AT396232B - METHOD FOR COATING FURNITURE, WALLS AND FLOORS WITH THIN NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL LAYER LAYERS - Google Patents

Description

AT396232B

The invention relates to a method for coating furniture, walls and floors with natural stone or artificial stone layers that have a surface finish of less than 7 mm.

For centuries, natural stone has been one of the highest quality and most sought-after materials in architecture due to its architectural and spatial impact as well as its durability. However, the high weight, which brought with it a natural limitation in use, posed major problems.

In many cases, the laborious process-related path has been taken to provide thick stone slabs with tensile and pressure reinforcements on both sides of the entire surface, and then to make a central separating cut through the inter-workpiece composite panel produced in this way. Composite panels of this type can be found as products, in each case only slightly different from one another, for example from the published documents EP-A-19 419 (BOURKE) and DE-C-28 33 874 (MAROCCO). Theoretically, a thin stone layer is achieved as the one-sided surface of the laminate, but significant thickenings in the sense of a single or multi-layer composite panel are consistently unavoidable. In addition, in the stone industry it has so far been technically unavoidable to achieve smooth surfaces, grinding and polishing differently than by using devices that act on the surface to be bombarded and polished with vertical pressure - in the sense of sticking and blasting. This means that none of the methods cited can be put in a position to achieve a complete surface finish in the sense of a mirror-smooth visible surface as soon as the reinforcing laminate on the back of the stone layer contains moisture-swelling material as core filling - such as wood or Gypsum plasterboard, or deformable or usable due to uneven pressure effects of the grinding and polishing processes, such as PU or PVC foams.

Smooth natural stone surfaces can only be simulated with labor-intensive additional coating, such as glass (EP-A-122 357), but this consequently brings about a considerable increase in weight and consequently a minimization of the possible uses. The originally reinforcing backing layers can only be ground down as soon as a glass plate on the visible surface takes on the supporting function

On the other hand, attempts were made to solve the problems of securing the workpiece in other known cutting processes by subjecting only smaller slab workpieces made of natural stone to a cutting process, since there are no larger vibrations during the cutting cut as with maximum sizes of natural stone slabs, and larger measures to increase stability are usually avoided can, as the known method of GB-A-2.163.094 shows, but here only small plate dimensions can graze. Accordingly, the areas of application are very limited, since such products can only be found in the " tiles " and " tiles " fall in standard sizes.

In our previous application we have a process for producing self-employed - i.e. H. no reinforcing layers - predeterminably thin - d. H. less than 7 mm thick -, large-area - d. H. up to the area of a natural stone block cross-section - treated on one side - d. H. honed, polished and sealed - natural stone veneers, whereby a 15 to 20 mm thick natural stone original panel is cut after it has been surface-treated on both sides. Without the need to use reinforcing reinforcements permanently applied in a force-fitting manner, two independent, thin, large-area, natural stone veneers with one surface finish are produced in one work step.At this stage, no further work steps with regard to material-stressing surface processing are necessary, as these are before the separation process than the even thicker natural stone original slab had sufficient resistance to greater vertical pressure on its surfaces, were carried out entirely. As a result of this easily executable sequence of work steps, it has become superfluous to combine thickening, tensile and pressure-reinforcing reinforcement layers, neither with the natural stone original panel nor with the thin natural stone veneers.

According to the current state of the art, natural stone veneers can be produced completely independently and are available for further use. Limitations in the format »result from the usual natural stone block cross-sections. Limitations in the lowest possible thickness of the veneer exist with regard to the natural stone material only through the natural smallest grain size, whereby at least simple coverage must be guaranteed.

In general, it is pointed out that for the immediate product characteristics of the natural stone layer and for the furniture designed with it, as we see »), there is a considerable difference whether the natural stone layer has a coating on the back with a load-bearing, thickening tensile and pressure reinforcement, whatever structure it has, or whether it can be used as a »veneer independently less than 7 mm thin, with any» surface dimension »for remaining flat visible surface design on furniture and objects, as is the subject of the present patent specification

Such natural stone veneers are rarely used independently, unless as translucent veneers of light bodies and. The production and use of wood fuming has been known from the wood industry since time immemorial. This is a thin - 0.1 to 8 mm - sheet of well-grained precious wood, which - especially in furniture making · on wooden boards of poor quality - so-called blind wood - is glued. Nobody would come up with the technically unnecessary, because of inefficient thoughts, before the sawing or peeling process -2-

AT 3% 232 B

Reinforcing layers or tensile and compressive reinforcements to be attached to precious wood workpieces to be sawed through or peeled. Rather, the veneer is cut or peeled independently without coatings. However, a thin veneer is used, either by gluing it directly onto a piece of furniture or a furnishing element, or as an intermediate product, so-called veneered panels · coated on one side or all around - and producing furniture directly from these in further steps

The present invention has now set itself the task of creating furniture veneers using independent natural stone veneers of the type mentioned, which ensure simple and permanent non-positive connection of the surfaces to be connected, even in the case of particularly large areas »veneers with a single veneer board, whereby one uses the independent natural stone veneers according to the invention in a well-known, tried-and-tested wood fuming method, either by gluing them directly onto a piece of furniture or an item of equipment, or - in an embodiment variant - as an intermediate product - similar in system to the system Hardwood panels veneered on all sides, including edge banding, known to the wood industry - wood panels encased all around with natural stone veneer, and then used as load-bearing components for use in furniture production. - The last »design variant gives the overall impression that a piece of furniture is made from solid natural stone slabs that have been surface-treated on all sides, but with the advantage of being relatively lightweight. After the completion of such a piece of furniture, all the lines and exterior surfaces are seamlessly covered with the desired coating.

According to the invention, a consequent lightweight construction regarding natural stone fuming should find its way into furniture and equipment construction.

According to the invention, the features of claims 1 and 2 serve to achieve the object.

The task is carried out using a thin natural stone veneer which is independent according to the invention and which is distinguished by the fact that on the back it has an adhesive film which is used exclusively for later bonding to any surface. The surface of a piece of furniture or furnishing element to be veneered is pretreated before it is covered with such a natural stone fumum by film-like application of an adhesion promoter and an adhesion bridge. In this way, a permanent, extremely force-fitting connection of the surfaces to be connected can be achieved with a »single natural stone Fumi» panel, even with large-scale fuminations.

The purpose of the pretreatment of the furniture surface is to achieve a satisfactory permanent connection between the surfaces to be connected, which meets the requirements in the areas of use intended according to the invention. Accordingly, the materials which are physically different in the sense of heat and cold responsiveness in wood and stone, for example, have to be largely neutralized with regard to a better phase transition in favor of a permanent, dimensionally stable bond on the surfaces to be connected.

The following procedure has proven to be particularly advantageous: depending on its concrete material substance, a corresponding two-component binder is first applied to the furniture surface as an adhesion promoter, which crosslinks to form macromolecular material by adding heat by polyaddition or polymerization and forms a duromeric film. Such chain-like or cross-linking molecules are characterized by their high resistance to changing environmental influences. A solvent-free two-component polyurethane adhesive, or a heat-resistant polychloroprene, or a copolymeric vinyl acetate, to which isocyanate is mixed as a hardener, offer further possibilities for use as an adhesion promoter, the alcohol and isocyanate types being selected such that a medium-hard one after hardening Film layer forms on the furniture surface to be veneered. After briefly venting, the adhesive bridge, which can be a polyacrylate adhesive or a resorcinol resin adhesive, is applied, with only a low level of flammability being assumed.

By means of such a pretreatment, the phase boundaries between the furniture surface and the natural stone fumi are shifted in such a way that after application of the natural stone fumi on the furniture surface to be covered, the adhesive forces of the natural stone fumi and the adhesive bridge on the one hand, and the furniture surface and the detention bridge, on the other hand, come into full effect. This coating is pressed at temperatures between 30 and 80 ° C. This is followed by anchoring by polymerizing the adhesive both in the adhesive of the furniture surface and in the natural stone fumi.

The object of the invention, d »achieving natural stone-fumulated visible furniture surfaces, can also be achieved by a further production process which provides that, according to an analogous process, panels with core fillings which swell under the influence of moisture, in particular wooden panels, are completely encased with natural stone veneers of the type described at the outset. The fuming is then pressed in a low pressure process using fuming presses known per se from the wood industry.

By this "procedure according to the invention - namely by the fact that there are no more work steps for the surface treatment of the natural stone veneer which according to the current state of the art take place consistently wet under pressure force acting perpendicular to the surface to be worked on - it is basically achieved it is possible to create any surface with the objective »! Natural stone veneer to cover the described procedures in a force-locking connection, including materials whose -3-

AT 396 232 B

Core fillings can be deformed, warped or swellable when exposed to pressure and / or moisture, such as, in particular, PU or PVC foams or wood.

As a particularly advantageous product feature, we have found that after the contact means have been pressed and completely solidified, the fumination is particularly resistant to dynamic influences of any kind. For example, with the help of conventional stone and hard metal machining tools, bores and millings can be made largely without the risk of splintering or breaking.

The thin natural stone veneer of the type described at the outset proves to be unmanageable in its own state, contrary to expectations, especially with most types of soft stone, even with particularly large slabs, if it is stored on flat, table-like surfaces To use natural stone veneer for stenciling and inlaying work, in order to then carry out appropriate fuming on furniture surfaces.

Thus, the method according to the invention, using the natural stone veneers described at the beginning, makes possible areas of application for natural stone in architecture and furniture construction, which until now could only be considered in connection with wood fumigation. As a result of the flexible, wide-ranging application possibilities, even furniture in the classic terminology with surfaces made of natural stone can be produced without furniture i. e. S. disqualifying excessive weight gain.

Furniture and object coatings according to the invention of the type according to the invention are preferably used as decorative visible surfaces, in particular in cupboards, tables, chairs, armchairs and seat furniture, as well as in other desirable fields of use in which the luxurious effect of natural stone visible surfaces, such as door frames, should not be foregone , Door portals, door leaves, frames. When used for car dash panels and boat cockpit paneling, the process-related fumination resistance, in the sense of splinter and break resistance, prove to be indispensable advantages on the one hand, and on the other hand, the product property inherent in the material, in the sense of moisture resistance, which is particularly desirable in damp areas.

With regard to its immediate product characteristics, the presented fumigation is particularly suitable for decorative visible surface design on known wall paneling panels made of waterproof, heat, sound-insulating, weather-resistant laminates made of plasterboard, gas concrete, foam, hard foam, metal, wood and / or plastic.

As a result of the procedure according to the invention in the manufacture of the fuming, we found that there is a particular advantage of high slip resistance even under heavy use. Accordingly, the figurative material is also suitable for the production of decorative surfaces on known dry screed boards for floor covering, as well as for the production of top layers of transportable thin bed elements for floor and staircase clothing. Particularly when used in conjunction with known dry screed panels, it must be emphasized as particularly advantageous that fine screed and finished luxurious floor covering are applied to coarse concrete in one valving process.

Since the objective method-based use of independent Naurstein fumors of the type described in the main claim is aimed at a consequent lightweight construction for furniture and object coatings, independent protection is also sought for the types of use of the veneers presented.

Further product features, application advantages and details result from the following description of preferred embodiment forms with reference to the drawings:

The drawings show in

1 shows a block diagram to illustrate the manufacturing methods according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows the structure of a natural stone fumeration in cross section.

3 shows the use variant of the direct furniture encapsulation, including the use of all-round veneered panels as the door leaf, and as other load-bearing components;

4 shows the layer structure of a door frame veneered according to the invention;

Figure 5 shows the use as a car dash panel with natural stone fumia in a front view.

6 shows the use variant of the all-round sheathing of a wooden plate;

7 shows the use as a visible surface of an insulating prefabricated floor covering panel in cross section;

Fig. 8 use as a visible surface of a transportable multi-part prefabricated element for floor covering.

In the following, reference is made to the drawings: Fig. 1 shows in a block diagram the individual process steps for the production of furniture and object coatings with independent thin surface-finished natural stone veneers (13) in process route (A), as well as the production variant of the production of complete all-round Sheaths (100) with independent thin natural stone veneers (13) on panels (2), in particular wooden panels - in the process path (B) - for direct use as load-bearing components (100) in furniture construction. In Fig. 2 the structure of the natural stone veneer is shown in cross section. The fumigation process according to the invention is explained on the basis of these two figures: Under 7 mm thin, independent, surface-treated on one side - i. H. honed, polished and sealed natural stone slabs (1) up to the greatest possible extent of a natural stone block cross-section on the back with a sole that is used only for later bonding to any surface.

AT 396 232 B

Adhesion promoter film (3) and can be supplied in such a pretreated state (13) to both the process route (A) shown in FIG. 1 and the process route (B). In process route (A), a surface (2) of a piece of furniture or object to be veneered is pretreated before it is covered with a natural stone veneer (13) by film-like application of an adhesion promoter (4) and an adhesive bridge (6). Then a natural stone veneer (13) according to the invention is applied directly to the pretreated surface (2), (4), (6) of the furniture or object by means of an adhesive. This fumigation is pressed at temperatures between 30 and 80 ° C in the low pressure process. Anchoring takes place by polymerizing the adhesive (5) both in the adhesion promoter (4) of the furniture surface (2) and that of the natural stone veneer (13), (3 ). The necessity of shifting the physical phase boundaries of the surfaces (1), (2) to be joined, as well as the advantageousness of certain adhesives (3), (4), (6) has already been mentioned in the description.

The achievement of natural stone-fumulated furniture visible surfaces according to the invention can also be achieved by the method path (B) in Fig. 1, which provides that, according to an analogous procedure, panels with core fillings (2) swelling under the influence of moisture, in particular wooden panels, completely with natural stone veneers (13 ) are encased, whereby each surface (2) to be coated with natural stone is pretreated with the aforementioned precoatings - adhesion promoter (4) and adhesive bridge (6) - as shown in Fig. 6, preferably by spraying or dipping, after complete encasement with natural stone veneers (13) the fuming is pressed in a low pressure process by means of a fuming press and polymerization (5) of the adhesive films (4), (6) under the action of heat. The advantageous product properties and possible uses in this regard, for example as directly supporting furniture components (100), have also already been mentioned in the description.

Fig. 3 shows a cabinet-like piece of furniture, produced using the cumulative application of the process paths (A) and (B) from Fig. 1. The side walls (21) of the piece of furniture, the cover plate (30), the bottom plate (22) and the door leaves ( 23) with the exception of the central cassettes (19) and shelves (49). Procedure (B) of Fig. 1 made of all-encased wooden panels (100) - Fig. 6 -, and provided with all the necessary hinges, fittings and other Bohningen (28). Then the already veneered parts (21), (22), (23), (49) as well as the still raw wooden panels (2) and wooden profiles (18), (19) are assembled. After the complete compilation, surface sections (2), (18), (19) to be veneered are covered with independent thin natural stone veneers (13) according to the process route (A) of FIG. 1. The right door leaf (23a) is shown open whereby the visual impression is given that it is produced from a solid natural stone slab that has been surface-treated on all sides. In a graphical enlargement window, the structure is shown as "all-round natural stone fuming (13), (100) using this exemplary embodiment, as already shown in FIG. 6 has been described.

4 shows the layer structure of a door frame or a door portal according to the invention. As a rule, the frame is prefabricated using support profiles (40) made of wood, plastic, gas concrete or metal. The natural stone veneers (13) required are cut according to the surface sections (14) to be fumbled. As a result of the frictional connection according to the invention between the connected surfaces (13), (14), as well as the possibility of large uninterrupted surfaces and a precise veneer cut (38), the full impression of solid marble milling results from the full-surface fumeration of the profiles.

Fig. 5 shows a car dash panel made of natural stone Fumi «(13) with appropriate« adaptation to any functional need due to milled cutouts (29) and holes (28). The individual sections forming the visible surface (1) also have inlays (26) through metal, wood, plastic or natural stone inserts (10), (11). The overall surface, which can be designed as desired, is assembled flush (27) and can be adapted to any color and style requirement.

7 shows a particularly advantageous application of a floor covering. In addition to a thin natural stone veneer (13) as a top layer, these finished floor cladding panels (46) have plasterboard (2) and polystyrene panels (9) in at least three superimposed layers as insulating layers for insulating moisture, heat and sound. In this way, these elements (24) have the combined function of the known dry coat, which i. d. R. is placed directly on coarse concrete floors (50). Accordingly, fine screed (24) and surface-finished decorative tread surface (1) are laid in one and the same operation. The cohesion between the individual finished floor cladding panels (46) is carried out in a known manner by means of groove (34) and tongue (33).

8 shows the use of independent, thin natural stone fumi (13) as a decorative surface (1) of transportable multi-part prefabricated elements (45) for floor covering with star-shaped surface inlays (26) in this exemplary embodiment. The diameter in this example is 3 m. Depending on the area of application, the covering with independent thin natural stone veneer (13) takes place on wood, dry screed, gas concrete or metal-reinforced cast thin beds (2). In order to adapt to any uneven surfaces, the lowermost layer (9) is preferably made of flexible material, in particular polystyrene. -5-

Claims (2)

AT 396 232 B PATENT CLAIMS 1. Process for coating furniture, walls and floors with natural or artificial stone layers treated to a surface finish less than 7 mm thick, characterized in that a surface to be veneered before it is covered with a natural or artificial stone layer Application of an adhesion promoter and an adhesive bridge in the form of a glass fiber fabric or non-combustible fleece is pretreated, and then a non-positive connection of the surfaces to be connected is carried out by pressing in a low pressure process under the action of heat at a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesion promoter is a two-component binder which crosslinks by the action of heat by polymerization and forms a thermosetting film. With 4 sheets of drawing «! -6-