ATE313659T1 - Aldehyd-modifizierte zellulosepulpe für papierprodukte mit hoher festigkeit - Google Patents

Aldehyd-modifizierte zellulosepulpe für papierprodukte mit hoher festigkeit

Info

Publication number
ATE313659T1
ATE313659T1 AT00117283T AT00117283T ATE313659T1 AT E313659 T1 ATE313659 T1 AT E313659T1 AT 00117283 T AT00117283 T AT 00117283T AT 00117283 T AT00117283 T AT 00117283T AT E313659 T1 ATE313659 T1 AT E313659T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
high strength
modified cellulose
paper products
cellulose pulp
strength paper
Prior art date
Application number
AT00117283T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A Levent Cimecioglu
Danielle E Harkins
Original Assignee
Nat Starch Chem Invest
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23482992&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ATE313659(T1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Nat Starch Chem Invest filed Critical Nat Starch Chem Invest
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE313659T1 publication Critical patent/ATE313659T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/22—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
    • D21C9/002—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives
    • D21C9/005—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
    • C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
    • C08B31/18—Oxidised starch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
    • D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D21H21/20—Wet strength agents

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
AT00117283T 1999-08-17 2000-08-17 Aldehyd-modifizierte zellulosepulpe für papierprodukte mit hoher festigkeit ATE313659T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/375,939 US6228126B1 (en) 1999-08-17 1999-08-17 Paper prepared from aldehyde modified cellulose pulp and the method of making the pulp

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE313659T1 true ATE313659T1 (de) 2006-01-15

Family

ID=23482992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT00117283T ATE313659T1 (de) 1999-08-17 2000-08-17 Aldehyd-modifizierte zellulosepulpe für papierprodukte mit hoher festigkeit

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (2) US6228126B1 (de)
EP (2) EP1077285A1 (de)
KR (1) KR20010050109A (de)
AR (1) AR032131A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE313659T1 (de)
AU (2) AU5340800A (de)
BR (1) BR0003644A (de)
DE (1) DE60024936T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2254084T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1077286E (de)
TW (1) TW554122B (de)
ZA (2) ZA200004176B (de)

Families Citing this family (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997036052A2 (en) 1996-03-28 1997-10-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper products having wet strength from aldehyde-functionalized cellulosic fibers and polymers
CZ20012901A3 (cs) * 1999-02-24 2002-01-16 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Vláknité materiály obsahující oxidovanou celulózu a z nich vyrobené produkty
US6379494B1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2002-04-30 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of making carboxylated cellulose fibers and products of the method
IL137887A0 (en) * 1999-08-17 2001-10-31 Nat Starch Chem Invest Polysaccharide aldehydes prepared by oxidation method and used as strength additives in papermaking
US6228126B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2001-05-08 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Paper prepared from aldehyde modified cellulose pulp and the method of making the pulp
US6695950B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2004-02-24 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Aldehyde modified cellulose pulp for the preparation of high strength paper products
DE19953589B4 (de) * 1999-11-08 2005-05-25 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Polysaccharid mit funktionellen Gruppen, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und daraus hergestellte Produkte
US6582559B2 (en) * 2000-05-04 2003-06-24 Sca Hygiene Products Zeist B.V. Aldehyde-containing polymers as wet strength additives
US6749721B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2004-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for incorporating poorly substantive paper modifying agents into a paper sheet via wet end addition
US6821383B2 (en) * 2001-03-28 2004-11-23 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Preparation of modified fluff pulp, fluff pulp products and use thereof
US6919447B2 (en) * 2001-06-06 2005-07-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Hypochlorite free method for preparation of stable carboxylated carbohydrate products
WO2003016278A1 (fr) * 2001-08-21 2003-02-27 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Procede de preparation d'acide piperidin-2-ylacetique
US6824650B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2004-11-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fibrous materials treated with a polyvinylamine polymer
US7214633B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2007-05-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Polyvinylamine treatments to improve dyeing of cellulosic materials
US6793686B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2004-09-21 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Finishing process for cellulosic textiles and the products made therefrom
US6789744B2 (en) * 2002-01-29 2004-09-14 Valeo Electrical Systems, Inc. Fluid heater with a variable mass flow path
US6916402B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2005-07-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for bonding chemical additives on to substrates containing cellulosic materials and products thereof
US7001483B2 (en) * 2003-08-05 2006-02-21 Weyerhaeuser Company Apparatus for making carboxylated pulp fibers
US20050028955A1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2005-02-10 Weyerhaeuser Company Tissue product containing carboxylated cellulosic fibers
US20050028953A1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2005-02-10 Severeid David E. Methods for making carboxylated pulp fibers
US20050028292A1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2005-02-10 Weyerhaeuser Company Methods for making carboxylated cellulosic fibers
US8262850B2 (en) * 2003-09-23 2012-09-11 International Paper Company Chemical activation and refining of southern pine kraft fibers
US7125469B2 (en) * 2003-10-16 2006-10-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Temporary wet strength resins
CN1886427B (zh) 2003-11-28 2012-05-23 伊士曼化工公司 纤维素共聚体和氧化方法
US20050142965A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-06-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Surface charge manipulation for improved fluid intake rates of absorbent composites
GB2417029A (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-15 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Oxidation of hydroxyl groups using nitrosonium ions
US7670459B2 (en) * 2004-12-29 2010-03-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft and durable tissue products containing a softening agent
US7259218B2 (en) * 2005-02-17 2007-08-21 The Procter + Gamble Company Processes for making temporary wet strength additives
EP3862485B1 (de) 2005-05-02 2024-02-28 International Paper Company Lignocellulosematerialien und daraus hergestellte produkte
US20060293709A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-28 Bojarski Raymond A Tissue repair device
US7727945B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2010-06-01 Akzo Nobel N.V. Modified polysaccharides
US9512237B2 (en) 2009-05-28 2016-12-06 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Method for inhibiting the growth of microbes with a modified cellulose fiber
US9511167B2 (en) 2009-05-28 2016-12-06 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Modified cellulose from chemical kraft fiber and methods of making and using the same
US9512563B2 (en) 2009-05-28 2016-12-06 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Surface treated modified cellulose from chemical kraft fiber and methods of making and using same
WO2010138941A2 (en) 2009-05-28 2010-12-02 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Modified cellulose from chemical kraft fiber and methods of making and using the same
WO2010139589A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-09 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Process for producing mechanical pulp
EP2480719A1 (de) * 2009-09-22 2012-08-01 SONOCO Development Inc. Biozidhaltiges kartonmaterial und herstellungsverfahren dafür
WO2011088889A1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Södra Skogsägarna Ekonomisk Förening Process for production of oxidised cellulose pulp
BR112012027210A2 (pt) 2010-05-05 2016-07-26 Basf Se composição de polpa para a produção de papel ou de cartolina, material de papel, papel ou cartolina, processo para produzir papel ou cartolina, e, uso
US8454799B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2013-06-04 Basf Se Pulp composition for paper and solid board production
JP6254078B2 (ja) 2011-05-23 2017-12-27 ゲーペー ツェルローゼ ゲーエムベーハー 白色度および明度が改善された針葉樹クラフト繊維、ならびにそれを作製する方法および使用する方法
RS65454B1 (sr) 2011-08-25 2024-05-31 Solenis Technologies Cayman Lp Metod za povećanje prednosti pomoćnih sredstava za čvrstinu u proizvodnji papira i kartona
BR112014017164A8 (pt) 2012-01-12 2017-07-04 Gp Cellulose Gmbh método para produzir polpa kraft oxidada e fibras kraft de madeira macia
EP3495550A1 (de) 2012-04-18 2019-06-12 GP Cellulose GmbH Verwendung eines tensids zur behandlung von pulpe und zur verbesserung der aufnahme von kraft-pulpe in fasern zur herstellung von viskose und anderen sekundären faserprodukten
PL2954115T3 (pl) 2013-02-08 2022-05-02 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Włókno siarczanowe z drewna iglastego o polepszonej zawartości a-celulozy i jego zastosowanie w wytwarzaniu chemicznych produktów celulozowych
US10138598B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-11-27 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Method of making a highly functional, low viscosity kraft fiber using an acidic bleaching sequence and a fiber made by the process
BR112015020000A2 (pt) 2013-03-15 2017-07-18 Gp Cellulose Gmbh fibra kraft quimicamente modificada e métodos de fabricação da mesma
CA3040734A1 (en) 2016-11-16 2018-05-24 Gp Cellulose Gmbh Modified cellulose from chemical fiber and methods of making and using the same
WO2018175135A1 (en) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 International Paper Company Odor control pulp composition
DE102020101090A1 (de) 2020-01-17 2021-07-22 Technische Universität Darmstadt Verfahren zur Erzeugung von biobasierten Nassfestmitteln für den Einsatz in Papier sowie Verwendung dieser nassfesten Papiere
JP2022191822A (ja) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-28 大日精化工業株式会社 酸化多糖及びその製造方法、並びに酸化多糖分散体

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124503A (en) * 1964-03-10 Formaldehyde pulping
US3133856A (en) * 1960-04-11 1964-05-19 Dow Chemical Co Process for modifying polysaccharides and products thereof
US3632802A (en) 1968-12-06 1972-01-04 Univ Southern Illinois Oxidation of carbohydrates
US4731162A (en) 1984-08-17 1988-03-15 National Starch And Chemical Corporation Polysaccharide derivatives containing aldehyde groups for use as paper additives
US4780339A (en) 1986-07-30 1988-10-25 National Starch And Chemical Corporation Sized glass fibers and method for production thereof
US5334756A (en) 1991-03-26 1994-08-02 Sandoz Ltd. Carboxylate of certain polyoxyalkylene amines
NL194919C (nl) 1993-09-07 2003-07-04 Tno Werkwijze voor het oxideren van koolhydraten.
US5631366A (en) * 1995-01-12 1997-05-20 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Process for making 3-formylcephem derivatives
NL1000495C2 (nl) 1995-06-02 1996-12-03 Avebe Coop Verkoop Prod Geoxideerde polymere koolhydraatethers voor toepassing als sequestreer- middel, alsmede werkwijzen ter bereiding daarvan.
EP0845068B1 (de) * 1995-08-15 2000-03-01 Cairn Holdings (UK) Limited Verbesserungen an oder in beziehung zu fliesen und fussboden-oberflächen
WO1997036052A2 (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper products having wet strength from aldehyde-functionalized cellulosic fibers and polymers
US5698688A (en) 1996-03-28 1997-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Aldehyde-modified cellulosic fibers for paper products having high initial wet strength
AU5348398A (en) 1996-12-18 1998-07-15 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Superabsorbent material and method for producing said material
RU2223985C2 (ru) * 1997-07-23 2004-02-20 Циба Спешиалти Кемикалз Холдинг Инк. Ингибирование пожелтения целлюлозы и бумаги с использованием нитроксидов и других совместно вводимых добавок
DE19746805C1 (de) 1997-10-23 1999-04-08 Hoechst Ag Oxidierte Stärke und ihre Verwendung
FI105690B (fi) 1997-11-04 2000-09-29 Valtion Teknillinen Menetelmä hapetetun tärkkelyksen valmistamiseksi
FI974139A7 (fi) 1997-11-04 1999-05-05 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Menetelmä selluloosan modifioimiseksi
TR200001962T2 (tr) 1997-12-19 2001-01-22 Novo Nordisk A/S Fenol oksitleyen bir enzim yoluyla polisakkaridlerin modifikasyonu
US6716976B1 (en) 1999-02-24 2004-04-06 Sca Hygiene Products Zeist B.V. Process for selective oxidation of cellulose
CZ20012901A3 (cs) 1999-02-24 2002-01-16 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Vláknité materiály obsahující oxidovanou celulózu a z nich vyrobené produkty
BR0008478A (pt) 1999-02-24 2002-01-22 Tno Processo para produzir ìons nitrozÈnio oxidando-se um composto de nitroxila com um agente oxidante, para oxidar um álcool primário com um ìon nitrozÈnio como um catalisador, e para tratar fibras têxteis para introduzir grupos aldeìdo, carboidrato oxidadeo, e, derivado de carboidrato
US6379494B1 (en) 1999-03-19 2002-04-30 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of making carboxylated cellulose fibers and products of the method
