total content of pigment particles of optionally aggregated colloidal silica or 20 aluminosilicate as described above and optional other pigment particles in the composition is preferably from about 1 wt% to about 60 wt%, most preferably from about 5 wt% to about 50 wt%, particularly most preferably from about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%. The pigment composition may also comprise other additives commonly used for paper coating such as stabilisers, rheology modifiers, optical brighteners, lubricants, 25 insolubilizers, dyes, sizing agents etc, as well as various impurities from the raw materials. The dry content of the pigment composition is preferably from about 2 wt% to about 75 wt%, most preferably from about 10 wt% to about 70 wt%. The total amount of other additives and possible impurities is preferably from 0 to about 50 wt%, most preferably from 0 to about 30 wt%, based on the dry content. 30 A pigment composition as described above is preferably storage stable for at least one week, most preferably at least one month. The composition may be used directly for coating paper or paperboard or form an intermediate product for preparing a coating composition. The coating is preferably applied in an amount sufficient to yield from about 0.5 35 g/m 2 to about 40 g/m 2 , most preferably from about I g/m 2 to about 20 g/m 2 of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate with a surface area from about 30 g/m 2 to about 450 g/m 2 and optionally other pigment particles from the pigment WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 6 composition per coated side of the paper or paper board. In most cases the dry amount of coating applied per coated side of the paper or paper board is preferably from about 0.5 g/m 2 to about 50 g/m 2 , most preferably from about 1 g/m 2 to about 25 g/m 2 . The coating is preferably applied to a non-coated side of the paper or paper 5 board but may also be applied on top of a previously applied coating layer with the same or another coating composition. It is preferred not to apply any further coating of other kind on top of the layer formed from the coating as described herein. Applying the coating can be performed either on the paper or board machine or off the paper or board machine. In either case any type of coating methods can be used. 10 Examples of coating methods are blade coating, air knife coating, roll coating, curtain coating, spray coating, size press coating (e.g. film press coating) and cast coating. After applying the coating the paper is dried, which in the case of on machine coating preferably is accomplished in a drying section of the machine. Any means of drying may be used, such as infra red radiation, hot air, heated cylinders or any 15 combination thereof. The term coating as used herein refers to any method in which pigments are applied to the surface of paper or paper board, thus including not only conventional coating but also other methods such as for example pigmenting. The paper and paper board to be coated can be made from any kind of pulp, 20 such as chemical pulp like sulfate, sulfite and organosolve pulps, mechanical pulp like thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP), chemo-thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP), refiner pulp or ground wood pulp, from both hardwood and softwood bleached or unbleached pulp that is based on based on virgin or recycled fibres or any combination thereof. Paper and paper board from any other kind of pulp may also be coated in accordance with the 25 invention. The invention further concerns paper or paper board suitable for ink-jet printing obtainable by a process as described above. Such paper or paper board comprises a substantially transparent or substantially non-transparent layer comprising pigment particles of synthetic amorphous silica or aluminosilicate and optionally other pigment 30 particles from the coating composition, the pigment particles preferably forming a nano structure. The dry amount of coating is preferably from about 0.5 g/m 2 to about 50 g/m 2 most preferably from about 1.0 g/m 2 to about 25 g/m 2 . The amount of pigment particles from the above described pigment composition per coated side of the paper or paper board is preferably from about 0.5 g/m 2 to about 40 g/m 2 , most preferably from about 1 35 g/m 2 to about 20 g/m 2 . Preferably no other kind of coating has been applied on top of this layer.

WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 7 It has been found that the paper or paper board of the invention have particularly good properties for ink-jet printing, giving low line blurriness and mottling and high printing density for colours, but can advantageously also be used for other kinds of printing processes like toner, flexography, letter press, gravure, offset lithography and 5 screen printing. It is a particular advantage that such good properties can be obtained in a simple manner by applying only small amounts of the coating and without the need to apply numerous different coating layers on the paper or paper board. This also enable the coating to be applied with a size press, such as a film press, which for practical reasons is advantageous. Furthermore, the main components of the pigment composition 10 can be made from readily available raw materials. Some pigment compositions useful for the process of the invention are novel. An aspect of the invention thus also concerns a pigment composition in the form of an aqueous dispersion as pigment particles optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and 15 having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g, and at least one cationic polymer having a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, said composition being substantially free from or comprising, based on the total amount of pigment particles, less than about 3 wt%, preferably less than about 2 wt%, most preferably less than about 1 wt% of organic 20 coating binders. Preferably the composition also comprises a water soluble aluminium salt. Organic coating binders include polyvinyl alcohols, optionally modified starches, gums, protein binders (e.g. caseins and soy protein binders), latices and mixtures thereof. Latices can, for example, be based on styrene butadien, acrylates, vinyl acetate, co polymers of ethylene and vinyl acetates, styrene acrylic esters etc. 25 Regarding suitable and preferred amounts and kinds of the components, the above description of the pigment composition in connection with the process for the production of coated paper or paperboard is referred to. The invention further relates to a process for the production of a pigment composition as described above comprising mixing a sol of optionally aggregated 30 colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g with a cationic polymer having a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12meq/g and optionally a water soluble aluminium salt to an aqueous dispersion in a way so substantial gelling or 35 precipitation is avoided. This can be achieved by several alternative process embodiments.

WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 8 One alternative process embodiment comprises a step of adding a sol of colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g to an aqueous solution of a water soluble aluminium salt, followed by adding a cationic polymer as described above. Other components such as other pigment 5 particles may be added at any stage in the form of solids, liquids or dispersions. The silica or aluminium silicate particles are preferably in the form of an aqueous sol of colloidal particles, that may be anionic or cationic. Unless a cationic sol is used, the aluminium salt is preferably in such an excess that it is sufficient for rendering the resulting dispersion predominantly cationic. At least if an anionic sol is used, there may 10 be at least some aggregation of the colloidal particles. Another alternative process comprises a step of adding a sol of colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g to an aqueous solution of a cationic polymer as described above, optionally followed by adding a water soluble aluminium salt. Other components such as other pigment particles 15 may be added at any stage in the form of solids, liquids or dispersions. The silica or aluminium silicate particles are preferably in the form of an aqueous sol of colloidal particles, that may be anionic or cationic. Unless a cationic sol is used, the cationic polymer is preferably in such an excess that it is sufficient for rendering the resulting dispersion predominantly cationic. At least if an anionic sol is used, there may be at least 20 some aggregation of the colloidal particles. Still another process embodiment comprises a step of mixing a cationic aluminium modified aqueous sol of colloidal silica or aluminosilicate with a cationic polymer. Although possible, it is not necessary to add further water soluble aluminium salt apart from what is present in the sol colloidal silica or aluminosilicate. Other components 25 such as other pigment particles may be added at any stage in the form of solids, liquids or dispersions. Regarding suitable and preferred amounts and kinds of the components, the above description of the pigment composition is referred to. The invention will now be further described in following examples. Unless 30 otherwise stated all parts and percentages refer to parts and percent by weight. Example 1: Three pigment compositions were prepared. A) Bindzil T M CAT from Eka Chemicals, a silica sol cationised by incorporation of a polyaluminium salt, having a surface area of about 500 m 2 /g and a concentration of 15 wt% SiO2, used as is in the coating. 35 B) Bindzil

T

M CAT 220 from Eka Chemicals, a silica sol cationised by incorporation of a polyaluminium salt, having a surface area of about 220 m 2 /g and a concentration of WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 9 30 wt% SiO2, was diluted to a concentration of 15 wt% SiO2 prior to the coating application. C) Bindzil T M CAT 80 from Eka Chemicals, a silica sol cationised by incorporation of a polyaluminium salt, having a surface area of about 80 m 2 /g and a concentration of 5 40 wt% SiO2, was diluted to a concentration of 15 wt% SiO2 prior to the coating application. The three pigment compositions were applied on surface of an uncoated copy paper (A4 sized Data Copy from M-real) by a drawdown method with a wired rod as commonly used in laboratory coating tests. No organic coating binder was added. After 10 the coating the paper was dried with an IR-dryer (Hedson Technologies AB, Sweden). The dried sheets of papers were evaluated on three inkjet printers, HP Deskjet T M 5850 from Hewlett-Packard, Epson Stylus TM C86 from Epson and Canon iP 4000. The print result was evaluated using a print picture with seven colour blocs, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue and black. The printed blocs and the unprinted 15 paper were measured with a spectrophotometer (Color Touch 2 from Technidyne) and the colour gamut volume was calculated. The gamut volume is approximated with a dodecahedral in the CEI L*a*b* colour space and the measurements of the colours give the corners in the dodecahedral (see "Rydefalk Staffan, Wedin Michael; Litterature review on the colour Gamut in the Printing Process-Fundamentals, PTF-report no 32, May 20 1997"). The results are shown in the table below: Coating Coat weight Gamut Volume Gamut Volume Gamut Volume Formulation g/m2 HP Epson Canon No Coating - 166731 180995 148408 A 2.9 167334 A 2.9 231137 A 3.2 119070 B 2.5 231803 B 2.3 239903 B 2.6 189439 C 1.2 216299 C 1.5 241026 C 1.3 210213 It appears that the silica sols B and C with low surface gave a significant higher print quality than silica sol A with high surface area. A visual judgement also revealed that the 25 prints of papers form experiments gave good line sharpness and no tendency of colour mottling.

WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 10 Example 2: In this example five pigment composition were evaluated. D) A 15 wt% pigment slurry was prepared by dispersing a kaolin coating clay (SPSTM, Imerys, UK) in water by using intensive mixing in an UltraTurraxTM. E) A 15 wt% pigment slurry was prepared by dispersing a gel-type silica, Sylojet T M 5 P612 from Grace Davison in water by using intensive mixing in an UltraTurraxTM. F) 30 g of BindzilTM 50/80 from Eka Chemicals, an anionic silica sol with a concentration of 50 wt% (SiO2) and a surface area of 80 m 2 /g, was mixed with 15 g of kaolin coating clay (SPSTM) and 55 g water in an UltraTurraxTM. Before use the composition was further diluted to 15 wt% pigment concentration. 10 G) 30 g of BindzilTM 50/80, 15 g of kaolin coating clay (SPSTM) and 31 g water were mixed in an UltraTurraxTM and transferred into a solution containing 6 g of aluminium chlorohydrate ( LocronTM from Clariant, 25 wt% A1 2 0 3 ) and 18 g water under vigorous stirring (UltraTurraxTM). The resulting composition had a pigment concentration of 30 % and was then further diluted to 15 wt%. 15 H) 30 g of BindzilTM 50/80, 15 g of kaolin coating clay (SPSTM) and 31 g water were mixed in an UltraTurraxTMand transferred into a solution containing 3 g of polyDADMAC ( 40 wt%, average molecular weight of about 20 000 and cationic charge density of 7.2 meq/g) and 21 g water under vigorous stirring (UltraTurraxTM). The resulting composition had a pigment concentration of 30 wt% 20 and was then further diluted tol5 wt%. Following the same procedure as in Example 1, the compositions were applied to paper without any organic coating binder and dried and evaluated on three printers. The results are shown in the table below: Coating Coat weight Gamut Volume Gamut Volume Gamut Volume Formulation g/m2 HP Epson Canon D 1.7 132721 D 2.1 192600 D 2.3 146150 E 1.8 259309 E 1.3 246995 E 2.0 230879 F 2.1 168525 F 1.6 199542 F 1.9 162425 G 1.6 189934 G 1.4 224625 WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 11 Coating Coat weight Gamut Volume Gamut Volume Gamut Volume Formulation g/m2 HP Epson Canon G 1.8 192598 H 1.4 197839 H 1.3 218972 H 1.7 143918 It can be seen that compositions G and H containing a cationic component gave an over all better print quality compared to F being a sole blend of silica sol and clay. Although composition E, being a gel-type silica, gave the highest gamut volume, 5 it was, however, noted that the coated layer on this paper as well as the clay coating in from D were very poorly adhered to the paper surface. This resulted in extensive chalking when touching the coated surfaces with the finger tips. It was therefore evident that these two pigment compositions could not give a paper useful for printing unless combined with a coating binder. 10 A dusting test on the non printed coated papers were also conducted. A strip of a low-tack tape, 5 x15 cm was pressed for 1 minute on the coated paper surface and thereafter removed from the paper. The tape was weighted before and after the contact with the paper surface and the weight difference gives the amount of dust removed from the coated layer. 15 The papers with coating C (from example 1), D, E and G were tested. The results are shown in the table below: Paper sample Amount of dust, mg C 0.5 D 2.0 E 5.5 G 0.7 The results show that paper produced from compositions C and G had much lower 20 tendency to dust compared to paper with the conventional pigments D and E when no organic binder coating binder was used. Example 3: In the test an anionic silica sol, BindzilTM 50/80 from Eka Chemicals was used as pigment, a 50 wt% sol with a mean particle size of 40 nm. Two formulations were prepared without any PVA-binder. 25 I) BindzilTM 50/80 diluted to 30 wt%. J) 6 g LocronTM was diluted with 20 g water and 60 g of BindzilTM 50/80 was added under vigorous mixing (UltraTurrax T M ). The mixing continued during the addition of WO 2006/049547 PCT/SE2005/001524 12 3 g polyDADMAC (same as in example 1) and 11 g water. The final concentration of silica became 30 wt%. Following the same procedure as in Example 1, the coatings were applied to paper and dried (coat weight 8-9 g/m 2 ) and evaluated on the Epson and HP-printers. The 5 results are shown in the table below: Coating Gamut Volume Epson Gamut Volume Formulation HP 262220 229017 J 260601 261672 It appears that although coating formulation I gave a slightly better gamut volume on Epson, formulation J was significantly better on HP and therefore can be considered as 10 giving best over-all result. A visual judgement also revealed good line sharpness and no tendency of colour mottling. Example 4: Four coating formulations were prepared. A pigment composition of equal parts (dry/dry) of anionic silica sol, Bindzi T M 50/80 and kaolin a coating clay (SPSTM, Imerys, UK) were used in all formulations. As in Example 3 no external binder 15 such as PVA was used in any of the formulations. K) BindzilTM 50/80, SPSTM clay and water were mixed in UltraTurraxTM to a pigment concentration of 30 wt%. L) A pigment slurry containing 15 g Bindzi T M (as dry) and 15 g SPS clay was added to a water solution containing 6 g LocronTM (as is) under UltraTurraxTM mixing and 20 the final pigment concentration became 30 wt %. M) 3 g polyDADMAC (same as in example 1) was diluted with water and added to a pigment slurry containing 15 g of Bindzil T M (as dry) and 15 g SPS TM clay under Ultra- TurraxTM mixing to a pigment solids of 30 wt %. N) A pigment slurry was mixed with LocronTM solution as in A. The UltraTurrax 25 mixing continued and 3 g polyDADMAC (same as in Example 1) was diluted with water and added to a Locron treated pigment slurry to obtain a final pigment content of 30 wt%. Following the same procedure as in Example 3, the coatings were applied to paper and dried (coat weight 8-9 g/m 2 ) and evaluated on two printers. The results are 30 shown in the table below: -13 Coating Gamut Volume Epson Gamut Volume Formulation HP No coating 178288 163247 K 233379 177191 5 L 253114 201548 M 233987 208773 N 268608 211090 It appears that the over-all best printing results are obtained with the compositions containing an aluminium salt or/and a low cationic molecular weight polymer ( L, M and N). In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except 15 where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. 20 It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. N:\Mclboume\Cases\Patent\71000-7l999\P7]813 AU\Specis\P71813 AU Specification 2007-5-22.doc 22/05/07

Claims

1. A process for the production of coated paper or paperboard comprising a step of applying a pigment composition as a coating to at least one side of a paper or paperboard web, said pigment composition being an aqueous dispersion comprising as s pigment particles optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g, and at least one water soluble aluminium salt and at least one cationic polymer with a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, and being 1o substantially free from or comprising, based on the total amount of pigment particles, less than about 3 wt% of organic coating binders, wherein at least about 0.4 g pigment particles from the pigment composition are applied per m 2 coated side of the paper or paper board web.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pigment composition applied 15 to the paper or paper board is substantially free from organic coating binders.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the pigment particles of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate have a mean diameter from about 0.005 pm to about 25 ptm.

4. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the pigment 20 composition comprises at least one water soluble aluminium salt in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt%, calculated as wt% A1 2 0 3 on dry pigment particles.

5. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one water soluble aluminium salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminium chloride, poly aluminium chloride, poly aluminium silicate sulfate, aluminium sulfate, and 25 mixtures thereof.

6. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the pigment composition comprises at least one cationic polymer with a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt%, based on the amount of dry pigment 30 particles.

7. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pigment composition comprises at least one cationic polymer with a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the amount of dry pigment particles. - 15

8. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the at least one cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of PAM (polyacrylamides), polyDADMAC (poly diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride), polyallyl amines, polyamines, polysaccharides and mixtures thereof. 5

-9. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the net surface charge of the pigment particles in the composition is positive.

10. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the pigment composition further comprises other kinds of pigment particles.

11. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the other kinds of pigment to particles are selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, smectites, talcites, calcium carbonate minerals, precipitated calcium carbonate, precipitated silica, gel-type silica, fumed silica, and mixtures thereof.

12. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-1l, wherein the total content of pigment particles of optionally aggregated colloidal silica or aluminosilicate and optional is other pigment particles in the composition is from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

13. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-12, wherein the content of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g in the composition is from about 30 wt% to 100 wt% of the total 20 amount of pigment particles in the composition.

14. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1-13, wherein the coating is applied to a non-coated side of the paper or paper board.

15. The process as claimed in any one of the claims 1-14, wherein no further coating of other kind is applied on top of the layer formed from the coating applied 25 according to any one of claims 1-14.

16. A paper or paper board obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1-15.

17. A pigment composition in the form of an aqueous dispersion comprising as pigment particles optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate 30 prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g, and at least one water soluble aluminium salt and at least one cationic polymer having a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g, said composition being substantially free from or comprising, based on the total amount of pigment 35 particles, less than about 3 wt% of organic coating binders. - 16

18. The pigment composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein said composition is substantially free from organic coating binders.

19. The pigment composition as claimed in claim 17 or 18, wherein the pigment composition comprises at least one cationic polymer with a molecular weight from about 5 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the amount of dry pigment particles.

20. The pigment composition as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the total content of pigment particles of optionally aggregated colloidal silica or aluminosilicate and optional other pigment particles in the composition is from about 10 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

21. The pigment composition as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the content of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g in the composition is from about 30 wt% to is 100 wt% of the total amount of pigment particles in the composition.

22. A process for the production of a pigment composition according to any one of claims 17 to 21 comprising mixing a sol of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal silicate by ion exchange or pH reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m 2 /g with a cationic 20 polymer having a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 12 meq/g to an aqueous dispersion in a way so substantial gelling or precipitation is avoided.

23. The process as claimed in claim 22, wherein the amount of cationic polymer with a molecular weight from about 2000 to about 1000000 and a charge density from 0.2 25 meq/g to about 12 meq/g is in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the amount of dry pigment particles, the total amount of pigment particles of optionally aggregated colloidal silica or aluminosilicate and optional other pigment particles in the composition is from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt% and the amount of optionally aggregated colloidal particles of silica or aluminosilicate prepared from alkali metal 30 silicate by ion exchange or pH-reduction and having a surface area from about 30 m 2 /g to about 450 m2/g in the composition is from about 30 wt% to 100 wt% of the total amount of pigment particles in the composition.

24. A pigment composition obtained by the process according to claim 22 or 23.

25. A process for the production of coated paper or paperboard as defined in 35 claim I or a pigment composition as defined in claim 17, which process or pigment - 17 composition is substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples I to 4, but excluding any comparative examples therein. Dated 14 January, 2011 Akzo Nobel N.V. 5 Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON & FERGUSON