CH703367A2 - Sleeve bearing for use in drive train of high-duty combustion engine of motor vehicle, has supporting layer comprising multiple interconnected segments, where interconnecting section is formed between interconnected segments - Google Patents

Abstract

The bearing (1) has a supporting layer (3) comprising multiple interconnected segments (5), where an interconnecting section (6) is formed between the interconnected segments. A bearing metal layer and/or a sliding layer (4) comprise multiple segments, where the bearing is in a form of half-shell (2). An auxiliary layer is formed between the sliding layer and the bearing metal layer or the supporting layer, or between the bearing metal layer and the supporting layer or on a back part of the supporting layer. The segments of the layers are made of aluminum or nickel alloys. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a sleeve bearing.

Description

The invention relates to a sliding bearing in the form of a half-shell comprising a support layer, a bearing metal layer and / or a sliding layer, a method for producing this sliding bearing, wherein the support layer is formed from a flat substrate by forming the plain bearing half shell and wherein on the support layer at least another layer is applied, as well as the use of the sliding bearing.

In order to meet the different, sometimes conflicting requirements for a plain bearing, in particular in terms of strength and tribological properties, it is common in the art to apply a bearing metal layer and / or a sliding layer on a steel support shell, so that the sliding properties are determined by the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer and the strength properties by the support layer.

In order to achieve a stable position for Frettingvermeidung and the required contour of the storage, the bearing circumference length must be designed relative to the bearing support such that a sufficiently high voltage is built up by a press-fitting. Geometrically, this is achieved by a spread over the bearing receiving spread and especially by means of the so-called bearing supernatant.

Due to the higher loads this voltage increases, superimposed by thermal strains and dynamic shaft loads in modern engines. Thus occur in the steel shell materials commonly used, but also in the bearing metals or in the alloys for the sliding layers, plastic and pseudo-elastic effect, which ultimately lead to a change in geometry of the bearing shell itself. This geometry change ultimately results in a loss of spreading on the one hand and a reduction in the bearing overhang on the other. As a result, the storage is no longer stable, whereby micro-movements are possible, which lead to fretting or even co-rotation of the plain bearings or the bearing cause.

To remedy this problem, theoretically there is the possibility to use steels with higher dimensional stability. The disadvantage here, however, is that the higher resistance to deformation has a limiting effect on the applicability of conventional methods for the production of sliding bearing composite materials, such as, for example, roll cladding or composite casting. In particular, in roll cladding, which represents an economically particularly interesting connection technology, there are dimensional restrictions due to the requisite forming forces. When composite casting to abrupt cooling conditions affect the centrifugal casting of larger parts negative impact on the structure of the steels and these can be processed only more difficult or no longer economically shaping.

It is known from the prior art that bearing metals are applied to steel support layers for plain bearings with larger bearing widths by explosive cladding on the steel support layer. However, this also involves extremely high costs, so that this method is very difficult to implement economically in mass production. In addition, however, the maximum available width of the sandwich is also limited by this method.

In order to meet the different requirements in terms of load capacity and embedding ability, a plain bearing for internal combustion engines with bearing shells was proposed in GB 549433 A, which has a bearing metal layer of individual circumferentially successive sections with different material properties on a continuous, steel support shell so that harder bearing metal sections can be provided for the maximum loads occurring in certain angular ranges of the half-shell, while the softer bearing metal sections bring about a good adaptation and embedding capability.

For the same purpose, it is known from WO 2009/059 344 A2, which originates from the applicant, that the running layer applied to a support layer consists of two partial layers, one partial layer providing better embedding capability for dirt particles and the second partial layer improving resistance to wear and tear Resilience of the plain bearing ensures.

Usually, two different plain bearing half shells are used in sliding bearings, since the mechanical and tribological requirements or stresses of the lower plain bearing half shell are different from the upper plain bearing half shell of the plain bearing.

There are usually used for the lower plain bearing half shell firmer bearing materials than for the upper plain bearing half shell. This particular because especially in start-up phases or load change operation, the lubrication gap geometry is not constant in such slide bearings on the bearing circumference, especially in hydrodynamic sliding bearings in these loading phases of the sliding bearing in the bearing material of the lower plain bearing half shell better tribological properties are required than for the upper plain bearing half shell. It is also known to weld these sliding half shells together, as described for example in DE 2 439 096 A to form a bearing bush. It is applied to the bearing material on a flat steel strip and this sandwich formed by pressing to the plain half bearing before the two half-shells are joined together by electron welding.

Also, the DD 42 189 B describes a bearing bush which is similar to those of the latter DE-A, in which case the bearing bush is in turn composed of two half-shells, which are connected by welding or brazing, wherein for the high-loaded half shell a higher quality Bearing material is used as for the less loaded upper half shell.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved sliding bearing for internal combustion engines.

This object of the invention is achieved independently by the aforementioned slide bearing in the form of a half-shell, the method for producing this plain bearing half shell and by the use of plain half bearing, wherein in the sliding bearing, the support layer consists of several interconnected segments, between each a connection region is formed, according to the method, the support layer is composed of a plurality of segments and the segments are cohesively and / or positively connected and / or by means of a press connection, and by the use of the sliding bearing in the drive train of a motor vehicle.

Although from production engineering and economic point of view by dividing the support layer on several individual segments must be connected to each other, quite disadvantages compared to conventional plain bearings shells that are connected on the one hand that just several manufacturing steps are required and on the other hand, the compound of individual segments is not unproblematic, especially if the segments are welded together, as it is introduced into the joint heat, which can result in microstructural changes and especially in thicker layers support the full-surface connection in the frontal area between the individual segments is problematic, but outweigh the benefits of this new type of plain bearing. On the one hand it is thus possible to produce plain bearing half shells with greater width. For the purposes of the invention, a wide plain bearing half shell is understood to mean a half shell which has a ratio of the total wall thickness to the width of at least 1:10, in particular at least 1:20 or at least 1:25. It is thus possible to produce such a large plain bearing half shells without costly conversions in the series production of a manufacturer of plain bearings, since due to the smaller size of the individual segments of the existing machinery can continue to be used to arrange the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer on the support layer. In particular, it is possible to continue to apply the method of roll cladding for such large plain bearing shells, since the required forming forces for the individual segments compared to continuous support layers same slide bearing size can be reduced, especially since they do not have to be converted to an at least approximately complete semicircle , In addition to roll cladding, which is of particular interest from an economic point of view for producing the plain bearing half shell, other coating methods, such as PVD or CVD methods, can also be used, in which case it is particularly advantageous that known geometries of coating chambers, for example sputtering systems , can be used for the mass production of such large plain half bearings application, so that a complex geometry, as they can be avoided for the coating of a large plain bearing half shell due to the known effects during deposition, for example by shading, etc., so that the individual segments with a very high accuracy of the layer thickness of the applied layer can be produced. In addition, it also makes it possible to combine different materials for the production of the support layer, which not only a better adaptation to the requirements of the plain bearing half shell is made possible, but thus previously unknown, new property profiles for plain half shells can be provided. In addition to the achievement of larger bearing widths, it is also advantageous that with the proposed sliding bearing or in the process for producing the plain bearing also larger layer thicknesses, for example a layer thickness of at least 10 mm, in particular at least 15 mm, preferably at least 30 mm, easier for the support layer is achievable, since the required deformation of the individual segments can be achieved in comparison to a complete plain bearing half shell with lower energy consumption. It is thus also a more economical storage possible because only a few widths of support layer strips must be kept in stock as a semi-finished material.

It is also possible that the bearing metal layer and / or the sliding layer consists of several segments or exist or that the at least one further layer is also composed of several segments. The sliding bearing can therefore be constructed in the form of a "patchwork bearing", whereby a better adaptation to the different requirements of a plain bearing is possible by specific materials specifically used for the differently loaded areas of a plain half bearing. In addition, it is thus possible to better match the material properties within a segment of the sliding bearing, so that, for example, the adhesion of the individual layers to each other can be improved. However, this also makes plain bearing half shells made of materials that are difficult to produce with conventional methods due to material incompatibility.

At least one further layer may be arranged between the sliding layer and the bearing metal layer or the bearing metal layer and the support layer or on the back of the support layer, in which case all layers of the plain bearing half shell consist of several segments, so that in this embodiment, the connection area extends continuously between the individual segments from the surface of the sliding layer to the back of the support layer or the further layer arranged thereon. It is thus possible that the individual segments of Gleitlagerhalbschale are completely finished before joining to the finished plain bearing half shell and in a final manufacturing step, only the connection of the individual segments or optionally a surface treatment by fine boring, etc., as is known from the prior Technique is known, must be done. It is thus possible to keep the individual segments pre-fabricated in stock or that the sliding bearing can be assembled in a relatively short time from different in terms of material properties, stock in stock held segments, whereby the mass production of plain bearing half-shell can be simplified.

As already mentioned, it is a preferred embodiment, if at least one segment of the support layer or the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has different properties to the material of another segment of the same layer. It is thus achievable a combination of properties in a plain half-shell, which can not be represented in known sliding bearing half-shells from the prior art.

In particular, this different property is the hardness and / or the residual stress of the segments. It is thus possible to better adapt the slide bearing half-shell to heavy-duty internal combustion engines of newer design with high pressures or in the special storage area to the special requirements of the mechanical strength of the plain bearing half-shell. On the other hand, it is possible by the different residual stress profile of the individual segments to maintain the above-mentioned spreading or the bearing projection over a longer period of the sliding bearing so that fretting problems in the back of the plain bearing half shell can be better avoided, so that the sliding bearing has a longer life , It is also possible to control the cavitation-critical areas of the bearing better by using materials with different properties, in particular in the area of oil feeds, that is to say oil bores for supplying a lubricating oil in the area of the running surface.

Regarding the residual stress, it should be noted that due to the deformation of a flat strip to a plain bearing half shell on the bearing back a tensile stress and on the inside of the plain bearing builds up a compressive stress. Normally, these voltages are equalized. However, since the plain bearing half shell is further processed after forming, for example by fine boring of the sliding surface, the tensile stresses predominate in the finished plain bearing, as a result of which this plain bearing has the tendency to reshape further inwards, ie there is substantially the risk that the plain bearing "will fall ». The consequence of this is that the seat of the plain bearing half shell is deteriorated in the bearing seat. With inventive slide bearing half shells made of several segments that can be counteracted effectively, so the residual stress profile of the plain bearing half shell can be improved.

At least one segment of at least the support layer or the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer or the at least one further layer may consist of a material which has a different composition to the material of another segment of the same layer, so as to dominate the different requirements for the plain half bearing to be able to. It can thus better fit the sliding bearing to the technical requirements in the medium to large 2 and 4-stroke internal combustion engine whose drivers are primarily environmentally related lower emission levels and higher efficiency, such as. higher ignition pressures, higher operating temperatures, alternative fuels and lubricants and longer maintenance intervals adapted, which is not achievable with current sliding bearings of the prior art, as they meet their limits of performance. In contrast to alternative approaches to meet this problem, namely to optimize the alloys used, it is in the invention of advantage that known and proven alloys can be used further, but specifically at the correspondingly loaded points in the camp. With the smaller size bearing segments that are easier to manufacture, compared to a plain bearing sleeve bearing, conventional steel back compositions can be further used and brought together using higher strength shell pieces in the region of the separation areas of two plain bearing half shells where the greatest stresses occur in the installed state. Likewise, it is thus possible to combine the strength-enhancing segments with segments without this property.

In the preferred embodiment of the slide bearing half-shell, the segments of at least the support layer in the circumferential direction of the half-shell are arranged side by side, so as to allow an improvement in terms of the mechanical properties of the sliding bearing with respect to the different loads in different angular ranges of the plain bearing half-shell.

The segments are in particular cohesively and / or positively connected and / or interconnected by a press connection. In particular, the cohesive connection is preferred here since this requires less effort than the positive connection or as the press connection, wherein the two last-mentioned connection methods are applied advantageously when it is to be expected that by the heat input with the cohesive Connection brittle solid solutions in the connection area arise, which can lead to failure of the plain bearing half-shell in the connection area, so that the fatigue strength of the entire plain bearing half shell are reduced because of the brittle, intermetallic phases outgoing cracks.

The segments may partially overlap and be arranged continuously adjacent to each other, so that in the connection area, a larger surface area can be provided for the preparation of the compound. In addition, it is advantageous that in a cohesive connection of the individual segments, the welds in the region of the front and the rear surface of the segments in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell are slightly offset from each other, so that the cohesive procedure less critical with regard to the heat input in the support layer or the segments can be executed in the connection area.

It is also possible that the one or more connecting portions extends or run in the circumferential direction of the half-shell, so that in the circumferential direction a "sliding" transition can be provided from one to the next segment, which can cause an increase in the mechanical strength of the plain bearing half-shell.

To adapt to the different mechanical and tribological requirements of the plain half-shell in different angular ranges of the half-shell, it is possible that at least two of the segments of the half-shell have a different number of superimposed layers, for example, the adhesion of the layers in high-load zones to further improve or to form an additional inlet layer in particularly tribologically stressed areas of the plain bearing half shell on the sliding layer.

However, it is advantageous if an overall layer thickness of the half-shell in the radial direction is at least approximately constant even with a different number of layers arranged together, since thus a better design of the lubricating gap geometry is made possible.

However, it may be advantageous if at least two of the segments of the half-shell have a different total layer thickness, so that a kind of "groove bearing", as is known from the prior art, is formed or it is thus possible, depending after arrangement of the segments in the plain bearing half-shell, so whether they are arranged in the circumferential direction or in the radial direction side by side, to achieve an improvement in terms of oil management, especially if a middle segment of the plain bearing half shell is designed in the circumferential direction with a smaller layer thickness, so that a Art groove for the oil guide is created.

It is further possible that at least one of the segments of the support layer has a plurality of segments or portions of the bearing metal layer and / or the sliding layer, whereby although the production cost of the plain bearing half shell increases significantly, but so that the advantage is achieved that the residual stress profile of the segments the support layer distributed over several segments or sections of the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer, so on the one hand by the existing residual stress profile improvement in terms of Antifrettingeigenschaften on the back of the support layer can be achieved, on the other hand, an improved tribology of the sliding bearing can be provided This residual stress profile thus does not completely transfer into a single segment of the further layer arranged above the support layer in the direction of the component to be stored.

In the preferred embodiment, the connection area between two segments of the material of the segments is formed, so that can be dispensed with a filler material for the material connection of the segments, whereby a better continuity of the properties of the individual segments is achieved in the connecting areas, It is hereby meant that sudden property changes in the connection areas can be better avoided.

According to a variant of the method, it is provided that the at least one further layer is applied to one another before the connection of the segments of the support layer. Thus, the segments prior to the connection are completely completed with respect to the layer structure, which may possibly result in problems during the joining of the individual segments due to material bonding insofar as overlapping layers are simultaneously molten due to the heat input, so that optionally mixed phases in the radial direction the slide bearing half-shell could be formed, whereby the connection area is weakened, if necessary, but so that the advantage is achieved that, as already mentioned above, in the execution of this plain half-shell as a "Patchworklager» mass production of such plain half shells can be simplified as already finished as needed produced segments only in a variety of combinations the requirements of the sliding bearing must be connected to each other accordingly.

The deformation of the segments to the plain bearing half shell can be performed only after the application of the at least one further layer. In other words, this means that the at least one further layer is applied to a plane, that is to say to a flat, support layer, whereby the coating itself can be simplified since, for example, no complex movement patterns for the coating of plain bearing shells by means of sputtering technology or PVD Procedures must be carried out, whereby the layer quality can be improved in itself. But it is also possible to form higher layer thicknesses for the individual layers and thus to provide a total of a plain bearing half shell with a longer term available. In addition, for shallow substrates, favorable shearing or milling methods can be used for the dimensional design of the bearing strips before the shell molding. It is also advantageous that with flat substrates a better heat transfer is possible, whereby hardness losses in areas of the layers can be better avoided.

It may be advantageous if the connection of the segments of the support layer is carried out prior to forming the plain bearing half shell, since in this case the stresses initiated during the deformation also extend into the connection region, whereby the property profile no or less, erratic Have transitions of properties between the segments.

Preferably, the connection of the segments of the support layer is carried out by means of laser welding, as viewed with this method of heat input into the segments to be joined on small, ie narrow, areas viewed in the circumferential direction of the plain bearing half shell, whereby in particular a continuous course of Properties in the circumferential direction can be achieved. By reducing the effect of heat, it is possible that e.g. Do not lose work hardened, roll-clad aluminum alloys in the bond areas. This is particularly advantageous if thick-walled plain bearing half shells are produced. In addition, however, very different production-related residual voltage states, e.g. from the casting process or the roll cladding with the at least one further layer in interaction with the bearing segments can result, and which lead to intolerable tolerances, are better controlled. As a result, unwanted strong changes in the spread around the supernatant are better avoided in the episode, whereby the plain bearing is less susceptible to failure. The use of thermal pretreatments to reduce these residual stress states, as is customary in the prior art, is not expedient because it is accompanied by a loss of hardness, in particular of the bearing metals.

It is advantageous if a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm <2>, in particular at least 3 MW / cm <2>, is used, since thus an energy input into deep layers of the individual segments is possible , whereby the connection quality, ie the quality of welding, in particular with regard to the uniformity of strength, can be increased.

As already mentioned above, the segments are preferably welded together without additional material.

It may also be advantageous if the segments both from the back and from the front - viewed in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell - are welded together, as thus shorter processing times can be achieved, in particular so that it can be avoided Due to the energy input over a longer period of time, unwanted mixed phases develop in outer marginal areas. Namely, the welding time can be shortened by the welding on both sides, inasmuch as the time until reaching the core zone of the segments, that is to say the center region - viewed in the radial direction - can be shortened.

As already stated above, it is advantageous for the reasons mentioned above if metals or metal alloys with different properties are used for at least two segments of the support layer or, according to a further embodiment, different metals or metal alloys are used.

It is further possible with the invention that at least two of the segments of the at least one further layer are produced with different coating methods, so that, for example, slide bearings can be provided which have segments coated by means of sputtering or PVD techniques and segments which have been roll-clad, so that it is known from the prior art that by PVD or sputtering process very high quality layers for bearing metals or for sliding layers can be provided, especially high-strength layers, these layers can be arranged in high-load zones of the plain bearing half-shell.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

In each case in a highly schematically simplified representation: <Tb> FIG. 1 <sep> a plain bearing half shell with segmented support layer in side view; <Tb> FIG. 2 <sep> a variant of a plain half-shell in which all layers are segmented, in side view; <Tb> FIG. 3 <sep> another embodiment of a plain bearing half shell with segments arranged in the radial direction in plan view; <Tb> FIG. 4 <sep> a variant of the connection region between two segments in side view; <Tb> FIG. 5 <sep> a further embodiment of a plain bearing half shell with different number of layers in the segments in side view; <Tb> FIG. 6 <sep> a variant of a plain bearing half shell with different layer thicknesses of the segments in front view; <Tb> FIG. FIG. 7 shows a detail of a coated, planar substrate made of a plurality of segments before forming into a plain bearing half shell in a side view; FIG. <Tb> FIG. 8 <sep> a plain bearing half-shell in plan view with axially extending connecting regions between the segments; <Tb> FIG. 9 <sep> a slide bearing half-shell in plan view extending obliquely to the axial direction connecting areas between the segments.

Introductoryly it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be analogously applied to the same parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogously to the new situation. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different embodiments shown and described may also represent separate solutions.

Fig. 1 shows a plain bearing 1 in the form of a half-shell 2 consisting of a support layer 3 and a sliding layer 4, often referred to as a running layer. The support layer 3 consists in this embodiment of the sliding bearing 1 of three separately produced segments 5, which are connected to each other forming a connecting region 6. The sliding layer 4, however, in this embodiment extends continuously on an inner surface 7 of the support layer 3 and is connected thereto.

The half-shell 2 encloses an angular range of at least 180 °. By the term "at least approximately 180 °" is meant in the sense of the invention that such half-shells 2 may also have a slightly smaller angular range, for example a smaller by a maximum of 5 ° angle range than 180 °, since such shells 2 in the bearing and training of Angular range of 180 ° are fitted and thereby while forming a voltage in the bearing, that is, the bearing support, are held, as is known from the prior art. Accordingly, therefore, the half-shell 2 may have a spreading in order to achieve the sufficiently high tension or the contact pressure, which is or is built up by the press-fitting. But the latter can also be achieved so that the half-shell 2 has a so-called bearing projection, that has a length in the circumferential direction, which is greater than the length of the corresponding bearing receptacle in the same direction, for example, by a value greater, according to the Formula (diameter of the bearing + diameter of the bearing / F) is calculated, where F is a factor which has the value 1000, in particular 800, preferably 650.

Although only three segments 5 are shown in Fig. 1, there is the possibility within the scope of the invention that also more than three segments 5, for example four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, etc. segments 5 are used for the support layer 3 and accordingly, a higher number of connection regions 6 between the individual segments 5 of the support layer 3 is possible. In addition, there is also the possibility that only two segments 5 are used for producing the support layer 3.

Made this slide bearing 1, that is, the half-shell 2, be characterized in that the individual segments 5 are connected together. The connection between the segments 5 can be made in a form-fitting and / or cohesive manner and / or via a press connection. Furthermore, it is possible that the connection of the individual segments 5 after their forming, that is the deformation of a flat strip of material in the respective segment 5 with the corresponding radius of curvature of the plain half bearing, are connected or that the individual segments are connected to each other before forming and from the entire composite is subsequently transformed into a semi-shell 2 via a pressing process.

The sliding layer 4 is applied in this embodiment to the already preformed, half-shell-shaped support layer 3 after connecting the segments 5 with each other, for example by a known from the prior art for the production of plain bearings, for example, galvanically, by roll-plating, by PVD Methods, such as sputtering techniques, or by CVD methods. Since these methods, as mentioned, belong to the prior art, the expert is referred to the relevant literature to avoid repetition.

As in the embodiment of Fig. 1, the support layer 3 is formed by a plurality of segments 5 in this embodiment, wherein in the illustration of FIG. 2die support layer 3 is again formed by three segments 5, but also applies in this embodiment, that less or more than three interconnected segments 5 can be used for the support layer 3. On the support layer 3, the sliding layer 4 is connected to the support layer 3 is arranged. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in this embodiment variant of the sliding bearing 1, the sliding layer 4 is also formed by segments 9. The connection region 6 between the segments 5 of the support layer 3 lies below a further connection region 10 between in each case two segments 9 of the sliding layer 4. However, there is also the possibility that the connection regions 6, 10 are offset from one another in a circumferential direction 11. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the sliding layer 4 consists of a number of segments 9 different from the number of segments 5 of the support layer 3, for example the sliding bearing 1 with three segments 5 of the support layer 3 only 2 segments 9 or four or five or six, etc. includes segments 9 of the sliding layer 4.

Dashed line is indicated that on the sliding layer 4, an additional layer 12 may be arranged. This additional layer 12 may be formed, for example, as an inlet layer. It is also possible for this additional layer 12 to be formed by the sliding layer 4, in which case the sliding layer provided with the reference numeral 4 in FIG. 2 may be formed as a so-called bearing metal layer. It is also possible - instead of the bearing metal layer - that this designated by the reference numeral 4 sliding layer in Fig. 2 is a bonding layer and thus a layer structure support layer 3 - bonding layer - sliding layer 4 is present.

Also indicated by dashed lines is indicated in Fig. 2, that on a back 13 of the support layer 3, that is, a rear surface opposite to the inner surface 7, an Antifrettingschicht 4 may be arranged to avoid Frettingerscheinungen or Frettingproblemen on the back of the Support layer 3.

In general, it should be noted that the layer structures shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are not limiting for the invention. Additional layers, such as tie layers or diffusion barrier layers, may be arranged between the individual layers as required, for example a tie layer between the slip layer 4 and the support layer 3 or a tie layer between the support layer 3 and the anti-fretting layer 14 or a diffusion barrier layer between the slip layer 4 and the bearing metal layer or a diffusion barrier layer between the bearing metal layer and the supporting layer 3, etc. In principle, such slide bearing designs are known from the prior art, so that reference should be made thereto.

As also shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, there is the possibility or it is the preferred embodiment of the invention that all layers of individual segments 5, 9 are assembled, between each of which a connecting region 6, 10 is formed. In particular, these connecting regions 6, 10 can be arranged one above the other in the radial direction of the half-shell 2, so that the half-shell can be composed of several segments 5, 9, whereby these segments 5, 9 can be prefabricated. However, it is possible, as has already been mentioned, for the connecting regions 6, 10 to be arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction 11 between the individual segments 5, 9 of at least two layers arranged one above the other in the radial direction.

With regard to the production of this half-shell 1 reference is made to the above statements, in particular there is the possibility of the individual segments 5, 9 cohesively and / or positively and / or via a press connection to connect with each other. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the deformation of the segments 5 is carried out before or after the deposition of the layers further thereon, such as, for example, the sliding layer 4 or the bearing metal layer and the sliding layer 4 or another type of layer composite described above Possibility that when planar substrates are coated, these substrates are connected to each other after coating and before forming to the half-shell 2.

There is also the possibility that the support layer 3 and the case-by-case bearing metal layer consisting of individual segments 5 and the overlay 4 is deposited on this layer composite, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, after the forming of the semi-finished product to the half-shell 2 so that in this case the sliding layer 4 extends continuously over the inner surface of the segments of the bearing metal layer.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the individual segments 5, 9 of the individual layers in the circumferential direction 11 are arranged adjacent to each other in a mutually connected manner. These embodiments of the arrangement of the segments 5, 9 represents the preferred in the context of the invention.

However, as shown in FIG. 3, there is also the possibility that the segments 5, 9 are arranged side by side in an axial direction 15, wherein these segments 5, 9 extend continuously in the circumferential direction 11.

There is also the possibility that in the embodiment of Fig. 3die the individual segments 5, 9 are also composed in the circumferential direction 11 of a plurality of segments 5, 9, thus thus a combination variant between the embodiments of FIG. 1 or 2 with that Embodiment of Fig. 3möglich is.

With regard to the individual layers arranged in the plain bearing 1 in the embodiment of FIG. 3, reference is made to the above statements.

To connect the individual segments 5, 9 they can butt each other, optionally spaced from each other, are arranged, wherein in the case of the spacing of the individual segments 5, 9 of this connection portion 6, 10 with a filler material, as is usual in welding , is completed. Optionally, the individual segments 5, 9 in the connecting region 6, 10 may be bevelled so as to form a welding groove, for example with a V-shaped cross-section. On the other hand, there is the possibility, as shown in FIG. 4, that the segments 5 of the support layer 3 or generally the segments 5, 9 of the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 are arranged partially overlapping in the connection region 6 and thus joined together, in which case the individual segments 5 and the further segments 9 of the sliding bearing 1 are formed stepwise in the region of the mutually facing end faces 16, 17 of juxtaposed segments 5, wherein in each case one segment in the region of the inner surface 7 and a segment of the two segments 5 to be joined together are stepped against each other in the region of the back 13, so that the two segments 5 can be arranged one above the other, as shown in FIG. 4. In the preferred embodiment of this connection form, the dimensions of the gradation are chosen so that the segments are arranged continuously adjacent to each other in the region of the inner surface 7 and the back 13 into each other, so no step between the segments 5, 9 is formed on the surfaces.

In Fig. 5, a variant of the sliding bearing 1 is shown, in which the segments 5 of the support layer 3 are carriers of a different number of further layers. On each of the segments 5 of the support layer 3, a bearing metal layer 18 and the sliding layer 4 are arranged. The two outer segments 5 of the support layer 3 each have an additional layer on the running surface 19, which in this case is in the form of an inlet layer 20 or a wear layer. The connecting regions 6 and 10 are in turn arranged one above the other in the radial direction, so that therefore the sliding bearing 1, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, consists of three separate segments produced separately. An overall segment is understood to be a complete layer structure of one of the segments of the plain bearing half shell.

This run-in layer 20 or wear layer extends from slide bearing end faces 21, 22 to a central region 23 which is itself free of this run-in layer 20. The arrangement of this additional inlet layer 20 or wear layer in the lateral areas of the sliding bearing 1 has the advantage that in at least one of these areas with the inlet layer 20 of the dirt entry with the lubricating oil is greatest that on this additional inlet layer 20 better adaptability of the sliding bearing 1 is reached.

Of course, the total segments may also have a different layer structure, as already stated above, in particular instead of the inlet layer 20, another layer may be arranged, in which case the individual total segments, that is, at least two total segments of total segments, have a different number of individual layers. There is also the possibility that none of the total segments has an equal number of layers arranged one above the other.

A total layer thickness 24 in this embodiment is again constant over the entire half-shell 2, so that in those total segments having a higher number of individual layers, at least one of the layers compared to the same layer in the central region 23 of the plain bearing half-shell has a reduced layer thickness.

The angle range starting at the end faces 21, 22 in which the inlet layer 20 or an additional, radially innermost layer is arranged, which may also have a higher strength than the radially innermost layer in the central region 23, can over a range to 45 °, in particular to 30 °, starting at the respective end face 21, 22 rich. It is also possible that in one of the two outer regions of the sliding bearing 1, an additional layer is disposed, in which case it is advantageous if the mounting position of the half-shell 2 is already known before their production.

In general, it is possible in all embodiments of the invention, in the apex region of the plain half-shell in an angular range of ± 25 °, in particular ± 15 °, measured from the apex of the half-shell 2, to arrange a segment 5, compared to the other segments 5 has a higher strength, in particular a higher-solid sliding layer 4 and / or a higher-strength support layer 3. It can thus be better met the higher loads by the ignition pressure.

By contrast, Fig. 6 shows a variant of the invention with over the course of the sliding bearing 1 in the axial direction 15 different total layer thickness 24, wherein for the sake of simplicity, only two layers, that is, the support layer 3 and the sliding layer 4, are shown, however Of course, in this embodiment, more than two individual layers can be arranged. The segments 5 and 9 of the support layer 3 and sliding layer 4 are again arranged side by side in the axial direction 14, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3. Likewise, the connecting portions 6 and 10 are between the segments 5 and 9, therefore, in the radial direction one behind the other.

The support layer 3 is formed in this embodiment with an equal layer thickness over the entire course in the radial direction 15. In contrast to this, the sliding layer 4 has regions 15 of different thicknesses in the axial direction, namely two thicker, ie with a higher layer thickness, edge regions 25, 26 and a center region 27 with a comparatively smaller layer thickness. In particular, thereby the edge load of the sliding bearing 1 can better meet, as can also be achieved if in the edge regions 25, 26 in comparison to the middle region higher-strength materials are arranged at least in the radially innermost layer.

However, it is also possible that the sliding layer 4 is formed with a constant layer thickness in the axial direction 15 and for the support layer 3 in the region of the back 13 such a layer thickness profile with higher layer thicknesses in the edge regions 25, 26 in a smaller layer thickness in Center region 27 has.

In addition, there is also the possibility in this embodiment variant of the invention that the individual regions, that is to say the edge region 25 or 26 or the central region 27 have a different number of individual layers, that is to say the segments 5, 9 correspondingly have a different number of layers.

It is further possible that at least one of the segments 5 of the support layer 3 have a plurality of segments or portions of the bearing metal layer 18 and / or the sliding layer 4, so that the number of segments within a layer of the back 13 in the direction of the tread 19 at least increases between two superposed layers. By this embodiment, a finer tuning of the respective desired, mechanical and tribological properties of the sliding bearing 1 to the respective conditions of use is possible.

In Fig. 7 is a semi-finished product 28 for producing the half-shell 2 of the sliding bearing 1 (assignment of reference numerals: Fig. 1) is shown. This semifinished product is still in the flat state, that is to say before the forming into the half-shell 2. The semi-finished product 28 has the supporting layer 3 with two juxtaposed segments 5 and the sliding layer 4 with two segments 9 arranged above the segments 5. The individual segments 5, 9 are, as shown in the example in FIG. 1, arranged in the circumferential direction 11 (FIG. 1) of the sliding bearing 1. In the connecting region 6 between the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is in the radial direction above, that is arranged in the direction of the tread 19, a V-shaped groove 29, that is, the sliding layer 4 and its segments 9 not only in the range of in axial direction 15 of opposing outer end surfaces 30, 31 have a beveled edge region, but also chamfers 32, 33 between the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 are formed. It is thus simplifies the subsequent transformation to the half-shell 2 while reducing the stresses in the sliding layer 4 caused thereby. If necessary, this area between the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 after forming can also be materially connected, forming the connection region 10, as he Example of the embodiment of Fig. 2 has been described.

Of course, this groove 29 may also have a different cross section, which allows a simplification of the transformation. It is also not absolutely necessary that this groove 29 extends over the entire layer thickness of the sliding layer 4 to the surface 7 of the support layer 3, but this groove 29 may have a depth which is less than the layer thickness of the sliding layer 4, that is their segments 9th

In principle, in a more than two-layer structure of the sliding bearing 1, the possibility that more than one layer may be provided with such grooves, wherein the bevel of the side walls and the radius of the respective layer may be different.

8 and 9 each show a plan view of the segments 5 of the support layer 3. All other possibly arranged layers have been removed for better representability.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 8, with aligned in the axial direction 15 connecting portions 6 between the segments fifth

However, there is also the possibility, as shown in FIG. 9, that the connecting region 6 extends between two segments inclined relative to the axial direction 15. In particular, for the above-mentioned reasons, an angle of inclination 34, which the connecting region 6 occupies with the axial direction 15, is selected from a region with a lower limit of 2 ° and an upper limit of 30 °. However, it is also possible to select this inclination angle from a range with a lower limit of 7 ° and an upper limit of 25 °.

In principle, the individual layers of the plain bearing 1 may consist of materials which are known for the respective layers of the plain bearing 1 from the prior art or of materials which are usable for plain bearings 1. The plain bearing 1 consists at least largely of metals or metal alloys. By "at least a large part" is meant that the radially innermost layer of the sliding bearing 1 can also be formed by a lubricating varnish, ie, that layer which is opposite to the component to be supported. Optionally, this anti-friction varnish layer may also be composed of several partial layers. In particular, when depositing a bonded coating on the sliding bearing 1 as the radially innermost layer of the half shell 2, this is applied after the forming of the semi-finished, for example, the semi-finished product 28 to the half-shell 2, so that this Gleitlackschicht is arranged continuously without segment training in the sliding bearing 1. This is justified by the fact that, as is known, anti-friction coatings can be produced by simply spraying on the anti-friction coating and subsequently polymerizing the polymerizable constituents of the anti-friction coating. Of course, it is also possible that the Gleitlackschicht are arranged in the form of segments in the sliding bearing 1.

The support layer 3 or at least some of the segments 5 of the support layer 3 may preferably consist of steel or a material, as are known in the art for this purpose, for example brass. Other materials meeting the press fit requirements may also be used.

For the or at least individual of the segments of the bearing metal layer 18, for example, the following alloys can be used:

Aluminum bearing metals (partly according to DIN ISO 4381 or 4383): AISn6CuNi, AIZn5SiCuPBMg, AISn20Cu, AISi4Cd, AICd3CuNi, AISi11Cu, AISn6Cu, AISn40, AISn25CuMn, AISH1 CuMgNi, AIZn4SiPb; Copper based bearing metals (partly according to DIN ISO 4383): CuPb10Sn10, CuSn10, CuPb15Sn7, CuPb20Sn4, CuPb22Sn2, CuPb24Sn4, CuPb24Sn, CuSn8P, CuPb5Sn5Zn, CuSn7Pb7Zn3, CuPb10Sn10, CuPb30; Lead-based storage metals: PbSb10Sn6, PbSb15Sn10, PbSb15SnAs, PbSb14Sn9CuAs, PbSn10Cu2, PbSn18Cu2, PbSn10TiO2, PbSn9Cd, PbSn10; Tin-based bearing metals: SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb.

Of course, other than the mentioned bearing metals on aluminum, copper, lead or tin base, in particular all known from the prior art bearing metals can be used.

Preferably, however, lead-free bearing metals are used.

For the or at least some of the segments of the adhesive layer (s), e.g. Layers of aluminum or aluminum alloys, e.g. AISc3, or from, Mn, Ni; Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and their alloys and NiSn or CuSn alloys, etc., can be used, in turn, all known from the prior art materials to improve the adhesion can be used ,

Aluminum or aluminum alloy layers or nickel layers, or layers of Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and their alloys, etc., May also be used for the or at least individual segments of the diffusion barrier layer (s) . be used.

For the or at least some of the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4, aluminum-base alloys, such as e.g. AISn20Cu, AISn40Cu, AIBi15Mo2, AIBi11Cu0.5Ni0.5, AIBi25Cu, tin base alloys, e.g. SnSb15Cu5, SnSb4Cu1, copper based alloys, such as CuBi20, bismuth based alloys, silver based alloys, Bi, Ag, Sn, white metal alloys, alloys of nickel, etc. can be used. It should be noted that this list has only exemplary character, since for the sliding layer 4 of the segments 9 in principle all known from the prior art materials can be used.

In principle, the individual segments, so for example the segments 5 and 9, be made within a layer of the same material, for example, to allow greater bearing widths for bearings 1. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the segments within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 consist of mutually different materials, that is to say that at least two segments differ with regard to the materials. But it is also possible that the same materials are used for all segments, but the materials of at least two of the segments within a layer have different properties to each other, in particular a different hardness or a different residual stress profile. This can be achieved by subjecting the materials to different pretreatments, as known from the prior art, so that despite the same composition, these materials, ie the segments have a different property profile. In particular, in addition to the support layer 3, that is to say the segments 5 of the support layer 3, the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 and / or the segments of the bearing metal layer 18 or the segments of the at least one further layer can be made of a material which is the material of another Segments of the same layer has different properties.

It should be noted at this point that, within the scope of the invention, embodiments are possible which, in addition to the support layer 3, have only the sliding layer 4 or, in addition to the support layer 3, only the bearing metal layer 18.

As already mentioned, the individual segments of the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 consist of metals or metal alloys, that is, with the exception of the previously mentioned anti-friction varnish layer, not of plastics. Furthermore, these layers are preferably not made of a sintered material.

When using metal alloys within a layer, the segments of this layer can be made of different metal alloys.

For the production of the sliding bearing 1, as already mentioned, the individual segments within a layer, ie in particular the segments 5 of the support layer 3 and optionally the segments of another layer, so for example the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 and / or Bearing metal layer 18, cohesively or positively and / or connected to one another via a press connection or be. It is in principle every welding process, such as electron beam welding, or soldering, in particular brazing, which is known from the general state of the art, for the production of cohesive connection possible. It is important to pay attention only to the material compatibility between the filler material and the material of the individual segments. Accordingly, known filler materials are to be selected.

In the preferred embodiment of the method, the segments within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 are connected to each other by means of laser beam welding, so that in this case preferably no additive for the production of the welded joint must be used, but the compound by melting the materials of the segments in the Connection areas, so for example, the connection areas 6 or 10, is formed. Thus, the advantage is achieved that the production of the connection without excessive heating of the adjacent to the connection areas, in particular the connecting portions 6, 9, lying areas is possible, in addition, the individual segments within a layer at least almost completely connected to each other via the layer thickness are, so a reaching across the layer thickness weld. By "at least approximately" is meant in this case that it is quite possible that a core zone within the segments, which may be up to 5% of the layer thickness of the respective layer, is not connected. This "disadvantage" is therefore accepted because it allows a further reduction of the temperature load of the secondary areas in addition to the connecting areas between the segments can be achieved. The prerequisite for this, however, is that the plain bearing half shell meets the strength requirements.

Preferably, a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm 2 is used for laser welding, in order to achieve a sufficient depth heating, that is melting the material into the core layer of a layer of the sliding bearing 1, with greater certainty.

In order to reduce the temperature load on the individual segments in addition to the connecting regions between the segments, the welding is preferably carried out from the back, ie the back 13, and from the front side, ie the running surface 19, although in general the welding from one side, that is, for example, from in the direction of the back 13 or in the direction of the tread 19 can be done.

Preferably, the welding of the individual segments takes place prior to the forming of the half-shell 2, ie still in the flat state of the semi-finished product, for example of the semifinished product 28. It is further preferred that the application or the deposition of at least one other in addition to the support layer 3 Layer of the sliding bearing 1 before forming the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is performed. In other words, this means that preferably flat substrates are coated, ie flat or flat segments 5 of the support layer 3.

It is further preferred that the deposition of the individual layers on the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is carried out before the welding of the segments of the sliding bearing 1. This embodiment variant of the invention also has the advantage that different deposition processes can also be used for the deposition of the individual layers on the segments 5 of the sliding layer 3, ie, for example, combinations of galvanic layers with PVD layers or roll-plated layers within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 can be present ,

In addition to or in addition to the weld, it is possible to connect the segments by means of positive locking by, for example, in a facing on another segment end face has a groove, in particular an undercut groove, for example with dovetail cross-section, and the other segment at the corresponding End face has a corresponding web. Optionally, this positive connection can also be pressed, in particular during the forming of the half-shell 2.

The invention has been extensively tested with a wide variety of material combinations, wherein only some of the experimental examples given below are given in the following, in order not to exceed the scope of the description.

Example 1:

There were two steel strips of different pretreatment for the support layer 3 with a width of 350 mm with a bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu1 roll-plated, wherein at a same final thickness of the plated steel strips of 15.5 mm, the bearing metal layer 18 of a steel strip by a larger reduction in order has about 10% greater hardness. From the two clad steel strips 2 segments were cut off for a half-shell in a length of 1250 mm and connected to each other along their parting line by laser beam welding. The semi-finished product produced in this way had three segments, of which the middle consisted of the band with the bearing metal layer 18 of greater hardness and the steel with lower residual stress, while the bearing metal layers 18 of the outer sections correspondingly lower hardness. For this semi-finished product, two bearing plates with a usable width of 500 mm and a usable length of 1000 mm were sawed out and formed into a bearing shell. The testing of a plain bearing 1 with these plain bearing half shells shows in comparison to a plain bearing of the same size and the circumference of the same properties of the bearing metal layer 18 a significantly better performance.

Example 2:

Cavitation damage usually shows at plain bearings at very specific locations. In order to counter such cavitation damage, a particularly solid bearing material must be used, which, however, leads to considerable losses of the tribological properties and the dirt embedding capability in conventional bearings. If a bearing shell segment with a bearing metal layer of AISn10Cu1 alloy is used in the cavitation-sensitive peripheral regions, but a bearing metal layer of AISn20Cu1 is used for the remaining sections, cavitation damage can be avoided in the region of the cavitation-prone section due to the stronger bearing metal, without the dirt-insensitive and tribologically advantageous properties of AISn20Cu1 To lose alloy for the overall behavior of the sliding bearing 1.

Example 3:

Three identically sized circuit boards were welded together, of which the middle had a bearing metal layer of an AISn40Cu alloy and the two outer boards a layer of SnSb40Cu3 alloy, each on a steel support shell. The bearing shells of this type were used for connecting rod bearings and compared with conventional connecting rod bearings, which had a uniform bearing shell with a steel support shell and an applied bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu to accommodate the main load can. These bearings were tested and tested in an internal combustion engine for 250 hours of operation. The running pictures of the conventional bearings showed clear signs of wear of the dirt particles over the entire circumferential area of the bearing, which leads to a disturbance of the load capacity for longer operations, especially in the main load range. However, the bearing according to the invention shows distinct embedding of the dirt particles in the soft bearing areas consisting of SnSb40Cu3, the bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu being virtually free of scoring in the main load zone.

Example 4:

To avoid fretting on the back 13 of the sliding bearing 1, the support layer 3 was made of two different steels by the two outer segments 5 made of a steel C10 or similar and the segment 5 in the central region of the support layer made of a steel grade C22 or similar existed. Due to the different voltage, that is, the different residual stress profile of these two steel grades, a sufficiently high voltage could be built up during the press-fitting process of the plain bearing half shells 1 into the bearing receptacle. This slide bearing 1 was compared with a sliding bearing of the prior art with only one segment, ie continuous support layer 3. Experiments were carried out with increasing load until the plain bearing half shells started to spin. It was found that the sliding bearings according to the invention had significantly less fretting traces after a running time of 5000 hours. In addition, it was found that these bearings can pick up a load that is significantly larger before the plain bearing half shells rotate.

Thus, in this example, the higher-strength steel pieces were installed in the region of the separating regions of the cooperating plain bearing half-shells, where the greatest stresses occur in the installed state.

For bearings with peripheral areas with fretting, such a higher-strength segment can also be used in this area. The same applies to cavitation-critical areas of the camp, in particular areas with oil holes.

Example 5:

Since the chemical and especially the physical coating method of larger bearings is currently uneconomic in mass production, since the designed systems do not have the right size, respectively, the construction of special systems for larger plain bearings 1 is uneconomic due to the lower number of items were half shells 2 made by sliding bearing 1, which consisted of segments 5 of the structure steel / lead bronze in the edge regions of the half-shell 2 and a segment 5 of the structure steel / AIZn5 in the apex region of the half-shell 2. In addition, a polyamideimide-based antifriction coating with graphite and MoS 2 was applied to the segments on the sliding layers 4 as solid lubricants. These shells 2 showed very good results both in terms of resilience and in terms of fretting tendency.

Example 6:

Example 5 was repeated, wherein for the edge segments a structure steel / lead bronze / nickel / bonded coating and for the apex segment a structure steel / AlBi11Cu0.5Ni0.5 sputtered layer was selected. The results of Example 5 could thus be improved.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the sliding bearing 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching technical action by objective invention in the skill of working in this technical field expert.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the construction of the sliding bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partly in an unmeshold manner and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0107] <Tb> 1 <sep> bearings <Tb> 2 <sep> half-shell <Tb> 3 <sep> backing <Tb> 4 <sep> overlay <Tb> 5 <sep> Segment <Tb> 6 <sep> Connection area <Tb> 7 <sep> surface <Tb> 8 <sep> <Tb> 9 <sep> Segment <Tb> 10 <sep> Connection area <Tb> 11 <sep> circumferential direction <Tb> 12 <sep> layer <Tb> 13 <sep> back <Tb> 14 <sep> Antifrettingsschicht <Tb> 15 <sep> direction <Tb> 16 <sep> face <Tb> 17 <sep> face <Tb> 18 <sep> bearing metal layer <Tb> 19 <sep> tread <Tb> 20 <sep> running-in layer <Tb> 21 <sep> slide bearing face <Tb> 22 <sep> slide bearing face <Tb> 23 <sep> mid-range <Tb> 24 <sep> total layer thickness <Tb> 25 <sep> edge area <Tb> 26 <sep> edge area <Tb> 27 <sep> mid-range <Tb> 28 <sep> semi-finished product <Tb> 29 <sep> Nut <Tb> 30 <sep> face <Tb> 31 <sep> face <Tb> 32 <sep> chamfer <Tb> 33 <sep> chamfer <Tb> 34 <sep> inclination angle

Claims (28)

1. plain bearing (1) in the form of a half-shell (2) comprising a support layer (3), a bearing metal layer (18) and / or a sliding layer (4), characterized in that the support layer (3) consists of a plurality of interconnected segments (5 ), between each of which a connection region (6) is formed. Second sliding bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing metal layer (18) and / or the sliding layer (4) consists of several segments (9) or consist. 3. plain bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the sliding layer (4) and the bearing metal layer (18) or the support layer (3) or between the bearing metal layer (18) and the support layer (3) or on the Rear side of the support layer (3) is arranged at least one further layer, and that all layers consist of several segments (5, 9). 4. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one segment (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) or the bearing metal layer (18) or the sliding layer (4) or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has different properties to the material of another segment (5, 9) of the same layer. 5. plain bearing (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the different property is the hardness and / or the residual stress of the segments (5, 9). 6. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one segment (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) or the bearing metal layer (18) or the sliding layer (4) or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has a different composition to the material of another segment (5, 9) of the same layer. 7. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) are arranged side by side. 8. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are cohesively and / or positively connected and / or interconnected by a press connection. 9. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are arranged partially overlapping and steplessly adjacent to each other. 10. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the or the connecting region (s) (6, 10) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) extends inclined or run. 11. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least two of the segments (5, 9) of the half-shell (2) have a different number of superimposed layers. 12. plain bearing (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that an overall layer thickness of the half-shell (2) in the radial direction at a different number of superimposed layers is at least approximately constant. 13. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least two of the segments (5, 9) of the half-shell (2) have a different total layer thickness. 14. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) a plurality of segments (9) of the bearing metal layer (18) and / or the sliding layer (4). 15. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the connecting region (6, 10) between two segments (5, 9) of the material of the segments (5, 9) is formed. 16. A method for producing a slide bearing half-shell comprising a support layer (3) and at least one further layer, wherein the support layer (3) is formed from a flat substrate by forming the slide bearing half-shell and wherein on the support layer (3) at least one further layer is applied, characterized in that the support layer (3) is composed of a plurality of segments (5) and the segments (5) are connected to one another in a material-locking and / or form-fitting manner and / or via a press connection. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the at least one further layer is likewise composed of a plurality of segments. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the at least one further layer before the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is applied to each other. 19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the deformation of the segments (5) to the plain bearing half-shell is carried out after the application of the at least one further layer. 20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is carried out before the forming of the plain bearing half-shell. 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is carried out by means of laser welding. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm <2> is used. 23. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are welded together without a filler material. 24. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) both from the back and from the front - viewed in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell - be welded. 25. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that for at least two segments (5) of the support layer (3) metals or metal alloys are used with different properties. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that for at least two segments (5) of the support layer (3) different metals or metal alloys are used. 27. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that at least two of the segments of the at least one further layer are produced with different coating methods. 28. Use of a sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15 in the drive train of a motor vehicle.