AU2002211434B2 - System and method for battery charging - Google Patents
System and method for battery charging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2002211434B2 AU2002211434B2 AU2002211434A AU2002211434A AU2002211434B2 AU 2002211434 B2 AU2002211434 B2 AU 2002211434B2 AU 2002211434 A AU2002211434 A AU 2002211434A AU 2002211434 A AU2002211434 A AU 2002211434A AU 2002211434 B2 AU2002211434 B2 AU 2002211434B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- charging
- charge
- voltage
- overcharge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 142
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N gamma-cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 116
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 4
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000000736 Amomum maximum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
- H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2001/031141 WO2003030331A1 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2001-10-03 | System and method for battery charging |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2002211434A1 AU2002211434A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
| AU2002211434B2 true AU2002211434B2 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
Family
ID=21742894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002211434A Ceased AU2002211434B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2001-10-03 | System and method for battery charging |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7129675B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1451915A4 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2005505118A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100600619B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1559098A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2002211434B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2462029C (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04003146A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO20041373L (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2003030331A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (57)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070075678A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2007-04-05 | Andrew Sung On Ng | Life cycle extending batteries and battery charging means, method and apparatus |
| US7772852B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-08-10 | C & C Power, Inc. | Battery string performance measurement |
| US7444192B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2008-10-28 | Aerovironment, Inc. | Reactive replenishable device management |
| US7519510B2 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2009-04-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Derivative performance counter mechanism |
| US7429436B2 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-09-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method for determining state of charge of lead-acid batteries of various specific gravities |
| AT503204B1 (de) * | 2006-02-02 | 2008-05-15 | Wieger Martin Dipl Ing | Verfahren und anordnung zur veränderung des lade- und gesundheitszustandes (soc, soh) eines akkumulators |
| US7589491B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-09-15 | Trojan Battery Company | Temperature compensation in recharging of batteries |
| FR2898985B1 (fr) * | 2006-03-27 | 2008-06-20 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede et systeme de determination de l'etat de sante de moyens de stockage d'energie electrique. |
| KR100804697B1 (ko) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 배터리 관리 시스템 및 그의 구동 방법 |
| FR2908243B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-06 | 2009-02-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de gestion de charge d'une batterie rechargeable |
| US20080164849A1 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2008-07-10 | Cobasys Llc | Charging regime at any state of charge using the first derivative of temperature and the first and second derivative of voltage with respect to time |
| JP2008204810A (ja) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Toshiba Corp | 非水電解質二次電池の充電方法および充電装置 |
| US7714736B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-05-11 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Adaptive filter algorithm for estimating battery state-of-age |
| RU2471276C2 (ru) * | 2008-01-14 | 2012-12-27 | Тойота Дзидося Кабусики Кайся | Способ зарядки литий-ионного аккумуляторного элемента и гибридное транспортное средство |
| DE102008023659A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Industrie Automation Energiesysteme Ag | Batterieladeverfahren |
| EP2209178A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-21 | TecMate (International) | Diagnostic charger for LEAD-ACID batteries |
| CN102365783A (zh) * | 2009-05-28 | 2012-02-29 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 铅蓄电池的充电控制方法、充电控制电路、电源装置及铅蓄电池 |
| CN101593855B (zh) * | 2009-07-02 | 2010-12-01 | 马贵龙 | 采用微电脑控制的铅酸电池充电方法 |
| US8922329B2 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2014-12-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Battery charging to extend battery life and improve efficiency |
| US8423238B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2013-04-16 | Thermo King Corporation | Monitoring battery health in an HVAC system |
| US9300015B2 (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2016-03-29 | Dell Products Lp | Systems and methods for monitoring and characterizing information handling system use behavior |
| JP5586348B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-02 | 2014-09-10 | ラピスセミコンダクタ株式会社 | 充電装置、充電制御装置、電圧監視装置、ａｄ変換装置、基準電圧回路の自己診断方法 |
| KR101004762B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-19 | 2011-01-04 | 주식회사 네이스코 | 배터리 복원장치 및 방법 |
| CN102013534B (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2013-05-08 | 江西省电力科学研究院 | 一种基于正极保护的阀控式铅酸蓄电池容量激活液 |
| FR2974946B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-04 | 2013-06-14 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Dispositif de regeneration d'une batterie |
| KR101258556B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-05-02 | (주)스페이스링크 | 실시간 진단기능을 구비한 배터리 복원시스템 및 구동방법 |
