WO2025009576A1 - リチウムの回収方法及びリチウムの回収装置 - Google Patents
リチウムの回収方法及びリチウムの回収装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025009576A1 WO2025009576A1 PCT/JP2024/024151 JP2024024151W WO2025009576A1 WO 2025009576 A1 WO2025009576 A1 WO 2025009576A1 JP 2024024151 W JP2024024151 W JP 2024024151W WO 2025009576 A1 WO2025009576 A1 WO 2025009576A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for recovering lithium.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-109269 filed in Japan on July 3, 2023, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-107349 filed in Japan on July 3, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that water and an inorganic acid are added to the black mass to adjust the pH to a range of 3 to 10, and the water-soluble lithium in the black mass is leached into the water to recover lithium.
- Patent Document 2 focuses on the lithium aluminate contained in black mass and discloses a method of leaching black mass containing lithium aluminate in an acidic solution to recover lithium.
- Patent Document 1 To recover lithium from black mass, it is usually leached from the black mass using water or an acidic solution.
- water-soluble lithium is leached into water by selecting a pH value for preventing manganese, nickel, and cobalt in the black mass from eluting together with lithium.
- the method of Patent Document 1 has a problem in that the leaching rate of lithium into water is low for lithium compounds that are poorly soluble in water, such as lithium fluoride (LiF) in the black mass.
- LiF lithium fluoride
- Patent Document 1 considers adding black mass to the resulting leachate and repeating the lithium leaching process in order to increase the lithium concentration in the leachate.
- the method of Patent Document 1 has the problem that it does not improve the recovery rate of lithium from the black mass.
- Patent Document 2 The lithium aluminate discussed in Patent Document 2 is poorly soluble in water.
- an acidic solution with a pH range of 1 to 6 is used to leach the lithium aluminate in the black mass.
- the method of Patent Document 2 has a problem in that the leachate contains not only lithium but also valuable metals such as cobalt and aluminum. Therefore, in Patent Document 2, the leachate is neutralized to precipitate valuable metals such as cobalt and aluminum.
- the method of Patent Document 2 has a problem in that the recovery rate of lithium from black mass is not sufficient.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to provide a lithium recovery method and lithium recovery device that can improve the lithium recovery rate while reducing impurities when recovering lithium from lithium-ion battery fired products (black mass).
- the present invention is characterized by having any one of the following aspects.
- a leaching step of adding an acidic solution containing an inorganic acid to a lithium-containing raw material a precipitation step of neutralizing the first slurry obtained in the leaching step to obtain a precipitate
- a solid-liquid separation step of separating the second slurry obtained in the precipitation step into solid and liquid form a washing step of washing the solid phase obtained in the solid-liquid separation step with a washing liquid
- a recycling step of reusing the post-washing solution obtained in the washing step in either or both of the leaching step and the precipitation step.
- the lithium-containing raw material is a lithium-ion battery calcined product having a particle size of 1 mm or less, which is obtained by classifying a pyrolyzate obtained by calcining a lithium-ion battery at 400°C to 600°C.
- a reaction vessel including a lithium-containing raw material supply device, an acidic solution supply device, and a neutralizing agent supply device; a solid-liquid separation tank for separating the slurry into solid and liquid; a washing tank for washing the solid phase recovered from the solid-liquid separation tank; and a recycling device that supplies the post-cleaning liquid recovered from the cleaning tank to the reaction tank.
- reaction tank comprises a leaching tank equipped with the lithium-containing raw material supply device and the acidic solution supply device, and a neutralization tank equipped with the neutralizing agent supply device.
- the present invention provides a lithium recovery method and lithium recovery device that can improve the lithium recovery rate while reducing impurities.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a step-by-step lithium recovery method according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a lithium recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
- the lithium recovery method of the present embodiment at least includes a leaching step S1 of adding an acidic solution containing an inorganic acid to a lithium-containing raw material to allow lithium to leach into the acidic solution, a precipitation step S2 of neutralizing a first slurry obtained in the leaching step S1 to obtain a precipitate, a solid-liquid separation step S3 of performing solid-liquid separation of the second slurry obtained in the precipitation step S2, a washing step S4 of washing the solid phase obtained in the solid-liquid separation step S3 with a washing liquid, and a recycling step S5 of reusing the post-washing liquid obtained in the washing step S4 in either or both of the leaching step S1 and the precipitation step S2.
- the lithium recovery method of this embodiment is preferably carried out by a lithium recovery apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 2.
- the lithium recovery apparatus 100 used in this embodiment includes at least a reaction tank 10 equipped with a lithium-containing raw material supply device 40, an acidic solution supply device 50, and a neutralizing agent supply device 60, a solid-liquid separation tank 20, a cleaning tank 30, and a recycling device 70.
- the reaction tank 10 may be a single tank or a tank equipped with two tanks, a leaching tank 11 and a neutralization tank 12.
- Leaching step S1 of the present embodiment an acidic solution containing an inorganic acid is added to the lithium-containing raw material to cause lithium to be leached into the acidic solution, thereby obtaining a first slurry consisting of a leachate and insoluble matters.
- lithium-containing raw material is lithium-ion battery sintered material (black mass) formed using lithium-ion batteries recovered as recycled raw materials.
- the black mass used in this embodiment can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- the positive electrode active material of a lithium ion battery contains lithium compounds such as lithium cobalt oxide ( LiCoO2 ), lithium nickel oxide ( LiNiO2 ), and lithium manganese oxide ( LiMn2O4 ).
- the negative electrode active material may contain lithium compounds such as lithium titanate .
- the electrolyte may contain lithium compounds such as lithium hexafluorophosphate ( LiPF6 ) and lithium tetrafluoroborate ( LiBF4 ).
- the pH condition of the acidic solution for leaching lithium into the acidic solution is preferably pH 6 or less, and more preferably in the range of pH 1 to pH 3. If the pH of the acidic solution is 6 or less, lithium compounds that are poorly soluble in water, such as lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, and lithium aluminate, dissolve as shown in the following formulas (1) to (3), and lithium can be leached into the acidic solution.
- an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid as the acidic solution
- lithium fluoride and lithium aluminate which are poorly soluble in water, can be dissolved to obtain an acidic solution in which lithium has been leached.
- other lithium compounds that are poorly soluble in water also become easily soluble, making it possible to improve the recovery rate of lithium from the black mass.
- the solid-liquid ratio (solid:liquid) between the black mass (solid component) and the acidic solution (liquid component) containing an inorganic acid is not particularly limited, but may be 1:3 to 1:7 by mass, and more preferably 1:4 to 1:5 by mass. If the solid-liquid ratio is less than 1:3, there is a concern that the fluidity will decrease and the lithium recovery rate will decrease. On the other hand, even if the solid-liquid ratio exceeds 1:7, the lithium recovery rate will not change, and the upper limit may be 1:7 from the viewpoint of cost reduction.
- the leaching step S1 of this embodiment not only does the lithium contained in the black mass leach into the acidic solution, but metal components such as cobalt, manganese, and nickel also dissolve in the acidic solution.
- Step S2 Next, in the precipitation step S2, the first slurry obtained in the leaching step S1 is neutralized to obtain a precipitate.
- a neutralizing agent from a neutralizing agent supply device 60 to the reaction tank 10 in which the first slurry consisting of the leachate and the insoluble matter is held.
- Neutralizing agents include alkaline compounds such as calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Among them, calcium hydroxide is preferred because it is inexpensive and reduces the sodium load in subsequent processes.
- the precipitation step S2 it is preferable to adjust the pH of the first slurry to 9 to 11 by adding a neutralizing agent to the first slurry.
- a neutralizing agent By setting the pH of the first slurry in the above range, metal components such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, etc. contained in the leachate of the first slurry are precipitated and precipitated. If the pH is less than 9, there is a concern that the metal components may not be sufficiently precipitated.
- metal components such as cobalt, manganese, and nickel are separated out as precipitates, and a precipitated second slurry is obtained.
- Solid-liquid separation step S3 In the solid-liquid separation step S3 (first solid-liquid separation) of the present embodiment, the second slurry obtained in the precipitation step S2 is separated into a liquid phase and a solid phase in a solid-liquid separation tank 20.
- the solid-liquid separation tank 20 is preferably equipped with a filtering device, and the second slurry obtained in the precipitation step S2 is filtered using the filtering device to separate the solid phase and the liquid phase.
- a solid phase containing precipitates containing cobalt, manganese, nickel, etc. and the insoluble matter from the leaching step S1 is separated from a liquid phase containing lithium in the form of lithium sulfate, lithium chloride, or lithium nitrate. and a liquid phase in which lithium is dissolved in the form of lithium and cobalt, nickel, and manganese that are not precipitated in the precipitation step S2 can be obtained.
- washing step S4 of this embodiment the solid phase separated in the solid-liquid separation step S3 is washed with a washing liquid in the washing tank 30, and a post-wash slurry can be obtained.
- the solid phase separated in the solid-liquid separation step S3 lithium is attached to the surface of the solid phase.
- the solid phase is washed to transfer the lithium attached to the surface of the solid phase to a washing liquid.
- the cleaning liquid may be water, dilute sulfuric acid, lime water, etc.
- concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is preferably 0.1 mol/L or less
- concentration of lime water is preferably 0.1 mass % or less.
- the solid phase separated in the solid-liquid separation step S3 may be immersed in a washing liquid and washed.
- the post-wash liquid is then supplied to the reaction vessel 10 using the recycling device 70 .
- the post-washing liquid can be used in place of the water used in the acidic solution containing inorganic acid.
- the post-wash liquid can be added to the first slurry together with the neutralizing agent via the neutralizing agent supply device 60.
- a liquid amount required for the first slurry obtained in the leaching step S1 may be taken from the post-washing liquid and reused in the leaching step S1, and then the remaining liquid of the post-washing liquid may be reused in the precipitation step S2.
- the post-washing solution containing lithium recovered in the washing step S4 can be used in either or both of the leaching step S1 and the precipitation step S2 from the second time onwards.
- the lithium contained in the black mass is prevented from being discharged outside the system of the lithium recovery apparatus 100 in a form other than that of being recovered as a lithium leachate, and the lithium recovery rate can be improved.
- the liquid discharged outside the system of the lithium recovery apparatus 100 is only the liquid phase containing lithium, so that the cost of treating the discharged liquid can be reduced.
- the leaching step S1 and the precipitation step S2 were performed in one reaction tank 10.
- the leaching step S1 and the precipitation step S2 may be performed using a reaction tank 10 including two tanks, a leaching tank 11 and a neutralization tank 12.
- the leaching tank 11 is equipped with a lithium-containing raw material supply device 40 and an acidic solution supply device 50
- the neutralization tank 12 is equipped with a neutralizing agent supply device 60. Then, the first slurry produced in the leaching tank 11 in the leaching step S1 is moved to the neutralization tank 12, and then a neutralizing agent is added to the first slurry from the neutralizing agent supply device 60 to carry out the precipitation step S2.
- reaction tank 10 When the reaction tank 10 is equipped with a leaching tank 11 and a neutralization tank 12, it is preferable to use a recycling device 70 to supply the post-cleaning liquid to either or both of the leaching tank 11 and the neutralization tank 12, thereby recycling the post-cleaning liquid.
- solid-liquid separation is not performed between the leaching step S1 and the precipitation step S2, which prevents the loss of lithium remaining in the solid residue of the solid-liquid separation and improves the recovery rate of lithium from the black mass.
- the lithium recovery apparatus 100 of the present embodiment at least includes a reaction tank 10 equipped with a lithium-containing raw material supply device 40, an acidic solution supply device 50, and a neutralizing agent supply device 60, a solid-liquid separation tank 20, a washing tank 30, and a recycling device 70.
- the reaction tank 10 may be a single tank or a tank having two tanks, namely, a leaching tank 11 and a neutralization tank 12.
- the reaction tank 10 (leaching tank 11) of this embodiment may be a reaction tank capable of leaching lithium from a lithium-containing raw material using one or more inorganic acids selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid.
- the reaction tank 10 (neutralization tank 12) of this embodiment may be a reaction tank capable of neutralizing a first slurry containing a lithium leaching solution.
- the solid-liquid separation tank 20 may be a separation device, for example, a filtration device, which separates the second slurry after neutralization into solid and liquid.
- the cleaning tank 30 may be configured to clean the surface of a solid phase having lithium attached thereto and transfer lithium to a cleaning solution.
- the recycling device 70 may be a device having a post-cleaning liquid delivery device that supplies a post-cleaning liquid containing lithium to the reaction tank.
- the lithium ion battery cells were pyrolyzed by heating at 500° C.
- the fired product was crushed and classified to recover the lithium ion battery fired product (black mass) having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less.
- the composition of the obtained black mass is shown in Table 1.
- the composition of the black mass was measured by dissolving the black mass in acid and then by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
- Test Example 1 The black mass and an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid and water were supplied to a reaction tank 10, and stirred for 60 minutes in the reaction tank 10 under conditions of pH: 1.8 to 1.9 and temperature: 25° C. to leach lithium in the black mass into the acidic solution, thereby obtaining a first slurry (leaching step S1). At this time, the solid-liquid ratio (solid:liquid) of the black mass (solid) and the acidic solution (liquid) was 1:7.
- the pH was obtained by measuring the pH during lithium leaching with a pH meter (manufactured by DKK-TOA).
- the second slurry was filtered using a vacuum filtration device (solid-liquid separation tank 20) to separate it into a solid phase and a liquid phase (solid-liquid separation step S3).
- Water (cleaning liquid) was added to the vacuum filtration device where the solid phase remained so that the solid-liquid ratio (solid phase:cleaning liquid) was 1:3 by mass, and the mixture was filtered again under reduced pressure to obtain a washed slurry in which the lithium attached to the surface of the solid phase was transferred to the cleaning liquid (cleaning step S4).
- the lithium concentration in the washing residue obtained by subjecting the post-washing slurry to solid-liquid separation after the washing step S4 was 0.2 mass %.
- the lithium concentration in the first post-washing liquid obtained by subjecting the post-washing slurry to solid-liquid separation was 7 g/L.
- the lithium concentration in the cleaning residue was determined by washing the cleaning residue with water and then measuring the lithium concentration in the cleaning solution using an ICP (iCAP7600Duo manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- the lithium concentration in the solution after cleaning was measured using an ICP (iCAP7600Duo manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- Example 1 The black mass and an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid and a lithium-containing liquid were supplied to a reaction tank 10, and the lithium in the black mass was leached into the acidic solution in the reaction tank 10 under conditions of pH: 1.8 to 1.9 and temperature: 25° C. to obtain a first slurry (leaching step S1). At this time, the solid-liquid ratio (solid:liquid) of the black mass (solid) and the acidic solution (liquid) was 1:7.
- the lithium concentration in the lithium-containing solution was 7 g/L, which is the same as the lithium concentration in the first post-cleaning solution obtained in Test Example 1.
- the second slurry was filtered using a vacuum filtration device (solid-liquid separation tank 20) to separate it into a solid phase and a liquid phase (solid-liquid separation step S3).
- water (cleaning liquid) was added to the vacuum filtration device where the solid phase remained, so that the solid-liquid ratio (solid phase:cleaning liquid) was 1:2 by mass, and the solid phase was washed to transfer the lithium attached to the surface of the solid phase to the cleaning liquid, thereby obtaining a washed slurry (cleaning step S4).
- the lithium concentration in the washing residue obtained by subjecting the post-washing slurry to solid-liquid separation after the washing step S4 was 0.8 mass %.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- the lithium concentration in the second post-wash liquid obtained by subjecting the post-wash slurry to solid-liquid separation after the washing step S4 was 7.0 g/L.
- Example 2 The leaching step S1, the precipitation step S2, the solid-liquid separation step S3, and the washing step S4 were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the solid-liquid ratio (solid:liquid) of the black mass (solid) and the acidic solution (liquid) in the leaching step S1 in Example 1 was changed to 1:3.
- the lithium concentration in the washing residue obtained by subjecting the post-washing slurry to solid-liquid separation after the washing step S4 was 0.8 mass %.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 The leaching step S1, precipitation step S2, solid-liquid separation step S3, and washing step S4 were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the solid-liquid ratio (solid:liquid) of the black mass (solid) and the acidic solution (liquid) in the leaching step S1 in Example 1 was changed to 1:3, and the solid-liquid ratio (solid phase:washing liquid) in the washing step S4 was changed to 1:5 by mass.
- the lithium concentration in the washing residue obtained by subjecting the post-washing slurry to solid-liquid separation after the washing step S4 was 0.4 mass %.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- the lithium concentration in the second washed solution obtained by subjecting the washed slurry to solid-liquid separation after the washing step S4 was 3.0 g/L.
- Example 4 The leaching step S1, the precipitation step S2, the solid-liquid separation step S3, and the washing step S4 were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the solid-liquid ratio (solid phase:washing liquid) in the washing step S4 in Example 1 was changed to 1:9 by mass.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1 The leaching step S1, the precipitation step S2, and the solid-liquid separation step S3 were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- the lithium content in the solid phase obtained in the solid-liquid separation step S3 was 2.0 mass %.
- Table 3 The results are shown in Table 3. That is, it was confirmed that when the washing step S4 of washing the solid phase obtained in the solid-liquid separation step S3 and the recycling step S5 of recycling the post-washing liquid are not performed, a larger amount of lithium remains in the solid phase after the solid-liquid separation step, and therefore a loss of lithium always occurs and the recovery rate of lithium decreases.
- Example 2 it was shown that by carrying out the washing step S4 and the recycling step S5 of the present invention, the concentration of lithium discharged outside the system of the lithium recovery apparatus 100 of the present invention, i.e., the lithium concentration in the washing residue obtained by solid-liquid separation of the slurry after washing, was low, and the recovery rate of lithium was improved.
- Example 2 it was shown that if the solid-liquid ratio in the leaching step S1 is 1:3 or less, there is no problem with handling in the leaching step, and the post-wash liquid can be repeatedly recycled. It was confirmed that the lithium concentration in the second post-cleaning solution was reduced by increasing the amount of the cleaning solution in the cleaning step S4 in Examples 1, 3, and 4.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2023年7月3日に日本に出願された特願2023-109269号、及び2024年7月3日に日本に出願された特願2024-107349号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
特許文献1に開示のリチウムの回収方法では、ブラックマス中のマンガン、ニッケル、及びコバルトがリチウムと共に溶出することを防ぐためのpHを選択して、水溶性のリチウムを水に浸出させている。しかし、特許文献1の方法では、ブラックマス中のフッ化リチウム(LiF)のような水に難溶解性のリチウム化合物について、リチウムの水への浸出率が低くなるという課題があった。
しかし、特許文献2の方法でも、ブラックマスからのリチウムの回収率は十分ではないという課題がある。
(1) リチウム含有原料に無機酸を含有する酸性溶液を加える浸出工程と、
前記浸出工程で得た第1のスラリーを中和して、沈殿物を得る沈殿工程と、
前記沈殿工程で得た第2のスラリーを固液分離する固液分離工程と、
前記固液分離工程で得られた固相を洗浄液で洗浄する洗浄工程と、
前記洗浄工程で得られた洗浄後液を、前記浸出工程及び前記沈殿工程の何れか又は両方で再利用するリサイクル工程と、を有するリチウムの回収方法。
スラリーを固液分離する固液分離槽と、
前記固液分離槽から回収される固相を洗浄する洗浄槽と、
前記洗浄槽から回収される洗浄後液を、前記反応槽に供給するリサイクルデバイスと、を備えるリチウムの回収装置。
本実施形態のリチウムの回収方法は、図1で示す通り、リチウム含有原料に無機酸を含有する酸性溶液を加えて、前記酸性溶液にリチウムを浸出させる浸出工程S1と、前記浸出工程S1で得た第1のスラリーを中和して、沈殿物を得る沈殿工程S2と、前記沈殿工程S2で得た第2のスラリーを固液分離する固液分離工程S3と、前記固液分離工程S3で得られた固相を洗浄液で洗浄する洗浄工程S4と、前記洗浄工程S4で得られた洗浄後液を、前記浸出工程S1及び前記沈殿工程S2の何れか又は両方で再利用するリサイクル工程S5と、を少なくとも有する。
本実施形態の浸出工程S1では、リチウム含有原料に無機酸を含有する酸性溶液を加えて、酸性溶液にリチウムを浸出させて、浸出液と不溶解物からなる第1のスラリーが得られる。
リチウムイオン電池の正極活物質には、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)などのリチウム化合物が含まれている。また、負極活物質には、チタン酸リチウムなどのリチウム化合物が含まれているものがある。更に、電解液には、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)や四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4)などのリチウム化合物が含まれている。
こうした熱分解によって、リチウムイオン電池に含まれるフッ素成分である有機フッ素化合物は熱分解してフッ化水素を生成する。また、電解質の六フッ化リン酸リチウムや四フッ化ホウ酸リチウムなどは熱分解してフッ化水素とリン酸を生成する。
本実施形態の浸出工程S1では、上述したようなリチウム化合物を含有するリチウムイオン電池焼成物(ブラックマス)をリチウム含有原料として用いる。
反応槽10において、リチウム含有原料であるブラックマスと、無機酸を含有する酸性溶液とを混合し、酸性溶液にリチウムを浸出させる。
第1回目の浸出工程S1においては、酸性溶液は、更に水を含有していてもよい。
酸性溶液のpHが6以下であれば、炭酸リチウム、フッ化リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムなどの水に難溶解性を示すリチウム化合物が以下の式(1)~(3)で示すように溶解し、酸性溶液中にリチウムを浸出させることができる。
Li2CO3+H2SO4→Li2SO4(液相)+H2O(液相)+CO2(ガス) (1)
2LiF+H2SO4→Li2SO4(液相)+2HF(液相) (2)
2LiAlO2+4H2SO4→Li2SO4(液相)+Al2(SO4)3+4H2O (3)
上記の条件下では、水に難溶解性を示す他のリチウム化合物も溶解しやすく、ブラックマスからのリチウムの回収率を向上させることが出来る。
固液比が1:3未満である場合、流動性が低下するためリチウムの回収率の低下が懸念される。一方、固液比が1:7を超えてもリチウムの回収率は変化せず、コスト削減の観点から上限値は1:7であってもよい。
次に、沈殿工程S2にて、浸出工程S1で得た第1のスラリーを中和して、沈殿物を得る。
本実施形態では、浸出液と不溶解物からなる第1のスラリーが保持されている反応槽10に、中和剤供給デバイス60より中和剤を添加することが好ましい。
本実施形態では、第1のスラリーに含有されるリチウムの損失を避けるため、浸出工程S1と沈殿工程S2とを同じ反応槽10で行うことがより好ましい。
第1のスラリーのpHを上記範囲とすることで、第1のスラリーの浸出液中に含有されるコバルト、マンガン、ニッケルなどの金属成分が析出し、沈殿する。なお、pHが9未満の場合、金属成分が十分析出しないことが懸念される。
本実施形態の沈殿工程S2によれば、コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルなどの金属成分が沈殿物として析出し、沈殿している第2のスラリーが得られる。
本実施形態の固液分離工程S3(第1の固液分離)では、固液分離槽20にて、沈殿工程S2で得られた第2のスラリーを液相と固相とに分離する。
固液分離槽20は濾過装置を備えていることが好ましく、濾過装置を用いて、沈殿工程S2で得られた第2のスラリーを濾過することにより、固相と液相とを濾別すればよい。こうした固液分離工程S3によって、コバルト、マンガン、ニッケルなどを含む沈殿物と浸出工程S1の不溶解分とを含有する固相と、リチウムが硫酸リチウム、塩化リチウム、及び硝酸リチウムの何れかの形で溶解した液相と、をそれぞれ得ることができる。液相はリチウムを含み、沈殿工程S2で沈殿しきれないコバルト、ニッケル、マンガンが含まれた溶液であってもよい。
本実施形態の洗浄工程S4では、洗浄槽30にて、固液分離工程S3で分離された固相を、洗浄液を用いて洗浄し、洗浄後スラリーを得ることができる。
固液分離工程S3で分離された固相では、固相の表面にリチウムが付着している。本実施形態では、該固相を洗浄して固相の表面に付着しているリチウムを洗浄液に移行させる。
洗浄槽30では、固液分離工程S3で分離された固相を洗浄液に浸漬させて、洗浄するとよい。
固液比が上記の範囲であれば、固相表面に付着したリチウムを除去して、固相に残留しているリチウムを回収できる。固液比が1:2未満の場合、固相と洗浄液とからなるスラリーの流動性が低く、固相表面に付着したリチウムを洗浄液に移行させ難い傾向がある。一方、固液比が1:9を超えても回収できるリチウムの量に変化はなく、コスト削減の観点から上限値は1:9であることが好ましい。
なお、洗浄工程S4は洗浄槽30ではなく、固液分離工程S3で用いた固液分離槽20で行ってもよい。
本実施形態のリサイクル工程S5では、洗浄工程S4で得られた洗浄後液を、浸出工程S1及び沈殿工程S2の何れか又は両方で再利用する。
洗浄後液を反応槽10に供給し、浸出工程S1で再利用する場合は、無機酸を有する酸性溶液で用いた水に代えて、洗浄後液を用いることができる。
洗浄後液を反応槽10に供給し、沈殿工程S2で再利用する場合は、中和剤と共に中和剤供給デバイス60を介して洗浄後液を第1のスラリーに添加することができる。
このとき、洗浄後液から、浸出工程S1で得る第1のスラリーに必要な液量を分取して浸出工程S1で再利用し、その後、洗浄後液の残液を沈殿工程S2で再利用してもよい。
このような本実施形態のリサイクル工程S5によれば、ブラックマスに含有されるリチウムが、リチウム浸出液として回収される以外の形で、リチウムの回収装置100の系外に排出されることを防ぎ、リチウムの回収率を改善することが出来る。
また、本実施形態のリサイクル工程によれば、リチウムの回収装置100の系外に排出される液体はリチウムを含有する液相だけとなり、排液の処理コストを削減できる。
固液分離工程S3で得た液相を浸出工程S1に供給して、2回目以降の浸出工程S1を行う場合、2回目以降の液相におけるリチウム濃度を高くすることが出来る。
この場合、浸出槽11がリチウム含有原料供給デバイス40及び酸性溶液供給デバイス50を備え、中和槽12が中和剤供給デバイス60を備える。そして、浸出工程S1において浸出槽11で生成された第1のスラリーを中和槽12に移動させてから、中和剤供給デバイス60より第1のスラリーに中和剤を添加して、沈殿工程S2を行うとよい。
反応槽10が浸出槽11と中和槽12とを備える場合、リサイクルデバイス70を用いて、洗浄後液を浸出槽11と中和槽12との何れか、又は両方に供給し、洗浄後液をリサイクルすることが好ましい。
本実施形態のリチウムの回収装置100は、図2に示すとおり、リチウム含有原料供給デバイス40、酸性溶液供給デバイス50、及び中和剤供給デバイス60を備える反応槽10、固液分離槽20、洗浄槽30、並びにリサイクルデバイス70を少なくとも有する。
なお、反応槽10は、1つの槽であっても、浸出槽11と中和槽12との2つの槽を備える槽であってもよい。
本実施形態の反応槽10(浸出槽11)は、硫酸、塩酸、及び硝酸からなる群より選択される1種以上の無機酸を用いて、リチウム含有原料からリチウムを浸出させることが出来る反応槽であればよい。また、本実施形態の反応槽10(中和槽12)は、リチウム浸出液を含む第1のスラリーを中和することができる反応槽であればよい。固液分離槽20は、中和後の第2のスラリーを固液分離する分離装置、例えば、濾過装置であればよい。洗浄槽30は表面にリチウムが付着している固相の表面を洗浄し、リチウムを洗浄液に移行できる構成を有していればよい。リサイクルデバイス70は、リチウムを含有する洗浄後液を反応槽に供給する、洗浄後液送液デバイスを有するものであればよい。
リチウムイオン電池セルを500℃で加熱して熱分解した。この焼成物を破砕、分級して粒径が0.5mm以下のリチウムイオン電池焼成物(ブラックマス)を回収した。
得られたブラックマスの組成を表1に示す。ブラックマスの組成は、ブラックマスを酸溶解したのち、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP-AES)にて測定した。
ブラックマスと、硫酸及び水を含有する酸性溶液と、を反応槽10に供給し、pH:1.8~1.9、温度:25℃の条件で、反応槽10で60分攪拌させて、酸性溶液中にブラックマス中のリチウムを浸出させ、第1のスラリーを得た(浸出工程S1)。このとき、ブラックマス(固体)と酸性溶液(液体)との固液比(固体:液体)は1:7とした。
pHは、リチウム浸出中のpHをpHメーター(東亜ディーケーケー製)で測定して得たものである。
なお、洗浄残渣におけるリチウム濃度は、洗浄残渣を水で洗浄後、その洗浄液のリチウム濃度をICP(サーモフィッシャー製iCAP7600Duo)を用いて測定して求めた。洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度はICP(サーモフィッシャー製iCAP7600Duo)を用いて測定した。
ブラックマスと、硫酸及びリチウム含有液を含有する酸性溶液と、を反応槽10に供給し、pH:1.8~1.9、温度:25℃の条件で、反応槽10で酸性溶液中にブラックマス中のリチウムを浸出させ、第1のスラリーを得た(浸出工程S1)。このとき、ブラックマス(固体)と酸性溶液(液体)との固液比(固体:液体)は1:7とした。
リチウム含有液におけるリチウム濃度は7g/Lとした。これは、試験例1で得られる第1の洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度と同じ濃度である。このようなリチウム含有液を試験例1で使用した水の代わりに酸性溶液に使用することで、本発明のリサイクル工程を模擬した。
なお、洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた第2の洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度は7.0g/Lであった。
実施例1の浸出工程S1におけるブラックマス(固体)と酸性溶液(液体)との固液比(固体:液体)を1:3と変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で、浸出工程S1、沈殿工程S2、固液分離工程S3、洗浄工程S4を行った。
洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた洗浄残渣におけるリチウム濃度は0.8質量%であった。結果を表2に示す。
なお、洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた第2の洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度は4.7g/Lであった。
実施例1の浸出工程S1におけるブラックマス(固体)と酸性溶液(液体)との固液比(固体:液体)を1:3とし、洗浄工程S4における固液比(固相:洗浄液)を質量比で1:5と変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で、浸出工程S1、沈殿工程S2、固液分離工程S3、洗浄工程S4を行った。
洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた洗浄残渣におけるリチウム濃度は0.4質量%であった。結果を表2に示す。
なお、洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた第2の洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度は3.0g/Lであった。
実施例1の洗浄工程S4における固液比(固相:洗浄液)を質量比で1:9と変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で、浸出工程S1、沈殿工程S2、固液分離工程S3、洗浄工程S4を行った。
洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた洗浄残渣におけるリチウム濃度は0.3質量%であった。結果を表2に示す。
なお、洗浄工程S4の後に洗浄後スラリーを固液分離して得られた第2の洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度は1.6g/Lであった。
実施例1と同じ条件で、浸出工程S1、沈殿工程S2、固液分離工程S3を行った。
固液分離工程S3で得られた、固相におけるリチウム含有量は、2.0質量%であった。結果を表3に示す。
すなわち、固液分離工程S3で得られる固相を洗浄する洗浄工程S4と、洗浄後液をリサイクルするリサイクル工程S5が実施されない場合、固液分離工程後に、固相中により多くのリチウムが残存するため、常にリチウムのロスが生じ、リチウムの回収率が低下することが確認された。
実施例2においては、浸出工程S1における固液比が1:3以下であれば、浸出工程のハンドリングに問題が無く、洗浄後液のリサイクルを繰り返し行うことが可能であることが示された。
実施例1、3、及び4では、洗浄工程S4における洗浄液の量を増加させることで、第2の洗浄後液におけるリチウム濃度が減少していることが確認された。すなわち、洗浄工程S4における洗浄液の量を増加させると、より効果的に固相の表面に付着しているリチウムを洗浄液に移行させて、リサイクル工程S5で使用するとともに、本発明のリチウムの回収装置100の系外に排出されるリチウムの濃度を低減することができることが示された。
10 反応槽
11 浸出槽
12 中和槽
20 固液分離槽
30 洗浄槽
40 リチウム含有原料供給デバイス
50 酸性溶液供給デバイス
60 中和剤供給デバイス
70 リサイクルデバイス
Claims (8)
- リチウム含有原料に無機酸を含有する酸性溶液を加える浸出工程と、
前記浸出工程で得た第1のスラリーを中和して、沈殿物を得る沈殿工程と、
前記沈殿工程で得た第2のスラリーを固液分離する固液分離工程と、
前記固液分離工程で得られた固相を洗浄液で洗浄する洗浄工程と、
前記洗浄工程で得られた洗浄後液を、前記浸出工程及び前記沈殿工程の何れか又は両方で再利用するリサイクル工程と、を有するリチウムの回収方法。 - 前記リチウム含有原料が、リチウムイオン電池を400℃~600℃で焼成して得た熱分解物を、分級して得た粒度が1mm以下のリチウムイオン電池焼成物である、請求項1に記載のリチウムの回収方法。
- 前記沈殿物がコバルト、ニッケル、及びマンガンから選択される少なくとも1種の金属を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムの回収方法。
- 前記浸出工程において、固体成分である前記リチウム含有原料と、液体成分である前記酸性溶液と固液比(固体:液体)が質量比で1:3~1:7である、請求項1に記載のリチウムの回収方法。
- 前記洗浄工程において、前記固相と前記洗浄液との固液比(固相:洗浄液)が質量比で1:2~1:9である、請求項1に記載のリチウムの回収方法。
- 前記固液分離工程で得られた液相を、前記浸出工程で供給する、請求項1に記載のリチウムの回収方法。
- リチウム含有原料供給デバイスと、酸性溶液供給デバイスと、中和剤供給デバイスと、を備える反応槽と、
スラリーを固液分離する固液分離槽と、
前記固液分離槽から回収される固相を洗浄する洗浄槽と、
前記洗浄槽から回収される洗浄後液を、前記反応槽に供給するリサイクルデバイスと、を備えるリチウムの回収装置。 - 前記反応槽が、前記リチウム含有原料供給デバイス及び前記酸性溶液供給デバイスを備える浸出槽と、前記中和剤供給デバイスを備える中和槽と、を備える請求項7に記載のリチウムの回収装置。
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| JP2023109269A (ja) | 2022-01-27 | 2023-08-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置、半導体装置の製造方法および電力変換装置 |
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