WO2024255852A1 - 满液型换热器和包含其的制冷机组 - Google Patents

满液型换热器和包含其的制冷机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255852A1
WO2024255852A1 PCT/CN2024/099245 CN2024099245W WO2024255852A1 WO 2024255852 A1 WO2024255852 A1 WO 2024255852A1 CN 2024099245 W CN2024099245 W CN 2024099245W WO 2024255852 A1 WO2024255852 A1 WO 2024255852A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
medium
heat exchanger
shell
enclosure
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/099245
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈瑞念
臧云良
诸琛
范美贵
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
York Wuxi Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
York Wuxi Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Fire and Security GmbH, York Wuxi Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Co Ltd filed Critical Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
Priority to EP24822800.9A priority Critical patent/EP4729857A1/en
Publication of WO2024255852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255852A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/024—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
    • F25B2339/0242—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger having tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/046—Condensers with refrigerant heat exchange tubes positioned inside or around a vessel containing water or pcm to cool the refrigerant gas

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a flooded heat exchanger and a refrigeration unit including the same.
  • a full-liquid heat exchanger is provided with a heat exchange tube, in which a first medium flows, and outside the heat exchange tube is used to accommodate a second medium.
  • the heat exchange tube needs to be immersed below the liquid surface of the second medium so that the first medium in the heat exchange tube can exchange heat with the second medium through the tube wall of the heat exchange tube.
  • the full-liquid heat exchanger is used in some oscillating environments, such as marine environments, the oscillating environment will cause the liquid level of the second medium to fluctuate, and it is difficult to ensure that the heat exchange tube is completely immersed, thereby affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the second medium in the full-liquid heat exchanger when used in a marine refrigeration unit, the second medium in the full-liquid heat exchanger will flow unevenly along the length and width of the full-liquid heat exchanger, and oscillate in the height direction due to the bumps and shakes during the travel of the ship. Such flow and oscillation will cause the second medium to be unevenly distributed in the full-liquid heat exchanger, and then cause a part of the heat exchange tube to be exposed above the liquid surface of the second medium, thereby reducing the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the present application provides a full-liquid heat exchanger, comprising: a shell having a first medium inlet, a first medium outlet, a second medium inlet, and a second medium outlet, the shell defining a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity and the second cavity being in fluid communication with the second medium inlet and the second medium outlet, wherein the first cavity is used to accommodate the second medium, the first cavity is arranged to be located below a liquid surface formed by the second medium, and the second cavity is arranged to be located above a liquid surface formed by the second medium; a plurality of heat exchange tubes, the heat exchange tubes being arranged in the shell along a length direction of the shell, the heat exchange tubes being arranged in the first cavity, wherein The two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the first medium inlet and the first medium outlet fluid, so that the heat exchange tube is used to accommodate the first medium; a plurality of flow guide units are arranged in the shell along the length direction of the shell; each of the flow guide units includes:
  • each of the flow guide units also includes: a pressure wave structure, which is arranged on the top side of at least a portion of the at least one enclosure, and the pressure wave structure is arranged to at least partially restrict the flow of the second medium in the height direction of the full-liquid heat exchanger.
  • the at least one enclosure includes a top plate, a pair of wing plates and a pair of side plates, the pair of side plates are connected to opposite sides of the top plate, and the pair of wing plates are connected between the outer sides of the side plates and the side walls of the shell, so that a defined area for accommodating the second medium can be formed between the enclosures of adjacent wave-breaking structures or between the shell and the enclosures of the wave-breaking structure; a plurality of holes are provided on the top plate and the wing plates for the heat exchange tubes to pass through.
  • the plurality of guide units are arranged in a plurality of layers at the height of the shell, wherein the guide units in the odd-numbered layers are staggered with the guide units in the even-numbered layers.
  • the wave-blocking structure of each of the guide units includes a front connecting portion and a rear connecting portion, the front connecting portion being located on the side plate near the connection between the side plate and the top plate, and the rear connecting portion being located on the side plate near the connection between the side plate and the wing plate; wherein the front connecting portion of each guide unit is combined with or suspended in the air with the rear connecting portion of an adjacent guide unit in an adjacent layer, and its rear connecting portion is combined with or suspended in the air with the front connecting portion of an adjacent guide unit in an adjacent layer, and this is repeated to form a staggered layer structure.
  • the pressure wave structure is formed integrally with the wave-blocking structure or is welded to the wave-blocking structure.
  • the pressure wave structure includes a pressure plate, the lower surface of which is connected to the top of the enclosure and extends to the inner and outer sides of the corresponding enclosure to block the flow of the second medium in the defined area in the height direction.
  • the pressure wave structure includes a pressure plate, the side surfaces of which are connected to both sides of the top of the enclosure and extend from one side to the other side of the corresponding enclosure to block the flow of the second medium in the defined area in the height direction.
  • the pressure plate is a planar structure, an arc structure, a wavy structure or a broken line structure.
  • the flow guide unit of the lowest layer among the plurality of layers is provided at its bottom with a flow groove for allowing the second medium to flow.
  • the present application further provides a refrigeration unit, comprising: a full liquid heat exchanger as described in any one of the first aspects.
  • the refrigeration unit includes an evaporator, an absorber, a condenser, a heat exchanger, a solution circulation pump and a generator, wherein the generator includes the flooded heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a refrigeration unit including a flooded heat exchanger according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flooded heat exchanger in FIG. 1 observed from an angle.
  • FIG. 2B is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flooded heat exchanger in FIG. 1 observed from another angle.
  • FIG. 3A is a top view of the flooded heat exchanger shown in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG3B is a cross-sectional view of the flooded heat exchanger shown in FIG2A taken along the cutting line A-A in FIG3A.
  • FIG3C is a cross-sectional view of the flooded heat exchanger shown in FIG2A taken along the section line B-B in FIG3A.
  • FIG3D is a cross-sectional view of the flooded heat exchanger shown in FIG2A taken along the cutting line C-C in FIG3A.
  • FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flow guide unit and the heat exchange tubes in the flooded heat exchanger in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 5A is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a plurality of guide units in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 5B is a side view of a plurality of guide units in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of a single air guide unit in FIG. 5A .
  • FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the single air guide unit in FIG. 5A .
  • FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the single air guide unit in FIG. 5A .
  • FIG1 is a system diagram of a refrigeration unit 100 including a full-liquid heat exchanger 210 of the present invention.
  • the refrigeration unit 100 includes an evaporator 102, an absorber 103, a condenser 104, and a generator 101.
  • the concentration change of lithium bromide aqueous solution and the phase change of water are used for external refrigeration.
  • the lithium bromide concentrated solution obtains a lithium bromide dilute solution after absorbing the refrigerant water vapor in the absorber 103, and releases heat to the cooling water from the cooling water inlet 1042.
  • the lithium bromide dilute solution enters the heat exchanger 105 through the solution circulation pump 106, and enters the generator 101 after absorbing heat in the heat exchanger 105.
  • the lithium bromide dilute solution absorbs the heat of the first medium from the first medium inlet 1011 in the generator 101, so that the water in the lithium bromide dilute solution is evaporated to obtain a lithium bromide concentrated solution.
  • the lithium bromide concentrated solution is discharged from the generator 101 to the heat exchanger 105, and returns to the absorber 103 after releasing heat in the heat exchanger 105, thereby completing the circulation of the lithium bromide solution.
  • the lithium bromide dilute solution is heated by the driving heat source water and evaporates water vapor; the evaporated water vapor first enters the condenser 104, releases heat to the refrigerant from the absorber 103 in the condenser 104 and condenses into liquid water. Since the internal pressure of the condenser 104 is higher than the internal pressure of the evaporator 102, the liquid water discharged from the condenser 104 enters the bottom of the evaporator 102 after flashing, and then is transported to the top of the evaporator 102 by the refrigerant pump 107. After being distributed by the drip box 1021, it absorbs the heat of the chilled water from the chilled water inlet 1043.
  • the liquid refrigerant water evaporates into refrigerant water vapor and enters the absorber 103.
  • the refrigerant water vapor is absorbed by the lithium bromide concentrated solution distributed by the spray box 1031 of the absorber 103 to obtain a lithium bromide dilute solution.
  • the lithium bromide dilute solution enters the generator 101 as described above and evaporates to obtain water vapor. The circulation of the refrigerant water is thus completed.
  • the chilled water inlet 1043 and the chilled water outlet 1044 are fluidically connected, so that the chilled water can flow through the heat exchange tubes in the evaporator 102, provide heat to the refrigerant water in the evaporator 102, and thus provide cold energy to the outside, that is, refrigerate the outside.
  • the first medium inlet 1011 and the first medium outlet 1012 are used to communicate with the first medium fluid.
  • the first medium usually has a higher temperature, and the first medium can enter the heat exchange tube in the generator 101 to provide heat to the lithium bromide solution in the generator 101.
  • the first medium can also be hot water, water vapor or flue gas.
  • the cooling water inlet 1042 and the cooling water outlet 1041 are used to communicate with the cooling water fluid.
  • the cooling water usually has a relatively low temperature to provide cooling capacity to the lithium bromide solution in the absorber 103 and the refrigerant water in the condenser 104.
  • the cooling water first enters the heat exchange tube in the absorber 103 from the cooling water inlet 1042, and the cooling water absorbs the heat released when the lithium bromide concentrated solution absorbs the refrigerant water vapor through the heat exchange tube and heats up, then enters the heat exchange tube in the condenser 104 to condense the refrigerant water vapor in the condenser 104, and finally discharges the condenser 104 through the cooling water outlet 1041.
  • the generator 101 includes a full-liquid heat exchanger 210.
  • the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 includes two working media, the first medium of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 is driving heat source water, and the second medium is lithium bromide solution.
  • a heat exchange tube is provided in the heat exchange tube, which is in fluid communication with the first medium inlet 1011 and the first medium outlet 1012 of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210, and the driving heat source water flows through the inside of the heat exchange tube.
  • the heat exchange tube is immersed in the dilute lithium bromide solution in the full-liquid heat exchanger 210, and the dilute lithium bromide solution exchanges heat with the driving heat source water in the heat exchange tube through the tube wall of the heat exchange tube, so that the dilute lithium bromide solution evaporates into a concentrated lithium bromide solution, and refrigerant water vapor is generated at the same time, and the concentrated lithium bromide solution enters the heat exchanger 105 through the second medium outlet 1014.
  • full-liquid heat exchanger 210 is used in a marine lithium bromide refrigeration unit, it should be understood that the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 is not limited to marine applications, but can also be used in refrigeration units in other applications, and is particularly suitable for applications that may cause bumps or shakes, such as high-altitude iron towers and refrigeration applications in airplanes.
  • the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 of the present application is not limited to lithium bromide refrigeration units, but can also be used in other suitable units, and only needs to use a full-liquid heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B show three-dimensional structural diagrams of a full-liquid heat exchanger 210 according to the present invention observed from two different angles, which are used to illustrate the external structure of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210, wherein FIG. 2A shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 viewed from the front to the back, and FIG. 2B shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 viewed from the back to the front. As shown in FIG. 2A and FIG.
  • the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 includes a shell 201, and the shell 201 has a first medium inlet 1011, a first medium outlet 1012, a second medium inlet 1013, a second medium outlet 1014, a steam outlet 251, and a second medium exhaust device 252 that can be used selectively.
  • a cavity 320 is defined in the shell 201, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes 311 are arranged in the cavity 320 (see FIG. 3B).
  • the first medium inlet 1011 and the first medium outlet 1012 are in fluid communication with the heat exchange tubes 311 in the shell 201 so that the first medium flows through each heat exchange tube 311.
  • the first medium is used as a heat source to provide heat, and it can be a liquid or a gaseous fluid.
  • the second medium inlet 1013 and the second medium outlet 1014 are in fluid communication with the cavity 320 in the housing 201 so that the second medium enters/leaves the cavity 320.
  • the full liquid type heat exchanger 210 is used as a generator, so the first medium is the driving heat source water, and the second medium is a lithium bromide solution.
  • the lithium bromide dilute solution enters the cavity 320 from the second medium inlet 1013, and heat exchanges with the first medium in each heat exchange tube 311 in the cavity 320, so that the water in the lithium bromide dilute solution evaporates into water vapor, and the lithium bromide dilute solution is converted into a lithium bromide concentrated solution.
  • the steam outlet 251 is connected to the condenser 104 shown in Figure 1 to transport the generated water vapor to the condenser 104.
  • the shell 201 is substantially in the shape of a rectangular box, and a pair of tube sheets 202 and 203 are respectively provided on opposite sides in the length direction thereof, and tube holes 205 and 206 are respectively provided on the pair of tube sheets 202 and 203, and both ends of the heat exchange tube 311 respectively pass through the tube holes 205 and 206 on the pair of tube sheets 202 and 203 and are supported by the tube sheets 202 and 203, and the first A medium can flow into the heat exchange tube 311 from one end and flow out from the other end of the heat exchange tube 311 , so that one end of the heat exchange tube 311 constitutes a first medium inlet 1011 and the other end of the heat exchange tube 311 constitutes a first medium outlet 1012 .
  • a box-shaped valve body 204 protruding outward is provided on one side in the width direction of the housing 201, and the box-shaped valve body 204 is located at the right end of the housing 201.
  • the bottom of the box-shaped valve body 204 is provided with a second medium inlet 1013 and a second medium outlet 1014 in fluid communication with the cavity 320, and the second medium can enter the cavity 320 from the second medium inlet 1013, and can flow out of the cavity 320 from the second medium outlet 1014.
  • the top of the right side of the shell 201 protrudes upward to divide the shell 201 into a first shell 281 and a second shell 282 in the length direction thereof, wherein the first shell 281 is located on the left side of the second shell 282, and the height of the first shell 281 is lower than the height of the second shell 282.
  • Several heat exchange tubes 311 are arranged in the shell 201 along the same length direction. And the heights of the several heat exchange tubes 311 are limited within the height range of the first shell 281.
  • the steam outlet 251 is arranged at the top of the second shell 282 to discharge steam, for example, to the condenser 104.
  • the height of the first shell 281 and the height of the second shell 282 are set according to the arrangement height of the heat exchange tubes 311, so that space for steam flow outside the heat exchange tubes 311 can be vacated in the second shell 282, and a second medium for immersing the heat exchange tubes 311 can be arranged within the height range of the first shell 281.
  • the shell 201 of this embodiment can facilitate steam generation and discharge.
  • the shell 201 of this embodiment saves the amount of the second medium for immersing the heat exchange tube 311, and facilitates the second medium to immerse the heat exchange tube 311.
  • the steam outlet 251 can be connected to the condenser 104 through a pipeline to discharge the refrigerant water vapor generated by the flooded heat exchanger 210 from the steam outlet 251 to the condenser 104.
  • the optional second medium draining device 252 is disposed at the bottom of the housing 201.
  • the second medium draining device 252 is a valve that can be opened or closed. During the operation of the generator, the second medium draining device 252 is generally in a closed state. If the second medium in the chamber 320 needs to be drained after the generator stops working, the second medium draining device 252 can be opened to drain the second medium in the chamber 320.
  • Figures 2A and 2B show the specific configuration and positions of the first medium inlet 1011, the first medium outlet 1012, the second medium inlet 1013, the second medium outlet 1014, the steam outlet 251 and the optionally usable second medium exhaust device 252, these configurations and positions are by no means restrictive, and in other embodiments, their configurations and positions may be changed accordingly.
  • FIG3A to FIG3D show the internal structure of the full-liquid heat exchanger, wherein FIG3A is a top view of the full-liquid heat exchanger, FIG3B is a cross-sectional view of the full-liquid heat exchanger shown in FIG2A along the section line A-A in FIG3A, FIG3C is a cross-sectional view of the full-liquid heat exchanger shown in FIG2A along the section line B-B in FIG3A, and FIG3D is a cross-sectional view of the full-liquid heat exchanger shown in FIG2A along the section line C-C in FIG3A.
  • FIG3B and FIG3C are used to more clearly illustrate the connection relationship between the second medium inlet 1013, the second medium outlet 1014 and the second medium internal pipeline 353.
  • the second medium inlet 1013 is in fluid communication with the second medium internal pipeline 353 through the pipe joint 352, and the second medium internal pipeline 353 is in fluid communication with the cavity 320, so that the second medium inlet 1013 is in fluid communication with the cavity 320.
  • the box-shaped valve body 204 has a hollow structure inside, and the hollow structure is in fluid communication with the chamber 320 in the housing 201.
  • a pipe joint 352 is provided inside the box-shaped valve body 204, and the pipe joint 352 is roughly in the shape of a hollow right-angle elbow. In the direction shown in FIG.
  • the bottom end of the pipe joint 352 in the vertical direction is connected to the second medium inlet 1013, and the right end of the pipe joint 352 in the horizontal direction is connected to the second medium internal pipeline 353.
  • the second medium outlet 1014 is directly connected to the bottom end of the box-shaped valve body 204 and is in fluid communication with the inside of the box-shaped valve body 204.
  • the second medium internal pipeline 353 is in the shape of a hollow long tube, which is arranged in the housing 320 of the housing 201, one end of which is connected to the pipe joint 352, and the other end is open toward the housing 320.
  • the left end of the second medium internal pipeline 353 is connected to the pipe joint 352, and the right end thereof is open toward the housing 320, so as to connect the second medium internal pipeline 353 with the housing 320 fluid.
  • the structure of the second medium internal pipeline 353 is not limited thereto. In the direction shown in FIG. 3B, the second medium internal pipeline 353 extends horizontally from the left end of the pipe joint 352 to the right end of the housing 201.
  • the second medium can enter the pipe joint 352 from the second medium inlet 1013, and then be discharged into the cavity 320 along the second medium internal pipeline 353. After the second medium accumulates to a certain height, it immerses several heat exchange tubes 311 and exchanges heat with the first medium inside the heat exchange tubes 311. After the heat exchange is completed, the second medium leaves the cavity 320 through the second medium outlet 1014.
  • the present embodiment includes a pipe joint 352 connected to the second medium inlet 1013 and a second medium internal pipeline 353, in other embodiments, the pipe joint 352 may be provided in plurality, or have a plurality of outlets, and the corresponding second medium internal pipeline 353 may also be provided in plurality.
  • the housing 201 defines a cavity 320, and the cavity 320 includes a first cavity 325 located at the bottom and a second cavity 326 located at the top.
  • the first cavity 325 and the second cavity 326 do not have a fixed interface, but are formed by the second medium.
  • the first cavity 325 is located below the liquid surface 327 of the second medium and is used to accommodate the second medium; the second cavity 326 is located above the liquid surface 327 of the second medium and is used to accommodate water vapor.
  • the heat exchange tube 311 is disposed in the first cavity 325 and passes through a plurality of flow guide units 342, which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the shell 201 and connected to the inner wall of the shell 201.
  • the plurality of flow guide units 342 can support the heat exchange tube 311 in the length direction and restrict the flow of the second medium in the first cavity 325.
  • the plurality of flow guide units 342 are each independently connected to the inner wall of the shell 201, and in other embodiments, the plurality of flow guide units can also be constructed as an integral part to be integrally connected to the inner wall of the shell 201.
  • each flow guide unit includes a wave-blocking structure and a pressure wave structure
  • the wave-blocking structure is used to at least partially limit the flow of the second medium in the first cavity 325 in the length direction and the width direction of the full liquid heat exchanger 210.
  • the pressure wave structure is used to at least partially limit the flow of the second medium in the first cavity 325 in the height direction of the full liquid heat exchanger 210.
  • the environmental oscillation is not obvious, or the height of the shell is limited, it may only include a wave-blocking structure without a pressure wave structure, and the flow guide unit may not be completely immersed in the second medium.
  • the wave-blocking structure includes at least one enclosure 328, and the heat exchange tube 311 passes through at least a portion of at least one enclosure 328.
  • the wave-blocking structure includes several enclosures 328, and each enclosure 328 includes a portion extending along the length direction of the shell 201 and a portion extending along the width direction of the shell 201.
  • the heat exchange tube 311 passes through the portion of the several enclosures 328 extending along the width direction of the shell 201.
  • the outermost edges of the several enclosures 328 in the width direction of the shell 201 are connected to the inner side of a pair of side walls 322 of the shell 201, so that each guide unit 342 is fixedly connected to the shell 201.
  • the outermost edges of the several enclosures 328 in the width direction of the shell 201 are connected to the inner side of a pair of side walls 322 of the shell 201 by welding.
  • the guide unit may also be connected to the shell 201 in other ways; the guide unit may also be connected to other parts of the shell 201, for example, the enclosure 328 of the guide unit is connected to the bottom wall 323 of the shell 201.
  • the second medium contained in the first cavity 325 can be confined between the front wall of the shell 201 and the enclosure 328 of each guide unit 342, between the rear wall of the shell 201 and the enclosure 328 of each guide unit 342, or between the enclosures 328 of adjacent guide units 342.
  • the second medium contained in the first cavity 325 can be confined between a pair of side walls 322 of the shell 201. Even if the unit is in an oscillation ring When used in an environment, the full-liquid heat exchanger 210 can shake in the length or width direction, and the second medium contained in the first cavity 325 can also be maintained between the shell 201 and the enclosure 328 of each guide unit 342, so as to at least partially limit the flow of the second medium in the length and width directions of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210.
  • the enclosure 328 of the bottommost flow guide unit is recessed upward relative to the bottom wall 323 of the housing 201 to form a flow groove 324 for the second medium to flow through, and the flow groove 324 can allow the second medium to flow smoothly at least at the bottom of the first cavity 325.
  • the various limited areas are fluidly connected to each other. This will help the second medium to form a liquid surface 327 when it flows into the first cavity 325 or to be discharged from the first cavity 325 as soon as possible.
  • FIG4 shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of a plurality of flow guide units 342 and a heat exchange tube 311.
  • a plurality of flow guide units 342 are arranged in layers.
  • a plurality of flow guide units 342 are arranged in three layers.
  • a plurality of flow guide units 342 may also be arranged in one layer, two layers or more layers.
  • a flow groove 324 is arranged at the bottom of each flow guide unit 342 of the lowest layer.
  • the layered arrangement of the flow guide units 342 helps to keep the second medium in a smaller area.
  • the flow guide units 342 in each layer are arranged side by side in parallel in the length direction, and the flow guide units 342 in adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • Each heat exchange tube 311 passes through each flow guide unit 342 in a layer in sequence, so that a section of each heat exchange tube 311 in the length direction is located in a limited area of the flow guide unit 342 between the shell 201 and the enclosure 328 of a flow guide unit 342 and between several enclosures 328 in some cases.
  • FIG. 5A and 5B show the positional relationship of the plurality of air guide units 342.
  • FIG. 5A shows a three-dimensional structure of the layered arrangement of the plurality of air guide units 342
  • FIG. 5B shows a side view of the plurality of air guide units 342 shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the plurality of air guide units 342 are arranged in three layers at the height of the housing 201, wherein the air guide units 342 in the odd-numbered layers are staggered with the air guide units 342 in the even-numbered layers.
  • each air guide unit 342 includes a front connecting portion 463 and a rear connecting portion 464 in the length direction.
  • each air guide unit 342 is approximately The guide unit 342 has a ".-shaped" structure, and the middle part of the guide unit 342 in the width direction protrudes forward relative to the two sides.
  • the front connection part 463 is located on the front side of the middle part of the guide unit 342 in the width direction, and the rear connection part 464 is located on the rear side of the middle part of the guide unit 342 in the width direction.
  • the front connection part 463 is formed at the corner part of the front side, and the rear connection part 464 is formed at the corner part of the rear side.
  • the guide units 342 of two adjacent layers are not completely staggered, but partially overlapped to facilitate the connection between the guide units 342.
  • the front connection part 463 of each guide unit 342 overlaps with the rear connection part 464 of the adjacent guide unit 342 in the adjacent layer to combine or be suspended, and its rear connection part 464 overlaps with the front connection part 463 of the adjacent guide unit 342 in the adjacent layer to combine or be suspended, and this is repeated to form a staggered arrangement.
  • the combination of the front side connection part 463 and the rear side connection part 464 is achieved by welding. At the front side connection part 463 and the rear side connection part 464 at the corner, the combination by welding can make the combination of each guide unit 342 more stable when the welding area of each guide unit 342 is limited.
  • the reason for the suspended setting is due to the aforementioned staggered setting, and the front side connection part 463 or the rear side connection part 464 of the guide unit 342 located at the front and the back is suspended.
  • the front side connection part 463 of the frontmost guide unit 342 is suspended, and among the guide units 342 of the first and third layers, the rear side connection part 464 of the back guide unit 342 is suspended.
  • Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the air guide unit in Fig. 5A, which is used to illustrate the specific structure of the air guide unit 342.
  • several enclosures 328 of the air guide unit 342 include a top plate 3021, a pair of wing plates 3023 and a pair of side plates 646.
  • the top plate 3021 is located at the front side of the air guide unit 342 and extends in the width direction.
  • a pair of side plates 646 are connected in parallel to the opposite sides of the top plate 3021 and extend in the length direction.
  • a pair of wing plates 3023 are connected side by side between the outer side of the corresponding side plate 646 and the side wall 322 of the housing 201, and extend in a direction parallel to the top plate 3021.
  • a pair of side plates 646 are formed by extending backward along the length direction from the two side edges of the top plate 3021
  • a pair of wing plates 3023 are formed by extending from the rear side edges of the corresponding side plates 646 to both sides along the width direction. Therefore, the corners at the connection between the top plate 3021 and the pair of side plates 646 are roughly right-angled, and the corners at the connection between the side plates 646 and the wing plates 3023 are roughly right-angled. Shape structure.
  • each wing plate 3023 is connected to the side wall 322 of the shell 201 by welding.
  • a plurality of holes 644 are provided on the top plate 3021 and the wing plate 3023 for the heat exchange tube 311 to pass through.
  • the enclosure 328 is not limited to this structure.
  • the air guide unit 342 can also be designed to include only a top plate and a pair of side plates, the pair of side plates extend obliquely from the top plate to the side wall of the shell, the top plate and the side plates have holes for the heat exchange tube to pass through, and the pair of side plates are connected to the side wall of the shell, etc., depending on the situation.
  • the front side connection part 463 is located on the top edge and bottom edge of the side plate 646 near the connection between the side plate 646 and the top plate 3021
  • the rear side connection part 464 is located on the top edge and bottom edge of the side plate 646 near the connection between the side plate 646 and the wing plate 3023.
  • the term “close” here means that the front connecting portion 463 and the rear connecting portion 464 are located on one side of the corresponding connecting portion of the side plate 646 and have a certain length so as to have a certain overlap range when combined with the adjacent connecting portion. Therefore, the structure of the enclosure 328 of the air guide unit 342 of the present application can facilitate the welding process.
  • each guide unit 342 further includes a pressure wave structure, which is disposed on the top side of at least one enclosure 328 of each guide unit 342 and extends from the top edge of the corresponding enclosure 328 at an angle inclined to the height direction.
  • the pressure wave structure and the wave-blocking structure are extended outward to block the flow of the second medium confined within the limited area in the height direction, thereby at least partially limiting the flow of the second medium in the height direction of the full-liquid heat exchanger 210.
  • the pressure wave structure and the wave-blocking structure can be formed integrally, or the pressure wave structure and the wave-blocking structure can be fixedly connected together by welding or the like.
  • the pressure wave structure includes several pressing plates 643.
  • Several pressing plates 643 are arranged on the top of all the enclosures 328 including the top plate 3021, a pair of side plates 646 and a pair of wing plates 3023.
  • several pressing plates 643 can also be arranged only on the top of one or more enclosures in the plurality of enclosures 328 as required.
  • each pressing plate 643 is a planar structure extending in the horizontal direction, that is, each pressing plate 643 is perpendicular to the height direction.
  • the lower surface of the pressing plate 643 is connected to the middle position of the top surface of the corresponding enclosure 328 to make way for the corner part of the connection between the top plate 3021, a pair of side plates 646 and a pair of wing plates 3023, for example, the front side connecting part 463 and the rear side connecting part 464 are vacated on the pair of side plates 646.
  • the pressing plate 643 extends horizontally to the inner and outer sides of the corresponding enclosure 328 by a certain width. The width is set to be able to block the flow of the second medium in the defined area in the height direction, but will not affect the flow of steam.
  • each guide unit 342 includes a pressure wave structure, and the guide units 342 arranged in multiple layers can have a better pressure wave effect than the guide units 342 arranged in a single layer, so that the second medium splashes at a lower height and the amount of the splashed second medium is less. Even if the unit is used in an oscillating environment, so that the full liquid heat exchanger 210 shakes in the height direction, the second medium in the limited area can be maintained between the shell 201 and the enclosure 328 of each guide unit 342 to limit the flow of the second medium in the height direction.
  • FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of a second embodiment of the guide unit.
  • the structure of the guide unit 742 is substantially the same as the structure of the guide unit 342 in FIG. 6 , except that the pressure wave structure in the guide unit 742 is different from the pressure wave structure of the guide unit 342.
  • the pressure wave structure includes several pressing plates 743.
  • Several pressing plates 743 are arranged on the top of all the enclosures 328.
  • several pressing plates 743 can also be arranged only at the middle position of the top of one or more enclosures in the plurality of enclosures 328 according to the situation, so as to make room for the corner part of the connection of the enclosure 328.
  • FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of a second embodiment of the guide unit.
  • each pressing plate 743 is a broken line structure.
  • the pressing plate 743 no longer extends in the horizontal direction, but extends slightly inclined to the horizontal plane to form a broken line shape.
  • the pressing plate 743 is no longer connected to the top surface of each enclosure 328, but extends from the side surface of the top of each enclosure 328 to the other side opposite to form. Therefore, the pressure plate 743 can also block the flow of the second medium in the defined area in the height direction.
  • FIG8 shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third embodiment of the guide unit.
  • the structure of the guide unit 842 is substantially the same as that of the guide unit 742, except that the shape of the pressure plate 843 in the guide unit 842 is similar to that of the guide unit 742.
  • each pressing plate 843 is an arc-shaped structure with a raised middle portion to block the flow of the second medium in the defined area in the height direction.
  • the shape of the pressure plate is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, as long as it can be conveniently connected to the top of the enclosure 328 and extend roughly to the inner and outer sides from the top of the enclosure 328.
  • the pressure plate may also be a wavy structure.
  • the second medium in the full-liquid heat exchanger can be confined within a limited smaller area surrounded by the flow guide unit and the shell, thereby limiting the flow of the second medium in the length direction and width direction of the full-liquid heat exchanger.
  • a pressure wave structure is also provided in the full-liquid heat exchanger of the present application, which can limit the second medium in the full-liquid heat exchanger within a certain height range, thereby limiting the flow of the second medium in the height direction of the full-liquid heat exchanger.