| DE102012200414A1 (de) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu einer Bestimmung eines Ladezustands eines elektrischen Energiespeichers |
| EP2629352A1 (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-21 | Oxis Energy Limited | Reinforced metal foil electrode |
| CN102621496A (zh) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-08-01 | 武汉卡特机械制造有限公司 | 检验磷酸铁锂材料能否用于电动汽车电池的方法 |
| WO2013183480A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-12 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 充電率推定方法及び充電率推定装置 |
| JP6020578B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-26 | 2016-11-02 | 富士通株式会社 | バッテリを含む情報処理装置およびバッテリの充電方法 |
| JP6155830B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-05 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | 状態推定装置、状態推定方法 |
| US20140255752A1 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-11 | Daramic, Llc | Laminated oxidation protected separator |
| PL2784851T3 (pl) * | 2013-03-25 | 2015-12-31 | Oxis Energy Ltd | Sposób ładowania ogniwa litowo-siarkowego |
| DE102014206112A1 (de) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Ladezustands bzw. eines Lade- oder Entladestroms eines Akkumulators |
| HUE042287T2 (hu) | 2014-05-30 | 2019-06-28 | Oxis Energy Ltd | Lítium-kén cella |
| US20160020618A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fast Charge Algorithms for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| EP3017993B1 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2021-04-21 | Volvo Car Corporation | Power and current estimation for batteries |
| SE541171C2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2019-04-23 | Ctek Sweden Ab | A method for operating a battery charger, and a battery charger |
| CN108140868B (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2021-03-23 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 蓄电池组 |
| US10569660B2 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2020-02-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for battery state-of-health monitoring |
| US11811248B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2023-11-07 | C.E. Niehoff & Co. | Vehicle generator using battery charging profiles |
| CN108414944B (zh) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-02-14 | 华霆（合肥）动力技术有限公司 | 衰减检测方法及装置 |
| DE102018212545A1 (de) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-01-30 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Zustands einer Batterie, Überwachungseinrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug |
| US10770914B2 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2020-09-08 | C.E. Niehoff & Co. | Dual control loop for charging of batteries |
| KR102663210B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-11 | 2024-05-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 주정차 시 차량 공조 제어 방법 |
| DE102019209037A1 (de) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektrischen Energiespeichersystems |
| JP7113976B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-08-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 充放電制御装置および充放電制御方法 |
| CN112448054B (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2023-02-17 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 移动终端的充电方法、装置、终端及存储介质 |
| CN110824365A (zh) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-21 | 上海施能电器设备有限公司 | 一种基于Wsa充电曲线电压变化率实现的铅酸蓄电池充足判断方法 |
| KR102710437B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-15 | 2024-09-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 상태 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| FR3112394A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-14 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procédé de détermination d’une fonction de vieillissement d’un accumulateur |
| CN112820961B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-06-21 | 广州奥鹏能源科技有限公司 | 一种储能设备的快速充电方法、装置、系统及存储介质 |
| CN117529866A (zh) * | 2021-06-22 | 2024-02-06 | 源捷公司 | 基于充电历史修改电池充电算法 |
| EP4369552A1 (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-15 | Goodrich Lighting Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Electric aircraft emergency power supply module, aircraft emergency lighting module, and method of charging a power cell of an electric aircraft emergency power supply module |
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| CN120511827B (zh) * | 2025-07-21 | 2025-10-17 | 备倍电科技(深圳)有限公司 | 基于机器学习的智能充电控制方法及系统 |
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- 2001-10-03 WO PCT/US2001/031141 patent/WO2003030331A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-03 CA CA002462029A patent/CA2462029C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-03 CN CNA018236898A patent/CN1559098A/zh active Pending
- 2001-10-03 JP JP2003533412A patent/JP2005505118A/ja active Pending
- 2001-10-03 US US10/491,306 patent/US7129675B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-03 EP EP01979474A patent/EP1451915A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-03 AU AU2002211434A patent/AU2002211434B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-03 KR KR1020047004953A patent/KR100600619B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-03 MX MXPA04003146A patent/MXPA04003146A/es active IP Right Grant
-
2004
- 2004-04-01 NO NO20041373A patent/NO20041373L/no unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2120472A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-11-30 | Svenska Transduktor Ab | Charging batteries |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050017684A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| CA2462029A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| WO2003030331A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| KR100600619B1 (ko) | 2006-07-13 |
| CN1559098A (zh) | 2004-12-29 |
| JP2005505118A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
| NO20041373D0 (no) | 2004-04-01 |
| MXPA04003146A (es) | 2005-01-25 |
| EP1451915A1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
| EP1451915A4 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
| CA2462029C (en) | 2008-03-11 |
| KR20040058193A (ko) | 2004-07-03 |
| US7129675B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
| NO20041373L (no) | 2004-05-03 |
| WO2003030331A9 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
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