US6228126B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2001-05-08 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Paper prepared from aldehyde modified cellulose pulp and the method of making the pulp
US6368456B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2002-04-09 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Method of making paper from aldehyde modified cellulose pulp with selected additives
DE60005141T2 (de) 2000-04-25 2004-07-22 Sca Hygiene Products Zeist B.V. Oxidation von Polysacchariden mit Niroxylverbindungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR032131A1 (es) 2003-10-29
AU5345700A (en) 2001-02-22
EP1077286A1 (de) 2001-02-21
BR0003644A (pt) 2001-03-27
ZA200004177B (en) 2002-02-18
ES2254084T3 (es) 2006-06-16
TW554122B (en) 2003-09-21
AU5340800A (en) 2001-02-22
DE60024936D1 (de) 2006-01-26
DE60024936T2 (de) 2006-07-20
EP1077286B1 (de) 2005-12-21
US20020005262A1 (en) 2002-01-17
US6228126B1 (en) 2001-05-08
EP1077285A1 (de) 2001-02-21
ZA200004176B (en) 2002-05-16
PT1077286E (pt) 2006-05-31
KR20010050109A (ko) 2001-06-15
US6562195B2 (en) 2003-05-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE313659T1 (de) Aldehyd-modifizierte zellulosepulpe für papierprodukte mit hoher festigkeit
IL137888A0 (en) Aldehyde modified cellulose pulp for the preparation of high strength paper products
BR9814354B1 (pt) método para criar, desidratar e diluir uma pasta de fibra que compreende água, fibras ceculósicas e um aditivo quìmico adsorvìvel e método para formar um produto de papel da pasta de fibra.
DE69713309D1 (de) Aldehyd-modifizierte zellulosefasern für hohe anfangsnassfestigkeit aufweisende papierprodukte
DE69732038D1 (de) Füllstoffe für papier
NO20005091D0 (no) BÕnd for papirfremstilling, med forbedret tørkevirkning for cellulosefiberstrukturer
FI19992598L (fi) Menetelmä paperin valmistamiseksi
FI990408A7 (fi) Paperikoneen ratakatkojen monitorointijärjestelmä
FR2748277B1 (fr) Procede de fabrication de produits alveolaires cellulosiques produits alveolaires cellulosiques
ATE240993T1 (de) Modifizierte celluloseprodukte
FI980177A7 (fi) Paperin tai vastaavan kuitutuotteen hydrofobointijärjestelmä
FI20001773A0 (fi) Menetelmä päällystetyn kuiturainan valmistamiseksi, parannettu paperi- tai kartonkikone ja päällystetty paperi tai kartonki
DE69515304D1 (de) Sieb für Papierfaserstoff
DE69613107D1 (de) Sieb für Papierfaserstoff
FI990558L (fi) Menetelmä ja sovitelma päällystetyn paperin valmistamiseksi sekä pääll ystetty paperi
EP1245721A4 (de) Zellstoffaufschlussverfahren
FI991241L (fi) Ligniinin valkaisu ja menetelmä paperin valmistamiseksi
FI19992132L (fi) Menetelmä sellumassan valmistamiseksi
FI970419A0 (fi) Menetelmä selluloosamassan valmistamiseksi
FI990663A7 (fi) Dynaamisen lujuuden testauslaite paperihylsyjä varten
DE69839081D1 (de) Papiermaschine, papiermaschinenbespannung für , unn papier
FI964715L (fi) Menetelmä selluloosamassan valkaisemiseksi
SE511262E (sv) Förfarande vid upparbetning av alkaliskt kondensat emanerat vid cellulosamassaframställning
NO20003568D0 (no) FremgansmÕte for behandling av fibrig papirbane
FI19992430A7 (fi) Menetelmä sellu-, kartonki- ja paperikoneen kuiva-ainekehityksen mittaamiseksi ja/tai hallitsemiseksi

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties