AT396277B - METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING CONSTRUCTION BODIES IN PARTICULAR CONSTRUCTION OF CASTABLE MATERIALS, AND DEVICE SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD - Google Patents

Description

AT 396 277 B

The finding relates to a method for erecting structures made of castable materials, in particular concrete, in particular of circumferentially enclosed structures with a reusable formwork, this formwork having an inner formwork and / or an outer formwork and both formworks being upright and spaced apart in Have single or multi-part supports in the longitudinal direction and formwork panels lie one above the other between the supports and are anchored to them, and the supports are supported by tension and / or compression elements running transversely to their longitudinal extension and formwork panels can be inserted or inserted at right angles to their plane between the supports are removable and on a device system for performing this method.

It is known to straighten the outer or inner formwork for the time being and then to build up the inner or outer formwork step by step and to fill the formed cavities with concrete in accordance with this structure. This in connection with flat walls, ab »also with circumferentially closed or conical structures. Fern »is known to hang two circumferentially closed formwork rings on a supporting frame in connection with the erection of round buildings. The formwork cavity delimited by the formwork rings is filled with concrete. After the concrete has hardened or set, the formwork rings are loosened and raised with the supporting structure so that their part is still in the area of the upper edge of the cast wall ring. Then the rings become re-tensioned and fixed, concrete is poured in again and the above-mentioned interplay is repeated until the desired height is reached.This is how one wall ring is placed on the other in such cylindrical structures.In this context, the so-called climbing formwork, as for example in U.S. Patent 1,478,653 are shown and described. The essence of such climbing formwork lies in the fact that here the formwork anchors penetrating the masonry must be provided, and with which the formwork elements are braced in their entirety, with the anchors concreted in concrete in each climbing step, a lower formwork layer subsequently as an anchor for the formwork layer to be set below is used. A new anchor is then installed in each formwork layer. It must be assumed that the formwork layer is sufficiently rigid against its height. The formwork layer is raised when the previous concrete section of the wall has set because it has to bear the entire weight of the formwork over the formwork anchor The formwork itself or the formwork layer consists of the actual formwork panels and the scaffold stiffening the formwork panels. The formwork panel and scaffold form one unit, the formwork layer. In the case of round buildings with very large diameters, the formwork rings mentioned can often no longer be used, so that it is necessary to resort to conventional formwork methods and formwork means which work with supports and formwork panels of the conventional type.

The invention now aims to propose a method which can be used with relatively little effort in terms of formwork, although essentially conventional formwork elements (beams, formwork panels) are used and the structures to be manufactured are extremely large. According to the invention, this is achieved by erecting the support formwork and / or formwork and then using formwork panels up to a height that corresponds to only a fraction of the height of the structure to be manufactured, whereupon the formwork cavity thus formed is filled and then After the poured material has set, the formwork panels underneath the top row of formwork panels are loosened and removed and then placed on the remaining formwork panels and connected to the supports, after which the formwork cavity thus formed is filled and, after the poured material has set, the process described (Repositioning the formwork panels) is repeated, ins the height of the building is reached

Thanks to this proposal, it is possible to erect penetration-free structures with large expanses and with a relatively modest amount of formwork. In contrast to the known climbing formwork mentioned at the outset, in the present invention, formwork panels are held in a fixed formwork scaffold, which consists of vertically arranged longitudinal beams and transverse tension and / or compression members, which are subsequently released from this scaffold and continuously in the amount to be implemented. The vertical supports can also be implemented, provided that they are made in several parts in the case of large overall heights. Formwork panels and formwork scaffolding form two separate structural units, whereby the formwork panels are implemented opposite the formwork framework, and parts of the formwork framework can also be implemented opposite the masonry to be erected. Not only does the method according to the invention not require any anchors penetrating the masonry, but in contrast to the usual climbing method, parts of the formwork are also offset from one another, and thanks to the proposal according to the invention, when the masonry is erected, there is no need to wait until the concrete has reached its full load capacity. In the method according to the invention, it is sufficient if the concrete has set to such an extent that it is stable. The concrete of the masonry to be erected is not burdened by the formwork. In contrast, the entire weight of the climbing formwork rests on the newly erected masonry, this weight is exerted »Transfer the mentioned wall anchors linearly to the fresh concrete, so the concrete or the freshly straightened masonry is subject to high stress at certain points. All of these disadvantages are advantageously avoided by the method according to the invention, apart from the fact that a quicker construction progress can be achieved in the form of the climbing formwork. To carry out the method according to the invention, a device system with a reusable formwork is expedient, this formwork being a -2- /

AT 396 277 B

Has inner formwork and / or an outer formwork and both formworks upright, spaced apart, in the longitudinal direction has a single or multi-part girder and formwork panels lie one above the other between the girders and are anchored to them, and the girders by tensile and transverse to their longitudinal extension / or pressure elements are supported and the formwork panels can be inserted or removed at right angles to their plane between the supports, which is characterized in that the supports have projections, for example wedge-shaped noses, on their flanges facing the structure to be manufactured. These noses engage directly in the concrete of the masonry to be erected and additionally secure the formwork construction against slipping when parts of the formwork are moved. The drawing illustrates the invention.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a formwork for a round container with already potted concrete.

2 shows the formwork according to FIG. 1, but already in a second step of the method;

3 shows a detailed top view of the formwork according to ed. 1;

4 shows a formwork in plan view, the outer formwork and inner formwork having a different structure;

5 shows a detail from FIG. 3, but on an enlarged scale compared to this FIG. 6, 7 and 8 show in detail the expansion body in a side view for transmitting the forces from the upright support to the pressure or tension members;

Fig. 9 a tool to implement the upright carrier; the

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate beam connections; the

12 shows a variant since the support structure and formwork panels used for the formwork; and

Fig. 13 shows a carrier in detail.

1 for the erection of a cylindrical round container consists of an outer formwork (1) and an inner formwork (2). The outer formwork (1) has upright I-beams (3), for example profiled roller beams or wooden beams, to whose outwardly facing flange (4) support brackets (5) are attached. These upright supports (3) can extend in one piece over the entire height of the structure to be erected, but they can also be divided over this height and consist of individual supports of the same or different length, which are firmly connected to one another and aligned.

The brackets or supports (5) are designed to be pivotable upward (FIG. 13). They consist of a right-angled triangle, the pivot axis (31) being in the corner of the right angle. A raised rim (32) prevents the pressure or tension element from slipping off to the side. The support surface of the support can be enlarged by a bar (30) welded on the edge. Stops (34) which encompass the bearing block (35) laterally ensure the correct position when the support is pivoted in (dashed line in Fig. 13).

The formwork panels (7) are attached to the inner flanges (6) of the beams (3). These expediently consist of valeimten wooden panels and are rebate-like on the edge side, the formwork panels (7) used with their rebated edge abutting the back of the inner flange (6) of the girder (3), the depth of the paragraph-like fold being such that the surfaces facing the building to be manufactured since the formwork panel (7) and the flange (6) are approximately flush with one another. In this position, the formwork panel (7) is held by a wedge or a spreader bar (8) which is clamped between the outer flange (4) and the formwork panel (7). As a rule, several such spars (8) are inserted over the height (H) of a formwork panel (7), but at least one spar (FIG. 5).

Another assignment of formwork panel (7) and girder (3) is shown in FIG. 4 in connection with the outer formwork (1). The formwork panels (7) lie here with their edges on the flanges of the girders (3). On the back, in their edge area, these panels have holding members (36) which are hooked onto the legs of the carrier (3) and which can possibly also be braced with wedges (37).

The outer formwork (1) (Fig. 1) can be adjusted up to the height of the building to be manufactured. On the outside, the flanges (4) of the supports (3) have brackets (5) on which annular tension members (9) rest, which have the task of absorbing the forces acting on the formwork when filling with concrete, for example in the manner of a barrel tire . In the embodiment shown, these tension members (9) consist of I-beams which are joined to form a ring. This ring can be assembled from individual, straight-lined partial supports or from partial supports that are already arch-shaped.

Since the inner diameter of this circumferentially closed ring is larger than the diameter of the enveloping circle of the outer hoses of the carrier (3). To bridge this distance (D) expansion elements are used, which are shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 in a side view. 6 is a type of toggle lever (38) which is pivotally mounted on a pair of plates (39). Since one plate (39 ') has several rows of holes, the length (L) of the expansion member can be adjusted to the respective one Formwork conditions can be adjusted. Fig. 6 shows the expansion member in the released position. To tension the expansion member, the lever (38) is pivoted counterclockwise, so that there are cams rigidly connected to this lever on the pressure or tension member. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the expansion member is designed as a threaded spindle (4) with a left-hand and a right-hand thread and with two jaws (46) and (47) which bear against the components to be supported against one another. This spreader is infinitely adjustable. -3-

AT 396 277 B

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, instead of a toggle lever (38) according to FIG. 6, a wedge (41) has entered, which here cooperates with an expansion body (42) from a plate assembly. With such expansion members, the formwork can also be prestressed. Instead of the spreading members explained above in connection with FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, spreading bars can also be used in simple cases, as was described, for example, in connection with FIG. 5.

If the outer formwork (1) is positioned in the manner described, the upright supports (10) of the inner formwork are then set up, which are designed in the same way as the above-described supports (3) of the outer formwork. These supports (10) can also extend in one piece over the height of the structure to be manufactured or, from above, this height can be formed in several parts.

Once these supports (10) have been created, two rows of formwork panels (7) and (7 '), for example, are initially used, as can be seen in FIG. 1, and indeed in the same way as in connection with d «outer formwork and in particular in connection with FIGS. 3 and 5 has been explained. Now at least in the area of these «two rows of formwork panels (7) and (7 ') are inserted on the brackets (5) of the carrier« (10) pressure element «(12). These pressure elements« form circumferentially closed rings and can also be made from straight ones Pieces consist of or from «individual pieces, which together form a closed ring.

Once the formwork has been built up so far, the concrete is poured in and the uppermost “up to the area of the upper edge (13)! Row of formwork panels (7 '). Once the filled concrete has set and has reached sufficient strength, the expansion members (41 · 42) of the lowest pressure ring (12) are then released and the pressure ring (12) is lifted out. Then the formwork panels (7) of the lower row are loosened, removed and then placed on the upper edge (13) of the original top row of formwork panels (7 ') and connected and connected to the supports (10) in the manner described above Fastened to them A second ring of scarf panels (7 ") is inserted. The lower pressure element (12) is raised and two on the brackets (5) (Fig. 2) following the originally top pressure element (12), so that in the Consequence of a formwork state being reached, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the cavity now delimited by the shifted formwork panels (7 '- 7 - 7' ') is filled with concrete and after this now cast section (15) has set, the section described is described The repositioning process is repeated anew, whereby the formwork panels (7 ') d «now the bottom row are placed on the formwork panels (7 ") of the now top row and so on also take the pressure member «(12) upwards.

If the ring-shaped pressure members (12) are moved and inserted without being removed, this is done in such a way that the uppermost ring is raised and the subsequent rings are retightened, so that the original order of the rings is preserved as such remains. After loosening the expansion links (41 · 42), a hoist is attached to the top pressure ring (12) and simply raised. The ring which is moving up swings the supports (5) crossing its path upwards, which then automatically fall back into their receiving position as soon as the annular pressure member (12) has passed the support "These supports must not" the weight of the pressure member (12) absorb, but not the forces acting on the formwork, which would be transmitted from the vertical supports via the expansion members according to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 to the pressure member (12) or the outer circumferential ring (9).

If the girders (10) of the inner formwork (2) are made in one piece, they remain in their original position, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2. Only the pressure or tension members (12) and the formwork panels (7, 7 ') and (7 ") of the inner formwork are implemented. However, if the girders are made up of several parts, i.e. made up of several individual girders in the longitudinal direction, the bottom part of the girder can be removed when moving the formwork panels and just like the tension and compression element or the formwork panels be implemented. The pressure or tension elements used, which are under tension after the concrete has been poured in, hold the formwork panels firmly against the floor (16) without further vertical support. In this case, to increase safety, it is advisable to hold the inner flanges ( 6 ') (Fig. 13) wedge-shaped noses (17) are provided, which spring directly into the concrete and prevent the formwork construction from slipping off. The individual short straps (10 ') are firmly connected to one another via tabs (18) and screws (19). In these short supports (10 *), at least one end face (20) is expediently slightly beveled, which facilitates the removal of the support when moving the "individual elements". Within the scope of the claimed method, only a few of the upright supports that follow one another in the circumferential direction are included to implement the formwork panels.

The connection point of two short girders (10 *) can be designed so that successive girders can be arranged at an angle to each other (Fig. 11), the corresponding flange (18 ') being adapted to this angular shape. This enables the formwork in its To set the course of the height and thus to form angled sections so that masonry is or can be erected which has surface sections deviating from the vertical

To implement d «short«! Beam (10 ') for the gradual and gradual lifting of the formwork, an auxiliary device can be used, as shown in FIG. 9d. This is a kind of idler (43) with an upper hook (44), which is hung on the pressure member (12). At the lower end of the pendulum is a gripping tab (45) which is attached to the support to be moved. The released beam hangs on this pendulum (43) -4-

Claims (9)

AT 396 277 B (dashed lines in Fig. 9) and can then be pulled up and used in the sense of the progressive formwork construction described above. The invention was explained above in connection with I-beams and formwork panels which are offset on the edge (FIG. 5). The method according to the invention, however, also deals with other formwork elements, for example with cross-sectionally U-shaped supports (21) and with formwork panels (22) which have a flanged side edge (23) (see ed. 12). When erecting the formwork, the side cheeks (21 ') of the cross-sectionally U-shaped beams (21) bear in pairs on the flanged edges (23) of the formwork panels (22), with bolts (24) fixing and securing this connection. Even with such a formwork construction, it is possible to remove the formwork panels in the direction of arrow (30) between the supports after loosening the screw connections (24), so that even with such a construction the formwork panels (22) are progressively implemented in the sense of the above statements can. Here, too, it is possible to subdivide the supports (21) in their longitudinal course. The invention was explained above with the aid of formwork which has a supporting structure with vertically arranged supports, an outer formwork and an inner formwork having been shown. It is conceivable that masonry is erected, which can only be shuttered on one side, whereas the other side is formed by a wall of an excavated excavation pit. In this case, too, in which one formwork wall is formed by the mentioned pit wall, the transfer method described in more detail above can be used successfully. When erecting the formwork, as explained in connection with the preceding figures, for example, the outer formwork can be erected up to the planned height of the structure to be manufactured, and the inner formwork is then gradually implemented and raised in accordance with the construction progress. However, it is also possible to implement both internal and external formwork gradually and in accordance with the construction progress up to the planned height of the building to be manufactured. Furthermore, it is possible and should be considered here that the supports arranged upright in the exemplary embodiment shown are to be arranged obliquely inclined in the case of a conical structure, the supports then lying parallel to the generatrix of the conical jacket. On this grand inclined arrangement to form a formwork for a conical structure, the distance between two adjacent beams changes depending on their longitudinal course. With such formwork, it is therefore not readily possible to use the conversion method described above, since the formwork panels of adjacent rows of formwork panels must have different widths. From the above explanations it can be seen that, despite the gradual implementation of the formwork, it is possible to erect structures which are penetration-free. For the construction of the formwork, for its handling and loading, scaffolding and support platforms can be used, as have become known several times in connection with the construction of circumferentially enclosed buildings. These scaffolding frames and platforms will be raised according to the construction progress. In the drawings, the brackets (5) were always shown so that their bearing surface for the annular pressure or tension members (9) or (12) are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the carrier (3) or (10), or from even assume this position if they are lifted up and subsequently released (Fig. 13). It is expedient to design these brackets in such a way that they can be brought into any desired angular position with respect to the longitudinal axis of the supports (3) or (10) and can be fixed in this position. This can easily be achieved using, for example, curved elongated holes in conjunction with clamping screws. Thanks to this configuration of the brackets, it is possible to align the brackets in the case of inclined supports (3) or (10) in such a way that, despite the inclined position of the supports mentioned, they form horizontal contact surfaces for the tension or compression members. It is also expedient to provide the respective outer flanges of the supports (3) or (10) with rows of holes and to screw the brackets (5) onto the flanges of these supports via mounting plates. Thanks to the rows of holes running across the length of the beams, these brackets (5) can then be installed at any point, which increases the adaptability of the formwork elements. The formwork panels (7), which are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 as flat panels, can also be curved. PATENT CLAIMS 1. Method for the erection of structures made of castable materials, in particular concrete, in particular of circumferentially closed structures with a reusable formwork, this formwork having an inner formwork and / or an outer formwork and both formworks being upright, spaced apart -5- AT396277B, have single or multi-part supports in the longitudinal direction and formwork panels lie one above the other between the supports and are anchored to them, and the supports are supported by tension and / or compression elements running transversely to their longitudinal extension and the formwork panels can be inserted or inserted at right angles to their plane between the supports are removable, characterized in that the supports (3, 10) of the inner formwork (2) and / or the outer formwork (1) are erected and then control panels (7, T, 7 ") Ins are used to a height which is only a fraction of the height of the building to be manufactured rs corresponds to whereupon the formwork cavity thus formed is filled and, after the cast material has set, the formwork panels (7) underneath the top row of formwork panels are loosened and removed and then placed on the formwork panels (7 ') which have been left standing and connected to the supports (10) be, after which the formwork cavity thus formed is filled and after the setting of the poured material, the process described (repositioning the scarf panels) is repeated, the height of the building is reached 2.Device system for carrying out the method with a reusable formwork, this formwork having an inner formwork and / or an outer formwork and both formworks upright, spaced apart, in the longitudinal direction having one or more part beams and formwork panels lying one above the other between the supports these are anchored, and the beams are supported by tension and / or compression elements running transversely to their longitudinal extent, and the formwork panels can be inserted or removed at right angles to their plane between the beams, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the beams «: ( 3,10) on their flanges (6) facing the structure to be manufactured have projections, for example wedge-shaped noses (17) (FIG. 13). 3. Device system according to claim 2, characterized in that the end faces (20) of the carrier (10 ') are cut obliquely (Fig. 10). 4. Device system according to claim 3, characterized in that successive carriers (10 ') are angularly joined together in the axial direction (Fig. 11). 5. Device system according to claim 2, characterized in that serve to connect successive carriers (10 ') tabs (18, 18') which can be screwed to the webs of the carrier (Fig. 10 and 11). 6. Device system according to claim 2, characterized in that the supports (3, 10) on their side facing away from the structure to be manufactured have pivotable supports (5) for supporting the pressure or tension members (9, 12) designed as circumferentially closed rings . 7. Device system according to claim 6, characterized in that between the upright support (3, 10) and the formed as a circumferentially closed ring pressure or tension member (9, 12) spreading body (39, 40, 42) are arranged (Fig. 6 , 7.8). 8. Device system according to claim 6, characterized in that the support plane of the supports (5) in their receiving position are perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the carrier (3,10) and are held in this position by a stop limiting the pivoting path (34,35) ( Fig. 13). 9. Device system according to claim 8, characterized in that the supports (5) are designed as right-angled triangles and the pivot axis (31) is at the right angle corner of the triangle (Hg. 13). With 3 sheets of drawings -6-