ATE525193T1 - Transfervorrichtung und lineares gerät zur herstellung von behältern - Google Patents

Transfervorrichtung und lineares gerät zur herstellung von behältern

Info

Publication number
ATE525193T1
ATE525193T1 AT08736448T AT08736448T ATE525193T1 AT E525193 T1 ATE525193 T1 AT E525193T1 AT 08736448 T AT08736448 T AT 08736448T AT 08736448 T AT08736448 T AT 08736448T AT E525193 T1 ATE525193 T1 AT E525193T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
clamp
elements
transfer device
interact
device includes
Prior art date
Application number
AT08736448T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kheng Joo Ng
Diaz Philippe Freire
Original Assignee
Sidel Participations
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sidel Participations filed Critical Sidel Participations
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE525193T1 publication Critical patent/ATE525193T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42113—Means for manipulating the objects' position or orientation
    • B29C49/42121—Changing the center-center distance
    • B29C49/42122—Adapting to blow-mould cavity center-center distance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42069—Means explicitly adapted for transporting blown article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/74—Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
    • B65G47/90—Devices for picking-up and depositing articles or materials
    • B65G47/901—Devices for picking-up and depositing articles or materials provided with drive systems with rectilinear movements only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/22—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at neck portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/24—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at flange portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/26—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at body portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
    • B29C2949/28—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024—Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3032—Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42073—Grippers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42073—Grippers
    • B29C49/42075—Grippers with pivoting clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42073—Grippers
    • B29C49/42087—Grippers holding outside the neck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
    • B65G2201/02—Articles
    • B65G2201/0235—Containers
    • B65G2201/0244—Bottles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
AT08736448T 2007-04-30 2008-04-22 Transfervorrichtung und lineares gerät zur herstellung von behältern ATE525193T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0754797A FR2915475B1 (fr) 2007-04-30 2007-04-30 Dispositif de transfert et installation de type lineaire pour la fabrication de recipients
PCT/EP2008/054841 WO2008132090A1 (fr) 2007-04-30 2008-04-22 Dispositif de transfert et installation de type lineaire pour la fabrication de recipients

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE525193T1 true ATE525193T1 (de) 2011-10-15

Family

ID=38895843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT08736448T ATE525193T1 (de) 2007-04-30 2008-04-22 Transfervorrichtung und lineares gerät zur herstellung von behältern

