ATE415102T1 - Verwendung eines chemisch modifizierten stärkeprodukts - Google Patents
Verwendung eines chemisch modifizierten stärkeproduktsInfo
- Publication number
- ATE415102T1 ATE415102T1 AT05016296T AT05016296T ATE415102T1 AT E415102 T1 ATE415102 T1 AT E415102T1 AT 05016296 T AT05016296 T AT 05016296T AT 05016296 T AT05016296 T AT 05016296T AT E415102 T1 ATE415102 T1 AT E415102T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- chemically modified
- modified starch
- starch product
- glucose
- foods
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 title abstract 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000291 postprandial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/738—Cross-linked polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
- A21D13/062—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content with modified sugar content; Sugar-free products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
- A21D2/186—Starches; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/13—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
- A23L29/219—Chemically modified starch; Reaction or complexation products of starch with other chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
- A23L7/111—Semi-moist pasta, i.e. containing about 20% of moist; Moist packaged or frozen pasta; Pasta fried or pre-fried in a non-aqueous frying medium, e.g. oil; Packaged pasta to be cooked directly in the package
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
- A23L7/126—Snacks or the like obtained by binding, shaping or compacting together cereal grains or cereal pieces, e.g. cereal bars
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
- A23L7/135—Individual or non-extruded flakes, granules or shapes having similar size, e.g. breakfast cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/161—Puffed cereals, e.g. popcorn or puffed rice
- A23L7/165—Preparation of puffed cereals involving preparation of meal or dough as an intermediate step
- A23L7/17—Preparation of puffed cereals involving preparation of meal or dough as an intermediate step by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pediatric Medicine (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US59199704P | 2004-07-29 | 2004-07-29 | |
US59198304P | 2004-07-29 | 2004-07-29 | |
US11/175,456 US20060025381A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2005-07-06 | Use of a chemically modified starch product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE415102T1 true ATE415102T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
Family
ID=35432072
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT05016296T ATE415102T1 (de) | 2004-07-29 | 2005-07-27 | Verwendung eines chemisch modifizierten stärkeprodukts |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060025381A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1629728B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006052218A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE415102T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2513997A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA05008000A (de) |
NO (1) | NO20053667L (de) |
SG (1) | SG119336A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6514250B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2003-02-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Suction stabilized epicardial ablation devices |
GB0325942D0 (en) † | 2003-11-06 | 2003-12-10 | Glycologic Ltd | Compositions and uses thereof |
US20080292773A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2008-11-27 | Ian Lewis Brown | Stable starches for contributing dietary fiber to food compositions |
JP5490350B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-04 | 2014-05-14 | 花王株式会社 | 持久力向上剤 |
JP2008259464A (ja) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-30 | Matsutani Chem Ind Ltd | 腹持ち持続剤及び飲食品 |
PT2294932E (pt) * | 2008-05-07 | 2016-02-03 | Vegenat S A | Mistura de hidratos de carbono e a sua utilização para preparar um produto para nutrição oral ou entérica |
KR20100020128A (ko) * | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-22 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | 식이섬유전분의 제조 및 드레싱/액상 식품으로의 유용성 |
WO2010077635A2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-07-08 | The Ucan Company | Heat moisture treated carbohydrates and uses thereof |
US20100310747A1 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Brunob Ii B.V. | Gluten-Free Bakery Products |
IT1399119B1 (it) * | 2010-04-01 | 2013-04-05 | Iacoponi | Composizione per la preparazione di prodotti alimentari proteici contenenti amido modificato a basso contenuto di carboidrati e relativi prodotti alimentari |
US20140308424A1 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2014-10-16 | Nestec S.A. | Dried pulp preparation from unprocessed raw materials |
JP5555291B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-07-23 | 花王株式会社 | 持久力向上剤 |
RU2662785C2 (ru) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-07-30 | Марс, Инкорпорейтед | Система экструдера и способ |
US20150037485A1 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | Corn Products Development, Inc. | Reduced saturated and total fat content pie crusts |
GB201413832D0 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2014-09-17 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients | Starch compositions useful for thickening aqueous liquids |
US10143224B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-12-04 | Corn Products Development, Inc. | Low protein yogurts containing modified starches |
EP3344050A4 (de) * | 2015-08-31 | 2019-05-01 | Cargill, Incorporated | Käseprodukte mit hinzugefügten modifizierten pyrodextrinen |
USD887666S1 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2020-06-23 | Generale Biscuit | Food bar |
CN107557409A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-09 | 无锡甜丰食品有限公司 | 改性麦芽糊精的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4477480A (en) | 1982-07-06 | 1984-10-16 | General Foods Corporation | Method of preparing a clean flavored cereal starch |
US4465702A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-08-14 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Cold-water-soluble granular starch for gelled food compositions |
