AT510062A1 - BEARINGS - Google Patents

Description

«* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I * * * * * * * * * * * * '' I 't ·' I · ** -1 -

The invention relates to a plain bearing in the form of a hatch shell comprising a support layer, a bearing metal layer and / or a casting layer, a method for producing this sliding bearing, wherein the support layer is formed from a flat substrate by forming the plain bearing half shell and wherein on the support layer at least one further layer is applied, as well as the use of the sliding bearing.

In order to meet the different, partially contradictory requirements of a sliding bearing, in particular with regard to the strength and the tribological properties, it is common in the art to apply a bearing metal layer and / or a sliding layer on a steel support shell, so that the sliding properties be determined by the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer and the strength properties by the support layer.

In order to achieve a stable position for Frettingvermeidung and the required contour of the storage, the bearing circumference length must be designed relative to the bearing support such that a sufficiently high voltage is built up by a press-fit. Geometrically, this is achieved by a spread over the bearing receiving spread and especially by means of the so-called bearing supernatant.

As a result of the increasing loads, this voltage is increased, superimposed by thermal strains and dynamic shaft loads in modern engines. Thus occur in the steel shell materials commonly used, but also in the bearing metals or in the alloys for the sliding layers, plastic and pseudoelastic effect, which ultimately lead to a change in geometry of the bearing shell itself. This geometry change ultimately results in a loss of spreading on the one hand and a reduction in the bearing overhang on the other. As a result, the bearing is no longer stable, allowing micro-movements that cause fretting or even cause the plain bearing half shells or the bearing to rotate.

To remedy this problem, it is theoretically possible to use steels with higher dimensional stability. A disadvantage, however, is that the higher resistance to deformation has a limiting effect on the applicability of conventional methods for the production of sliding bearing composite materials, such as, for example, roll cladding or composite casting. In particular, in roll cladding, which represents an economically particularly interesting connection technology, there are dimensionally limited restrictions due to the requisite forming forces. When composite casting to abrupt cooling conditions affect the centrifugal casting of larger parts negatively on the structure of the steels and these can be processed only more difficult or no longer economically shaping.

It is known from the prior art that bearing metals are applied to steel support layers for sliding bearings with larger bearing widths by means of explosive cladding on the steel support layer. However, this also involves extremely high costs, so that this method is very difficult to implement economically in mass production. In addition, however, the maximum available width of the sandwich is also limited by this method.

In order to meet the different requirements in terms of load capacity and embedding ability, a sliding bearing for internal combustion engines with bearing shells was proposed in GB 549 433 A, which has a bearing metal layer of individual circumferentially successive sections with different material properties on a continuous, steel support shell, so harder bearing metal sections can be provided for the maximum loads occurring in certain angular ranges of the shark shell, while the softer bearing metal sections provide a good adaptation and embedding capability. For the same purpose, it is known from WO 2009/059344 A2, which is attributed to the Applicant, that the running layer applied to a support layer consists of two partial layers, wherein a partial layer ensures better embedding capacity for dirt particles and the second partial layer ensures wear resistance and load bearing capacity of the plain bearing , N2010 / 09100 Usually, two different slide bearing half-shells are used for plain bearings, since the mechanical and tribological requirements or loads of the lower half-sleeve bearing are different from the upper half-sleeve bearing of the slide bearing.

It is usually for the lower plain bearing half shell solid bearing materials used as for the upper plain half bearing, This particular because especially in startup phases or load change operation, the lubrication gap geometry is not constant in such bearings over the bearing circumference, especially in hydrodynamic sliding bearings in these loading phases of the plain bearing Area of the bearing material of the lower plain bearing half shell better tribological properties are required than for the upper plain bearing half shell. It is also known to weld these plain bearing shells together, as described for example in DE 24 39 096 A to form a bearing bush. It is applied to the bearing material on a flat steel strip and this sandwich formed by pressing to the plain bearing half shell before the two plain bearings half shells are joined together by electron welding.

Also, the DD 42 189 B describes a bearing bushing which is similar to those of the latter DE-A, in which case the bearing bush is in turn composed of two half-shells, which are connected by welding or brazing, wherein for the high-loaded half shell, a higher quality bearing material is used as for the less loaded upper half shell.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved sliding bearing for internal combustion engines.

This object of the invention is achieved independently by the aforementioned slide bearing in the form of a half-shell, the method for producing this plain half bearing and by the use of plain half-shell, wherein in the sliding bearing, the support layer consists of a plurality of interconnected segments, between each of which a connecting portion formed is, according to the method, the support layer is composed of a plurality of segments and the segments are cohesively and / or positively and / or interconnected by means of a press connection, and by the use of the sliding bearing in the drive train of a motor vehicle. N2010 / 09100 -4-

Although from a production engineering and economic point of view by dividing the support layer on several individual segments must be connected to each other, quite disadvantages compared to conventional plain bearings, which are connected on the one hand that just several production steps are required and on the other hand, the connection of the individual segments quite is not unproblematic, especially if the segments are welded together, as it is introduced into the joint heat, which can result in microstructural changes and especially in thicker backing layers, the full-surface connection in the frontal region between the individual segments is problematic, but outweigh the benefits of this new type of plain bearing. On the one hand, it is thus possible to produce plain bearing half shells with greater width. For the purposes of the invention, a wide plain bearing half shell is understood to mean a half shell which has a ratio of the total wall thickness to the width of at least 1:10, in particular at least 1:20 or at least 1:25. It is thus possible to produce such large plain bearing half shells without costly conversions in the series production of a manufacturer of plain bearings, since due to the smaller size of the individual segments of the existing machinery can continue to be used for the arrangement of the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer on the support layer. In particular, it is possible to continue to apply the method of roll cladding for such a large plain bearing half shells, since the required forming forces for the individual segments compared to continuous support layers same slide bearing size can be reduced, especially since they do not have to be converted to an at least approximately complete semicircle , In addition to roll cladding, which is of particular interest from an economic point of view for producing the plain bearing half shell, other coating methods, such as PVD or CVD methods, can also be used, in which case it is particularly advantageous that known geometries of coating chambers, for example sputtering systems , for the mass production of such large plain bearing half-shells application can be found so that a complex geometry, as they can be avoided for the coating of a large plain half bearing shell due to the known effects during deposition, for example by shading, etc., so that the individual segments with a very high accuracy of the layer thickness of the applied layer can be produced. In addition, it also makes it possible to combine different materials for the production of the support layer, which not only a better adaptation to the requirements of the plain bearing half shell is made possible, but thus previously unknown, new N2010 / 09100

Property profiles for sliding half shells can be provided. In addition to achieving larger bearing widths, it is also advantageous that larger layer thicknesses, for example a layer thickness of at least 10 mm, in particular at least 15 mm, preferably at least 30 mm, easier for the support layer with the proposed sliding bearing or in the process for producing the plain bearing is achievable, since the required deformation of the individual segments can be achieved in comparison to a complete plain bearing half shell with lower energy consumption. It is thus also a more economical storage possible because only a few widths of support layer strips must be kept in stock as a semi-finished material.

It is also possible for the bearing metal layer and / or the sliding layer to consist of a plurality of segments, or for the at least one further layer also to be composed of a plurality of segments. The sliding bearing can thus be constructed in the form of a "patchwork bearing", whereby a better adaptation to the different requirements of a plain bearing is possible by specific materials specifically used for the differently loaded areas of a plain half-shell. In addition, it is thus possible to better match the material properties within a segment of the sliding bearing, so that, for example, the adhesion of the individual layers to each other can be improved. However, this also makes plain bearing half shells made of materials that are difficult to produce with conventional methods due to material incompatibility.

At least one further layer may be arranged between the sliding layer and the bearing metal layer or the bearing metal layer and the support layer or on the back side of the support layer, in which case all layers of the sliding bearing half shell consist of several segments, so that in this embodiment the connection region between the individual Segments extends continuously from the surface of the sliding layer to the back of the support layer and the further layer arranged thereon. It is thus possible that the individual segments of Gleitlagerhalbschale before joining to the finished plain bearing half shell are completely finished and in a final manufacturing step, only the connection of the individual segments or optionally a surface treatment by fine boring etc, as known from the prior art is, must be done. It is thus possible to keep the individual segments already in stock in stock or that the slide bearing can be assembled in a relatively short time from different material segments held in stock in terms of material properties, whereby the Series production of Gleitlagerschubschaie can be simplified.

As already mentioned, it is a preferred embodiment, if at least one segment of the support layer or the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has different properties to the material of another segment of the same layer. It is thus achievable a combination of properties in a plain half-shell, which can not be represented in known sliding bearing half-shells from the prior art.

In particular, this different property is the hardness and / or the residual stress of the segments. It is thus possible to better adapt the slide bearing half-shell to heavy-duty internal combustion engines of newer design with high pressures or in the special storage area to the special requirements of the mechanical strength of the plain bearing half-shell. On the other hand, it is possible by the different residual stress profile of the individual segments to maintain the above-mentioned spreading or the bearing projection over a longer period of the sliding bearing so that fretting problems in the back of the plain bearing half shell can be better avoided, so that the sliding bearing has a longer life , The use of materials having different properties also makes it possible to control cavitation-critical areas of the bearing, in particular in the area of oil feeds, that is to say oil bores for supplying a lubricating oil in the region of the running surface.

Regarding the residual stress, it should be noted that due to the deformation of a flat strip to a plain bearing half shell on the bearing back a tensile stress and on the inside of the sliding bearing builds up a compressive stress. Normally, these voltages balance out. However, since the plain bearing half shell is further processed after forming, for example by fine boring the sliding surface, the tensile stresses prevail in the finished plain bearing, whereby this plain bearing tends to reshape further inward, so there is essentially the risk that the plain bearing "occurs ". The consequence of this is that the seat of the plain bearing half shell is deteriorated in the bearing seat. With inventive slide bearing shells made of several segments that can be effectively counteracted, so the residual stress profile of Gleitlagerhalbschaie be improved. N2010 / 09100 «* * * *« «* •« # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * * · · - 7-

At least one segment of at least the support layer or the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer or the at least one further layer may consist of a material which has a different composition to the material of another segment of the same layer in order to be able to control the different requirements for the plain bearing half shell. It can thus better adapt the sliding bearing to the technical requirements in the medium to large 2 and 4-stroke internal combustion engine whose drivers are primarily environmental related lower emission values and higher efficiency, such as. higher ignition pressures, higher operating temperatures, alternative fuels and lubricants, and longer service intervals, which is not achievable with current prior art journal bearings as they are reaching their limits of performance. In contrast to alternative approaches to meet this problem, namely to optimize the alloys used, it is in the invention of advantage that known and proven alloys can be used further, but specifically at the correspondingly loaded points in the camp. With the smaller size bearing segments that are simpler to manufacture, compared to a plain bearing plain bearing, conventional steel back compositions can be further used and matched using higher strength shell pieces in the region of the separation areas of two journal bearing shells forming the bearing where greatest stress occurs in the installed state. Likewise, it is thus possible to combine the strength-enhancing segments with segments without this property.

In the preferred embodiment of the plain bearing half shell, the segments of at least the support layer in the circumferential direction of the half shell are arranged side by side, so as to allow an improvement in terms of mechanical properties of the sliding bearing with respect to the different loads in different angular ranges of the plain bearing half shell.

The segments are in particular cohesively and / or positively connected and / or interconnected by a press connection. In particular, the cohesive connection is preferred here since this requires less effort than the positive connection or as the press connection, wherein the two last-mentioned connection methods are applied advantageously when it is to be expected that by the heat input with the cohesive Bonding brittle mixed crystals in the connection area arise, which can lead to failure of the plain bearing half shell in the connection area, so that the fatigue strength of N2010 / 09100 4 · * 4 4 · 4 · · · # 4 «4 * ·· ** * · 4 4« 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 * *!! ♦ · -8 sliding sleeve, because of the cracks caused by the brittle, intermetallic phases.

The segments can partially overlap and be arranged steplessly adjacent to each other, so that a larger surface can be provided in the connection area for the preparation of the connection. In addition, it is advantageous that in a cohesive connection of the individual segments, the welds in the region of the front and the rear surface of the segments in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell are slightly offset from each other, so that the cohesive procedure less critical with regard to the heat input in the support layer or the segments can be executed in the connection area.

It is also possible that the one or more connection areas in the circumferential direction of the half-shell is inclined or run, so that in the circumferential direction a "sliding". Transition can be provided from one segment to the next, which can cause an increase in the mechanical strength of the plain bearing half shell.

In order to adapt to the different mechanical and tribological demands on the plain bearing half shell in different angular ranges of the half shell, there is the possibility that at least two of the segments of the half shell have a different number of layers arranged one above the other, for example in order to further improve the adhesive strength of the layers in heavily loaded zones or to form an additional running-in layer on the sliding layer in regions of the sliding half-shell which are particularly subject to tribological stress.

However, it is advantageous if an overall layer thickness of the half-shell is at least approximately constant in the radial direction, even with a different number of layers arranged on one another, since this allows a better design of the lubrication gap geometry.

However, it may be advantageous if at least two of the segments of the half-shell have a different overall layer thickness, so that a kind of "groove bearing 11, as is known from the prior art, is formed or is it also possible, depending on the arrangement of the segments in the plain bearing half-shell, that is, whether they are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction or in the radial direction, to achieve an improvement in terms of the oil guide, in particular if a middle segment of the sliding N2010 / 091 oo

Half-shell is executed in the circumferential direction with a smaller layer thickness, so that a kind of groove for the oil guide is formed ".

It is further possible for at least one of the segments of the support layer to have a plurality of segments or sections of the bearing metal layer and / or the sliding layer, whereby the production cost of the plain bearing half shell increases significantly, but the advantage is achieved that the residual stress profile of the segments of the support layer distributed several segments or sections of the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer, so on the one hand by the existing residual stress profile improvement in terms of Antifrettingeigenschaften on the back of the support layer can be achieved, on the other hand, an improved tribology of the sliding bearing can be provided as this residual stress profile so that it does not transfer completely into a single segment of the further layer arranged above the support layer in the direction of the component to be stored.

In the preferred embodiment, the connection area between two segments is formed from the material of the segments, so that it is possible to dispense with an additional material for the material connection of the segments, whereby a better continuity of the properties of the individual segments is achieved in the connection areas, which hereby meant is that sudden property changes in the connection areas can be better avoided.

According to a variant embodiment of the method, it is provided that the at least one further layer is applied to one another before the connection of the segments of the support layer. Thus, the segments prior to the connection are completely completed with respect to the layer structure, which may possibly result in problems during the joining of the individual segments due to material bonding insofar as overlapping layers are simultaneously molten due to the heat input, so that optionally mixed phases in the radial direction the slide bearing half-shell could be formed, whereby the connection area is weakened if necessary, but so that the advantage is achieved that, as already mentioned above, in the embodiment of this plain bearing half shell as a "Patchworklager" series production of such plain half shells can be simplified as already finished as needed produced segments only in a variety of combinations the requirements of the sliding bearing must be connected to each other accordingly. N2010 / 09100 · * «t * * *** ··································································································································································································· »* I * * ♦ • 4 * Φ > * * * ♦» «· · - 10

The deformation of the segments to the plain bearing half shell can be carried out only after the application of the at least one further layer. In other words, this means that the at least one further layer is applied to a flat, that is to say on a flat, support layer, whereby the coating per se can be simplified, since, for example, no complex movement patterns for the coating of plain bearing shells by means of sputtering technology or PVD Procedures must be carried out, whereby the layer quality can be improved in itself. But it is also possible to form higher layer thicknesses for the individual layers and thus to provide a total of a plain bearing half shell with a longer term available. In addition, for shallow substrates, favorable shearing or milling methods can be used for the dimensional design of the bearing strips before shell molding. It is also advantageous that with flat substrates a better heat transfer is possible, whereby hardness losses in areas of the layers can be better avoided.

It may be advantageous if the connection of the segments of the support layer is carried out prior to forming the plain bearing half shell, since in this case the stresses initiated during the deformation also extend into the connection region, whereby the property profile no or fewer, erratic transitions of properties between the segments.

The connection of the segments of the support layer is preferably carried out by means of laser welding, since with this method the heat input into the segments to be joined can be restricted to small, ie narrow, regions in the circumferential direction of the plain bearing half shell, whereby in particular a continuous course of the properties in the circumferential direction can be achieved. By reducing the effect of heat, it is possible that e.g. Do not lose work hardened, roll-clad aluminum alloys in the bond areas. This is particularly advantageous if thick-walled plain bearing half shells are produced. In addition, however, very different production-related residual voltage states, e.g. from the casting process or the roll cladding with the at least one further layer in interaction with the bearing segments can result, and which lead to intolerable tolerances, are better controlled. As a result, unwanted strong changes in the spread around the supernatant are better avoided in the episode, whereby the plain bearing is less susceptible to failure. The use of thermal pretreatments to reduce these residual stress states, as is customary in the prior art, is not expedient, since this results in a loss of hardness, in particular of the bearing metals.

In this case, it is advantageous if a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm 2, in particular at least 3 MW / cm 2, is used, since this allows energy to be introduced into deep layers of the individual segments, whereby the connection quality, i. the quality of the weld, in particular with regard to the uniformity of the strength, can be increased.

As already mentioned above, the segments are preferably welded together without additional material.

It may also be advantageous if the segments are welded together from both the rear side and the front side - as seen in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell - since shorter machining times can be achieved, in particular so that it is also possible to avoid outer edge regions due to the energy input over a longer period unwanted mixed phases arise. Namely, by the welding of both sides, the welding time can be shortened in so far as the time until reaching the core zone of the segments, that is, the center region - viewed in the radial direction - can be shortened.

As already explained above, it is advantageous for the abovementioned reasons if metals or metal alloys with different properties are used for at least two segments of the support layer or, according to another embodiment variant, different metals or metal alloys are used.

It is furthermore possible with the invention that at least two of the segments of the at least one further layer are produced with different coating methods, so that, for example, slide bearings can be provided which have segments which have been coated by sputtering or PVD techniques and Segments which have been roll-clad, so that it is known from the prior art that by PVD or sputtering process very high quality layers for bearing metals or sliding layers can be provided, especially high-strength layers, these layers in high load Zones of the plain bearing half-shell can be arranged. N2010 / 09100 Φ * * * * * * * * * * «« »> ·· * * • 9 I t · · · ff * • · · ·« · · · · i * < * · * - 12-

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:

Figure 1 is a plain bearing half shell with segmented support layer in side view.

Figure 2 shows a variant of a plain bearing half shell in which all Schich th are segmented, in side view.

3 shows another embodiment variant of a slide bearing half-shell with segments arranged in the radial direction in plan view;

4 shows a variant of the connection region between two segments in side view;

5 shows a further embodiment variant of a slide bearing half-shell with a different number of layers in the segments in side view;

6 shows an embodiment variant of a slide bearing half shell with different layer thicknesses of the segments in end view;

7 shows a detail of a coated, flat substrate of several segments before forming to Gleitlagerhalbschaie in side view.

8 shows a plain bearing half-shell in plan view with connecting regions extending in the axial direction between the segments;

9 is a plain half slide in plan view extending obliquely to the axial direction connecting areas between the segments.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from N2010 / 09100 * 1 * 1 * * * * "" "" -13 -the illustrated and described different embodiments may also represent separate solutions.

Fig. 1 shows a plain bearing 1 in the form of a half-shell 2 consisting of a support layer 3 and a sliding layer 4, often referred to as a running layer. The support layer 3 consists in this embodiment of the sliding bearing 1 of three separately produced segments 5, which are connected to each other forming a connecting region 6. The sliding layer 4, however, in this embodiment extends continuously on an inner surface 7 of the support layer 3 and is connected thereto.

The half-shell 2 encloses an angular range of at least 180 °. With the expression "at least approximately 180 ° " is meant in the context of the invention that such shells 2 may also have a slightly smaller angular range, for example, a maximum of 5 ° smaller angle range than 180 °, since such half-shells 2 are fitted into the bearing and training the angular range of 180 ° and under Forming a voltage in the bearing, that is, the bearing receiving, are held, as is known in the art. Accordingly, therefore, the half-shell 2 may have a spreading in order to achieve the sufficiently high tension or the contact pressure, which is or is built up by the press-fitting. However, the latter can also be achieved in that the half-shell 2 has a so-called bearing projection, that has a length in the circumferential direction, which is greater than the length of the corresponding bearing receptacle in the same direction, for example, by a value greater, according to the Formula (diameter of the bearing + diameter of the bearing / F) is calculated, where F is a factor which has the value 1000, in particular 800, preferably 650.

Although only three segments 5 are shown in FIG. 1, there is the possibility within the scope of the invention that also more than three segments 5, for example four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, etc. segments 5 for the supporting layer 3 are used and accordingly, a higher number of connection regions 6 between the individual segments 5 of the support layer 3 is possible. In addition, there is also the possibility that only two segments 5 are used for producing the support layer 3.

Made this slide bearing 1, that is, the half-shell 2, thereby, that the individual segments 5 are connected together. The connection between the N2010 / 09100 # «*« «* ·· *« I «# ·: **** ♦ * ft # * ··· *« · ♦ »·« * · · · · «« «« ··· # · # «· - 14-

Segments 5 can be made in a form-fitting and / or material fit and / or via a press connection. Furthermore, it is possible that the connection of the individual segments 5 after their transformation, that is, the deformation of a flat strip of material in the respective segment 5 with the corresponding radius of curvature of the plain half bearing, are connected or that the individual segments are connected to each other before forming and from the entire composite is subsequently transformed into a semi-shell 2 via a pressing process.

The sliding layer 4 is applied in this embodiment to the already preformed, half-shell-shaped support layer 3 after joining the segments 5, for example by a known from the prior art for the production of plain bearings, for example, galvanically, by roll plating, by PVD method, such as sputtering techniques, or by CVD method. Since these methods, as mentioned, belong to the prior art, the expert is referred to the relevant literature to avoid repetition.

As in the embodiment of Fig. 1, the support layer 3 is formed by a plurality of segments 5 in this embodiment, wherein in the illustration of FIG. 2, the support layer 3 in turn is formed by three segments 5, but also applies in this embodiment, that less or more than three interconnected segments 5 can be used for the support layer 3. On the support layer 3, the sliding layer 4 is connected to the support layer 3 is arranged. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in this embodiment of the sliding bearing 1, the sliding layer 4 is formed by segments 9. The connection region 6 between the segments 5 of the support layer 3 lies below a further connection region 10 between in each case two segments 9 of the sliding layer 4. However, there is also the possibility that the connection regions 6, 10 are offset from each other in a circumferential direction 11. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the sliding layer 4 consists of a number of segments 9 different from the number of segments 5 of the support layer 3, for example the sliding bearing 1 with three segments 5 of the support layer 3 only 2 segments 9 or four or five or six, etc. includes segments 9 of the sliding layer 4.

Dashed line is indicated that on the sliding layer 4, an additional layer 12 may be arranged. This additional layer 12 can, for example, be designed as a running-in layer. N2010 / 09100 i Ml «* * * · | * t * * • * · ft ¥ * w ft · & Be formed. It is also possible for this additional layer 12 to be formed by the sliding layer 4, in which case the sliding layer provided with the reference numeral 4 in FIG. 2 may be designed as a so-called bearing metal layer. It is also possible - instead of the bearing metal layer - that this designated by the reference numeral 4 sliding layer in Fig. 2 is a bonding layer and thus a layer structure support layer 3 - bonding layer - sliding layer 4 is present.

Also stricbliert is indicated in Fig. 2 that on a back 13 of the support layer 3, that is, a rear surface opposite to the inner surface 7, an Antifrettingschicht 4 may be arranged to avoid Frettingerscheinun conditions or Frettingproblemen on the back of the Support layer 3.

In general, it should be noted that the layer structures shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are not limiting for the invention. Additional layers, such as tie layers or diffusion barrier layers, may be arranged between the individual layers as required, for example a tie layer between the slip layer 4 and the support layer 3 or a tie layer between the support layer 3 and the anti-fretting layer 14 or a diffusion barrier layer between the slip layer 4 and the bearing metal layer or a diffusion barrier layer between the bearing metal layer and the supporting layer 3, etc. In principle, such slide bearing designs are known from the prior art, so that reference should be made thereto.

As also shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, there is the possibility or it is the preferred embodiment of the invention that all layers are composed of individual segments 5, 9, between each of which a connecting region 6, 10 is formed. In particular, these connecting regions 6, 10 can be arranged one above the other in the radial direction of the half-shell 2, so that the half-shell can be composed of several segments 5, 9, whereby these segments 5, 9 can be prefabricated. However, it is possible, as has already been mentioned, for the connecting regions 6, 10 to be arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction 11 between the individual segments 5, 9 of at least two layers arranged one above the other in the radial direction.

With regard to the production of this half-shell 1, reference is made to the above statements; in particular, it is possible to connect the individual segments 5, 9 in a material-locking and / or form-fitting manner and / or via a press connection. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the reshaping of the segments 5 before or N2010 / 09100 4 • • • ··· * '' • • • • • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 • »* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *» 9 * »* * - • * - 16- after the deposition of the further layers on it, such as the sliding layer 4 or the bearing metal layer and the sliding layer 4 or another type of layer composite described above is or is also the possibility that, when planar substrates are coated, these substrates are connected to each other after coating and before forming the half-shell 2.

There is also the possibility that the support layer 3 and the case-by-case bearing metal layer consist of individual segments 5 and the sliding layer 4 is deposited on this layer composite, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, after the forming of the semi-finished product to the half-shell 2, so Thus, the sliding layer 4 in this case extends continuously over the inner surface of the segments of the bearing metal layer.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the individual segments 5, 9 of the individual layers in the circumferential direction 11 are arranged side by side lying connected to each other. These embodiments of the arrangement of the segments 5, 9 represents the preferred in the context of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, however, there is also the possibility that the segments 5, 9 are arranged side by side in an axial direction 15, wherein these segments 5, 9 extend continuously in the circumferential direction 11.

There is also the possibility that in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the individual segments 5, 9 are also composed in the circumferential direction 11 of a plurality of segments 5, 9, thus thus a combination variant between the embodiments of FIG. 1 or 2 with that embodiment according to Fig. 3 is possible.

With regard to the individual layers which can be arranged in plain bearing 1 in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, reference is made to the above statements.

For connection of the individual segments 5, 9, they can be butt-abutting, possibly spaced from one another, arranged, wherein in the case of the spacing of the individual segments 5, 9 this connecting region 6, 10 is filled with an additional material, as is usual in welding , Optionally, the individual segments 5, 9 may be chamfered in the connection region 6, 10 in order to thus form a welding groove, for example with a V-shaped cross section. On the other hand, there is the possibility, as FIG. 4 shows, that the segments 5 of the support layer 3 and / or. In general, the segments 5, 9 of the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 are arranged partially overlapping in the connection region 6 and thus connected to each other, in which case the individual segments 5 and the other segments 9 of the sliding bearing 1 in the region of the mutually facing end faces 16, 17 juxtaposed segments 5 are step-shaped, wherein in each case a segment in the region of the inner surface 7 and a segment of the two segments 5 to be joined together in the region of the back 13 are stepped equal to each other, so that the two segments 5 can be arranged one above the other, such as this Fig. 4 shows. In the preferred embodiment of this connection form, the dimensions of the gradation are chosen so that the segments are arranged continuously adjacent to each other in the region of the inner surface 7 and the back 13 into each other, so no step between the segments 5, 9 is formed on the surfaces.

In Fig. 5, a variant of the sliding bearing 1 is shown, in which the segments 5 of the support layer 3 are carriers of a different number of further layers.

On each of the segments 5 of the support layer 3, a bearing metal layer 18 and the sliding layer 4 are arranged. The two outer segments 5 of the support layer 3 each have an additional layer on the running surface 19, which in this case is designed as an inlet layer 20 or wear layer. The connecting regions 6 and 10 are in turn arranged one above the other in the radial direction, so that therefore the sliding bearing 1, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, consists of three separate segments produced separately. An overall segment is understood to be a complete layer structure of one of the segments of the plain bearing half shell.

This run-in layer 20 or wear layer extends from Gleitlagerstimflächen 21, 22 to a central region 23 which is itself free of this inlet layer 20. The arrangement of this additional inlet layer 20 or wear layer in the lateral areas of the sliding bearing 1 has the advantage that in at least one of these areas with the inlet layer 20 of the dirt entry with the lubricating oil is greatest that on this additional inlet layer 20 better adaptability of the sliding bearing 1 is reached.

Of course, the total segments may also have a different layer structure, as has already been stated above, in particular instead of the one N2010 / 09100

It is also possible for another layer to be arranged, in which case the individual overall segments, that is to say at least two overall segments of all the total segments, have a different number of individual layers. There is also the possibility that none of the total segments has an equal number of layers arranged one above the other.

In this embodiment, a total layer thickness 24 is again constant over the entire sheaf shell 2, so that in those overall segments which have a higher number of individual layers, at least one of the layers has a reduced layer thickness in the middle region 23 of the plain bearing half shell compared to the same layer.

The angle range beginning at the end faces 21, 22 in which the run-in layer 20 or an additional, radially innermost layer is arranged, which may also have a higher strength, than the radially innermost layer in the central region 23, over a range up to 45 °, in particular to 30 °, starting at the respective end face 21, 22 rich. It is also possible that in one of the two outer regions of the sliding bearing 1, an additional layer is arranged, it being advantageous in this case, when the installation position of the half-shell 2 is known prior to their preparation.

In general, it is possible in all embodiments of the invention, in the apex region of the plain bearing half shell in an angular range of ± 25 °, in particular ± 15 °, measured from the apex of the half-shell 2, to arrange a segment 5, compared to the other segments 5 a higher Has strength, in particular a higher solid sliding layer 4 and / or a higher solid support layer 3. It can thus be better met the higher loads by the ignition pressure.

By contrast, FIG. 6 shows a variant embodiment of the invention with over the course of the sliding bearing 1 in the axial direction 15 different total layer thickness 24, wherein for the sake of simplicity, only two layers, that is, the support layer 3 and the sliding layer 4, are shown, but also at Of course, more than two individual layers can be arranged in this variant. The segments 5 and 9 of the support layer 3 and sliding layer 4 are again arranged side by side in the axial direction 14, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3. Likewise, the connecting portions 6 and 10 are between the segments 5 and 9, therefore, in the radial direction one behind the other. N2010 / 09100 • · »» · · · · · · · · «* * ···« * * «φ · φ · ··· * | · * · · · - 19-

The support layer 3 is formed in this embodiment with an equal layer thickness over the entire course in the radial direction 15. By contrast, the sliding layer 4 has regions 15 of different thickness in the axial direction, namely two thicker edge regions 25, 26, that is to say with a higher layer thickness, and a middle region 27 with a smaller layer thickness compared to this. In particular, thereby the edge load of the sliding bearing 1 can better meet, as can also be achieved if in the edge regions 25, 26 in comparison to the middle region higher-strength materials are arranged at least in the radially innermost layer.

However, it is also possible that the sliding layer 4 is formed with a constant layer thickness in the axial direction 15 and for the support layer 3 in the region of the back 13 has such a layer thickness profile with higher layer thicknesses in the edge regions 25, 26 in a smaller layer thickness in the middle region 27 ,

In addition, there is also the possibility in this variant embodiment of the invention that the individual regions, that is to say the edge region 25 or 26 or the middle region 27, have a different number of individual layers, that is to say the segments 5, 9 accordingly have a different number of layers ,

It is also possible for at least one of the segments 5 of the support layer 3 to have a plurality of segments or sections of the bearing metal layer 18 and / or the sliding layer 4, such that the number of segments within a layer from the back 13 in the direction of the running surface 19 is at least between two arranged layers increases. By this embodiment, a finer tuning of the respective desired, mechanical and tribological properties of the sliding bearing 1 to the respective conditions of use is possible.

In Fig. 7 is a semi-finished product 28 for producing the half-shell 2 of the sliding bearing 1 (assignment of reference numerals: Fig. 1) is shown. This semifinished product is still in the flat state, that is to say before the forming into the half-shell 2. The semi-finished product 28 has the supporting layer 3 with two juxtaposed segments 5 and the sliding layer 4 with two segments 9 arranged above the segments 5. The individual segments 5, 9 are, as shown in the example in FIG. 1, arranged in the circumferential direction 11 (FIG. 1) of the sliding bearing 1. In the connection region 6 between the segments 5 of the support layer 3, a V-shaped groove 29 is arranged in the radial direction above, that is, in the direction of the tread 19, that is, the sliding layer 4 N2010 / 09100 • I * ** · «IM · * II * II · · * * I t »* * ff · I · M *» * «M« »» »· · -20-resp. their segments 9 not only in the region of axially opposite 15 outer end faces 30, 31 have a beveled edge region, but also chamfers 32, 33 are formed between the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4. It is thus simplifies the subsequent transformation to the half-shell 2 while reducing the stresses in the sliding layer 4 caused thereby. If necessary, this area between the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 after forming can also be materially connected, forming the connection region 10, as he Example of the embodiment of FIG. 2 has been described.

Of course, this groove 29 may also have a different cross-section, which allows a simplification of the transformation. It is also not absolutely necessary that this groove 29 extends over the entire layer thickness of the sliding layer 4 to the surface 7 of the support layer 3, but this groove 29 may have a depth which is less than the layer thickness of the sliding layer 4, that is their segments 9th

In principle, there is the possibility that more than one layer can be provided with such grooves in a more than two-layer structure of the sliding bearing 1, wherein the bevel of the side walls and the radius of the respective layer may be different.

8 and 9 each show a plan view of the segments 5 of the support layer 3. All other possibly arranged layers were removed for better Dar-adjustability.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 8, with aligned in the axial direction 15 connecting portions 6 between the segments fifth

However, there is also the possibility, as shown in FIG. 9, that the connecting region 6 extends between two segments inclined relative to the axial direction 15. In particular, for the above-mentioned reasons, an angle of inclination 34 that the connecting region 6 occupies with the axial direction 15 is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20 and an upper limit of 30 D. However, it is also possible for this angle of inclination to consist of a Range to be selected with a lower limit of 7 ° and an upper limit of 25 °.

In principle, the individual layers of the plain bearing 1 may consist of materials which are known from the prior art for the respective layers of the sliding bearing 1 or of materials which can be used for plain bearings 1. The sliding bearing 1 consists at least largely of metals or metal alloys. By "at least for the most part" is meant that the radially innermost layer of the sliding bearing 1 can also be formed by a lubricating varnish, that is, that layer which is opposite to the component to be supported. Optionally, this anti-friction varnish layer may also be composed of several partial layers. In particular, when depositing a bonded coating on the sliding bearing 1 as the radially innermost layer of the half shell 2, this is applied after the forming of the semi-finished, for example, the semi-finished product 28 to the half-shell 2, so that this Gleitlackschicht is arranged continuously without segment training in the sliding bearing 1. This is justified by the fact that, as is known, anti-friction coatings can be produced by simply spraying on the anti-friction coating and subsequently polymerizing the polymerizable constituents of the anti-friction coating. Of course, it is also possible that the Gleitlackschicht are arranged in the form of segments in the sliding bearing 1.

The support layer 3 or, at least some of the segments 5 of the support layer 3 may preferably consist of steel or a material, as are known in the art for this purpose, for example brass. Other materials meeting the press fit requirements may also be used. For example, the following alloys may be used for the or at least individual segments of the bearing metal layer 18:

Aluminum-based bearing metals (in part according to DIN ISO 4381 or 4383): AISnCuNi, AlZnSSiCuPBMg, AISn20Cu, AISi4Cd, AICd3CuNi, AISi11Cu, AISn6Cu, A! Sn40, A! Sn25CuMn, AISi1 ICuMgNi, AIZn4SiPb;

Copper based bearing metals (partly according to DIN ISO 4383):

CuPb10Sn10, CuSnIO, CuPb15Sn7, CuPb20Sn4, CuPb22Sn2, CuPb24Sn4, CuPb24Sn, CuSn8P, CuPb5Sn5Zn, CuSn7Pb7Zn3, CuPb10Sn10, CuPb30;

Bearing-based bearing metals:

PbSb10Sn6, PbSb15Sn10, PbSb15SnAs, PbSb14Sn9CuAs, PbSn10Cu2, PbSn18Cu2, PbSn10TiO2, PbSn9Cd, PbSnIO;

Tin-based bearing metals:

SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb. N2010 / 09100 -22-

Of course, other than the mentioned bearing metals on aluminum, copper, lead or tin base, in particular all known from the prior art bearing metals can be used.

Preferably, however, lead-free bearing metals are used. For the or at least some of the segments of the adhesive layer (s), e.g. Layers of aluminum or aluminum alloys, e.g. AISc3, or from, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and their alloys and NiSn or CuSn alloys, etc., are used, in which case again all of the prior art known materials can be used to improve adhesion. Aluminum or aluminum alloy layers or nickel layers, or layers of Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and their alloys, etc. can also be used for the or at least individual segments of the diffusion barrier layer (s) , For the or at least some of the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4, aluminum-based alloys, such as e.g. AISn20Cu, AISn40Cu, AIBi15Mo2, AIBi11CuO, 5NiO, 5, AIBi25Cu, tin base alloys, e.g. SnSb15Cu5, SnSb4Cu1, copper based alloys, such as CuBi20, bismuth base alloys, silver based alloys, Bi, Ag, Sn, white metal alloys, alloys of nickel, etc. can be used. It should be noted that this list has only exemplary character, since for the sliding layer 4 of the segments 9 in principle all known from the prior art materials can be used.

In principle, the individual segments, that is, for example, the segments 5 and 9, can be manufactured within a layer of the same material, for example in order to allow greater bearing widths for plain bearings 1. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the segments within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 consist of mutually different materials, that is to say that at least two segments differ with regard to the materials. But it is also possible that the same materials are used for all segments, but the materials of at least two of the segments within a layer have different properties to each other, in particular a different hardness or a different residual stress profile. This can be achieved by setting the materials with different pretreatments, as known from the prior art, so that, despite the same composition, these materials, ie the segments have a different property profile , In particular, in addition to the support layer 3, that is, the segments 5 of the support layer 3, the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 and / or the segments of the bearing metal layer 18 or the segments of the at least one further layer may consist of a material which is the material of another Segments of the same layer has different properties.

It should be noted at this point that, within the scope of the invention, embodiments are possible which, in addition to the support layer 3, have only the sliding layer 4 or, in addition to the support layer 3, only the bearing metal layer 18.

As already mentioned, the individual segments of the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 consist of metals or metal alloys, that is, with the exception of the previously mentioned anti-friction varnish layer, not of plastics. Furthermore, these layers are preferably not made of a sintered material.

When using metal alloys within a layer, the segments of this layer can be made of different metal alloys. As already mentioned, the individual segments within one layer, ie in particular the segments 5 of the support layer 3 and optionally the segments of a further layer, for example the segments 9 of the overlay 4 and / or the bearing metal layer 18, can be used for the production of the sliding bearing 1. be cohesively or fdrmschlüssig and / or connected to each other via a press connection or be. In principle, any welding process, such as, for example, electron beam welding, or soldering processes, in particular brazing processes, which are known from the general state of the art, are possible for producing the integral connection. It is important to pay attention only to the material compatibility between the filler material and the material of the individual segments. Accordingly, known filler materials are to be selected. In the preferred embodiment of the method, the segments within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 are connected to each other by laser beam welding, so that in this case preferably no additive for the production of the welded joint must be used, but the connection by melting the materials of the segments in the connecting areas, ie For example, the connection N2010 / 09100 • · • · k «-24 areas 6 or 10, is formed. Thus, the advantage is achieved that the production of the connection without excessive heating of the adjacent to the connection areas, in particular the connecting portions 6, 9, lying areas is possible, in addition, the individual segments within a layer at least almost completely connected to each other via the layer thickness are, so a reaching across the layer thickness weld. By "at least approximately" is meant in this case that it is quite possible that a core zone within the segments, which may be up to 5% of the layer thickness of the respective layer, is not connected. This "disadvantage" is therefore accepted because it allows a further reduction of the temperature load of the secondary areas in addition to the connecting areas between the segments can be achieved. The prerequisite for this, however, is that the plain bearing half shell meets the strength requirements.

Preferably, a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm 2 is used for the laser welding, in order to achieve a sufficient depth heating, that is a melting of the material into the core layer of a layer of the sliding bearing 1, with higher security.

In order to reduce the temperature load on the individual segments in addition to the connecting regions between the segments, the welding is preferably carried out from the back, ie the back 13, and from the front side, ie the running surface 19, although generally the welding from one side, ie, for example can be done in the direction of the back 13 or in the direction of the tread 19.

Preferably, the welding of the individual segments takes place prior to their transformation into the sheath 2, ie still in the flat state of the semifinished product, for example the semifinished product 28. It is further preferred that the application or the deposition of at least one further layer of the sliding bearing in addition to the support layer 3 1 before forming the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is performed. In other words, this means that preferably flat substrates are coated, ie flat or flat segments 5 of the support layer 3.

It is further preferred that the deposition of the individual layers on the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is carried out before the welding of the segments of the sliding bearing 1. This embodiment variant of the invention also has the advantage that different deposition methods can also be used for the deposition of the individual layers on the segments 5 of the sliding layer 3, that is to say, for example, Kom-N2010 / 09100. It is possible for galvanic layers with PVD layers or roll-plated layers to be present within a layer of the plain bearing 1.

In addition to or in addition to the weld, it is possible to connect the segments by means of a form-fitting, for example by having a groove in an end face pointing to another segment, in particular an undercut ne groove, for example with a dovetail-shaped cross-section, and the further segment at the corresponding end face has corresponding web. Optionally, this positive connection can also be pressed, in particular during the forming of the half-shell 2.

The invention has been extensively tested with a wide variety of combinations of materials, wherein only some of the experimental examples given below are given in the following, in order not to exceed the scope of the description.

Example 1:

Two steel strips of different pretreatment for the support layer 3 with a width of 350 mm were roll-laminated with a bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu1, with a same final thickness of the plated steel strips of 15.5 mm, the bearing metal layer 18 of a steel strip by about 10% by a larger stitch decrease has greater hardness. From the two clad steel strips 2 segments were cut off in a length of 1250 mm for a half-shell and connected to each other along their parting line by laser beam welding. The semifinished product produced in this way had three segments, of which the middle consisted of the band with the bearing metal layer 18 of greater hardness and the steel with lower residual stress, while the bearing metal layers 18 of the outer sections correspondingly lower hardness. From this semifinished product, two bearing plates with a usable width of 500 mm and a useful length of 1000 mm were sawed out and formed into the bearing shell. The testing of a sliding bearing 1 with these plain bearing half shells shows in comparison to a plain bearing gieicher dimension and on the same extent consistent properties of the bearing detail layer 18 a significantly better performance. N2010 / 091 oo ··· «* · ·« * * · «« ···· »» «*« * «« f * φ φ · · * · -26-

Example 2:

Cavitation damage usually manifests itself in plain bearings in very specific places. In order to counter such cavitation damage, a particularly solid bearing material must be used, which, however, leads to considerable losses of the tribological properties and the dirt embedding capability in conventional bearings. If a bearing shell segment with a bearing metal layer of AISn10Cu1 alloy is used in the cavitation-sensitive peripheral regions, but a bearing metal layer of AISn20Cu1 is used for the remaining sections, cavitation damage can be avoided in the region of the cavitation-prone section due to the stronger bearing metal, without the dirt-insensitive and tribologically advantageous properties of AISn20Cu1 To lose alloy for the overall behavior of the sliding bearing 1.

Example 3:

Three equally sized circuit boards were welded together, of which the middle had a bearing metal layer of an AISn40Cu alloy and the two outer boards a layer of SnSb40Cu3 alloy, each on a steel support shell. The bearing shells of this type were used for Pleuelfager and compared with conventional connecting rod bearings, which had a single bearing shell with a steel support shell and an applied bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu to accommodate the main load can. These bearings were tested and tested in an internal combustion engine for 250 hours of operation. The motion pictures of the conventional bearings showed clear signs of wear of the dirt particles over the entire circumferential area of the bearing, which leads to a disturbance of the load capacity for longer operations, especially in the main load range. The bearing according to the invention, however, shows distinct embedding of the dirt particles in the soft bearing areas consisting of SnSb40Cu3, the bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu being virtually scratch-free in the main load zone.

Example 4:

To avoid fretting on the back 13 of the plain bearing 1, the support layer 3 was made of two different steels, by the two outer segments 5 of N2010 / 09100 * · »ι * * * * p PP ··· · ···» * » ················································································································································································································································ duration. Due to the different voltage, that is, the different residual stress curve of these two steel grades, a sufficiently high voltage could be built up during the press-fitting process of the plain bearing half shells 1 in the bearing receptacle. This plain bearing 1 was compared with a plain bearing of the prior art with only one segment, ie continuous support layer 3. Experiments were carried out with increasing load until the plain bearing half shells started to spin. It was found that the plain bearings according to the invention had significantly lower fretting traces after a running time of 5000 hours. In addition, it was found that these bearings can take a load that is significantly larger before the plain bearing half shells rotate.

Thus, in this example, the higher-strength steel pieces were installed in the region of the separating regions of the interacting plain bearing half-shells, where the greatest stresses occur in the installed state.

For bearings with circumferential areas with fretting, such a higher-strength segment can also be used in this area. The same applies to cavitation-critical areas of the camp, in particular areas with oil holes.

Example 5:

Since the chemical and especially the physical coating process of larger bearings is currently uneconomic in mass production because the designed systems do not have the right size, respectively, the construction of special systems for larger plain bearings 1 is uneconomical due to the lower number of pieces, half shells were 2 by plain bearings 1, which consisted of segments 5 of the structure steel / lead bronze in the edge regions of the half shell 2 and of a segment 5 of the structure steel / AIZn5 in the apex region of the half shell 2. In addition, a polyamideimide-based antifriction coating with graphite and MoS 2 was applied to the segments on the sliding layers 4 as solid lubricants. These shells 2 showed very good results both in terms of resilience and in terms of fretting tendency. N2010 / 09100 -28- • «• · ·

Example 6:

Example 5 was repeated, wherein for the edge segments a structure steel / lead bronze / nickel / bonded coating and for the apex segment a structure steel / Ai-Bi11CuO, 5NiO, 5 sputtered layer was selected. The results of Example 5 could thus be improved.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the sliding bearing 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other and this Variati onsmöglichkeit due to the teaching of technical Acting by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the design of the slide bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size. N2010 / 09100 ··························································································································································································································

REFERENCE NUMBERS

Sliding bearing Half shell Support layer Sliding layer Segment Bonding area Surface Segment Bonding area Circumferential direction Back layer Anti-scratching layer Direction Face Face surface bearing metal layer Running surface Intake layer Slide bearing face Sliding bearing end face Center area Total layer thickness Border area Border area Center area Semi-finished product Groove Face Face Face Bevel Bevel Tilt angle N2010 / 09100

Claims (28)

«*« * 4 «4M •« «« ι »« * ♦ ♦ * * · • · # · «i ·· * * · · · - 1 - Claims 1. Sliding bearing (1) in the form of a half-shell (2) comprising a support layer (3), a bearing metal layer (18) and / or a sliding layer (4), characterized in that the support layer (3) consists of a plurality of interconnected segments (5), between each of which a connection region (6) is formed. Second sliding bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing metal layer (18) and / or the sliding layer (4) consists of several segments (9) or consist. 3. plain bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the sliding layer (4) and the bearing metal layer (18) or the support layer (3) or between the bearing metal layer (18) and the support layer (3) or on the Rear side of the support layer (3) is arranged at least one further layer, and that all layers consist of several segments (5, 9). 4. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one segment (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) or the bearing metal layer (18) or the sliding layer (4) or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has different properties to the material of another segment (5, 9) of the same layer. 5. plain bearing (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the different property is the hardness and / or the residual stress of the segments (5, 9). 6. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one segment (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) or the bearing metal layer (18) or the Gieitschicht (4) or the at least one further layer made of a material having a different composition to the material of another segment (5, 9) of the same layer. 7. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) are arranged side by side. 8. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are cohesively and / or positively connected and / or interconnected by a press connection. 9. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are arranged partially overlapping and steplessly adjacent to each other. 10. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the or the connecting region (s) (6, 10) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) extends inclined or run. 11. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least two of the segments (5, 9) of the half-shell (2) have a different number of superimposed layers. 12. plain bearing (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that an overall layer thickness of the half-shell (2) in the radial direction at a different number of superimposed layers is at least approximately constant. 13. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least two of the segments (5, 9) of the half-shell (2) have a different total layer thickness. N2010 / 09100 -3- * »• * · 14. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) a plurality of segments (9) of the bearing metal layer (18) and / or the sliding layer (4). 15. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the connecting region (6, 10) between two segments (5, 9) of the material of the segments (5, 9) is formed. 16. A method for producing a slide bearing half-shell comprising a support layer (3) and at least one further layer, wherein the support layer (3) is formed from a flat substrate by forming the slide bearing half-shell and wherein on the support layer (3) at least one further layer is applied, characterized in that the support layer (3) is composed of a plurality of segments (5) and the segments (5) are connected to one another in a material-locking and / or form-fitting manner and / or via a press connection. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the at least one further layer is likewise composed of a plurality of segments. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the at least one further layer before the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is applied to each other. 19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the deformation of the segments (5) to the plain bearing half-shell is carried out after the application of the at least one further layer. 20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is carried out before the forming of the plain bearing half-shell. N2010 / 09100 -4- 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is carried out by means of laser welding. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm2 is used. 23. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are welded together without a filler material. 24. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) both from the back and from the front - viewed in the radial direction of Gleitiagerhalbschale welded. 25. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that for at least two segments (5) of the support layer (3) metals or metal alloys are used with different properties. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that for at least two segments (5) of the support layer (3) different metals or metal alloys are used. 27. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that at least two of the segments of the at least one further layer are produced with different coating methods. 28. Use of a sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15 in the drive train of a motor vehicle. Miba Gleitlager GmbH Lawyers Burger & Partner Attorney at Law N2010 / 09100