DE112013003034B4 - Sliding element, Gleitlagerhalbschale using this, and manufacturing method for plain bearing half shell - Google Patents

Abstract

Sliding member (10) having a flat shape and used for a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing comprising: at least two or more wide portions (11, 12, 13); and one or more narrow portions (81) disposed between the wide portions (11, 12, 13), wherein a total length in a width direction thereof is smaller than that of the wide portion (81). 11, 12, 13), and which has a greater hardness than the wide portions (11, 12, 13), assuming that an end in a thickness direction is an end portion and it is assumed that the another end in the thickness direction is the other end part, the narrow area (81) comprises: a one-side end face (811) exposed to the one end part; and another side end face (812) exposed to the other end part and having a smaller exposed area than the one side end face (811), wherein in the narrow area (81) the total length of the other side face End surface (812) in the width direction is smaller than the total length of the one-side end surface (811) in the width direction through the longitudinal direction, wherein a maximum width (Wm) of the narrow region (81) is 0.1 to 5.0% an overall length of the slider (10) including the wide portions (11, 12, 13) and the narrow portion (81) in the width direction, and further comprising: a back metal layer (31, 61) covering the wide portions (Figs. 11, 12, 13) and the narrow portion (81), and a bearing alloy layer (32, 62) located closer to the other end part side than the back metal layer (31, 61) and on the side of the other end part of the narrow portion (81) is divided by a groove (51), wob a ...

Description

[Technical area]

The present invention relates to a sliding member, a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing using the same, and a method of manufacturing the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing.

[State of the art]

Typically, large-sized crosshead type motors, for example marine engines, are equipped with a crosshead bearing supporting a crosshead. As the performance of the engine improves, it is necessary for the crosshead bearing to increase in size, and it is necessary to improve the reliability and also to improve the accuracy. Semicylindrical bearings having a semi-cylindrical shape used for a crosshead bearing or the like are generally fabricated by bending a plate member into a cylindrical shape. The plate member includes a back metal layer serving as a base material and a bearing alloy layer formed on a wave side of the back metal layer.

AT 510 062 A1 describes a slide bearing in the form of a half shell comprising a support layer, a bearing metal layer and / or a sliding layer, wherein the support layer consists of a plurality of interconnected segments, between each of which a connection region is formed.

However, as the semi-cylindrical bearing increases in size as described above, the plate member as a material thereof also increases in size. Therefore, it becomes difficult to achieve uniform lamination of the back metal layer and the bearing alloy layer into the plate member. In addition, there is a problem that the larger the size of the plate member to be processed, the more difficult it becomes to bend the plate member into the semi-cylindrical bearing.

[Literature]

[Patent Literature]

• [Patent Literature 1] JP-A-2010-32055
• [Patent Literature 2] AT 510 062 A1

Summary of the Invention

[Technical problem]

Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sliding member which is easy to machine and whose accuracy can be easily secured even after being enlarged, a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing employing the same, and a method of manufacturing the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing.

[The solution of the problem]

The sliding member of the present embodiment is a flat sliding member used for a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing. This sliding member is provided with at least two or more wide portions and a narrow portion disposed between the wide portions, wherein a total length in a width direction thereof is smaller than that of the wide portions and having a higher hardness, i. H. harder than the wide areas. If it is assumed that one end in a thickness direction is an end part and it is assumed that the other end in the thickness direction is the other end part, the narrow area comprises a one-side end face exposed to the one end part, and one Other-side end face exposed to the other end part and having a smaller exposed area than the one-side end face. In the narrow area, the total length of the other-side end surface in the width direction is smaller than the total length of the one-side end surface in the width direction through the longitudinal direction. The maximum width (Wm) of the narrow portion is 0.1 to 5.0% of a total length of the slider, including the wide portions and the narrow portion in the width direction. The sliding member further comprises a back metal layer including the wide portions and the narrow portion, and a bearing alloy layer located closer to the other end portion side than the back metal layer and divided on the side of the other end portion of the narrow portion by a groove. The groove is formed in the bearing alloy layer and in a part of the back metal layer. The narrow area has an hourglass shape with trapezoids arranged symmetrically so as to overlap in the thickness direction on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the narrow area. In the present embodiment, the width direction refers to a direction that moves from a wide area to the narrow area, another wide area, and so forth. When there are a plurality of narrow areas, the total length of the respective narrow areas in the width direction is smaller than the wide area having the smallest total length in the width direction. In the present embodiment, the hardness of the narrow portion is higher than that of the wide portion.

In this way, the slider of the present embodiment has a flat shape and becomes with the narrow area between the wide Provided areas. The narrow area is set to have greater hardness than the wide areas. Thus, the slider provided with the wide portions and the narrow portion includes a boundary between the narrow portion and the wide portions having different hardness levels, ie, portions having a discontinuous hardness at both ends of the narrow portion in the width direction are formed. For this reason, when the slider is bent, the slider is deformed, and the parts having a discontinuous hardness act as supports. In each narrow area, the exposed area of the other-side end face is smaller than the exposed area of the one-side end face in the thickness direction. In each narrow area, the total length of the other-side end surface in the width direction is smaller than the total length of the one-side end surface in the width direction through the longitudinal direction. Therefore, when the slider is bent so that the other end part becomes the inside, the slider is deformed, and both ends of the narrow portion of the other-side end face having the smaller exposed area serve as supports. As a result, the slider is easily deformed, and when the slider is bent into a cylindrical shape, it is possible to easily set a fine adjustment of the radius of curvature. Thus, even when the slider is increased, it is possible to easily form the slider into a semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing and to ensure accuracy easily. Further, by adopting a structure in which the narrow area is disposed between the wide areas, a large sliding member having a flat shape can be realized by using a plurality of small plate members as the material of the sliding member. Thus, as described above, a sliding member for a large semi-cylindrical sliding bearing can also be easily formed.

Further, the sliding member of the present embodiment comprises a back metal layer comprising the wide portions and the narrow portion made of an identical metal component, wherein the one-side end surface is formed on the side of the one end portion, and a bearing alloy layer closer to the side of the other end part is located as the back metal layer.

When the slider provided with the bearing alloy layer on the side of the other end portion of the back metal layer is reformed into a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing having a semi-cylindrical shape, the slider is bent such that the bearing alloy layer is on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical shape , As described above, fine adjustment of the radius of curvature of the slider can be easily made, and accuracy of the shape can be easily ensured. Therefore, when the machined semi-cylindrical sliding member is fixed to an outer housing, the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing comes into close contact with the housing. As a result, the deformation of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing can be reduced when it is attached to the housing. This reduces a local projection toward the side of the shaft member against which the bearing alloy layer slides, or deformation of the semi-cylindrical journal bearing fixed to the housing. Thus, it is possible to reduce local contact with the shaft member and reduce wear or damage of the bearing alloy layer. Furthermore, the reduction in the deformation of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing leads to a reduction in the smallest oscillations between the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing and the housing. Thus, damage caused by feeding, which accompanies the smallest vibrations, can be reduced. An intermediate layer may be provided between the back metal layer and the bearing alloy layer.

In the sliding member of the present embodiment, the narrow portion is provided on the back metal layer, and the bearing alloy layer is divided on the other end portion of the narrow portion.

Thus, in the bearing alloy layer, which is divided on the side of the other end portion of the narrow portion when the slider is bent into the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing, the deformation caused by the bending on the divided portion is alleviated. As a result, even if the slider is bent, deformation of the bearing alloy layer is reduced. Thus, local contact with the shaft member is reduced and wear or damage of the bearing alloy layer can be reduced.

In the slider of the present embodiment, the shortest distance of the space between the divided adjacent bearing alloy layers, i. H. the distance in the width direction, preferably 0.5 to 1.8 times the longest part of the narrow portion in the width direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.

Furthermore, in the slider of the present embodiment, the shortest distance of the space between the divided adjacent bearing alloy layers, i. H. the distance in the width direction, preferably 1.0 to 1.8 times the longest part.

In addition, in the slider of the present embodiment, the average hardness The narrow range is 1.1 to 1.7 times the average hardness of the wide portions, and a maximum hardness of the narrow portion is preferably 1.3 to 1.9 times the average hardness of the wide portions.

In the slider of the present embodiment, the total sum of the areas of the one-side end surfaces in the narrow region is preferably 1.3 to 9.0 times the total of the surfaces of the other-side end surfaces in the narrow region.

In the slider of the present embodiment, the total length of the narrow portion in the thickness direction is preferably 0.60 to 0.95 times the thickness of the slider. Here, the total length of the narrow region in the thickness direction refers to the shortest distance between the one-side end surface and the other-side end surface in the narrow region.

In the slider of the present embodiment, the maximum hardness in the narrow range is 320 to 400 HV, and the hardest portion is preferably within a range of 0.50 to 0.95 times the thickness of the slider from the one-side end surface in FIG the thickness direction isolated.

The narrow portion of the present embodiment has an hourglass shape with trapezoids symmetrically arranged to overlap in the thickness direction.

This makes it possible to easily secure a difference in the area between the one-side end surface and the other-side end surface.

The semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment is equipped with the above-described sliding member. The sliding member is formed from a flat shape into a semi-cylindrical shape so that the longitudinal direction of the narrow portion preferably falls within 10 ° of the direction of the axial line, and the narrow portion extending in the direction of the axial line is between the two provided in a circumferential direction, and one end portion forms an outer peripheral surface outside the diameter direction, and the other end portion forms an inner peripheral surface within the diameter direction.

Thus, in the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment, the one-side end surface results in the outer peripheral surface side, and the other-side end surface results in the inner peripheral surface side. The wide portions are arranged in the circumferential direction of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing, and the narrow portion is disposed between these wide portions. Thus, the narrow portion extends in the direction of the axial line of the semi-cylindrical slide bearing. Therefore, the sliding bearing is bent into a semi-cylindrical shape, both ends serving as supports in the circumferential direction of the narrow portion extending in the direction of the axial line, thus ensuring high accuracy for the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing.

The semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment has the wide portions and the narrow portion made of the same metal component, and is formed with a back metal layer in which a one-side end surface on the side of the one end portion which is the outer peripheral surface side, and a bearing alloy layer located on the side of the other end part closer to the inner peripheral surface side than the back metal layer.

The semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment is provided with the two or more narrow portions in the circumferential direction.

In this way, when the sliding members are bent into the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing, the sliding member is deformed with both ends serving as supports in the circumferential direction of the two or more narrow portions. Thus, the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing can be easily bent and the accuracy thereof can be easily ensured.

The semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment is provided with a groove extending in the direction of the axial line within the diameter direction of the narrow region.

The groove extending in the direction of the axial line may be used as a passage for a lubricant such as lubricating oil lubricating the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing and the shaft member. In addition, the bearing alloy layer is divided within the narrow area by forming the groove within the narrow area in the diameter direction. In such a case, when the bending is performed, the bearing alloy layer does not exist within the diameter direction at both ends of the narrow portions in the circumferential direction serving as supports. Therefore, it is possible to reduce unnecessary deformation of the bearing alloy layer accompanying the bending and to easily ensure the accuracy. Influences on the bearing alloy layer due to the production of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing can be minimized.

The method of manufacturing a flat sliding member of the present embodiment comprises a step of arranging two or more plate members and a step of applying rapid heating and rapid cooling to the parts where the disposed plate members contact each other linearly in a direction perpendicular to the plate thickness, and forming a narrow area to which rapid heating and rapid cooling are applied and wide areas including the narrow area.

This makes it possible to produce a semi-cylindrical slide bearing which can be easily machined and whose accuracy can be easily secured even if the size thereof is increased.

The method of manufacturing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment comprises a step of bending the plate members subjected to the rapid heating and rapid cooling into a semi-cylindrical shape with the narrow portion extending in the direction of the axial line, and the rapid heating and rapid cooling is applied to the side which becomes an outer circumferential surface when the plate members are bent into the semi-cylindrical shape and to the side which becomes an inner circumferential surface when the plate members are bent into the semi-cylindrical shape.

In the method of manufacturing a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment, the plate members include a back metal layer and a bearing alloy layer, and when the plate elements are bent into a semi-cylindrical shape, the back metal layer is located on the outer peripheral side and the bearing alloy layer is located on the inner peripheral side.

In the application of rapid heating and rapid cooling from the back metal layer side, it is possible to reduce deformation or damage of the bearing alloy layer caused by rapid heating and rapid cooling.

When making the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing, it is preferable to ensure that the bearing alloy layer is not near the place where rapid heating and rapid cooling are applied before the rapid heating and rapid cooling are carried out. This makes it possible to easily reduce deformation or damage of the bearing alloy layer accompanied with rapid heating and rapid cooling or bending.

An intermediate layer may also be provided between the back metal layer and the bearing alloy layer. A surface coating layer made of metal or resin may be provided on the surface after the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing of the present embodiment is manufactured.

In the method of manufacturing a semi-cylindrical journal bearing of the present invention, the rapid heating and rapid cooling is welding work of welding the two or more plate members. This makes it possible to easily form the wide areas and each narrow area arranged between the wide areas. The welding work is preferably carried out by means of electron beam welding in view of the control of the welding width and depth.

[Brief Description of the Figures]

1 is a schematic view illustrating a cross section of a sliding member.

2 FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the slider. FIG.

3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of III in FIG 1 ,

4 FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing using the sliding member. FIG.

5 FIG. 12 is a schematic view illustrating a manufacturing method of the sliding member. FIG.

6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the roundness of the semi-cylindrical plain bearing.

7 Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the roundness of a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing according to a comparative example.

8th is a view of a sliding element according to a comparative example accordingly 3 ,

9 is a view of a sliding member with a groove.

10 is a view of a sliding member with a groove.

11 is a view of a sliding member with a groove.

12 Fig. 13 is a view of a sliding member having a groove in which the center of the groove does not correspond to the center of the narrow portion in the width direction.

13 Fig. 12 is a view of a sliding member having a groove in which the narrow portion is inclined or bent in the thickness direction.

14 is a view of a sliding member with a narrow region according to claim 1.

Only the 14 represents an embodiment of a sliding element according to the invention.

[Description of the Embodiments]

Hereinafter, embodiments of a sliding member and a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing using the same will be described based on the accompanying drawings.

As in 1 and 2 is shown is a slider 10 with wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 and narrow areas 21 and 22 fitted. In the case of an in 1 and 2 The example shown is the sliding element 10 with three broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 fitted. The sliding element 10 is with the narrow area 21 between the wide area 11 and the wide area 12 and the narrow area 22 between the wide area 12 and the wide area 13 fitted. Thus, the slider is 10 with the narrow areas 21 and 22 between the adjacent broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 fitted. The adjacent wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 are together over the narrow areas 21 and 22 , to which rapid heating and rapid cooling is applied. In the case of the present embodiment, the rapid heating and the rapid cooling are welding work. That is, the adjacent wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 by melting over the narrow areas 21 and 22 be connected to each other.

When a width direction of the slider 10 , as in 1 and 2 is shown, the widths of the narrow areas are defined 21 and 22 set so that they are sufficiently smaller in the width direction than the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 are. Furthermore, the narrow areas 21 and 22 adjusted so that they have a higher hardness than the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 to have. In this case, the average hardness of each of the narrow areas 21 and 22 preferably 1.1 to 1.7 times an average of the average hardness of each of the wide ranges 11 . 12 and 13 set. The maximum hardness of each of the narrow areas 21 and 22 is preferably 1.3 to 1.9 times the average of the average hardness of each of the wide ranges 11 . 12 and 13 set.

In the sliding element 10 , as in 1 is shown, one end in a thickness direction is defined as one end part and the other end is defined as the other end part. In this case, the narrow range 21 a one-side endface 211 leading to the one end part of the sliding element 10 exposed, and another side end surface 212 which is exposed to the other end part, as in 1 is shown. Likewise has the narrow range 22 a one-side endface 221 and another side end surface 222 , The other-side end surfaces 212 and 222 the narrow areas 21 and 22 are set to have smaller exposed areas than the one-side end faces 211 and 221 , That means that in the narrow areas 21 and 22 the areas of the one-side end faces 211 and 221 from the surfaces of the other-side end surfaces 212 and 222 differ. More specifically, a total of the areas of the one-side end surfaces becomes 211 and 221 the narrow areas 21 and 22 preferably set to be 1.3 to 9.0 times a total of the areas of the other-side end surfaces 212 and 222 is. In the case of the present embodiment, the adjacent wide areas are 11 . 12 and 13 by welding over the narrow areas 21 and 22 connected with each other. When the welding work is applied from the one end side in the thickness direction, or more specifically, from the side of the one end part, the narrow portions become 21 and 22 formed in a trapezoidal shape in which the width of one end portion to the other end portion in a in 1 shown cross-sectional view becomes smaller.

The sliding element 10 includes a back metal layer 31 and a bearing alloy layer 32 which are laminated together in the thickness direction, as in 1 and 2 is shown. The reverse metal layer 31 is made of steel for example and the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 and the narrow areas 21 and 22 are made of the same metal component. This reverse metal layer 31 forms an end surface 31 one end part. This endface 31 forms an end face that has the same surface area as the one-side end faces 211 and 221 the narrow areas 21 and 22 represents. The bearing alloy layer 32 is at the side of the other end part of the back metal layer 31 laminated. The bearing alloy layer 32 is formed of a metal such as Al, Cu, Sn, Ag or an alloy in which various elements are added to these metals. In the case of the present embodiment, the bearing alloy layer is 32 on the side of the other end part of the narrow areas 21 and 22 divided up. That is, the bearing alloy layer 32 is not on the other end portions of the narrow areas 21 and 22 laminated.

The shortest distance of a space between the divided adjacent bearing alloy layers 32 will be in relation to the longest part of the narrow areas 21 and 22 set in the width direction. The narrow area 21 is exemplified using 3 to be discribed. The narrow area 22 will not be described with reference to the drawings, but the same applies to the narrow range 21 ,

As described above, the exposed area of the narrow area is different 21 between the one-side endface 211 and the other side end surface 212 , More specifically, the area is the one-side end surface 211 of the narrow area 21 larger than the area of the other side end face 212 , For this reason, the width of the narrow area differs 21 in the width direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. That is, in the present embodiment, the width of the narrow region tends 21 toward, toward the one-side endface 211 and tends toward the other-side end-face 212 to decrease. A maximum width of the narrow area 21 is defined as a longest part Wm. The longest part Wm is 0.1 to 5.0% of a total length of the slider 10 in the width direction with respect to the production of the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing, and more preferably 0.5 to 2.0%. Because the bearing alloy layer 32 on the side of the other end part of the narrow area 21 is divided, a space D is formed in the width direction of the side of the other end portion. In this case, the shortest distance of the space of the divided adjacent bearing alloy layer becomes 32 , ie the space D, adjusted to 0.5 to 1.8 times the longest part Wm. In particular, the space D of the bearing alloy layer becomes 32 preferably set to 1.0 to 1.8 times the longest part Wm. Because the bearing alloy layer 32 on the side of the other end part of the narrow area 21 is divided in this way, is a total length Ts of the narrow range 21 smaller in the thickness direction than a thickness T of the entire slider 10 , In this case, the total length Ts becomes the narrow range 21 in the thickness direction to 0.60 to 0.95 times the thickness T of the slider 10 set.

The hardness of the narrow areas 21 and 22 , shown in 1 and 2 , may differ from one place to another. Especially if the narrow areas 21 and 22 can be formed by applying welding work from an end part, as in the present embodiment, the hardness of the narrow portions 21 and 22 have a distribution in the thickness direction. In the case of the present embodiment, the maximum hardness of the narrow portions becomes 21 and 22 set to HV 320 to 400. Part of the narrow areas 21 and 22 where the maximum hardness is reached is the hardest part. This hardest part is within a range of 0.50 to 0.95 times the thickness T of the one-side end surfaces 211 and 221 localized in the thickness direction.

Next, the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing which is the above-described sliding member 10 used to be described.

As described above, the slider is 10 Shaped into a flat shape with a variety of wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 and the narrow areas 21 and 22 that exist between the broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 are arranged, equipped. The flat sliding element 10 becomes a semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 transferred by putting it in a semi-cylindrical shape, as in 4 shown is being edited. The semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 is used as a crosshead bearing of a large motor for vehicles or the like. The semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 for such an application is designed to have, for example, an outer diameter of about 500 mm, an overall length in the direction of the axial line of about 500 mm and a thickness of about 15 mm. In the case of the present embodiment, the narrow portions extend 21 and 22 parallel to a central axis of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 50 which has a semi-cylindrical shape. Therefore, the semi-cylindrical slide bearing 50 the present embodiment with the narrow areas 21 and 22 extending in the direction of the axial line between the broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 , which are arranged in the circumferential direction, extend, equipped. In this case, the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 bent into a semi-cylindrical shape, so that the bearing alloy layer 32 of the sliding element 10 on the inner peripheral side. Therefore forms the end side 41 on the side of the one end part of the sliding element 10 the outer circumferential surface of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 50 , On the other hand, the surface of the bearing alloy layer forms 32 of the sliding element 10 the inner circumferential surface of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 50 ,

As in 1 and 2 are shown are in the case when the sliding member 10 with the two narrow areas 21 and 22 between the three broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 equipped, the two narrow areas 21 and 22 provided in the circumferential direction as in 4 is shown if the sliding element 10 in the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 is transformed. Thus, two or more narrow areas 21 and 22 preferably provided in the circumferential direction. The bearing alloy layer 32 is on the side of the other end part of the narrow areas 21 and 22 split and if the slider 10 in the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 is converted, is the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 with grooves 51 and 52 extending in the direction of the axial line within the diameter direction of the narrow regions 21 and 22 extend, equipped. If the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 and a shaft member, which becomes a connecting member (not shown), slide against each other, these grooves can 51 and 52 as a passage of a lubricant lubricating these sliding parts can be used.

Next, a method of manufacturing the sliding member described above 10 and semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 based on 5 to be discribed.

When the sliding element 10 is made two or more rectangular plate elements 60 provided first, as shown in step (A). These plate elements 60 are so-called bimetals, which consist of a reverse metal layer 61 and a bearing alloy layer 62 , which are laminated to each other, consist. In the case of the present embodiment, the back metal layer is 61 Steel and the bearing alloy layer 62 is an aluminum alloy. The plate elements 60 are then previously in accordance with the desired sizes of the sliding element 10 and the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 formed as shown in step (B). Part of the bearing alloy layer 62 will be removed. The removal of part of the bearing alloy layer 62 causes the bearing alloy layer 62 on the side of the other end part of the narrow areas 21 and 22 is split when the sliding element 10 is formed.

The shaped plate elements 60 are placed side by side as shown in step (C). The parts where the plate elements 60 adjacent to each other are welded using, for example, an electron beam. Welding work is carried out linearly, so that the adjacent plate elements 60 get connected. When welding work from the side, the other end part of the plate element 60 is performed, that is, in a direction from the side of the back metal layer 61 , the electron beam radiating from the side of the one end part penetrates into the back metal layer 61 up to the side of the other end part thereof. The three plate elements 60 are thereby connected in one piece to the sliding element 10 to build. The welded parts of the sliding element 10 become the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the rest will be the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 , As described above, the bearing alloy layer becomes 62 the plate elements 60 at positions that are the side of the other end part of the narrow areas 21 and 22 correspond, split. For this reason, when welding work is performed by radiating the electron beam from the side of the one end part, there is no thermal influence on the bearing alloy layer 62 during welding. As a result, it is possible to make characteristic changes such as a conversion of the bearing alloy layer 62 to reduce.

The formed sliding element 10 gets into the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 , which has a semi-cylindrical shape, bent. More specifically, the slider is 10 so bent that the narrow areas 21 and 22 , in the 1 and 2 are shown, parallel to the axis of the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 are oriented. In this case, the sliding element becomes 10 bent so that the bearing alloy layer 32 on the inner peripheral side. As a result, as in 4 is shown in the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 the back metal layer 31 on which the one-side end face 211 is formed, opposite to an outer peripheral side and the bearing alloy layer 32 on the reverse metal layer 31 is laminated, is opposite to the inner peripheral side. The curved sliding element 10 is converted into the semi-cylindrical plain bearing, as in 4 is shown by the necessary work on the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side is applied.

The narrow areas 21 and 22 are between the adjacent broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 provided as in the present embodiment. Therefore, when the connected slider 10 is machined into a cylindrical shape so that the narrow areas 21 and 22 parallel to the axis, both ends of the narrow areas 21 and 22 Supports in the circumferential direction. More specifically, in the case of the example shown in FIG 3 shown is the narrow area 21 that is between the wide range 11 and the wide area 12 is arranged with the wide range 11 and the wide area 12 at a boundary part 71 and a boundary part 72 , which are located at both ends of the narrow area in the circumferential direction, connected. As described above, the narrow range is different 21 in the hardness of the wide areas 11 and 12 , That is, a part with discontinuous hardness will be between the wide areas 11 and 12 and the narrow area 21 educated. For this reason, the sliding element becomes 10 at the border parts 71 and 72 between the broad areas 11 and 12 bent and the narrow area 21 with discontinuous hardness as a support. In this case, the side of the other end part has the narrow range 21 which is on the inner peripheral side, a smaller width than the side of the other end part. As a result, this makes fine control of the radius of curvature easier as the sliding element 10 slightly around a part that has a shorter distance in the Width direction of the two boundary parts 71 and 72 as the bending center has, can be bent. Thus makes the slider 10 In the present embodiment, a fine control of the radius of curvature is easier and it is therefore possible for the sliding element 10 with high accuracy in the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 that has a semi-cylindrical shape to transform.

As in 6 is shown, has the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing 50 coming from the slider 10 of the present embodiment, has a roundness of 0.21 mm at the outer circumferential surface. The roundness was measured using the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 which has an outer diameter of 450 mm. The roundness indicates an error relative to a perfect circle, and the smaller the numerical value, the higher the roundness. As a comparative example, a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing having a conventional simplex-type member had a roundness of 0.27 mm. It is therefore clear that the sliding element 10 the present embodiment and the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 50 that this sliding element 10 used, have improved dimensional accuracy, in particular roundness, compared to the prior art. If the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 which has a high dimensional accuracy, is installed in a housing of a cross-head bearing, an asymmetrical contact with the housing or a counter-movement can be reduced on the outer peripheral side. As a result, it is possible to prevent seizure between the semi-cylindrical slide bearing 50 and reduce the housing.

Furthermore, the narrow areas 21 and 22 by melting in the sliding element 10 formed in the present embodiment. That allows the narrow areas 21 and 22 can be made slightly harder than the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 , It is therefore possible to easily generate a hardness at the boundary between the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 is discontinuous, wherein the sliding element 10 bent at the boundary parts as a support and can be bent accurately into a semi-cylindrical shape. When the sliding element 10 at the boundary parts between the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 As supports are bent, bending tends to be easier, the greater the difference in hardness between the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 is. On the other hand, if the difference in hardness between the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 too much, it will be necessary to change a machining tool in accordance with the hardness to the final finish to the outer shape of the semi-cylindrical slide bearing 50 which may reduce versatility or shorten the life of the machining tool. Therefore, the present embodiment provides the hardness of the narrow portions 21 and 22 1.1 to 1.9 times that of wide ranges 11 . 12 and 13 which allows cutting using the same machining tool while ensuring the function as supports for bending based on the difference in hardness. Thus, it is possible to extend the life of, for example, a cutting tool while increasing the versatility thereof.

In the present embodiment, the space D becomes the divided bearing alloy layer 32 to 0.5 to 1.8 times the longest part Wm of the narrow areas 21 and 22 set. Also, with respect to the areas of the narrow areas 21 and 22 , the sum total of the areas of the one-side end faces 211 and 221 1.3 to 9.0 times the total sum of the areas of the other side end surfaces 212 and 222 set. Furthermore, the average hardness of each of the narrow areas becomes 21 and 22 1.1 to 1.7 times an average of the average hardness of each of the wide ranges 11 . 12 and 13 is set, and a maximum hardness of each area becomes 1.3 to 1.9 times an average of the average hardness of each of the wide areas 11 . 12 and 13 set. By the space D of the split bearing alloy layer 32 , the area ratio of the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the hardness ratio of the narrow areas 21 and 22 or the like, it becomes possible, not only the dimensional accuracy of the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 50 but also the dimensional accuracy in the grooves 51 and 52 on the inner peripheral side of the narrow areas 21 and 22 are formed. That is, by the space D of the bearing alloy layer 32 , the area ratio of the narrow areas 21 and 22 and the hardness ratio of the narrow areas 21 and 22 is controlled so that they fall within a specified range, the roundness of the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 , which is the sliding element machined into a semi-cylindrical shape 10 is to be further improved. A check of irregular deformation in the narrow area 21 reduces local contact between the machined semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 and the housing on the outer peripheral side. Local contact between the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 and the housing may be defined as unevenness of the inner peripheral surface passing through the bearing alloy layer 32 is formed, protrude. As a result, when there is local contact between the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing 50 and the housing occurs, sliding between the semi-cylindrical sliding bearing 50 and the crosshead needle, which is the connector, local fatigue or damage to the bearing alloy layer 32 of the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 cause. The present embodiment defines the elements of the respective sections as described above and thereby can provide local contact between the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing 50 and the housing, a concomitant damage by eating on the back of the semi-cylindrical slide bearing 50 reduce local fatigue or damage to the bearing alloy layer.

In the present embodiment, the total length Ts of the narrow areas becomes 21 and 22 to 0.60 to 0.95 times the thickness T of the slider 10 and the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 set. Continue to have the narrow areas 21 and 22 which are formed by welding, a maximum hardness of HV 320 to 400 and the hardest part is within a range of 0.50 to 0.95 times the thickness T of the one-side end face 211 localized in the thickness direction. Cyclic deformation is in the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 in an environment with a dynamic load in operation. The present embodiment represents the total length of the narrow areas 21 and 22 , the hardness and the position of the hardest portion or the like as described above, thereby maintaining the strength even when cyclic deformation occurs. Thereby, the durability can be maintained even in a high load environment.

Other Embodiments

In the sliding element 10 can the shape of the groove 51 of the sliding element 10 consisting of the split bearing alloy layer 32 is formed, can be set arbitrarily, as the grooves 511 . 512 and 513 , as in 9 to 11 is shown. Furthermore, not only the bearing alloy layer 32 , but also a part of the reverse metal layer 31 of the sliding element 10 be deleted. That is, in the case of the slider 10 , this in 9 to 11 is shown, the groove 51 not only in the bearing alloy layer 32 but also in a part of the reverse metal layer 31 educated.

In the sliding element 10 , as in 12 shown, the center of the groove 51 the center of the narrow area 21 do not correspond in the width direction. Alternatively, in the sliding element 10 , as in 13 shown is the narrow area 21 in the thickness direction also be inclined or bent. As described above, the ratio of the narrow range 21 with the groove 51 or be set arbitrarily with the thickness direction.

In the sliding element according to the invention 10 , as in 14 is shown is the narrow area 81 shaped in an hourglass shape. The narrow area 81 is formed into an hourglass shape by applying welding work from both ends in the thickness direction. The hourglass shape is a shape in which trapezoids overlap symmetrically in the thickness direction. That is, the narrow range 81 is between a one-side endface 811 and another side end surface 812 limited in the thickness direction. If the narrow area 81 thus formed into an hourglass shape becomes the one-side end surface 811 set to have a larger exposed area, ie, a larger projection area, in the thickness direction than the other-side end area 812 , Furthermore, the center corresponds to the groove 51 preferably the center of the narrow area in the width direction.

An example of the sliding element 10 and the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 was described in the above embodiments, where the three broad areas 11 . 12 and 13 and the two narrow areas 21 and 22 are provided. However, in the sliding element 10 and the semi-cylindrical plain bearing 50 the number of wide areas and narrow areas can be set as desired. In addition, if a plurality of sliding elements 10 and semi-cylindrical plain bearings 50 are provided with a plurality of narrow areas, all of the plurality of narrow areas are made to satisfy the above condition, or at least one of the plurality of narrow areas can be made to satisfy the above condition.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Slide

11, 12, 13

Wide range

21, 22

Narrow area

31, 61

Back metal layer

32, 62

Bearing alloy layer

50

Semicylindrical sliding bearing

51, 511, 512, 513

groove

60

panel member

211, 221, 811

A-side end surface

212, 222, 812

Other side-end surface

Claims (14)

Sliding element ( 10 ) having a flat shape and used for a semi-cylindrical sliding bearing comprising: at least two or more wide portions ( 11 . 12 . 13 ); and one or more narrow area (s) ( 81 ) between the broad areas ( 11 . 12 . 13 ), wherein a total length in a width direction thereof is smaller than that of the wide area (FIG. 11 . 12 . 13 ), and who has a greater hardness than the broad areas ( 11 . 12 . 13 ), assuming that one end in one thickness direction is an end part and it is assumed that the other end in the thickness direction is the other end part, the narrow area (FIG. 81 ) comprises: a one-side end face ( 811 ) exposed to the one end portion; and another side end surface ( 812 ) exposed to the other end part and a smaller exposed area than the one-side end face (FIG. 811 ), where in the narrow range ( 81 ) the total length of the other side end face ( 812 ) in the width direction is smaller than the total length of the one-side end surface ( 811 ) in the width direction through the longitudinal direction, wherein a maximum width (Wm) of the narrow area (FIG. 81 ) 0.1 to 5.0% of a total length of the sliding element ( 10 ), including the broad areas ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) and the narrow range ( 81 ) in the width direction, and further comprising: a back metal layer ( 31 . 61 ), which covers the broad areas ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) and the narrow area ( 81 ) and a bearing alloy layer ( 32 . 62 ) located closer to the other end part side than the back metal layer ( 31 . 61 ), and on the side of the other end part of the narrow area ( 81 ) through a groove ( 51 ), wherein the groove ( 51 ) in the bearing alloy layer ( 32 . 62 ) and in a part of the reverse metal layer ( 31 . 61 ), and the narrow area ( 81 ) an hourglass shape with trapezoids arranged symmetrically so as to be in the thickness direction on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the narrow region (FIG. 81 ), overlap, has. Sliding element ( 10 ) according to claim 1, wherein: the back metal layer ( 31 . 61 ) the broad areas ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) and the narrow area ( 81 ) made of an identical metal component. Sliding element ( 10 ) according to claim 2, wherein the shortest distance of the space (D) between the divided adjacent bearing alloy layers ( 32 . 62 ) 0.5 to 1.8 times the maximum part (Wm) of the narrow area ( 81 ) in the width direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. Sliding element ( 10 ) according to claim 3, wherein the shortest distance of the space (D) between the divided adjacent bearing alloy layers ( 32 . 62 ) 1.0 to 1.8 times the longest part (Wm) of the narrow region ( 81 ) in the width direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. Sliding element ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the average hardness of the narrow range ( 81 ) 1.1 to 1.7 times the average hardness of the broad ranges ( 11 . 12 . 13 ), and the maximum hardness of the narrow range ( 81 ) 1.3 to 1.9 times the average hardness of the broad areas ( 11 . 12 . 13 ). Sliding element ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the total sum of the areas of the one-side end surfaces ( 811 ) in the narrow area ( 81 ) 1.3 to 9.0 times the total sum of the areas of the other side end faces ( 812 ) in the narrow area ( 81 ). Sliding element ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the total length (Ts) of the narrow region (Ts) 81 ) in the thickness direction 0.60 to 0.95 times the thickness (T) of the sliding element ( 10 ). Sliding element ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the maximum hardness in the narrow range ( 81 ) Is 320 to 400 HV, and the hardest part within a range of 0.50 to 0.95 times the thickness (T) of the sliding member (FIG. 10 ) from the one-side end face ( 811 ) is located in the thickness direction. Semicylindrical plain bearing ( 50 ), which the sliding element ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the narrow region ( 81 ) extending in the direction of the axial line between the wide areas (FIG. 11 . 12 . 13 ) provided in a circumferential direction, and one end part forms an outer peripheral surface outside the diametric direction and the other end part forms an inner peripheral surface within the diametral direction. Semicylindrical plain bearing ( 50 ) according to claim 9, wherein two or more narrow areas ( 81 ) are provided in the circumferential direction. Semicylindrical plain bearing ( 50 ) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the groove ( 51 ) in the direction of the axial line within the diameter direction of the narrow region (FIG. 81 ). Method for producing a flat sliding element ( 10 ) according to claim 1, comprising a step of bending into a semi-cylindrical shape into a semi-cylindrical plain bearing ( 50 ), comprising: a step of arranging two or more plate elements ( 60 ); and a step of applying rapid heating and rapid cooling to the part where the plate elements ( 60 ) are arranged in contact with each other, linearly in a direction perpendicular to the Plate thickness, and forming one or more narrow areas / e ( 81 ) to which rapid heating and rapid cooling are applied, and broad ranges ( 11 . 12 . 13 ), which covers the narrow area ( 81 ) lock in. Method for producing a semi-cylindrical plain bearing ( 50 ), which describes the method for producing a flat sliding element ( 10 ) according to claim 12, and further comprising a step of bending the plate elements ( 60 ) exposed to rapid heating and rapid cooling, into a semi-cylindrical shape, the narrow region ( 81 ) extends in the direction of the axial line. Method for producing a semi-cylindrical plain bearing ( 50 ) according to claim 13, wherein the rapid heating and rapid cooling welding work of welding the two or more plate elements ( 60 ).

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