US4499116A (en) * | 1983-01-03 | 1985-02-12 | National Starch And Chemical Corporation | Imitation cheese products containing modified starch as partial caseinate replacement and method of preparation |
US4510166A (en) * | 1984-01-19 | 1985-04-09 | National Starch And Chemical Corporation | Converted starches for use as a fat- or oil-replacement in foodstuffs |
US5131953A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1992-07-21 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Continuous coupled jet-cooking/spray-drying process and novel pregelatinized high amylose starches prepared thereby |
US5149799A (en) | 1990-01-26 | 1992-09-22 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Method and apparatus for cooking and spray-drying starch |
US5037929A (en) | 1990-08-22 | 1991-08-06 | Kansas State University Research Found. | Process for the preparation of granular cold water-soluble starch |
US5187272A (en) | 1992-01-21 | 1993-02-16 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Process for preparing non-hydroxypropylated, deflavored, crosslinked, pregelatinized, starch and product |
AU649909B2 (en) | 1992-02-07 | 1994-06-02 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Purification of polysaccharides |
US5725676A (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1998-03-10 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Thermally inhibited starches and flours and process for their production |
US5593503A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-14 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Process for producing amylase resistant granular starch |
EP0749697A1 (de) * | 1995-06-22 | 1996-12-27 | Hercules Incorporated | Beschichtetes Nahrungsmittel |
JPH10279487A (ja) * | 1997-04-01 | 1998-10-20 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 脂質代謝改善剤 |
US5855946A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1999-01-05 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Food grade starch resistant to α-amylase and method of preparing the same |
AUPQ673300A0 (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2000-05-04 | Penford Australia Limited | Starch sub-types and lipid metabolism |
SI1395128T2 (sl) * | 2001-05-31 | 2011-09-30 | Abbott Lab | Kislinsko uravnavan viskozni vlakninski sistem in uporaba le-tega |
US20040043106A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-04 | Anfinsen Jon R. | Methods and systems for determining and controlling glycemic responses |
JP5026657B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-11 | 2012-09-12 | 花王株式会社 | 肥満予防・改善剤 |
-
2005
- 2005-07-06 US US11/175,456 patent/US20060025381A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-27 CA CA002513997A patent/CA2513997A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-27 EP EP05016296A patent/EP1629728B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-07-27 AT AT05016296T patent/ATE415102T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-07-27 MX MXPA05008000A patent/MXPA05008000A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-07-27 SG SG200504641A patent/SG119336A1/en unknown
- 2005-07-28 NO NO20053667A patent/NO20053667L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-28 JP JP2005219149A patent/JP2006052218A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1629728B1 (de) | 2008-11-26 |
CA2513997A1 (en) | 2006-01-29 |
NO20053667D0 (no) | 2005-07-28 |
NO20053667L (no) | 2006-01-25 |
US20060025381A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
EP1629728A1 (de) | 2006-03-01 |
MXPA05008000A (es) | 2006-02-01 |
JP2006052218A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
SG119336A1 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ATE415102T1 (de) | Verwendung eines chemisch modifizierten stärkeprodukts | |
MY140971A (en) | Use of a chemically modified starch product | |
DE602005026456D1 (de) | Verwendung von säuglingsnahrung mit reduziertem proteingehalt | |
ATE398936T1 (de) | Verwendung eines vernetzten stärkeprodukts | |
DK1771178T3 (da) | Anvendelse af K-252A og kinaseinhibitorer til forebyggelse eller behandling af HMGB1-assocuerede patologiske tilstande | |
DE602005022859D1 (de) | Heteroarylbenzamidderivate zur verwendung als glk-aktivatoren bei der behandlung von diabetes | |
DE602006008985D1 (de) | Zusammensetzung enthaltend oligosaccharide als lösliche ballaststoffe zur verwendung gegen muskelschwund | |
WO2004028516A3 (de) | Zusammensetzungen zur hemmung der proteinkinase c alpha zur behandlung von diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskulärer erkrankungen | |
EA201101189A1 (ru) | Ингибитор sglt-2, предназначенный для лечения сахарного диабета типа 1, сахарного диабета типа 2, нарушенной толерантности к глюкозе или гипергликемии | |
ATE430150T1 (de) | 8-ä3-amino-piperidin-1-ylü-xanthine, deren herstellung und deren verwendung als dpp-iv hemmer | |
WO2003080566A3 (en) | Hif hydroxylase inhibitors | |
MY160361A (en) | Nutritional composition with anti-regurgitation properties | |
DE602007001036D1 (de) | Abgepacktes Konzentrat zur Zubereitung von Bouillon, Suppe, Sauce, Tunke oder zur Verwendung als Würze sowie das Konzentrat mit modifizierter Stärke | |
ATE496921T1 (de) | Isoflavonoiddimere | |
ATE463283T1 (de) | Verwendung kationischer stärkederivate zum farberhalt | |
WO2006103568A3 (en) | NEW CLASS OF Ϝδ T CELLS ACTIVATORS AND USE THEREOF | |
ATE523091T1 (de) | Verbessertes schäumen von bier | |
ATE469570T1 (de) | Kreatin enthaltende nahrungsmittelzusammensetzungen | |
WO2004069194A3 (en) | Use of the oxidoreductase ncb50r for diagnosings and treating diabetes | |
ATE527996T1 (de) | Medizinische verwendung von 3-(2,2,2- trimethylhydrazinium)propionat-orotat | |
ATE429154T1 (de) | Verwendung von decalepis hamiltonii in aromazubereitung | |
CR9529A (es) | Anilidas de acido tiazolcarboxilico | |
ATE461246T1 (de) | Wässrige dispersionen von copolymerisaten, ihre herstellung und verwendung | |
WO2007146311A3 (en) | Compositions and methods for protecting newborn lung development with ethyl nitrite | |
ATE550952T1 (de) | Amylase induzierte sensorische wirkung von fettarmen emulsionen mit hydrophobisierter stärke als emulgator |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |