WO2025014274A1 - 발광 소자 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
발광 소자 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025014274A1 WO2025014274A1 PCT/KR2024/009852 KR2024009852W WO2025014274A1 WO 2025014274 A1 WO2025014274 A1 WO 2025014274A1 KR 2024009852 W KR2024009852 W KR 2024009852W WO 2025014274 A1 WO2025014274 A1 WO 2025014274A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/83—Electrodes
- H10H20/831—Electrodes characterised by their shape
- H10H20/8312—Electrodes characterised by their shape extending at least partially through the bodies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
- H10H20/82—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/83—Electrodes
- H10H20/831—Electrodes characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/84—Coatings, e.g. passivation layers or antireflective coatings
Definitions
- An LED (light emitting diode) is a device that converts electrical signals into light by utilizing the characteristics of semiconductors. Depending on the material, an LED can generate and emit light of various colors, including infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet light.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device capable of improving light-emitting efficiency by increasing the light-emitting area.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device capable of improving light emission efficiency by maximally emitting light generated in an active layer to the outside.
- the second electrode pad can be in contact with the second semiconductor layer in the non-shaded area.
- At least one side of the first semiconductor layer in the non-luminous region may be an inclined surface.
- At least one side of the first contact layer may be an inclined surface.
- At least one side of the first pad electrode may be an inclined surface.
- a portion of the above-described light-emitting region and a portion of the above-described shaded region may include an overlapping region that overlaps each other.
- the first semiconductor layer may have a top surface height in the overlapping region higher than a height in the light-emitting region that is not in the overlapping region.
- the light-emitting element may be formed to cover the upper surface of the second electrode pad and may include an insulating layer having a plurality of openings.
- the second electrode pad may be formed by stacking a plurality of metal layers.
- the second electrode pad may be formed to fill part or all of each of the plurality of openings of the insulating layer and may be electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer.
- the light-emitting element may include an upper current dispersing layer formed on the upper portion of the semiconductor layer and connected to a portion of the first contact layer.
- the upper current dispersing layer may include a region branched into a plurality of branches from the first contact layer.
- the light-emitting element may include a second contact layer formed between the second semiconductor layer and the second electrode pad.
- the second contact layer may be formed in the upper portion of the at least one opening and may be electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer and the second electrode pad.
- the inner surface of the insulating layer forming the upper portion of the at least one opening may be curved.
- the upper current dispersing layer may be positioned on each side of the first contact layer and spaced apart from the first contact layer.
- the second contact layer may be positioned between the first contact layer and the upper current dispersing layer.
- a light-emitting device can improve light-emitting efficiency by removing a material that absorbs light from a light-emitting surface.
- the light-emitting device can improve light emission efficiency by emitting light emitted from the active layer to the outside as much as possible.
- FIG. 8 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-section of a light-emitting element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-section of a light-emitting element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 10 to 12 are drawings for explaining a light-emitting element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of a light-emitting element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the light-emitting device (100) can generate and emit light.
- the light generated and emitted by the light-emitting device (100) may be visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the light-emitting device (100) according to the present embodiment may be a light-emitting device having a vertical structure in which an n-type electrode and a p-type electrode are arranged in a vertical direction.
- semiconductor layers can be formed on a growth substrate (110).
- the buffer layer (120) may be formed to prevent cracks and distortions from occurring in the semiconductor layers by relieving stress due to differences in lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients between the semiconductor layers formed on top of the growth substrate (110) and the buffer layer (120).
- the buffer layer (120) may be formed of undoped GaN (undopped GaN; u-GaN).
- An active layer (150) may be formed on the first semiconductor layer (140).
- the active layer (150) is a layer in which electrons injected through the first semiconductor layer (140) and holes injected through the second semiconductor layer (160) recombine, and light can be generated through the recombination of electrons and holes.
- the active layer (150) can generate light through the recombination of holes injected through the first semiconductor layer (140) and electrons injected through the second semiconductor layer (160).
- a second semiconductor layer (160) may be formed on the upper portion of the active layer (150).
- the second semiconductor layer (160) may be formed of a compound semiconductor doped with a p-type dopant.
- the second semiconductor layer (160) may be formed of a GaN-based semiconductor doped with a p-type dopant.
- the second electrode pad (180) can also serve as a support substrate that supports semiconductor layers in a process performed subsequently.
- the second electrode pad (180) electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (160) is also used as a supporting substrate, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a separate supporting substrate may be formed on the upper portion of the second electrode pad (180).
- the supporting substrate may be formed on the upper portion of the second semiconductor layer (160) before forming the second electrode pad (180).
- the supporting substrate may be removed after supporting the semiconductor layers while various processes for forming the light emitting element (100) are performed.
- the second electrode pad (180) electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (160) may be formed on the second semiconductor layer (160).
- the second electrode pad (180) is formed to cover the side and upper surface of the lower current dispersing layer (170).
- the structure of the second electrode pad (180) is not limited thereto.
- the second electrode pad (180) may be formed to expose the upper surface of the lower current dispersing layer (170).
- the growth substrate (110) and buffer layer (120) can be removed.
- the light generated in the active layer (150) can be emitted in a downward direction where the second electrode pad (180) is formed and in an upward direction where the first semiconductor layer (140) is formed, based on Fig. 2. At this time, the light directed toward the second electrode pad (180) can be reflected by the second electrode pad (180) and directed upward.
- the light generated in the active layer (150) can be visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the contact layer (130) may also have an energy band gap that absorbs light emitted from the active layer (150). Accordingly, the contact layer (130) formed in the light-emitting region (R1), which is an area where light is emitted to the outside, excluding the area where the first electrode electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer (140) is to be formed, may be removed.
- a mask (10) may be formed on top of the contact layer (130) so as to cover an area where the contact layer (130) is to be maintained, such as an area where the first electrode is to be formed. That is, the mask (10) may be formed on top of the contact layer (130) located in the non-emitting area (R2).
- a first etching process can be performed.
- primary etching may be performed on an area exposed to the outside by the mask (10).
- the primary etching may be dry etching using plasma.
- the contact layer (130) exposed to the outside can be removed through the first etching.
- the thickness of the first semiconductor layer (140) can be made to be the target thickness through the first etching.
- the contact layer (130) is removed by the first etching, but also a part of the first semiconductor layer (140) located underneath the contact layer (130) is removed. That is, the entire contact layer (130) exposed to the outside by the mask (10) can be reliably removed.
- a secondary etching process can be performed.
- the secondary etching may be performed by wet etching.
- the secondary etching may be photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching.
- the etching solution used for the secondary etching may be a solution containing potassium hydroxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.
- the first semiconductor layer (140) may have a rough surface formed on the surface of an area exposed to the outside by secondary etching.
- the surface of the first semiconductor layer (140) on which the rough surface is formed may become a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element (100).
- the light-emitting element (100) can improve light emission efficiency by forming unevenness on the light-emitting surface to increase light extraction efficiency. That is, the light-emitting element (100) can improve the effect of emitting light from the inside to the outside by increasing the critical angle of the light-emitting surface.
- the removal of the contact layer and the formation of the unevenness of the first semiconductor layer were performed simultaneously through wet etching. That is, the wet etching was performed while the contact layer was formed on the upper part of the first semiconductor layer. At this time, since the wet etching is isotropic etching, the etching is performed in various directions, not just one direction. Therefore, after the wet etching, uniform or uneven unevenness may be formed on the surface of the first semiconductor layer. At this time, the contact layer that is not removed may remain on the upper part of the unevenness of the surface of the first semiconductor layer.
- the contact layer has an energy band gap that absorbs light
- some of the light generated inside the light-emitting element is not emitted to the outside but is absorbed by the contact layer remaining on the surface of the first semiconductor layer. Therefore, the light-emitting element has a problem in that the light-emitting efficiency is reduced by the remaining contact layer.
- the light-emitting area of the light-emitting element decreases by the area of the contact layer remaining in the light-emitting region, the light-emitting efficiency may decrease.
- a contact layer (130) covering a surface corresponding to a light-emitting surface of a first semiconductor layer (140) is completely removed, and then a roughness is formed on the surface of the first semiconductor layer (140) exposed to the outside by wet etching after the contact layer (130) is removed. Accordingly, in a light-emitting device (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention, since a material that absorbs light on the light-emitting surface is reduced, light-emitting efficiency can be improved. In addition, in a light-emitting device (100) according to this embodiment, since the entire surface of the light-emitting area becomes a light-emitting surface, light-emitting efficiency can be improved.
- a mask (10) is used in the first etching process and the second etching process, and the mask (10) may be changed depending on the etching method. That is, the mask (10) used in the first etching process and the mask (10) used in the second etching process may be changed to a type that can protect the contact layer (130) from each etching process.
- the mask (10) is removed.
- a first electrode pad (190) may be formed on the upper portion of the contact layer (130). Additionally, the first electrode pad (190) may be formed to cover the entire upper surface of the contact layer (130).
- the first electrode pad (190) may be formed of a conductive material. Additionally, the first electrode pad (190) may be formed in a single layer or multiple layers.
- the first electrode pad (190) can be electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer (140) through the contact layer (130).
- a light-emitting element (100) may be formed such that a first semiconductor layer (140) positioned below a first electrode pad (190) and a contact layer (130) is thicker than the first semiconductor layer (140) in other areas. That is, there is a height difference (h1) between the light-emitting surface and the non-light-emitting surface of the first semiconductor layer (140), and the non-light-emitting surface is positioned higher than the light-emitting surface.
- the light-emitting surface is a surface from which light is emitted to the outside
- the non-light-emitting surface is a surface from which light is not emitted to the outside. That is, in the first semiconductor layer (140), the light-emitting surface is a surface of the first semiconductor layer (140) that is exposed to the outside, and the non-light-emitting surface is a surface covered by the contact layer (130).
- Some of the light emitted from some areas of the active layer (150) is not emitted to the outside by the contact layer (130) or the first electrode pad (190). That is, the area where light that is not emitted to the outside by the contact layer (130) or the first electrode pad (190) is emitted can become a shaded area (D1).
- the shaded area (D1) may correspond to an inner area of the active layer (150) where an extension line (L) passing through the lower end of the unevenness of the first semiconductor layer (140) closest to the contact layer (130) meets the lower end of the contact layer (130).
- a reference for setting the shaded area (D) may be one end of the lower end of the first electrode pad (190).
- Light generated in the active layer (150) corresponding to the shaded area (D1) is not emitted to the outside by the contact layer (130).
- light can be mainly generated and emitted in the area of the active layer (150) corresponding to the area where the second electrode pad (180) and the second semiconductor layer (160) come into contact.
- the amount of light emitted to the outside of the light-emitting element (100) decreases compared to the amount of light generated and emitted from the active layer (150). That is, as the area where the second electrode pad (180) and the second semiconductor layer (160) come into contact within the shaded area (D1) increases, the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting element (100) decreases.
- the area where the second electrode pad (180) and the second semiconductor layer (160) come into contact within the non-shaded area (D2) decreases, the area where light is generated and emitted from the active layer (150) decreases, and thus the amount of light from the light-emitting element (100) may decrease.
- the thickness of the first semiconductor layer (140) in the non-emitting region (R2) where the contact layer (130) is formed is thicker than the thickness of the first semiconductor layer (140) in the etched region (R1) to reach a set target thickness.
- the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer (140) in the non-emitting region is positioned higher than the height of the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer (140) in the emitting region (R1).
- the lower surface of the contact layer (130) is positioned higher than the emitting surface, which is the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer (140) in the emitting region (R1).
- the height difference (h1) between the lower surface of the contact layer (130) and the emitting surface increases, the height between one end of the lower surface of the contact layer (130) and the lower end of the unevenness adjacent to the contact layer (130) may also increase.
- the inclination angle of the extension line (L) passing through them increases.
- the area of the shaded area (D1) decreases.
- the contact area between the second electrode pad (180) and the second semiconductor layer (160) increases, and the area in which light can be generated and emitted in the active layer (150) can also increase.
- the amount of light emitted to the outside from the light-emitting element (100) according to the present embodiment increases, and the light-emitting efficiency can also be improved.
- FIG. 8 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-section of a light-emitting element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- a light-emitting element (200) according to the second embodiment may include a first electrode pad (290), a second electrode pad (180), a contact layer (130), a first semiconductor layer (140), an active layer (150), and a second semiconductor layer (160).
- the light-emitting element (200) according to the second embodiment can be formed so that the first electrode pad (290) has a smaller width than the contact layer (130).
- FIG. 9 is a drawing schematically showing a cross-section of a light-emitting element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a light-emitting element (300) may include a first electrode pad (390), a second electrode pad (180), a contact layer (330), a first semiconductor layer (340), an active layer (150), and a second semiconductor layer (160).
- the light-emitting element (300) may have at least one side of the first electrode pad (390) and the contact layer (330) formed as an inclined surface.
- at least a part of the side surface of the first semiconductor layer (340) located below the contact layer (330) may be formed as an inclined surface.
- a portion of the light emitted from the light-emitting surface on which the irregularities are formed may strike the side surfaces of the first electrode pad (390), the contact layer (330), and the first semiconductor layer (340).
- the light striking the side surfaces of the first electrode pad (390), the contact layer (330), and the first semiconductor layer (340) may be reflected without being absorbed by the inclination of the side surfaces and may be emitted to the outside of the light-emitting element (300).
- the light-emitting element (300) of the present embodiment can improve light-emitting efficiency by minimizing light absorbed by the first electrode pad (390), the contact layer (330), and the first semiconductor layer (340).
- FIGS. 10 to 12 are drawings for explaining a light-emitting element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a structure in which a second semiconductor layer (160), an active layer (150), a first semiconductor layer (440), and a contact layer (130) are laminated on top of a second electrode pad (180) can be formed.
- the first etching can be performed.
- a first mask (21) can be formed on top of the contact layer (130).
- the first mask (21) can be formed of a material capable of protecting the etching target from a dry etching process.
- the first mask (21) may be formed to cover not only the contact layer (130) in the non-emission area (R2), but also a portion of the contact layer (130) located in the emission area (R1).
- the contact layer (130) of the emission area (R1) covered by the first mask (21) may be located on the shaded area (D1).
- the first etching may be dry etching, as described in Fig. 4.
- the entire contact layer (130) and the upper portion of the first semiconductor layer (440) not covered by the first mask (21) can be etched and removed.
- the first mask (21) may be removed, and a second mask (22) may be formed on top of the contact layer (130).
- the second mask (22) may be formed of a material capable of protecting an object to be etched in a wet etching process.
- the second mask (22) may be formed to cover a portion of the contact layer (130). That is, the second mask (22) is formed to cover the contact layer (130), but a portion of the contact layer (130) may be exposed to the outside.
- the secondary etching may be wet etching.
- a first electrode pad (290) can be formed to form a light-emitting element (400) according to the fourth embodiment.
- the light-emitting element (400) has a height difference (h2) between a light-emitting surface located on a shaded area (D1) among light-emitting areas (R1) and a light-emitting surface located on a non-shaded area (D2). That is, the light-emitting element (400) may have a structure in which a first semiconductor layer (440) located on a shaded area (D1) among light-emitting areas (R1) is formed thicker than a first semiconductor layer (440) located on a non-shaded area (D2) among light-emitting areas (R1).
- the contact layer (130) may remain on the upper portion of the unevenness formed on the surface. That is, the light-emitting element (400) according to the present embodiment may include an overlapping area where the light-emitting area (R1) and the shaded area (D1) overlap. In addition, the light-emitting surface where the unevenness is formed in the overlapping area may be positioned higher than the light-emitting surface where the unevenness is formed in the light-emitting area (R1) that is not the overlapping area. In addition, a part of the contact layer (130) may remain on the light-emitting surface where the unevenness is formed in the overlapping area.
- the distance from one side of the first pad electrode to one end of the shaded area (D1) may be about 20 ⁇ m or less.
- one side of the first pad electrode is a side facing the light-emitting area (R1), and one end of the shaded area (D1) is an end corresponding to the border of the shaded area (D1).
- Figures 13 to 15 are drawings for explaining a light-emitting element according to the fifth embodiment.
- Fig. 13 is a plan view of a light-emitting element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view (A1-A2) of a light-emitting element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 15 is an enlarged view (B) of one area of a light-emitting element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- a light-emitting element (500) may include a second electrode pad (580), an insulating layer (570), a second contact layer (510), a semiconductor structure (540), a first contact layer (530), and a first electrode pad (590).
- the second electrode pad (580) may include at least one metal layer.
- the second electrode pad (580) may include a first metal layer (581), a second metal layer (582), a third metal layer (583), and a fourth metal layer (584).
- the insulating layer (570) may include a first insulating layer (571) and a second insulating layer (575).
- the first contact layer (530) may include a contact layer (531) and an upper current spreading layer (532).
- the second electrode pad (580) may be formed of a conductive material such as metal.
- the second electrode pad (580) may have a multilayer structure including first to fourth metal layers (584).
- each metal layer forming the second electrode pad (580) may include at least one material among titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr).
- each metal layer forming the second electrode pad (580) may be formed to include at least one different material from an adjacent metal layer and may have different thermal expansion coefficients.
- the first metal layer (581) may include at least one material among titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr).
- the first metal layer (581) may be formed as a multilayer structure in which a layer formed of titanium (Ti) and a layer formed of tungsten (W) are laminated.
- the second metal layer (582) is positioned below the first metal layer (581) and may include at least one material from among titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr).
- the second metal layer (582) may be formed of a different material from the first metal layer (581) or may include at least one different material.
- the second metal layer (582) may include a material having a different thermal expansion coefficient from the first metal layer (581).
- the third metal layer (583) is positioned below the second metal layer (582) and may include at least one material from among titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr).
- the third metal layer (583) may be formed of a different material from the second metal layer (582) or may include at least one different material.
- the third metal layer (583) may include a material having a different thermal expansion coefficient from the second metal layer (582).
- the fourth metal layer (584) is positioned below the third metal layer (583) and may include at least one material among titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), and tin (Sn).
- the fourth metal layer (584) may be formed of a different material from the third metal layer (583) or may include at least one different material.
- the fourth metal layer (584) may include a material having a different thermal expansion coefficient from the third metal layer (583).
- the fourth metal layer (584) may be formed as a multilayer structure in which a layer formed of nickel (Ni) and a layer formed of tin (Sn) are laminated.
- the third metal layer (583) may be formed to cover at least a portion of the upper surface of the fourth metal layer (584), and the second metal layer (582) may be formed to cover at least a portion of the upper surface of the third metal layer (583).
- the first metal layer (581) may be formed to cover at least a portion of the upper surface of the second metal layer (582).
- the end of the first metal layer (581) may be positioned between the lower edge of the semiconductor structure (540) and the first inclined portion (c1) of the second metal layer (582). That is, the end of the first metal layer (581) may be positioned outside the edge of the semiconductor structure (540) and inside the side surface of the second metal layer (582).
- a second insulating layer (575) may be formed on the upper portion of the second electrode pad (580).
- the second insulating layer (575) may be formed to cover at least a portion of the upper surface of the first metal layer (581) and the upper surface of the second metal layer (582) exposed by the first metal layer (581). At this time, the second insulating layer (575) may cover the end of the first metal layer (581) and the upper surface of the second metal layer (582) at the same time.
- the second electrode pad (580) is a multilayer structure formed of four metal layers, but the structure of the second electrode pad (580) is not limited thereto.
- the second electrode pad (580) may be a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure including two or more metal layers.
- the second insulating layer (575) may be formed of an insulating material.
- the second insulating layer (575) may be formed of at least one of SiO 2 , SiN x , and MgF x .
- the second insulating layer (575) may include a second opening (576) of a through-hole structure.
- the second opening (576) of the second insulating layer (575) may include a second-first opening (577) and a second-second opening (578).
- the 2-1 opening (577) may have a structure in which the diameter becomes narrower or larger as it goes from the top to the bottom.
- the 2-2 opening (578) may be formed with different structures in the upper region (578-1) and the lower region (578-2).
- the upper region (578-1) of the 2-2 opening (578) may have a structure in which the diameter becomes narrower from the upper side to the lower side.
- the inner surface of the upper region (578-1) of the 2-2 opening (578) may include a curved surface based on the vertical cross-section.
- the lower region (578-2) of the 2-2 opening (578) may have a structure in which the diameter increases from the upper side to the lower side.
- a second electrode pad (580) may be arranged in the 2-1 opening (577). Accordingly, the first metal layer (581) of the second electrode pad (580) may be electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (543) by the 2-1 opening (577). The first metal layer (581) may be in contact with the second semiconductor layer (543) of the semiconductor structure (540), so that the second electrode pad (580) and the second semiconductor layer (543) may be electrically connected. Alternatively, a conductive material may be further formed between the first metal layer (581) arranged in the 2-1 opening (577) and the second semiconductor layer (543).
- a second contact layer (510) and a second electrode pad (580) may be arranged in the 2-2 opening (578).
- the second contact layer (510) may be arranged in the upper region (578-1) of the 2-2 opening (578), and the second electrode pad (580) may be arranged in the lower region (578-2) of the 2-2 opening (578). Accordingly, the second contact layer (510) and the first metal layer (581) may be electrically connected in the 2-2 opening (578).
- the second contact layer (510) can fill the upper area (578-1) of the second-2 opening (578) whose inner side is formed as a curved or inclined surface from the upper surface of the first metal layer (581) whose upper surface is flat. Accordingly, the second contact layer (510) can have a structure in which the width increases from the lower surface to the upper surface, and the lower surface is flat and the side surface is curved or inclined.
- the second contact layer (510) may include a structure in which the width increases or decreases from the top to the bottom.
- the second contact layer (510) may include a region whose width is smaller than that of the contact layer (531) and a region whose width is larger than that of the contact layer (531). In this way, a structure in which the second contact layer (510) includes regions with different widths may be effective in dissipating current.
- the second insulating layer (575) may include a plurality of second-first openings (577) and a plurality of second-second openings (578).
- the second-first openings (577) may be positioned spaced apart from the second-second openings (578) and may be positioned in a lower region between the upper current dispersing layer (532) and a side surface of the semiconductor structure (540).
- the second-second openings (578) may be positioned in a lower region between the contact layer (531) and the upper current dispersing layer (532).
- the light-emitting element (500) may include a plurality of second contact layers (510), and the second contact layers (510) may be positioned in a lower region between the contact layer (531) and the upper current dispersing layer (532). Referring to FIG. 14, the plurality of second contact layers (510) may be spaced apart from each other.
- the second contact layer (510) may include a region with a constant thickness and a region with a variable thickness, and the region with a variable thickness may become thinner as it approaches the contact layer (531) and the upper current dissipation layer (532).
- the second contact layer (510) may be formed of a conductive material.
- the second contact layer (510) may include at least one material selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr).
- the second contact layer (510) may have a structure in which a layer including silver (Ag) is laminated on a layer including titanium (Ti) and tungsten (W).
- the structure of the second contact layer (510) and the material forming the second contact layer (510) are not limited thereto.
- the second contact layer (510) may be formed in various ways, such as a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including a conductive material.
- the second contact layer (510) may be located between an extension of one side of the contact layer (531) and an extension of one side of the upper current dispersing layer (532).
- the one side of the contact layer (531) and the one side of the upper current dispersing layer (532) may face each other.
- the one side of the second contact layer (510) may be spaced apart from the extension of one side of the contact layer (531) by a first separation distance (sp1)
- the other side of the second contact layer (510) may be spaced apart from the extension of one side of the upper current dispersing layer (532) by a second separation distance (sp2).
- the first separation distance (sp1) may be different from the second separation distance (sp2).
- the second contact layer (510) formed in the 2-2 opening (578) can be electrically connected by making contact with the second semiconductor layer (543).
- a conductive material may be further formed between the second contact layer (510) formed in the 2-2 opening (578) and the second semiconductor layer (543).
- the second insulating layer (575) can prevent the second electrode pad (580) and the semiconductor structure (540) from making direct contact or being electrically connected in areas other than the second opening (576).
- the current injected through the second electrode pad (580) can be distributed by the second insulating layer (575) and injected into the second semiconductor layer (543).
- the second insulating layer (575) can also function as a current dispersing layer. That is, the second insulating layer (575) can be the lower current dispersing layer of the previous embodiments.
- a semiconductor structure (540) may be formed on the upper part of the second insulating layer (575).
- the semiconductor structure (540) may be formed in a structure in which the width increases from the top to the bottom.
- the semiconductor structure (540) has a structure in which a second semiconductor layer (543), an active layer (542), and a first semiconductor layer (541) are sequentially laminated on top of a second insulating layer (575).
- the second electrode pad (580) and the second contact layer (510) can be electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (543) through the second opening (576) of the second insulating layer (575).
- the materials, formation methods, and structures of the first semiconductor layer (541), the active layer (542), and the second semiconductor layer (543), refer to the description of the LED semiconductor chips of the first to fourth embodiments.
- the contact layer (531) and the upper current dissipation layer (532) can be formed on the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer (541), which is the upper portion of the semiconductor structure (540).
- the contact layer (531) and the upper current dispersing layer (532) can be connected to each other.
- the upper current dispersing layer (532) connected to the contact layer (531) can be placed on the upper part of the semiconductor structure (540). That is, the upper current dispersing layer (532) has a structure that extends from the contact layer (531) and branches out into several branches.
- the upper current dispersing layer (532) can disperse the current injected from the first electrode pad (590) so that it is not concentrated in a certain area and is injected into the first semiconductor layer (541).
- a first electrode pad (590) may be formed on the upper portion of the contact layer (531).
- the contact layer (531) may reduce the contact resistance between the first semiconductor layer (541) formed on the lower portion and the first electrode pad (590) formed on the upper portion.
- the first electrode pad (590) may be formed of a conductive material. In addition, the first electrode pad (590) may be formed as a single layer or multiple layers. The first electrode pad (590) may be electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer (541) through the contact layer (531).
- the first insulating layer (571) may be formed to cover the semiconductor structure (540), the contact layer (531), the upper current dissipation layer (532), and the first electrode pad (590).
- the first insulating layer (571) may be formed of the same material as the second insulating layer (575).
- the first insulating layer (571) may be formed to cover exposed areas of the semiconductor structure (540), the contact layer (531), and the lower current dissipation layer (532).
- the first insulating layer (571) may include a first opening (572), and a first electrode pad (590) may be positioned in the first opening (572).
- An upper surface of the first electrode pad (590) may be electrically connected to an external component such as a circuit board.
- the first semiconductor layer (541) of the present embodiment may have an unevenness formed on an upper surface located in the light-emitting area. Accordingly, the unevenness may also be formed on the first insulating layer (571) covering the first semiconductor layer (541) in the light-emitting area.
- unevenness may be further formed on the side surface of the semiconductor structure (540).
- unevenness may be formed on at least a portion of the area covering the side surface of the semiconductor structure (540) in the first insulating layer (571). The unevenness formed on the side surface of the semiconductor structure (540) may increase the contact area between the semiconductor structure (540) and the first insulating layer (571), thereby improving the bonding strength.
- the light-emitting element (500) of the present embodiment may include a structure in which the insulating layer (570) surrounds the lower end of the second semiconductor layer (543). That is, the lower surface and the side surface forming the lower edge of the second semiconductor layer (543) may both be covered with the insulating layer (570).
- the light-emitting element (500) may include a first region (S1) and a second region (S2) having different heights of upper surfaces in an outer region of a semiconductor structure (540).
- the light-emitting element (500) may include an inclined region (S3) in which an inclined portion is formed to connect upper surfaces having different heights between the first region (S1) and the second region (S2).
- the first region (S1) may be arranged between the semiconductor structure (540) and the second region (S2).
- the second region (S2) may be positioned on the outer side of the first region (S1) and may be positioned farther from the semiconductor structure (540) than the first region (S1).
- the second metal layer (580) of the second electrode pad (580) may include a first inclined portion (C1) of an inclined portion (S3) connecting the upper surface of the first region (S1) and the upper surface of the second region (S2).
- the first inclined portion (C1) of the second metal layer (580) may reflect light emitted from the semiconductor structure (540) and directed toward the first inclined portion (C1) upward, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting element (500).
- the first insulating layer (575) may include a second inclined portion (C2) of an inclined portion (S3) connecting the upper surface of the first region (S1) and the upper surface of the second region (S2).
- the second inclined portion (C2) of the first insulating layer (575) may refract light emitted from the semiconductor structure (540) and directed toward the second inclined portion (C2) so that it travels upward, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting element (500).
- the end of the first metal layer (581) may be placed between the lower edge of the semiconductor structure (540) and the second inclined portion (C2) of the second insulating layer (575). That is, the second insulating layer (575) is formed to cover the end of the first metal layer (581), thereby preventing the end of the first metal layer (581) from being exposed to external moisture.
- the upper surface of the second electrode pad (580) may be positioned lower than the lower surface of the active layer (542) in the second region (S2).
- the upper surface of the insulating layer (570) may be positioned in an area between the upper surface of the active layer (542) and the lower surface of the second semiconductor layer (543) in the second region (S2).
- the second metal layer (582) of the second electrode pad (580) may have a thickness thicker than that of the active layer (542).
- the thickness is the length from the upper surface to the lower surface.
- both the second metal layer (582) and the second insulating layer (575) may have a thickness thicker than that of the active layer (542).
- the insulating layer (570) in the second region (S2) may face the side of the active layer (542).
- the insulating layer (570) has a different refractive index from air. Therefore, light that travels in the air and reaches the insulating layer (570) may be refracted or reflected by the insulating layer (570). For example, at least a portion of light that is emitted from the active layer (542) and travels outward may face one side of the insulating layer (570) in the second region (S2). In this case, the insulating layer (570) may reflect the light so that it faces upward.
- a vertical extension line (L1) in one region of the first inclined surface (C1) of the second metal layer (582) can pass through the lower edge of the semiconductor structure (540).
- Such a structure allows light emitted from the lower edge of the semiconductor structure (540) to be reflected by the second metal layer (582) and directed upward.
- the light emitting element (500) of the present embodiment can improve the brightness and light quantity in the upper direction or within the target angle by the step structure of the insulating layer (570) and the second electrode pad (580).
- the light emitting element (500) of the present embodiment may be formed so that the step region (S2) has a wider width than the non-step region (S1).
- the width is the length from one side to the other side.
- the second metal layer (582) of the second electrode pad (580) may include at least one first protrusion (pr1).
- the second metal layer (582) may include a plurality of first protrusions (pr1).
- the first protrusions (pr1) may be formed to protrude outwardly from one of the two surfaces of the second metal layer (582) that is farther away from the semiconductor structure (540). That is, the first protrusions (pr1) may be formed to protrude downward from the lower surface of the second metal layer (582).
- the second metal layer (582) has a contact area with the third metal layer (583) that is in contact with the lower surface of the second metal layer (582) increased by the first protrusion (pr1) formed on the lower surface. Therefore, the bonding strength of the second metal layer (582) with the third metal layer (583) can be improved by the first protrusion (pr1). In addition, the surface area of the second metal layer (582) can be increased by the first protrusion (pr1). Therefore, the heat dissipation area of the second metal layer (582) increases, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the light-emitting element (500) can be improved.
- the third metal layer (583) of the second electrode pad (580) may include at least one second protrusion (pr2).
- the third metal layer (583) may include a plurality of second protrusions (pr2).
- the second protrusions (pr2) may be formed to protrude outwardly from one of the two surfaces of the third metal layer (583) that is farther away from the semiconductor structure (540). That is, the second protrusions (pr2) may be formed to protrude downward from the lower surface of the third metal layer (583).
- the third metal layer (583) has an increased contact area with the fourth metal layer (584) that is in contact with the lower surface of the third metal layer (583) due to the second protrusion (pr2), and thus, the bonding strength with the fourth metal layer (584) can be improved.
- the heat dissipation area of the third metal layer (583) increases due to the second protrusion (pr2), and thus, the heat dissipation efficiency of the light-emitting element (500) can be improved.
- At least one of the plurality of second protrusions (pr2) may be formed at a position corresponding to the first protrusion (pr1). That is, as illustrated in FIG. 15, at least one of the plurality of second protrusions (pr2) may be positioned below one of the plurality of first protrusions (pr1).
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 제2 전극 패드;상기 제2 전극 패드의 상부에 형성되어, 상기 제2 전극 패드와 전기적으로 연결된 제2 반도체층;상기 제2 반도체층의 상부에 형성되어 광을 생성 및 방출하는 활성층;상기 활성층의 상부에 형성된 제1 반도체층;상기 제1 반도체층의 상부에 형성된 제1 컨택층; 및상기 제1 컨택층의 상부에 형성되며, 상기 제1 컨택층을 통해서 상기 제1 반도체층과 전기적으로 연결된 제1 전극 패드;를 포함하며,상기 제1 반도체층 및 상기 제2 반도체층 중 하나는 n형 반도체층이며 다른 하나는 p형 반도체층이고,비발광 영역에 위치한 상기 제1 반도체층의 상면은 발광면인 발광 영역에 위치한 상기 제1 반도체층의 상면보다 높게 위치하며,상기 비발광 영역은 상기 제1 컨택층이 형성된 영역이며, 상기 발광 영역은 외부로 노출된 상기 제1 반도체층의 상면인 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 컨택층의 하면은 상기 발광면보다 높게 위치하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 발광면에는 요철이 형성된 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 발광 소자는 상기 발광 소자의 외부로 방출되는 광이 생성 및 방출되는 영역인 비음영 영역과 상기 발광 소자의 외부로 방출되지 못하는 광이 생성 및 방출되는 영역인 비음영 영역을 포함하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 제2 전극 패드와 상기 제2 반도체층 사이에서 상기 제2 반도체층의 일부를 덮도록 형성된 절연층을 포함하며,상기 절연층은 상기 제2 전극 패드를 통해 주입된 전류를 분산시켜 제2 반도체층 및 활성층을 균일하게 통과하도록 하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 5에 있어서,상기 절연층은 상기 음영 영역에서 상기 제2 반도체층의 하부에 형성되는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 제2 전극 패드는 상기 비음영 영역에서 상기 제2 반도체층과 접촉하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 전극 패드는 상기 제1 컨택층보다 작은 단면적을 갖는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 비발광 영역에서 상기 제1 반도체층의 적어도 일측면은 경사면인 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 컨택층의 적어도 일측면은 경사면인 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 패드 전극의 적어도 일측면은 경사면인 발광 소자.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 발광 영역의 일부와 상기 음영 영역의 일부는 서로 중첩되는 중첩 영역을 포함하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 제1 반도체층은 상기 중첩 영역에의 상면 높이가 상기 중첩 영역이 아닌 상기 발광 영역의 높이보다 높은 발광 소자.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2 전극 패드의 상면을 덮도록 형성되며, 복수의 개구부를 포함하는 절연층을 포함하며,상기 제2 전극 패드는 복수의 금속층이 적층된 것이며,상기 제2 전극 패드는 상기 절연층의 상기 복수의 개구부 각각의 일부 또는 전체를 채우도록 형성되어 상기 제2 반도체층과 전기적으로 연결되는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 반도체층 상부에 형성되며, 상기 제1 컨택층의 일부분과 연결되는 상부 전류 분산층을 포함하며,상기 상부 전류 분산층은 상기 제1 컨택층으로부터 복수의 갈래로 갈라진 영역을 포함하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 절연층의 상기 복수의 개구부 중 적어도 하나의 개구부는 상부 부분이 하부에서 상부로 갈수록 직경이 증가하며, 하부 부분은 직경이 일정한 발광 소자.
- 청구항 16에 있어서,상기 제2 반도체층과 상기 제2 전극 패드 사이에 형성되는 제2 컨택층을 포함하고,상기 제2 컨택층은 상기 적어도 하나의 개구부의 상기 상부 부분에 형성되어, 상기 제2 반도체층 및 상기 제2 전극 패드와 전기적으로 연결되는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 개구부의 상기 상부 부분을 이루는 상기 절연층의 내측면은 곡면인 발광 소자.
- 청구항 18에 있어서,일 영역에서 상기 제1 컨택층의 양측 각각에 상기 상부 전류 분산층이 상기 제1 컨택층과 이격되어 위치하며,상기 제2 컨택층은 상기 제1 컨택층과 상기 상부 전류 분산층 사이에 위치하는 발광 소자.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 제2 반도체층의 외측 영역에서 상기 복수의 금속층 중 적어도 하나의 금속층의 상면은 상기 활성층의 하면보다 낮게 위치하는 발광 소자.
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| US63/525,997 | 2023-07-11 | ||
| US18/767,087 US20250048795A1 (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2024-07-09 | Light emitting device and method of manufacturing the same |
| US18/767,087 | 2024-07-09 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20050036737A (ko) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-20 | 에피스타 코포레이션 | 나이트라이드 발광소자 |
| KR100986560B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-10-07 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 발광소자 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20140060149A (ko) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-19 | 서울바이오시스 주식회사 | 발광 소자 및 그것을 제조하는 방법 |
| KR20140100115A (ko) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 반도체 발광 소자 |
| US20200203570A1 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-25 | Epistar Corporation | Semiconductor device |
-
2024
- 2024-07-09 US US18/767,087 patent/US20250048795A1/en active Pending
- 2024-07-10 WO PCT/KR2024/009852 patent/WO2025014274A1/ko active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20050036737A (ko) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-20 | 에피스타 코포레이션 | 나이트라이드 발광소자 |
| KR100986560B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-10-07 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 발광소자 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20140060149A (ko) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-19 | 서울바이오시스 주식회사 | 발광 소자 및 그것을 제조하는 방법 |
| KR20140100115A (ko) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 반도체 발광 소자 |
| US20200203570A1 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-25 | Epistar Corporation | Semiconductor device |
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