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8206144B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2139666B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4965705B2 (de)
CN (1) CN101663150B (de)
AT (1) ATE525193T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2369721T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2915475B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2009009512A (de)
WO (1) WO2008132090A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008019766B3 (de) * 2008-04-18 2009-04-23 Khs Ag Vorrichtung zum Greifen und Halten von PET-Flaschen
FR2972386B1 (fr) 2011-03-08 2014-10-10 Sidel Participations Systeme d'assistance au changement de moule d'unite de moulage d'une machine de fabrication de recipients
FR2972671B1 (fr) * 2011-03-17 2014-07-11 Sidel Participations Dispositif de transfert comportant une pince de prehension perfectionnee
DE102011116883A1 (de) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Khs Corpoplast Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Halterung von Werkstücken
FR2983110A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-31 Sidel Participations Dispositif d'accouplement d'un outil sur un support
US9150366B2 (en) * 2012-08-08 2015-10-06 The Coca-Cola Company Automated dispensing system with magnetic drive device
CN102825376B (zh) * 2012-08-12 2015-04-15 温州天基机器人自动化有限公司 推杆夹具组
ES2524414T3 (es) * 2012-09-10 2014-12-09 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Gmbh & Co Kg Máquina de cierre de cubetas
US8672376B1 (en) * 2012-11-16 2014-03-18 Morrison Container Handling Solutions, Inc. Gripping device
CN103057936B (zh) * 2013-01-08 2015-05-27 上海大学 滤清器输送线上纵向止挡和横向导向的同步调整装置
DE102013200600A1 (de) * 2013-01-16 2014-07-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Übergabe eines Packgutes in einer Verpackungsmaschine
CN105050795B (zh) * 2013-02-18 2017-08-04 帝斯克玛股份有限公司 用于从由连续模具承载的预制件形成容器的机器和方法
JP6016693B2 (ja) * 2013-03-29 2016-10-26 三菱重工食品包装機械株式会社 容器グリッパ
JP5678984B2 (ja) * 2013-04-24 2015-03-04 東洋製罐株式会社 パリソン供給装置及び供給方法
KR101454779B1 (ko) * 2013-05-30 2014-10-27 한국과학기술연구원 백래쉬와 제어 특성을 개선한 그리퍼
JP6313157B2 (ja) * 2014-07-31 2018-04-18 株式会社吉野工業所 ブロー成形装置
US10017368B2 (en) * 2014-11-25 2018-07-10 The Wine Group, Inc. Cap gripper
FR3058404B1 (fr) 2016-11-09 2020-09-18 Sidel Participations Systeme de convoyage d'objets en matiere thermoplastique comportant un corps creux muni d'un col
CN106738800A (zh) * 2017-01-04 2017-05-31 冯伟君 一种吹瓶机的进坯和下料一体装置
CN106697925B (zh) * 2017-02-14 2023-04-14 泉州苗亿自动化机械有限公司 铸件传送机构及其使用方法
TWI630499B (zh) * 2017-03-14 2018-07-21 國立成功大學 撓性夾爪及其設計方法、電腦程式產品、電腦可讀取紀錄媒體
FR3062335B1 (fr) * 2017-07-21 2021-03-19 Sidel Participations Procede de maintenance d'une installation de formage de recipients, incluant une procedure de resynchronisation
CN107738909B (zh) * 2017-08-25 2020-01-14 秦皇岛建德机械有限公司 一种筒形零件上下料装置
CN107804670B (zh) * 2017-11-15 2024-01-26 深圳市诚捷智能装备股份有限公司 物体移动装置用致动连杆机构、物体移动装置及移动方法
DE102017129506A1 (de) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-13 Krones Ag Aktive Klammervorrichtung
BR112020019434B1 (pt) * 2018-03-28 2023-04-25 Transitions Optical, Ltd Veículo de transporte de artigo
CN108820352B (zh) * 2018-05-10 2020-04-10 济南秦鲁药业科技有限公司 一种医学制药用生产固定夹具
FR3090604B1 (fr) * 2018-12-19 2020-11-27 Sidel Participations « Dispositif de convoyage de préformes pour un four et procédé de commande d’un tel dispositif »
EP3947217A4 (de) * 2019-03-29 2022-05-11 Planar Motor Inc. Robotische vorrichtung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung, verwendung und steuerung
US11254015B2 (en) * 2019-09-24 2022-02-22 Thermo Crs Ltd. Multi-axis gripper for lab automation robot
DE102019128335A1 (de) * 2019-10-21 2021-04-22 Khs Corpoplast Gmbh Zangen-System umfassend einen Zangenmodulträger und ein Zangenmodul zur Halterung von Werkstücken
IT202000008479A1 (it) * 2020-04-21 2021-10-21 Kosme Srl Unipersonale Dispositivo di trasporto per il trasporto di contenitori
CN114194713B (zh) * 2021-12-21 2022-12-16 中国科学院自动化研究所 安瓿瓶配液装置、系统
CN114523467B (zh) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-12 北京锦尚盈华装饰设计有限公司 一种侧挂式调节预制构件垂直度的机械手

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3257687A (en) * 1963-03-25 1966-06-28 Ball Brothers Co Inc Apparatus for manufacturing hollow plastic articles
FR2479077A1 (fr) 1980-03-26 1981-10-02 Pont A Mousson Installation de fabrication de corps creux par conditionnement thermique puis soufflage de preformes en matiere plastique
JPH01118711A (ja) * 1987-11-02 1989-05-11 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd ボトル型容器のノズル検査装置
JPH0272930A (ja) * 1988-09-07 1990-03-13 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 合成樹脂製容器製造システム
FR2703944B1 (fr) 1993-04-15 1995-06-23 Sidel Sa Procédé et installation pour le traitement thermique du corps d'une préforme en matériau thermoplastique.
ATE227687T1 (de) * 1996-03-13 2002-11-15 Hermann Kronseder Transportstern für gefässe
FR2766121B1 (fr) 1997-07-18 1999-09-17 Sidel Sa Procede pour la fabrication de recipients steriles, et installation pour la mise en oeuvre
FR2774666B1 (fr) * 1998-02-12 2000-04-07 Sidel Sa Dispositif de transfert pour corps creux possedant un goulot
FR2793722B1 (fr) 1999-05-17 2001-08-03 Sidel Sa Machine de soufflage comportant un mecanisme de fermeture et de verrouillage combines d'une unite de moulage
JP3584975B2 (ja) * 2000-03-28 2004-11-04 東洋ガラス機械株式会社 プリフォーム清掃方法及び装置
FR2841171B1 (fr) * 2002-06-24 2005-03-04 Mapco Pince de retenue d'un objet tel qu'une bouteille ou un recipient similaire
FR2867171B1 (fr) * 2004-03-05 2007-06-08 Sidel Sa Dispositif de convoyage comportant un bras de transfert ameliore
FR2879179B1 (fr) * 2004-12-15 2007-03-16 Sidel Sas Dispositif de transfert d'articles au moyen d'un groupe de modules a ecartement variable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101663150B (zh) 2012-12-12
EP2139666A1 (de) 2010-01-06
US20100151069A1 (en) 2010-06-17
US8206144B2 (en) 2012-06-26
WO2008132090A1 (fr) 2008-11-06
EP2139666B1 (de) 2011-09-21
CN101663150A (zh) 2010-03-03
FR2915475B1 (fr) 2009-07-31
MX2009009512A (es) 2009-09-18
JP2010524737A (ja) 2010-07-22
JP4965705B2 (ja) 2012-07-04
FR2915475A1 (fr) 2008-10-31
ES2369721T3 (es) 2011-12-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE525193T1 (de) Transfervorrichtung und lineares gerät zur herstellung von behältern
ATE426573T1 (de) Greifer fur behalter
ATE530125T1 (de) Endeffektor-verschlusssystem für eine chirurgische klammervorrichtung
BRPI0712215A2 (pt) dispositivo de fermentação para cápsula com mecanismo de fec hamento de razão de transmissão variável
SG131878A1 (en) Fast closing well choke
WO2008145832A3 (fr) Dispositif de verrouillage d'une partie ouvrante de nacelle de turboréacteur par rapport à une partie fixe, et nacelle équipée d'un tel dispositif
WO2013148253A3 (en) Surgical stapling device with lockout system for preventing actuation in the absence of an installed staple cartridge
WO2010012497A8 (de) Türöffner mit sperrventil
TR201904888T4 (tr) Bir mobilyanın kapağına yönelik tahrik düzeneği.
DK2169241T3 (da) Reguleringsapparat
GB2475296B (en) Bypass valve
ATE512112T1 (de) Greifereinrichtung mit einem schrittschaltwerk, insbesondere scherengreifer
NO20072080L (no) Sikkerhetsventil med en enkelt fjaerlukkingsmekanisme
PL2018497T3 (pl) Zawór bramowy
BR112014017951A8 (pt) Dispositivo para o destravamento manual de um mecanismo retentor que pode ser sujeito com uma carga
GB2466409A (en) Latch actuator and latch using same
ITMI20101941A1 (it) Valvola per un serbatoio di gas
EP3564054A3 (de) Verriegelungsmechanismus und offene dachkonstruktion damit
JP2018523032A5 (de)
DK1712124T3 (da) Indretning til at styre færdslen af dyr
WO2010073010A3 (en) Container closure system involving magnetic opening interaction
EP2312096A3 (de) Verriegelungsvorrichtung mit Doppelverriegelung für Fahrzeugstüre
DE602004017415D1 (de) Steuerungs- und Verriegelungssystem, insbesondere für Treibstangenverschluss, zum Öffnen und Schliessen einer Tür
ATE448416T1 (de) Wipphebelaktor mit nachstellvorrichtung
DE502007000970D1 (de) Verschluss für einen Treibstangenbeschlag und Treibstangenbeschlag mit einem solchen Verschluss

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties