WO2009059344A2

WO2009059344A2 - Bearing element

Info

Publication number: WO2009059344A2
Application number: PCT/AT2008/000404
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jakob Zidar
Original assignee: Miba Gleitlager Gmbh
Priority date: 2007-11-09
Filing date: 2008-11-10
Publication date: 2009-05-14
Also published as: WO2009059344A3; DE112008002866A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing element (1), in particular a slide bearing, comprising a support element (2) and a running layer (4) that is arranged over said support element and that comprises a running surface (8). Said running layer (4) is at least partially made of a first partial running layer (5) and a second partial running layer (6) that is softer than the first. At least the second partial running layer (6) has a varying layer thickness over the length (7) and/or width of the running surface (8).

Description

bearing element

The invention relates to a bearing element with a support element and a running layer arranged thereon.

Conventional liners of plain bearings are either made of soft materials, e.g. Lead, tin, bismuth, or formed by hard materials, such as alloys of copper, silver or nickel. Soft running layers are characterized by their high embedding capacity against dirt and foreign body particles, but wear out quickly or break under very high loads. Hard skins have a high wear resistance and are highly resilient, but react aggressively to dirt particles.

Object of the present invention is to provide a highly wear-resistant bearing element with improved soil compatibility.

This object of the invention is achieved in that the running layer of a bearing element is formed by at least a first partial application layer and a comparatively softer second partial application layer, and the second partial application layer has a varying layer thickness over a length and / or a width of the tread. It is thus achieved an adaptation to the respective load case of the bearing element, on the one hand, the embedding ability for dirt particles from the abrasion is ensured by the soft Teillaufschicht and on the other hand, the wear resistance and resilience due to the harder Teillaufschicht. Although optionally the lubricating gap geometry varies due to the varying layer thickness of the soft Teillaufschicht over the circumference of the bearing element, which is prin cially undesirable, no deterioration of the sliding properties could be observed in the bearing element according to the invention, in particular because in areas with a reduced lubricating gap, the outer part already from the break-in phase, this sliding properties takes over. Unlike in the case of known sliding bearings of the prior art, in which an attempt is made to provide the combination of these two properties, namely hard and soft regions, in one layer, in order to achieve a uniform layer thickness, the bearing element according to the invention is therefore used makes it possible to vary this by a specific application of a soft partial application layer and to adapt it to the load case. It is thus also the manufacturability of this bearing element ver simplifies, in particular, thus a defined state of the bearing element in terms of its properties are made available from the beginning. In particular, in the combination of such partially-formed layers a significant increase in the wear resistance of the bearing element could be observed, so that trained storage demes are particularly suitable for high-strength, wear-resistant applications.

The second partial application layer can be arranged exclusively in areas that are exposed to low loads during operation. It is thus the load-bearing capacity of the bearing element in high-stress areas improved by the harder first part coat layer and onererseits reduces the embedding ability for dirt particles on less loaded areas, whereby the second part coat layer is subjected to less wear and the bearing element remains functional over a longer period of time. For this purpose, the layer thickness of the second partial application layer in the range between 0 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m can vary over the surface of the tread.

It is possible for the first partial application layer to be arranged exclusively in those regions in which the layer thickness of the second partial application layer is between 0 μm and 20 μm, preferably 0 μm to 10 μm. As a result, part of the material of the first partial application layer can be saved.

In addition, this can optionally be dispensed with an additional mechanical post-processing for the completion of the bearing element, or the layer thickness variance of the overlay can be reduced.

The second partial application layer may be at least partially tongue-like in the running direction of a component to be supported. It is thus the lubricity of the bearing element in the middle region and the embedding of dirt particles, which can be introduced via an oil groove in the counter shell, improved.

It is further possible for the second partial application layer to have a layer thickness of more than 15 μm in one or more edge regions and / or front end regions of the tread or to be arranged exclusively in these regions. It is thus achieved that radially penetrating particles are already embedded in the front end region, so that they at least for the most part do not penetrate into the middle region of the bearing element. In particular, the second partial application layer is arranged following a dust bag, which may be formed in the front end region of the bearing element. Due to the arrangement in the edge or longitudinal edge regions, a better adaptability and load capacity or installation can be achieved while reducing possible shaft friction in these areas during the running-in phase of the bearing element.

The tongue-like configuration of the second partial application layer can go so far that outer boundaries of the second partial application layer-viewed in the direction of travel-are hyperbola-shaped, that is, a narrow band is present on the second partial application layer even in regions with higher stress. The second partial application layer can thereby be made thinner without deterioration of the sliding properties of the bearing element.

The surface area of the second partial application layer in areas in which the layer thickness is> 15 μm may be between 25%, in particular 30%, preferably 35%, and 70%, in particular 60%, preferably 50%, of the total surface of the tread. Below 25%, an above-average deterioration of the contamination of the bearing element was observed, above 70%, in turn, the load is deteriorated by too low a proportion of hard, first partial wear layer, whereby the wear and fatigue strength of the bearing element are deteriorated overall. The layer thickness may in particular be greater than 20 microns, preferably greater than 30 microns.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:

Figure 1 is a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell in side view.

2 shows a cross section through the plain bearing of Figure 1 along the section line H-II ..;

3 shows a cross section through the sliding bearing of Figure 1 along the section line IH-III ..; - A -

FIG. 4 shows the unrolled running surface of the plain bearing according to FIG. 1 in plan view; FIG.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the sliding bearing according to Fig. 1 according to the section line

V-V in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 shows a cross section through the sliding bearing according to Fig. 1 corresponding to the section line

VI-VI in Fig. 4;

7 shows a variant of the sliding bearing in plan view of the running layer.

8 shows a variant of the plain bearing in plan view of the running layer.

Fig. 9 shows a cross section through the sliding bearing according to Fig. 8 corresponding to the section line

IX-IX in Fig. 8;

10 shows a variant of the plain bearing in plan view of the running layer.

11 shows a variant of the sliding bearing in plan view of the running layer.

12 shows a variant of the plain bearing in plan view of the running layer.

13 shows a variant of the sliding bearing in plan view of the running layer;

14 shows a cross section through the sliding bearing according to FIG. 14 corresponding to the section line XV-XV in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 shows a variant of the sliding bearing in plan view of the running layer; FIG.

16 shows a cross section through the slide bearing according to FIG. 15 corresponding to the section line XVI-XVI in FIG. 15;

17 shows a cross section through the sliding bearing according to FIG. 15 corresponding to the section line XVII-XVII in FIG. 15. FIGS. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment variant of a bearing element 1 in the form of a plain bearing half shell with a supporting element 2 or a supporting shell, a bearing metal layer 3 and a running layer 4.

It should already be mentioned at this point that the invention is not limited to bearing elements 1 in the form of plain bearing half shells, but rather also other bearing elements 1 are included, such as. Thrust rings, solid shell bearing elements, bushings, as well as directly coated applications, such as e.g. Connecting rod bearings, connecting rod eyes, etc.

The support member 2 is usually made of steel, but may of course be made of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as e.g. Brass, bronzes, etc. Through the support member 2 a dimensional stability is achieved.

It is not absolutely necessary within the scope of the invention that a bearing metal layer 3 is arranged between the running layer 4 and the supporting element 2, but rather the running layer 4 can be arranged directly on the supporting element 2, e.g. when a connecting rod eye is coated directly.

The bearing metal layer 3 may, in principle, consist of the usual bearing metals known from the prior art for such bearing elements 1.

Furthermore, it is possible to arrange at least one intermediate layer in the form of a bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer at least between individual layers, for example the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 3 and / or the bearing metal layer 3 and the overlay 4. The bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers may consist of the materials customary for this purpose.

The diffusion barrier layers usually have a small layer thickness of 1 to 3 microns. Tie layers can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.

The bearing metal layer 3 may have a layer thickness selected from a range having a lower limit of 100 μm, preferably 300 μm, and an upper limit of 3 mm, preferably 1 mm, the support element 2 may have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm, and an upper limit of 20 mm, preferably 8 mm.

According to the invention, it is provided that the running layer 4 is formed at least from a first partial application layer 5 and, in the installation position of the bearing element 1, at least partially above the first arranged second partial application layer 6. Thus, for example, it is possible for the second partial application layer 6 to be arranged on the running surface 8 in opposite front end regions, as shown in FIG. 4, or it is also possible for this second, softer partial application layer 6 to be formed in only one end region is.

According to the invention, the second partial application layer 6 is formed with a varying layer thickness over a length 7 and / or width of a running surface 8 of the overlay 4. In particular, the layer thickness can vary between 0 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, so that regions on the running surface 8 can also be present, in which only the first harder part-application layer 5 is arranged.

For example, In this embodiment, the partial application layer 5 has a thickness of between 10 μm and 100 μm, preferably 15 μm to 40 μm, in the region of the front end regions (FIGS. 2 and 6) or between 0 μm and 10 μm, preferably between 0 μm and 5 μm, in the middle region (FIGS. 3 and 5). The transition from the thinner area to the thicker area is continuous. At the same time, the total layer thickness of the overlay 4 remains at least approximately the same over at least approximately its entire length 7. This can be achieved by making the first part-coat layer 5 thicker in regions where the second part-coat layer 6 is thinner, and vice versa.

However, the partial application layer 5 may have an approximately constant layer thickness over the entire bearing element 1 or may even have a higher or lower layer thickness in the same region as the partial application layer 6. In order nevertheless to achieve the desired wall thickness profile of the bearing element 1, it is possible to adapt the thickness of a layer arranged underneath, thus e.g. the bearing metal layer 3, take place.

The second partial application layer 6 preferably has a Vickers microhardness between HV 10 and HV 65 or between HV 12 and HV 50 or between HV 20 and HV 25, each with a test load of 3 pond. The first partial application layer 5, however, has a Vickers microhardness of HV 30 or more, for example between HV 50 and HV 400 or between HV 80 and HV 250 or between HV 90 and HV 300, in each case at a test load of 10 pond and always with the proviso that the second partial application layer 6 of a bearing element 1 is softer than the first partial application layer 5.

In the simplest variant of the invention (not shown), the first partial application layer 5 extends over the entire running surface 8 of the bearing element 1 and the second partial application layer 6 is arranged only in regions of the running surface 8, wherein the entire coating of this running surface 8 with the second Partial application layer 6 should not be excluded.

However, within the scope of the invention it is also possible for the first partial application layer 5 to be formed next to the second partial application layer 7, ie regions on the running surface 8 exist in which only the first partial application layer 5 is arranged and regions exist in which exclusively the second partial application layer 6 is arranged. In this case too, it is possible for the second partial application layer 6 to project beyond the first partial application layer 5 in the direction of a component to be supported, for example a shaft (not illustrated).

The layer thickness of the second partial application layer 6 may be over the surface of the tread 8, e.g. also vary between 40 .mu.m and 80 .mu.m or between 20 .mu.m and 40 .mu.m or between 60 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, whereby larger and smaller variation widths than the given examples are possible. This range of variation refers to those areas in which the layer thickness is greater than 10 microns. However, even in the areas with a small layer thickness between 0 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m, a variation of the layer thickness is possible. In any case, the variation of the layer thickness of the second partial application layer 6 over the entire surface of the overlay 8 is greater than a production-related fluctuation width of the layer thickness of such overlays 4.

The second partial application layer 6 can be formed by at least one soft-phase element selected from a group comprising lead, tin, bismuth, zinc, aluminum, indium alloys or a bonded coating, as described in AT 501 878 B. On the other hand, the first partial application layer may be formed of at least one element selected from a group comprising copper, silver, nickel, lead, tin, bismuth, zinc, aluminum and their alloys. Preference is given to copper, silver, nickel, their alloys and aluminum-based alloys.

Due to the variant of the invention corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 6, a simpler manufacture of the bearing element 1, with respect to the other embodiments, achieved. In addition, the bearing element 1 can also be installed in 180 ° rotated position by the symmetrical design.

Various exemplary embodiments of the running layer 4 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 7 to 17, the above statements being correspondingly applicable with regard to the layer thicknesses.

Illustratively, it is explained with reference to FIGS. 2 to 17 that punctured layer thicknesses of the second partial application layer 6 are shown which vary or vary between 10 and 100 μm, preferably between 15 and 40 μm, and white layer thicknesses of the second partial application layer 6 in the range between 0 and 0 μm and 20 μm, preferably between 0 μm and 15 μm, for example between 0 μm and 10 μm or between 0 μm and 5 μm. For the purposes of the invention, therefore, regions having a relatively small layer thickness are distinguished from regions of relatively high layer thickness. At each bearing element 1 according to the invention, therefore, the dotted area has a higher layer thickness of the second partial application layer 6 than the white area. Areas with a layer thickness between 0 and 10 microns can be at least partially regarded as an inlet layer.

For embedding dirt particles is in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the larger layer thickness of the second partial layer 6, taking into account the relative movement, ie the direction of rotation, if the component to be stored only rotates in one direction, on the area at the two bearing shells in the installed state collide confined. It is advantageous if the region of the second partial application layer 6 extends into the region of 45 ° with respect to the direction of rotation, since cavitation or corrosion of the overlay 4 is greatest in this region because of the possible reduction of the lubricating gap can. Only for the sake of completeness it should be mentioned that a slide bearing does not necessarily have to have two identical half-shells, but one of them can be designed according to the invention, for example the lower half-shell of a bearing, and the counter-shell can be designed differently, eg according to the state of the art be.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show an embodiment of the tread 4 according to the invention, in which the relatively thick, soft tipping layer 6 is not limited only to the areas of the bearing element 1 which are less loaded or less stressed, but is also arranged in the main loaded zone. that is in the middle region in the direction of the length 7, in particular in continuation of an oil groove in the counter shell (not shown), can penetrate through the dirt and abrasion particles on the oil in the storage area. Of course, it is possible that in the presence of a plurality of oil grooves, a plurality of regions with the second partial application layer 6 are formed in this sense.

FIGS. 10 to 12 are intended to illustrate that the relatively thicker part-wearing layer 6 is not necessarily rectangular, but that other geometrical shapes (seen in plan view) are also possible according to the load case, whereby it should already be pointed out at this point that it is in the In the context of this description, it is not possible to represent all of these variants of the embodiment, but the illustrated examples are to be understood as such and not restricting the scope of the invention. It is essential within the scope of the invention, however, that the second, softer partial application layer 6 is formed with a varying layer thickness, with preferably higher layer thicknesses in the range between 10 and 100 microns in those areas of the tread 8 are formed, in which the bearing element 1 a lower load experiences.

According to FIG. 10, the second, softer, partial application layer 6 is tongue-like, and extends, starting from a butt end region or end side end region, in the direction of the second butt end region. As shown by the spacing to the end, the formation of so-called. Dust bags is possible, as is possible with the other embodiments variants.

In a further development to Fig. 1 1 shows an embodiment in which the thicker second partial application layer 6 is tapered in the direction of the center of the tread 8, that is provided with at least approximately hyperbola-like boundary lines. The layer thickness can be formed starting from the Stoßendbereich to the center area decreasing, so that the second part of the layer 6 in this embodiment, as well as in the other embodiments, in the middle region has a smaller layer thickness.

In essence, the embodiments according to FIGS. 10 and 11 are a combination of those according to FIGS. 1 to 9.

FIG. 12 shows a variant of that according to FIG. 10, in which the tongue-like extension is designed to be significantly narrower, but the base region of the partial application layer 6, that is to say that region which lies in the region of the joint end region, is made significantly wider.

In particular, the embodiments according to FIGS. 10 to 12 and 15 are suitable if due to an unintended curvature of the bearing element 1 a better adaptability of the overlay 4 is required because of reduced lubrication gap.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a variant embodiment in which the thicker second partial application layer 6 extends exclusively in the region of the two longitudinal side edges of the tread 8. These two "bands" may have a width (perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, and the width is preferably between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, for example between 1 mm and 5 mm.

Representing combination possibilities of different geometric configurations, FIGS. 15 to 17 show a combination of the embodiment variant according to FIG. 12 with that according to FIGS. 13 and 14.

In general, it is possible, if no direct coating of the support element 2 is carried out that for the production of the bearing element 1 according to the invention on a support member 2, a bearing metal layer 3 is rolled, is applied to the hard part of the layer 5 in the sequence, for example by means of a sputtering process. Subsequently, the second partial application layer 6 is deposited on the partial application layer 5, for example sputtered on or by vapor deposition. The second partial application layer 6 can also be rolled or sprayed on. Subsequently, the running surface 8 is machined, in particular by fine boring, processed in order to produce the layer thickness profile of the second partial application layer 6. Optionally, it is possible that between the deposition of the first partial application layer 5 and the second partial application layer 6, the first partial application layer 5 is likewise processed by mechanical processing, such as embossing, fine boring or milling, for example by the layer thickness at least in partial regions for the arrangement of the second partial application layer 6 to reduce or at least partially increase the surface roughness of this first partial application layer 5, and thus to increase the adhesive strength of the second partial application layer 6 on the first partial application layer 5.

Of course, conventional cleaning steps, as known from the prior art, are possible within the scope of the invention.

The following embodiments of the invention were produced:

Embodiment 1

The support element 2 was formed by a steel support shell. As bearing metal layer 3, CuPb20Sn4 was used. The first part-coat layer 5 was made of SnSbI 5Cu5 with a Vickers microhardness of HV 40 (10 pond), and the second part-coat layer 6 was formed by SnSb4Cul with a Vickers microhardness of HV 20 (3 pond). It was thus made a variant embodiment of FIG. 4, wherein the layer thickness of the second partial application layer 6 increases in the radial direction of 5 microns to 40 microns from the apex area to the dust pockets. 60% of the area of the partial application layer 6 had a layer thickness of more than 10 μm and 30% had a layer thickness of more than 20 μm. Both areas of the partial application layer 6 with increased layer thickness were executed identically geometrically. In the same way, the thickness of the first partial application layer 5 increased from 10 μm to 30 μm.

The overlay 4 was deposited from a single galvanic electrolyte, which could be realized by conventional pulse current forms, aperture and anode arrangements as well as massive change in the current density after deposition of the first part of the execution layer structure without subsequent mechanical processing was necessary. It should be noted at this point that it is possible within the scope of the invention, of course, the two areas with different lengths - in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the overlay 8 - form, so for example, the top arranged in Fig. 4 arranged partial application layer 6 with a greater length as the bottom one.

Embodiment 2:

The support element 2 was formed by a steel support shell. As bearing metal layer 3, CuSn5Zn was used. The first partial application layer 5 consisted of CuB i20 with a Vickers microhardness of HV 200 (10 pond), and the second partial application layer 6 was formed by Bi. The embodiment of FIG. 15 was thus produced, the layer thickness of the white region being between 0 μm and 10 μm and the dotted region between 10 μm and 20 μm. 30% of the area of the partial application layer 6 had a layer thickness of more than 10 μm and 70% had a layer thickness of more than 5 μm. The layer thickness of the first partial application layer 5 was constantly 10 μm.

The two partial layers 5, 6 were deposited by a sputtering process with appropriate cathode or aperture arrangement and using conventional sputtering parameters.

Embodiment 3

The support element 2 was formed by a steel support shell. As bearing metal layer 3, a CuZn alloy was used. The first partial application layer 5 consisted of Ag with a microhardness according to Vickers of HV 100 (10 pond) and a layer thickness variance of 0 μm to 20 μm. The first partial application layer 5 has been limited to the areas required for the load of the bearing element 1 because of the cost of Ag. The second partial application layer 6 was formed by a conventional lubricating varnish. Thus, the embodiment variant according to FIG. 11 was produced, wherein the layer thickness of the white region was between 5 μm and 15 μm and the dotted region between 15 μm and 50 μm. 70% of the area of the partial application layer 6 had a layer thickness of more than 10 μm and 50% had a layer thickness of more than 20 μm. The surface was treated by fine boring after varnish coating. tet. However, it is likewise possible to produce such a layer thickness variance by diaphragms and corresponding control of the paint nozzle.

The bearing elements 1 produced in this way were subjected to a test method developed by the applicant in which a bearing element 1 in the installed state is subjected to so-called "dirt impacts" during operation in order to test the embedding capability and the wear resistance of the bearing element 1 Dirt was used a test dust of natural silicates with a particle size between 5 microns and 30 microns.Thus, five impurities were triggered within an hour, wherein the particulate dust particles were entered into the lubricating oil and thus in the area of the bearing element 1, ie its surface spent become.

The bearing elements 1 according to the invention survived this test without damage. A hard bearing compared with it, in which the running layer 4 consists of a sputtered layer based on AlBi with copper alloy layer arranged underneath, on the other hand only withstood a dirt impact without damage.

In the context of the invention, it is also possible to form the first and / or the second partial application layer 5, 6 in a multi-layered manner, wherein these partial layers of the partial application layers 5, 6 preferably have a different hardness relative to one another, wherein preferably the hardness points towards the support layer or the support element 2 increases.

For a better understanding of the structure bearing element 1 (s) this or its components was shown to scale.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

Bearing element Bearing element Bearing metal layer Bearing layer Partial overlay Partial overlay Length Tread

Claims

Patent claims

1. bearing element (1), in particular slide bearing, with a support element (2) and a running above this arranged running layer (4) having a running surface (8), characterized in that the running layer (4) at least by a first partial application layer (5) and a comparatively softer second partial application layer (6) is formed, and at least the second partial application layer (6) has a varying layer thickness over a length (7) and / or a width of the tread (8).

2. bearing element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second partial application layer (5) is arranged only in areas with low load of the bearing element (1) during operation.

3. bearing element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first Teillaufschicht (5) is arranged exclusively in those areas in which the layer thickness of the second Teillaufschicht (6) is between 0 .mu.m and 20 .mu.m.

4. bearing element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second part of the layer (6) is formed in the direction of a component to be stored at least partially tongue-like.

5. bearing element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second part-wearing layer (6) in one or more edge or edge regions and / or Stirnendbereichen the tread (8) has a layer thickness of more than 15 microns or is arranged exclusively in these areas.

6. bearing element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that outer boundaries of the second part of the layer (6) - viewed in the direction - are formed hyperbola-like.

7. bearing element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that portion of the second part of the layer (6), in which the layer thickness is greater than 15 microns, has a surface area selected from a region with a lower Limit of 25% and an upper limit of 70% of the total surface area of the tread (8).