AT510062B1 - BEARINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a slide bearing (1) comprising a support layer (3), a bearing metal layer (18) and / or a sliding layer (4), wherein the support layer (3) consists of a plurality of interconnected segments (5), between each of which a connecting region (6) is formed, wherein the segments (5) are welded together and form a half-shell (2), and wherein the segments (5) of the support layer (3) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) are arranged side by side.

Description

Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15

The invention relates to a slide bearing comprising a support layer, a bearing metal layer and / or a sliding layer, wherein the support layer consists of a plurality of interconnected segments, between each of which a connecting portion is formed, wherein the segments are welded together and form a half-shell, and a method for producing a slide bearing half-shell comprising a support layer and at least one further layer, wherein the support layer is formed from a flat substrate by forming the slide bearing half shell and wherein at least one further layer is applied to the support layer, and wherein the support layer of a plurality of segments is assembled and the segments are welded together.

In order to meet the different, sometimes conflicting requirements for a plain bearing, in particular in terms of strength and tribological properties, it is common in the art to apply a bearing metal layer and / or a sliding layer on a steel support shell, so that the sliding properties are determined by the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer and the strength properties by the support layer.

In order to achieve a stable position for Frettingvermeidung and the required contour of the storage, the bearing circumference length must be designed relative to the bearing support such that a sufficiently high voltage is built up by a press-fitting. Geometrically, this is achieved by a spread over the bearing receiving spread and especially by means of the so-called bearing supernatant.

Due to the higher loads this voltage increases, superimposed by thermal strains and dynamic shaft loads in modern engines. Thus occur in the steel shell materials commonly used, but also in the bearing metals or in the alloys for the sliding layers, plastic and pseudo elastic effect, which ultimately lead to a change in geometry of the bearing shell itself. This geometry change ultimately results in a loss of spreading on the one hand and a reduction in the bearing overhang on the other. As a result, the storage is no longer stable, whereby micro-movements are possible, which lead to fretting or even co-rotation of the plain bearings or the bearing cause.

To remedy this problem, theoretically there is the possibility to use steels with higher dimensional stability. A disadvantage, however, is that the higher resistance to deformation has a limiting effect on the substitutability of customary processes for the production of sliding bearing composite materials, such as, for example, roll cladding or composite casting. In particular, in roll cladding, which represents an economically particularly interesting connection technology, there are dimensionally limited restrictions due to the requisite forming forces. When composite casting to abrupt cooling conditions affect the centrifugal casting of larger parts negatively on the structure of the steels and these can be processed only more difficult or no longer economically shaping.

It is known from the prior art that bearing metals are applied to steel support layers for plain bearings with larger bearing widths by explosive cladding on the steel support layer. However, this also involves extremely high costs, so that this method is very difficult to implement economically in mass production. In addition, however, the maximum available width of the sandwich is also limited by this method.

In order to meet the different requirements in terms of load capacity and embedding capability, a sliding bearing for internal combustion engines with bearing shells was proposed in GB 549 433 A, which on a continuous, steel support shell a bearing metal layer of individual circumferentially successive sections with different material properties so that harder bearing metal sections can be provided for the maximum loads occurring in certain angular ranges of the half-shell, while the softer bearing metal sections bring about a good adaptation and embedding capability.

For the same purpose, it is known from WO 2009/059344 A2, which is based on the applicant, that the running layer applied to a support layer consists of two partial layers, one partial layer providing better embedding capability for dirt particles and the second partial layer improving wear resistance and ensures the load capacity of the sliding bearing.

Usually, two different plain bearing half shells are used in sliding bearings, since the mechanical and tribological requirements or stresses of the lower plain bearing half shell are different from the upper plain bearing half shell of the plain bearing.

There are usually used for the lower plain bearing half shell firmer bearing materials than for the upper plain bearing half shell. This particular because especially in start-up phases or load change operation, the lubrication gap geometry is not constant in such slide bearings on the bearing circumference, especially in hydrodynamic sliding bearings in these load phases of the sliding bearing in the bearing material of the lower plain bearing half shell better tribological properties are required than for the upper plain bearing half shell. It is also known to weld these plain bearing shells together, as described for example in DE 24 39 096 A to form a bearing bush. It is applied to the bearing material on a flat steel strip and this sandwich formed by pressing to the plain bearing half shell before the two plain bearings half shells are joined together by electron welding.

Also, the DD 42 189 B describes a bearing bushing which is similar to those of the latter DE-A, in which case the bearing bush is in turn composed of two half-shells, which are connected by welding or brazing, wherein for the high-loaded half shell a higher quality Bearing material is used as for the less loaded upper half shell.

From DE 10 2007 053 528 A1 a slide bearing is known, comprising an inner ring, an outer ring and a sliding lining, which is formed in sections and attached to the outer ring. The task of specifying a possibility for simple and rapid replacement of the sliding lining for the aforementioned slide bearing is achieved in that the outer ring comprises at least two circumferentially adjacent, structurally separate, mutually releasably secured and relatively fixed sub-segments and that each a portion of the sliding coating is attached to each of the two facing the inner ring end faces of the at least two sub-segments of the outer ring.

EP 1 247 021 B1 describes a plain bearing for the transmission of high axial forces and large bending moments with small relative movements between the bearing partners, in which an annular rib arranged on a bearing partner engages in an annular groove provided on the other bearing partner, and the annular rib on its free Side surfaces and possibly peripheral surfaces is provided with sliding linings, wherein the sliding linings segmentally divided and fixed to the rib, but releasably connected.

DE 698 35 137 T2 describes a sliding bearing with a semi-cylindrical shape, a pair of which is combined with each other to form a cylindrical sleeve when the sliding bearing is used, wherein in the cylindrical sleeve, a shaft is supported, wherein the sliding bearing a Back metal and a bearing alloy layer bonded to the back metal and brought into contact with the shaft, and wherein the semi-cylindrical sleeve bearing comprises at least two sliding bearing segments, each comprising a back metal portion and a bearing alloy layer portion bonded to the back metal portion, and which are arranged side by side in the direction of the axis of the sliding bearing and are welded together, so that a welded portion formed by the welding is peripherally aligned.

JP 57-101122 A describes a slide bearing, which is similar to that of DE 698 35 137 T2 similar to 2/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 510 062 B1 2012-06-15 and is formed from lying in the axial direction adjacent strips.

From US 5,676,469 A a bimetallic plain bearing is known, which consists of a single bimetallic strip and which comprises: an outer annular, relatively hard steel support layer and an inner annular, relatively soft metal bearing layer, which is connected to the steel layer is; the steel layer having an inner cylindrical surface and the inner cylindrical surface having a groove at the seam formed by abutting edges of the bimetallic strip and extending axially along the bearing; wherein the inner layer has an outer surface that adheres to the inner surface of the steel layer, and the inner layer, after a laser welding operation, comprises a molten and solidified radial projection that substantially fills the groove.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved sliding bearing for internal combustion engines.

This object of the invention is achieved independently by the aforementioned slide bearing in the form of a half-shell and the method for producing this plain half-shell, wherein in the sliding bearing the segments of the support layer in the circumferential direction of the half-shell are arranged side by side, and according to the method Segments of the support layer in the circumferential direction of the half-shell are arranged side by side.

Although from production engineering and economic point of view by dividing the support layer on several individual segments must be connected to each other, quite disadvantages compared to conventional plain bearings shells that are connected on the one hand, that just several manufacturing steps are required and on the other hand, the compound of individual segments is not unproblematic, especially if the segments are welded together, as it is introduced into the joint heat, which can result in microstructural changes and especially in thicker backing layers, the full-surface connection in the frontal area between the individual segments is problematic, but outweigh the benefits of this new type of plain bearing. On the one hand, it is thus possible to produce plain bearing half shells with greater width. For the purposes of the invention, a wide plain bearing half shell is understood to mean a half shell which has a ratio of the total wall thickness to the width of at least 1:10, in particular at least 1:20 or at least 1:25. It is thus possible to produce such large plain bearing half shells without costly conversions in the series production of a manufacturer of plain bearings, since due to the smaller size of the individual segments of the existing machinery can continue to be used for the arrangement of the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer on the support layer. In particular, it is possible to continue to apply the method of roll cladding for such a large plain bearing half shells, since the required forming forces for the individual segments compared to continuous support layers same slide bearing size can be reduced, especially since they do not have to be converted to an at least approximately complete semicircle , In addition to roll cladding, which is of particular interest from an economic point of view for producing the plain bearing half shell, however, other coating methods, such as PVD or CVD methods, can also be used, in which case it is particularly advantageous that known geometries of coating chambers, for example sputtering -anlagen, for the mass production of such large plain bearing half shells application can be found so that a complex geometry, as they can be avoided for the coating of a large plain half bearing shell due to the known effects during deposition, for example by shading, etc., so that the individual segments with a very high accuracy of the layer thickness of the applied layer can be produced. In addition, it also makes it possible to combine different materials for the production of the support layer, which not only a better adaptation to the requirements of the plain bearing half shell is made possible, but thus previously unknown, new property profiles for plain half shells can be provided. In addition to the achievement of larger bearing widths, it is also advantageous that with the proposed slide bearing or in the process for producing the sliding bearing and larger layer thicknesses, for example, a layer thickness of at least 10 mm, in particular at least 15 mm, preferably at least 30 mm, is easier to reach for the support layer, since the required deformation of the individual segments can be achieved in comparison to a complete plain bearing half shell with lower energy input. It is thus also a more economical storage possible because only a few widths of support layer strips must be kept in stock as a semi-finished material.

Characterized in that the segments of the support layer in the circumferential direction of the half-shell arranged side by side, an improvement in terms of the mechanical properties of the sliding bearing with respect to the different loads in different angular ranges of the plain bearing half-shell is made possible.

It is also possible that the bearing metal layer and / or the sliding layer consists of several segments or exist or that the at least one further layer is also composed of several segments. The plain bearing can therefore be in the form of a "patchwork warehouse". be constructed, whereby a better adaptation to the different requirements for a sliding bearing is possible by specific materials used for the differently loaded areas of a plain bearing half shell. In addition, it is thus possible to better match the material properties within a segment of the sliding bearing, so that, for example, the adhesion of the individual layers to each other can be improved. However, this also makes plain bearing half shells made of materials that are difficult to produce with conventional methods due to material incompatibility.

At least one further layer may be arranged between the sliding layer and the bearing metal layer or the bearing metal layer and the support layer or on the back of the support layer, in which case all layers of the sliding bearing half shell consist of several segments, so that in this embodiment, the connection area extends continuously between the individual segments from the surface of the sliding layer to the back of the support layer or the further layer arranged thereon. It is thus possible that the individual segments of the plain bearing half shell are completely finished before joining to the finished plain bearing half shell and in a final manufacturing step, only the connection of the individual segments or optionally a surface treatment by fine boring, etc, as in the prior art is known, must be done. It is thus possible to keep the individual segments pre-fabricated in stock or that the sliding bearing can be assembled in a relatively short time from different in terms of material properties, stock in stock held segments, whereby the mass production of plain bearing half-shell can be simplified.

As already mentioned, it is a preferred embodiment, if at least one segment of the support layer or the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has different properties to the material of another segment of the same layer. It is thus achievable a combination of properties in a plain half-shell, which can not be represented in known sliding bearing half-shells from the prior art.

In particular, this different property is the hardness and / or the residual stress of the segments. It is thus possible to better adapt the slide bearing half-shell to heavy-duty internal combustion engines of newer design with high pressures or in the special storage area to the special requirements of the mechanical strength of the plain bearing half-shell. On the other hand, it is possible by the different residual stress profile of the individual segments to maintain the above-mentioned spreading or the bearing projection over a longer period of the sliding bearing so that fretting problems in the back of the plain bearing half shell can be better avoided, so that the sliding bearing a longer Life has. 4/22 Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15 can also be better controlled by the use of materials with different properties

Bearing, especially in the area with oil feeds, that is, oil wells for supplying a lubricating oil in the tread area.

Regarding the residual stress it should be noted that due to the deformation of a flat strip to a plain bearing half shell on the bearing back a tensile stress and on the inside of the plain bearing builds up a compressive stress. Normally, these voltages are equalized. However, since the plain bearing half shell is further processed after forming, for example by fine boring the sliding surface, the tensile stresses prevail in the finished plain bearing, whereby this plain bearing tends to reshape further inward, so there is a substantial risk that the sliding bearing "falls" ;. The consequence of this is that the seat of the plain bearing half shell is deteriorated in the bearing seat. With inventive slide bearing half shells made of several segments can be effectively counteracted, so the residual stress profile of the plain bearing half shell can be improved.

At least one segment at least of the support layer or the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer or the at least one further layer may consist of a material which has a different composition to the material of another segment of the same layer, so as to dominate the different requirements for the plain half bearing to be able to. It can thus better adapt the sliding bearing to the technical requirements in the medium to large 2 and 4-stroke internal combustion engine whose drivers are primarily environmental related lower emission values and higher efficiency, such as. higher ignition pressures, higher operating temperatures, alternative fuels and lubricants, and longer service intervals, which is not achievable with current prior art journal bearings as they are reaching their limits of performance. In contrast to alternative approaches to meet this problem, namely to optimize the alloys used, it is in the invention of advantage that known and proven alloys can be used further, but specifically at the correspondingly loaded points in the camp. With the smaller size bearing segments that are simpler to manufacture, compared to a plain bearing plain bearing, conventional steel back compositions can be further used and matched using higher strength shell pieces in the region of the separation areas of two journal bearing shells forming the bearing where greatest stress occurs in the installed state. Likewise, it is thus possible to combine the strength-enhancing segments with segments without this property.

The segments may partially overlap and be arranged continuously adjacent to each other, so that in the connection area, a larger surface area can be provided for the preparation of the compound. In addition, it is advantageous that in a cohesive connection of the individual segments, the welds in the region of the front and the rear surface of the segments in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell are slightly offset from each other, so that the cohesive procedure less critical with regard to the heat input in the support layer or the segments can be executed in the connection area.

It is also possible that the one or more connection areas in the circumferential direction of the half-shell is inclined or run, so that in the circumferential direction a "sliding". Transition can be provided from one segment to the next, which can cause an increase in the mechanical strength of the plain bearing half shell.

To adapt to the different mechanical and tribological requirements of the plain half-shell in different angular ranges of the half-shell, it is possible that at least two of the segments of the half-shell have a different number of superimposed layers, for example, the adhesion of the layers in high-load zones to further improve or to form an additional inlet layer in particularly tribologically stressed areas of the plain bearing half shell on the sliding layer. It is advantageous, however, if an overall layer thickness of the half-shell in the radial direction is at least approximately constant even with a different number of layers arranged on one another, since thus a better design of the lubrication gap geometry is possible.

However, it may be advantageous if at least two of the segments of the half-shell have a different overall layer thickness, so that a kind of "groove bearing", as is known from the prior art, is formed or it is thus possible, depending after arrangement of the segments in the plain bearing half-shell, so whether they are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction or in the radial direction, to achieve an improvement in terms of oil management, especially if a middle segment of the plain bearing half shell is designed in the circumferential direction with a smaller layer thickness, so that a kind of groove created for the oil guide.

It is also possible that at least one of the segments of the support layer comprises a plurality of segments or portions of the bearing metal layer and / or the sliding layer, whereby although the production cost of the plain bearing half shell increases significantly, but so that the advantage is achieved that the residual stress profile of the segments the support layer distributed over several segments or sections of the bearing metal layer or the sliding layer, so that on the one hand by the existing residual stress profile improvement in terms of anti-fretting properties on the back of the support layer can be achieved, on the other hand, an improved tribology of the sliding bearing can be provided since this residual stress profile thus does not completely transfer into a single segment of the further layer arranged above the support layer in the direction of the component to be stored.

In the preferred embodiment, the connection region between two segments is formed from the material of the segments, so that it is possible to dispense with an additional material for the material connection of the segments, whereby a better continuity of the properties of the individual segments is achieved in the connecting regions, It is hereby meant that sudden property changes in the connection areas can be better avoided.

According to a variant of the method, it is provided that the at least one further layer is applied to one another before the connection of the segments of the support layer. Thus, the segments prior to the connection are completely completed with respect to the layer structure, which may possibly result in problems during the joining of the individual segments due to material bonding insofar as overlapping layers are simultaneously molten due to the heat input, so that optionally mixed phases in the radial direction the plain bearing half shell could be formed, whereby possibly the connection region is weakened, but so that the advantage is achieved that, as already mentioned above, in the embodiment of this plain half bearing as "Patchworklager". the mass production of such plain bearing half shells can be simplified, since as required already finished segments only need to be connected to each other in different combinations of the requirements of the sliding bearing accordingly.

The deformation of the segments to the plain bearing half shell can be performed only after the application of the at least one further layer. In other words, this means that the at least one further layer is applied to a flat, that is to say on a flat, support layer, whereby the coating per se can be simplified, since, for example, no complex movement patterns for the coating of plain bearing shells by means of sputtering technology or PVD Procedures must be carried out, whereby the layer quality can be improved in itself. But it is also possible to form higher layer thicknesses for the individual layers and thus to provide a total of a plain bearing half shell with a longer term available. In addition, for shallow substrates, favorable shearing or milling methods can be used for the dimensional design of the bearing strips before shell molding. It is also of advantage that with even substrates a better heat transfer was possible, whereby hardness losses in areas of the layers can be better avoided.

It may be advantageous if the connection of the segments of the support layer is carried out prior to forming the plain bearing half-shell, since in this case the stresses initiated during the deformation also extend into the connection region, whereby the property profile no or less, erratic Have transitions of properties between the segments.

Preferably, the connection of the segments of the support layer is carried out by means of laser welding, as viewed with this method, the heat input into the segments to be joined on small, ie narrow, areas in the circumferential direction of the plain bearing half shell, whereby in particular a continuous course of Properties in the circumferential direction can be achieved. By reducing the effect of heat, it is possible that e.g. Do not lose work hardened, roll-clad aluminum alloys in the bond areas. This is particularly advantageous if thick-walled plain bearing half shells are produced. In addition, however, very different production-related residual voltage states, e.g. from the casting process or the roll cladding with the at least one further layer in interaction with the bearing segments can result, and which lead to intolerable tolerances, are better controlled. As a result, unwanted strong changes in the spread around the supernatant are better avoided in the episode, whereby the plain bearing is less susceptible to failure. The use of thermal pretreatments to reduce these residual stress states, as is customary in the prior art, is not expedient because it is accompanied by a loss of hardness, in particular of the bearing metals.

It is advantageous if a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm2, in particular at least 3 MW / cm2, is used, as this energy transfer to deep layers of the individual segments is possible, whereby the connection quality, i. the quality of the weld, in particular with regard to the uniformity of the strength, can be increased.

As already mentioned above, the segments are preferably welded together without additional material.

It may also be advantageous if the segments both from the back and from the front - viewed in the radial direction of the plain bearing half shell - are welded together, as thus shorter processing times can be achieved, in particular so that it can be avoided Due to the energy input over a longer period of time, unwanted mixed phases develop in outer marginal areas. Namely, by the welding of both sides, the welding time can be shortened insofar as the time until reaching the core zone of the segments, that is, the center region-viewed in the radial direction-can be shortened.

As already stated above, it is for the reasons mentioned above advantageous if metals or metal alloys with different properties are used for at least two segments of the support layer or, according to a further embodiment, different metals or metal alloys are used.

It is further possible with the invention that at least two of the segments of the at least one further layer are produced with different coating methods, so that, for example, sliding bearings can be provided which have segments coated by means of sputtering or PVD techniques and segments which have been roll-clad, so that it is known from the prior art that by PVD or sputtering process very high quality layers for bearing metals or for sliding layers can be provided, especially high-strength layers, these layers can be arranged in high-load zones of the plain bearing half-shell.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures 7/22 Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15.

In a greatly simplified schematic representation: [0045] FIG. 1 shows a slide bearing half-shell with segmented support layer in side view; FIG. 2 shows a variant of a slide bearing half-shell in which all layers are segmented, in side view; FIG. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment variant of a slide bearing half-shell with segments arranged in the radial direction in plan view; FIG. 4 shows a variant of the connection region between two segments in side view; 5 shows a further embodiment variant of a slide bearing half shell with a different number of layers in the segments in side view; [0050] FIG. 6 shows an embodiment variant of a slide bearing half-shell with different layer thicknesses of the segments in end view; 7 shows a section of a coated, flat substrate of several segments before forming the plain bearing half-shell in side view; FIG. 8 shows a plain bearing half-shell in plan view with connection regions extending in the axial direction between the segments; FIG. 9 shows a plain bearing half-shell in plan view with connection regions extending obliquely to the axial direction between the segments.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals and the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis transferred to like parts with the same reference numerals or the same component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position.

Fig. 1 shows a plain bearing 1 in the form of a half-shell 2 consisting of a support layer 3 and a sliding layer 4, often referred to as a running layer. The support layer 3 consists in this embodiment of the sliding bearing 1 of three separately produced segments 5, which are connected to each other forming a connecting region 6. The sliding layer 4, however, in this embodiment extends continuously on an inner surface 7 of the support layer 3 and is connected thereto.

The half-shell 2 encloses an angular range of at least 180 °. With the expression "at least approximately 180 ° " is meant in the context of the invention that such shells 2 may also have a slightly smaller angular range, for example, a maximum of 5 ° smaller angle range than 180 °, since such half-shells 2 are fitted into the bearing and training the angular range of 180 ° and under Forming a voltage in the bearing, that is, the bearing receiving, are held, as is known in the art. Accordingly, therefore, the half-shell 2 may have a spreading in order to achieve the sufficiently high tension or the contact pressure, which is or is built up by the press-fitting. However, the latter can also be achieved in that the half-shell 2 has a so-called bearing projection, that has a length in the circumferential direction, which is greater than the length of the corresponding bearing receptacle in the same direction, for example, by a value greater, according to the Formula (diameter of the bearing + diameter of the bearing / F) is calculated, where F is a factor which has the value 1000, in particular 800, preferably 650.

Although only three segments 5 are shown in Fig. 1, it is within the scope of the invention, the possibility that more than three segments 5, for example, four, five, 8/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 510 062 B1 2012-06-15 six, seven, eight, nine, ten, etc. segments 5 are used for the support layer 3 and is accordingly also a higher number of connecting portions 6 between the individual segments 5 of the support layer 3 possible. In addition, there is also the possibility that only two segments 5 are used for producing the support layer 3.

Made this slide bearing 1, that is, the half-shell 2, be characterized in that the individual segments 5 are connected together. The connection between the segments 5 can be made in a form-fitting and / or cohesive manner and / or via a press connection. Furthermore, it is possible that the connection of the individual segments 5 after their transformation, that is, the deformation of a flat strip of material in the respective segment 5 with the corresponding radius of curvature of the plain half bearing, are connected or that the individual segments are connected to each other before forming and from the entire composite is subsequently transformed into a semi-shell 2 via a pressing process.

The sliding layer 4 is applied in this embodiment to the already preformed, half-shell-shaped support layer 3 after connecting the segments 5 with each other, for example by a known from the prior art for the production of plain bearings, for example, galvanically, by roll-plating, by PVD Methods, such as sputtering techniques, or by CVD methods. Since these methods, as mentioned, belong to the prior art, the expert is referred to the relevant literature to avoid repetition.

As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the support layer 3 is formed by a plurality of segments 5 in this embodiment, wherein in the illustration of FIG. 2 the Support layer 3 is again formed by three segments 5, but also applies in this embodiment that less or more than three interconnected segments 5 can be used for the support layer 3. On the support layer 3, the sliding layer 4 is connected to the support layer 3 is arranged. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in this embodiment of the sliding bearing 1, the sliding layer 4 is formed by segments 9. The connection region 6 between the segments 5 of the support layer 3 lies below a further connection region 10 between in each case two segments 9 of the sliding layer 4. However, there is also the possibility that the connection regions 6, 10 are offset from each other in a circumferential direction 11. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the sliding layer 4 consists of a number of segments 9 different from the number of segments 5 of the support layer 3, for example the sliding bearing 1 with three segments 5 of the support layer 3 only 2 segments 9 or four or five or six, etc. includes segments 9 of the sliding layer 4.

Dashed line is indicated that on the sliding layer 4, an additional layer 12 may be arranged. This additional layer 12 may be formed, for example, as an inlet layer. It is also possible for this additional layer 12 to be formed by the sliding layer 4, in which case the sliding layer provided with the reference numeral 4 in FIG. 2 may be formed as a so-called bearing metal layer. It is also possible - instead of the bearing metal layer - that this designated by the reference numeral 4 sliding layer in Fig. 2 is a bonding layer and thus a layer structure support layer 3 - bonding layer - sliding layer 4 is present.

Also indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 2, that on a back 13 of the support layer 3, that is, a rear surface opposite to the inner surface 7, an Antifrettingschicht 4 may be arranged to avoid Frettingerscheinungen or fretting problems on the back the support layer 3.

In general, it should be noted that the layer structures shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the invention are not limiting. Depending on requirements, further layers, such as bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers, may be arranged between the individual layers shown, thus, for example, a bonding layer between the sliding layer 4 and the backing layer 3 or a bonding layer between the support layer 3 and the antifretting layer 14 or a diffusion barrier layer between the sliding layer 4 and the bearing metal layer or a diffusion barrier layer between the bearing metal layer and the supporting layer 3, etc. In principle, such sliding bearing designs are known from the prior art, so be referred to.

As also shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, there is the possibility or it is the preferred embodiment of the invention that all layers of individual segments 5, 9 are assembled, between each of which a connecting region 6, 10 is formed. In particular, these connecting regions 6, 10 may be arranged one above the other in the radial direction of the half-shell 2, so that the half-shell can be composed of several segments 5, 9, whereby these segments 5, 9 can be prefabricated. However, it is possible, as has already been mentioned, for the connecting regions 6, 10 to be arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction 11 between the individual segments 5, 9 of at least two layers arranged one above the other in the radial direction.

With regard to the production of this half-shell 1, reference is made to the above statements, in particular, it is possible to connect the individual segments 5, 9 in a material-locking and / or form-fitting manner and / or via a press connection. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the deformation of the segments 5 is carried out before or after the deposition of the layers further thereon, such as, for example, the sliding layer 4 or the bearing metal layer and the sliding layer 4 or another type of layer composite described above Possibility that when planar substrates are coated, these substrates are connected to each other after coating and before forming to the half-shell 2.

There is also the possibility that the support layer 3 and the case-by-case bearing metal layer consist of individual segments 5 and the overlay 4 is deposited on this layer composite, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, after forming the semi-finished product to the half-shell 2 so that in this case the sliding layer 4 extends continuously over the inner surface of the segments of the bearing metal layer.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the individual segments 5, 9 of the individual layers in the circumferential direction 11 are arranged side by side lying connected to each other. These embodiments of the arrangement of the segments 5, 9 represents the preferred in the context of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, however, there is also the possibility that the segments 5, 9 are arranged side by side in an axial direction 15, wherein these segments 5, 9 extend continuously in the circumferential direction 11.

There is also the possibility that in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the individual segments 5, 9 are also composed in the circumferential direction 11 of a plurality of segments 5, 9, thus thus a combination variant between the embodiments of FIG. 1 or 2 with that variant of FIG. 3 is possible.

With regard to the individual layers arranged in the slide bearing 1 in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, reference is made to the above statements.

For connection of the individual segments 5, 9 they can butt each other butt, optionally spaced from each other, are arranged, wherein in the case of the spacing of the individual segments 5, 9 of this connection portion 6, 10 with a filler material, as is customary in welding , is completed. Optionally, the individual segments 5, 9 may be chamfered in the connection region 6, 10 in order to thus form a welding groove, for example with a V-shaped cross section. On the other hand, there is the possibility, as FIG. 4 shows, that the segments 5 of the support layer 3 or in general the segments 5, 9 of the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 are arranged partially overlapping in the connection region 6 10/22 Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012- 06-15 and are connected to each other, in which case the individual segments 5 and the other segments 9 of the sliding bearing 1 in the region of the mutually facing end faces 16, 17 juxtaposed segments 5 are step-shaped, each one segment in the region inner surface 7 and a segment of the two segments 5 to be joined together in the region of the back 13 are stepped against each other, so that the two segments 5 can be arranged one above the other, as shown in FIG. 4. In the preferred embodiment of this connection form, the dimensions of the gradation are chosen so that the segments are arranged continuously adjacent to each other in the region of the inner surface 7 and the back 13 into each other, so no step between the segments 5, 9 is formed on the surfaces.

In Fig. 5, a variant of the sliding bearing 1 is shown, in which the segments 5 of the support layer 3 are carriers of a different number of further layers. On each of the segments 5 of the support layer 3, a bearing metal layer 18 and the sliding layer 4 are arranged. The two outer segments 5 of the support layer 3 each have an additional layer on the running surface 19, which in this case is designed as an inlet layer 20 or wear layer. The connecting regions 6 and 10 are in turn arranged one above the other in the radial direction, so that therefore the sliding bearing 1, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, consists of three separate segments produced separately. An overall segment is understood to be a complete layer structure of one of the segments of the plain bearing half shell.

This run-in layer 20 or wear layer extends from Gleitlagerstimflächen 21, 22 to a central region 23 which is itself free of this inlet layer 20. The arrangement of this additional inlet layer 20 or wear layer in the lateral areas of the sliding bearing 1 has the advantage that in at least one of these areas with the inlet layer 20 of the dirt entry with the lubricating oil is greatest that on this additional inlet layer 20 better adaptability of the sliding bearing 1 is reached.

Of course, the total segments may also have a different layer structure, as already stated above, in particular instead of the inlet layer 20, another layer may be arranged, in which case the individual total segments, that is, at least two total segments of total segments, have a different number of individual layers. There is also the possibility that none of the total segments has an equal number of layers arranged one above the other.

A total layer thickness 24 in this embodiment is again constant over the entire half-shell 2, so that in those total segments having a higher number of individual layers, at least one of the layers compared to the same layer in the central region 23 of the plain bearing half-shell has a reduced layer thickness.

The angle range starting at the end faces 21, 22 in which the inlet layer 20 or an additional, radially innermost layer is arranged, which may also have a higher strength than the radially innermost layer in the central region 23, can over a range to 45 °, in particular to 30 °, starting at the respective end face 21, 22 rich. It is also possible that in one of the two outer regions of the sliding bearing 1, an additional layer is arranged, it being advantageous in this case, when the installation position of the half-shell 2 is known prior to their preparation.

In general, it is possible in all embodiments of the invention, in the apex region of the plain bearing half shell in an angular range of ± 25 °, in particular ± 15 °, measured from the apex of the half-shell 2, to arrange a segment 5, compared to the other segments 5 has a higher strength, in particular a higher-solid sliding layer 4 and / or a higher-strength support layer 3. It can thus be better met the higher loads by the ignition pressure.

In contrast, Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention with over the 11/22 Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15

Course of the sliding bearing 1 in the axial direction 15 of different total layer thickness 24, wherein for simplicity, only two layers, that is the support layer 3 and the sliding layer 4, are shown, but of course more than two individual layers can be arranged in this embodiment. The segments 5 and 9 of the support layer 3 and sliding layer 4 are again arranged side by side in the axial direction 14, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3. Likewise, the connecting portions 6 and 10 are between the segments 5 and 9, therefore, in the radial direction one behind the other.

The support layer 3 is formed in this embodiment with an equal layer thickness over the entire course in the radial direction 15. By contrast, the sliding layer 4 has regions 15 of different thickness in the axial direction, namely two thicker edge regions 25, 26, that is to say with a higher layer thickness, and a middle region 27 with a smaller layer thickness compared to this. In particular, thereby the edge load of the sliding bearing 1 can better meet, as can also be achieved if in the edge regions 25, 26 in comparison to the middle region higher-strength materials are arranged at least in the radially innermost layer.

However, it is also possible that the sliding layer 4 is formed with a constant layer thickness in the axial direction 15 and for the support layer 3 in the region of the back 13 such a layer thickness profile with higher layer thicknesses in the edge regions 25, 26 in lesser Layer thickness in the middle region 27 has.

In addition, there is also the possibility in this embodiment variant of the invention that the individual regions, that is to say the edge region 25 or 26 or the center region 27, have a different number of individual layers, that is to say the segments 5, 9 have a different number of layers.

It is further possible for at least one of the segments 5 of the support layer 3 to have a plurality of segments or portions of the bearing metal layer 18 and / or the sliding layer 4, such that the number of segments within a layer from the back 13 towards the running surface 19 is at least increases between two superposed layers. By this embodiment, a finer tuning of the respective desired, mechanical and tribological properties of the sliding bearing 1 to the respective conditions of use is possible.

In Fig. 7 is a semi-finished product 28 for producing the half-shell 2 of the sliding bearing 1 (assignment of reference numerals: Fig. 1) is shown. This semifinished product is still in the flat state, that is to say before the forming into the half-shell 2. The semi-finished product 28 has the supporting layer 3 with two juxtaposed segments 5 and the sliding layer 4 with two segments 9 arranged above the segments 5. The individual segments 5, 9 are, as shown in the example in FIG. 1, arranged in the circumferential direction 11 (FIG. 1) of the sliding bearing 1. In the connecting region 6 between the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is in the radial direction above, that is arranged in the direction of the tread 19, a V-shaped groove 29, that is, the sliding layer 4 and their segments 9 not only in the range of in axial direction 15 of opposing outer end surfaces 30, 31 have a beveled edge region, but also chamfers 32, 33 are formed between the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4. It is thus simplifies the subsequent transformation to the half-shell 2 while reducing the stresses in the sliding layer 4 caused thereby. If necessary, this area between the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 after forming can also be materially connected, forming the connection region 10, as he Example of the embodiment of FIG. 2 has been described.

Of course, this groove 29 may also have a different cross section, which allows a simplification of the transformation. It is also not absolutely necessary that this groove 29 extends over the entire layer thickness of the sliding layer 4 to the surface 7 of the support layer 3, but this groove 29 may have a depth which is less than the layer thickness of the sliding layer 4, that is their segments In principle, in the case of a more than two-layer structure of the slide bearing 1, there is the possibility that more than one layer may be provided with such grooves, with their bevelling of the side walls can also be adapted to the radius of the respective layer.

8 and 9 each show a plan view of the segments 5 of the support layer 3. All other possibly arranged layers were removed for better Darstellungs-speed.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 8, with aligned in the axial direction 15 connecting portions 6 between the segments fifth

However, there is also the possibility, as shown in FIG. 9, that the connecting region 6 extends between two segments inclined relative to the axial direction 15. In particular, for the above-mentioned reasons, an angle of inclination 34, which the connecting region 6 occupies with the axial direction 15, is selected from a region with a lower limit of 2 ° and an upper limit of 30 °. However, it is also possible to select this inclination angle from a range with a lower limit of 7 0 and an upper limit of 25 °.

In principle, the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 may consist of materials which are known for the respective layers of the plain bearing 1 from the prior art or of materials which are usable for plain bearings 1. The sliding bearing 1 consists at least largely of metals or metal alloys. With "at least mostly " is meant that the radially innermost layer of the sliding bearing 1 may also be formed by a lubricating varnish, so that layer which is opposite to the component to be supported. Optionally, this anti-friction varnish layer may also be composed of several partial layers. In particular, when depositing a bonded coating on the sliding bearing 1 as the radially innermost layer of the half shell 2, this is applied after the forming of the semi-finished, for example, the semi-finished product 28 to the half-shell 2, so that this Gleitlackschicht is arranged continuously without segment training in the sliding bearing 1. This is justified by the fact that, as is known, anti-friction coatings can be produced by simply spraying on the anti-friction coating and subsequently polymerizing the polymerizable constituents of the anti-friction coating. Of course, it is also possible that the Gleitlackschicht are arranged in the form of segments in the sliding bearing 1.

The support layer 3 or at least some of the segments 5 of the support layer 3 may preferably consist of steel or a material, as they are known in the art for this purpose, for example brass. Other materials meeting the press fit requirements may also be used.

For example, the following alloys can be used for the or at least individual of the segments of the bearing metal layer 18: Aluminum-based bearing metals (in part according to DIN ISO 4381 or 4383): AISn6CuNi, AIZn5SiCuPBMg, AISn20Cu, AISi4Cd, AICd3CuNi, AISi1 1Cu, AISn6Cu, AISn40, AISn25CuMn, AISi11 CuMgNi, AIZn4SiPb; Copper-based bearing metals (in part according to DIN ISO 4383): CuPb10Sn10, CuSn10, CuPb15Sn7, CuPb20Sn4, CuPb22Sn2, CuPb24Sn4, CuPb24Sn, CuSn8P, CuPb5Sn5Zn, CuSn7Pb7Zn3, CuPb10Sn10, CuPb30; Lead-based storage metals: PbSb10Sn6, PbSb15Sn10, PbSb15SnAs, PbSb14Sn9CuAs, PbSn10Cu2, PbSn18Cu2, PbSn10TiO2, PbSn9Cd, PbSn10; Tin-based bearing metals: SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb.

Of course, other than the said bearing metals on aluminum, copper, lead or tin base, in particular all known from the prior art ATP10 062 B1 2012-06-15

Bearing metals, to be used.

Preferably, however, lead-free bearing metals are used.

For the or at least some of the segments of the adhesive layer (s), e.g. Layers of aluminum or aluminum alloys, e.g. AISc3, or from, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and their alloys and NiSn or CuSn alloys, etc., are used, in which case again all of the prior art known materials can be used to improve adhesion.

Aluminum or aluminum alloy layers or nickel layers, or layers of Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pd and their alloys, etc., May also be used for the or at least individual segments of the diffusion barrier layer (s) . be used.

For the or at least some of the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4, aluminum-base alloys, such as e.g. AISn20Cu, AISn40Cu, AIBi15Mo2, ΑΙΒΪ11CuO, 5NiO, 5, AIBi25Cu, tin base alloys, e.g. SnSb15Cu5, SnSb4Cu1, copper based alloys, such as CuBi20, bismuth base alloys, silver based alloys, Bi, Ag, Sn, white metal alloys, alloys of nickel, etc. can be used. It should be noted that this list has only exemplary character, since for the sliding layer 4 of the segments 9 in principle all known from the prior art materials can be used.

In principle, the individual segments, so for example the segments 5 and 9, be made within a layer of the same material, for example, to allow greater storage widths for bearings 1. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the segments within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 consist of mutually different materials, that is to say that at least two segments differ with regard to the materials. But it is also possible that the same materials are used for all segments, but the materials of at least two of the segments within a layer have different properties to each other, in particular a different hardness or a different residual stress profile. This can be achieved by subjecting the materials to different pretreatments known in the art such that, despite the same composition, these materials, that is, the segments have a different property profile. In particular, in addition to the support layer 3, that is, the segments 5 of the support layer 3, the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 and / or the segments of the bearing metal layer 18 or the segments of the at least one further layer may consist of a material which is the material of another Segments of the same layer has different properties.

It should be noted at this point that in the context of the invention training is possible, which in addition to the support layer 3, only the sliding layer 4 or in addition to the support layer 3, only the bearing metal layer 18th

As already mentioned, the individual segments of the individual layers of the sliding bearing 1 consist of metals or metal alloys, that is, with the exception of the previously mentioned anti-friction varnish layer, not of plastics. Furthermore, these layers are preferably not made of a sintered material.

When using metal alloys within a layer, the segments of this layer can be made of different metal alloys.

For the production of the sliding bearing 1, as already mentioned, the individual segments within a layer, ie in particular the segments 5 of the support layer 3 and optionally the segments of another layer, so for example the segments 9 of the sliding layer 4 and / or Bearing metal layer 18, cohesively or positively and / or connected to one another via a press connection or be. In principle, any welding process, such as, for example, electron beam welding, or soldering processes, in particular brazing processes, which are known from the general state of the art, are possible for producing the integral connection. Attention is to be paid only to the works 14/22 Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15

Substance compatibility between the filler material and the material of the individual segments. Accordingly, known filler materials are to be selected.

In the preferred embodiment of the method, the segments within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 are connected to each other by laser beam welding, so that in this case preferably no additive for the production of the welded joint must be used, but the compound by melting the materials of the segments in the Connection areas, so for example, the connection areas 6 or 10, is formed. Thus, the advantage is achieved that the production of the connection without excessive heating of the adjacent to the connection areas, in particular the connecting portions 6, 9, lying areas is possible, in addition, the individual segments within a layer at least almost completely connected to each other via the layer thickness are, so a reaching across the layer thickness weld. With "at least approximately" In this case it is meant that it is quite possible that a core zone within the segments, which may be up to 5% of the layer thickness of the respective layer, is not connected. This "disadvantage" is therefore accepted as a further reduction of the temperature load of the secondary areas in addition to the connection areas between the segments can be achieved. The prerequisite for this, however, is that the plain bearing half shell meets the strength requirements.

For the laser welding, a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm 2 is preferably used in order to achieve a sufficient depth heating, that is to say a melting of the material into the core layer of a layer of the slide bearing 1, with a higher degree of safety.

In order to reduce the temperature load of the individual segments in addition to the connecting regions between the segments, the welding is preferably carried out from the rear side, ie the back 13, and from the front side, ie the running surface 19, although in general the welding from one side, that is, for example, from in the direction of the back 13 or in the direction of the tread 19 can be done.

Preferably, the welding of the individual segments takes place before the forming of the half-shell 2, that is still in the flat state of the semi-finished, for example, the semi-finished product 28. It is further preferred that the application or the deposition of at least next to the support layer 3 a further layer of the sliding bearing 1 is carried out before forming the segments 5 of the support layer 3. In other words, this means that preferably flat substrates are coated, ie flat or flat segments 5 of the support layer 3.

It is further preferred that the deposition of the individual layers on the segments 5 of the support layer 3 is carried out before the welding of the segments of the sliding bearing 1. This embodiment variant of the invention also has the advantage that different deposition processes can also be used for the deposition of the individual layers on the segments 5 of the sliding layer 3, ie, for example, combinations of galvanic layers with PVD layers or roll-plated layers within a layer of the sliding bearing 1 can be present ,

In addition to or in addition to the weld, it is possible to connect the segments by means of positive locking by, for example, in a pointing to another segment end face has a groove, in particular an undercut groove, for example with dovetail cross-section, and the other segment at the corresponding End face has a corresponding web. Optionally, this positive connection can also be pressed, in particular during the forming of the half-shell 2.

The invention has been extensively tested with a wide variety of material combinations, wherein only some of the experimental examples given below are given in the following, in order not to exceed the scope of the description. [00115] Example 1: Two steel strips of different pretreatment for the support layer 3 with a width of 350 mm were roll-laminated with a bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu1, with a same final thickness the plated steel strips of 15.5 mm, the bearing metal layer 18 of a steel strip by a larger stitch loss has a greater by about 10% hardness. From the two clad steel strips 2 segments were cut off in a length of 1250 mm for a half-shell and connected to each other along their parting line by laser beam welding. The semifinished product produced in this way had three segments, of which the middle consisted of the band with the bearing metal layer 18 of greater hardness and the steel with lower residual stress, while the bearing metal layers 18 of the outer sections correspondingly lower hardness. For this semi-finished product, two bearing plates with a usable width of 500 mm and a usable length of 1000 mm were sawed out and formed into a bearing shell. The testing of a plain bearing 1 with these plain bearing half shells shows in comparison to a plain bearing of the same size and the circumference of the same properties of the bearing metal layer 18 a significantly better performance.

Example 2: [0008] Cavitation damage usually manifests itself in very specific locations in slide bearings. In order to counter such cavitation damage, it is necessary to use a particularly firm layer material, which, however, leads to considerable losses in the case of conventional bearings due to the tribological properties and the dirt embedment capability. If a bearing shell segment with a bearing metal layer of AISn10Cu1 alloy is used in the cavitation-sensitive peripheral regions, but a bearing metal layer of AISn20Cu1 is used for the remaining sections, cavitation damage can be avoided in the region of the cavitation-prone section due to the stronger bearing metal, without the dirt-insensitive and tribologically advantageous properties of AISn20Cu1 To lose alloy for the overall behavior of the sliding bearing 1.

[00119] Example 3: [00120] Three equally sized blanks were welded together, the middle one comprising a bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu alloy and the two outer blanks a layer of SnSb40Cu3 alloy, each on a steel support shell. The bearing shells of this type were used for connecting rod bearings and compared with conventional connecting rod bearings, which had a uniform bearing shell with a steel support shell and an applied bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu to accommodate the main load can. These bearings were tested and tested in an internal combustion engine for 250 hours of operation. The motion pictures of the conventional bearings showed clear signs of wear of the dirt particles over the entire circumferential area of the bearing, which leads to a disturbance of the load capacity for longer operations, especially in the main load range. The bearing according to the invention, however, shows distinct embedding of the dirt particles in the soft bearing areas consisting of SnSb40Cu3, the bearing metal layer of AISn40Cu being virtually scratch-free in the main load zone.

Example 4: To avoid fretting on the back 13 of the sliding bearing 1, the support layer 3 was made of two different steels, by the two outer segments 5 made of a steel C10 or similar and the segment 5 in the central region of the support layer a steel grade C22 or similar. Due to the different voltage, that is, the different residual stress curve of these two steel grades, a sufficiently high voltage could be built up during the press-fitting process of the plain bearing half shells 1 in the bearing receptacle. This slide bearing 1 was compared with a sliding bearing of the prior art with only one segment, ie continuous support layer 3. Experiments were carried out with increasing load until the plain bearing half shells started to spin. It was found that the slide bearings according to the invention had significantly fewer traces of scuffing after a running time of 5000 hours. In addition, it was found that these bearings can take a load that is significantly larger before the plain bearing half shells rotate.

So it was in this example, the higher-strength steel pieces in the region of the separation areas of the cooperating plain bearing half-shells attached where occur in the installed state, the largest stresses.

For bearings with circumferential areas with fretting, such a higher-strength segment can also be used in this area. The same applies to cavitation-critical areas of the camp, in particular areas with oil holes.

Example 5: Since the chemical and especially the physical coating method of larger bearings currently in mass production is uneconomical, since the designed systems do not have the right size, respectively, the construction of special systems for larger bearings 1 due to the lower Quantity requirements is uneconomical, half shells 2 were prepared by plain bearings 1, which consisted of segments 5 of the structure steel / lead bronze in the edge regions of the half shell 2 and a segment 5 of the structure steel / AIZn5 in the apex region of the half shell 2. In addition, a polyamideimide-based antifriction layer with graphite and MoS 2 as solid lubricants was applied to the segments on the sliding layers 4. These shells 2 showed very good results both in terms of resilience and in terms of fretting tendency.

Example 6: Example 5 was repeated, wherein a steel / lead bronze / nickel / bonded coating was selected for the edge segments and a steel / Al-Bi11CuO, 5NiO, 5 sputtered layer construction was selected for the vertex segment. The results of Example 5 could thus be improved.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the construction of the sliding bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

Reference Mark 1 Sliding bearing 2 Half shell 3 Supporting layer 4 Sliding layer 5 Segment 6 Connecting region 7 Surface 8 9 Segment 10 Connecting region 11 Circumferential direction 12 Layer 13 Back 14 Antifrettingsschicht 15 Direction 17/22

Claims (25)

Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15 16 End face 17 End face 18 Bearing metal layer 19 Running surface 20 Running-in layer 21 Sliding bearing end face 22 Sliding bearing end face 23 Center region 24 Overall layer thickness 25 Border region 26 Border region 27 Center region 28 Semifinished product 29 Groove 30 End face 31 End face 32 Bevel 33 Bevel 34 Slope angle Patent claims 1 Sliding bearing (1) comprising a support layer (3), a bearing metal layer (18) and / or a sliding layer (4), wherein the support layer (3) consists of a plurality of interconnected segments (5), between each of which a connecting region (6). is formed, wherein the segments (5) are welded together and form a half-shell (2), characterized in that the segments (5) of the support layer (3) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) are arranged side by side. Second sliding bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing metal layer (18) and / or the sliding layer (4) consists of several segments (9) or consist. 3. plain bearing (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the sliding layer (4) and the bearing metal layer (18) or the support layer (3) or between the bearing metal layer (18) and the support layer (3) or on the Rear side of the support layer (3) is arranged at least one further layer, and that all layers consist of several segments (5, 9). 4. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one segment (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) or the bearing metal layer (18) or the sliding layer (4) or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has different properties to the material of another segment (5, 9) of the same layer. 5. plain bearing (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the different property is the hardness and / or the residual stress of the segments (5, 9). 6. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one segment (5, 9) at least the support layer (3) or the bearing metal layer (18) or the sliding layer (4) or the at least one further layer consists of a material which has a different composition to the material of another segment (5, 9) of the same layer. 7. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are arranged partially overlapping and steplessly adjacent. 18/22 Austrian Patent Office AT510 062 B1 2012-06-15 8. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the or the connecting region (s) (6, 10) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half-shell (2) extends inclined or run. 9. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least two of the segments (5, 9) of the half-shell (2) have a different number of superimposed layers. 10. plain bearing (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that a total layer thickness of the half-shell (2) in the radial direction at a different number of superimposed layers is at least approximately constant. 11. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least two of the segments (5, 9) of the half-shell (2) have a different total layer thickness. 12. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) a plurality of segments (9) of the bearing metal layer (18) and / or the sliding layer (4). 13. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the connecting region (6, 10) between two segments (5, 9) of the material of the segments (5, 9) is formed. 14. A method for producing a slide bearing half-shell comprising a support layer (3) and at least one further layer, wherein the support layer (3) is formed from a flat substrate by forming the slide bearing half-shell and wherein on the support layer (3) at least one further layer is applied, and wherein the support layer (3) is composed of a plurality of segments (5) and the segments (5) are welded together, characterized in that the plurality of segments (5) of the support layer (3) in the circumferential direction (11) of the half shell (2) be arranged side by side. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the at least one further layer is also composed of a plurality of segments. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the at least one further layer before the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is applied to each other. 17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the deformation of the segments (5) to the plain bearing half-shell is carried out after the application of the at least one further layer. 18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is carried out before the forming of the plain bearing half-shell. 19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the connection of the segments (5) of the support layer (3) is carried out by means of laser welding. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that a beam intensity of the laser beam of at least 2 MW / cm2 is used. 21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) are welded together without a filler material. 22. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the segments (5, 9) both from the back and from the front - viewed in the radial direction of the plain bearing half-shell welded. 23. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that for at least two segments (5) of the support layer (3) metals or metal alloys are used with different properties. 19/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 510 062 B1 2012-06-15 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that for at least two segments (5) of the support layer (3) different metals or metal alloys are used. 25. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 24, characterized in that at least two of the segments of the at least one further layer are produced by different coating methods. For this 2 sheets drawings 20/22