  • the unit using the full-liquid heat exchanger of the present application can keep the second medium immersed in each heat exchange tube even when used in an oscillating environment such as a ship, so that the second medium will not be unevenly distributed in the full-liquid heat exchanger and a part of the heat exchange tube will not be exposed above the second medium liquid level, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

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Abstract

一种满液型换热器(210)，包括：壳体(201)，具有第一介质入口(1011)、第一介质出口(1012)、第二介质入口(1013)、第二介质出口(1014)，壳体(201)限定第一容腔(325)和第二容腔(326)，其与第二介质入口(1013)和第二介质出口(1014)流体连通，第一容腔(325)用于容纳第二介质，第一容腔(325)位于第二介质的液面(327)之下，第二容腔(326)位于第二介质的液面(327)之上；多个换热管(311)，其沿壳体(201)的长度方向设置在壳体(201)内，换热管(311)被设置在第一容腔(325)内，换热管(311)的两端分别与第一介质入口(1011)和第一介质出口(1012)流体连通；设置在所述壳体(201)中沿壳体(201)的长度方向设置的多个导流单元(342)，其中每个导流单元(342)包括：具有数个围板(328)的挡波结构，换热管(311)穿过数个围板(328)中的一部分，围板(328)被设置为将第一容腔(325)中容纳的所述第二介质限制在所述壳体(201)与各个导流单元(342)的所述围板(328)之间。

Description

满液型换热器和包含其的制冷机组 技术领域
本发明大体涉及一种满液型换热器和包含其的制冷机组。
背景技术
在现有技术的满液型换热器中设有换热管，换热管内用于流动第一介质，换热管外用于容纳第二介质，换热管需要被浸没在第二介质的液面之下，以使得换热管内的第一介质能够通过换热管的管壁与第二介质进行热交换。但是当满液型换热器用于一些振荡环境中，比如船用环境中，振荡环境会导致第二介质的液面波动，难以保证换热管被完全浸没，从而影响换热器的换热效率。在一些应用场景中，当满液型换热器用于船用制冷机组时，由于船行驶时会产生颠簸和晃动，由此导致满液型换热器中的第二介质沿满液型换热器的长度、宽度方向上的不均匀流动以及高度方向上的振荡。这样的流动和振荡会导致第二介质在满液型换热器内分布不均，进而导致一部分换热管露出于第二介质的液面之上，从而降低换热效率。
发明内容
本申请在第一方面提供了一种满液型换热器，包括：壳体，其上具有第一介质入口、第一介质出口、第二介质入口、第二介质出口，所述壳体限定第一容腔和第二容腔，所述第一容腔和第二容腔与所述第二介质入口和第二介质出口流体连通，其中所述第一容腔用于容纳所述第二介质，所述第一容腔被设置为位于所述第二介质形成的液面之下，所述第二容腔被设置为位于所述第二介质形成的液面之上；多个换热管，所述换热管沿所述壳体的长度方向设置在所述壳体内，所述换热管被设置在所述第一容腔内，其中所述换热管的两端分别与所述第一介质入口和所述第一介质出口流体连通，以使得所述换热管用于容纳第一介质；设置在所述壳体中沿所述壳体的长度方向排列设置的多个导流单元；其中每个所述导流单元包括：挡波结构，所述挡波结构包括至少一个围板，所述换热管穿过所述至少一个围板中的至少一部分，所述至少一个围板被设置为将所述第一容腔中容纳的所述第二介质限制在所述壳体与各个导流单元的所述围板之间，以至少部分地限制所述第二介质的在所述满液型换热器的长度方向和宽度方向上的流动。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，每个所述导流单元还包括：压波结构，所述压波结构设置在所述数至少一个围板中的至少一部分的顶侧，所述压波结构被设置为至少部分地限制所述第二介质的在所述满液型换热器的高度方向上的流动。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，所述至少一个围板包括顶板、一对翼板以及一对侧板，所述一对侧板连接在所述顶板的相对两侧，所述一对翼板连接在所述侧板的外侧与所述壳体的侧壁之间，以使得相邻的挡波结构的所述围板之间或所述壳体与所述挡波结构的所述围板之间能够形成用于容纳所述第二介质的限定区域；所述顶板和所述翼板上开设有多个孔以供换热管从中穿过。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，多个所述导流单元在所述壳体的高度上分多个层设置，其中奇数层中的所述导流单元与偶数层中的所述导流单元是错开设置的。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，每个所述导流单元的挡波结构包括前侧连接部和后侧连接部，所述前侧连接部位于靠近所述侧板与所述顶板的连接处的所述侧板上，所述后侧连接部位于靠近所述侧板与所述翼板的连接处的所述侧板上；其中每个导流单元的前侧连接部与相邻一层中相邻的导流单元的后侧连接部结合或悬空设置，并且其后侧连接部与相邻一层中相邻的导流单元的前侧连接部结合或悬空设置，如此重复而形成错开设置的层结构。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，所述压波结构与所述挡波结构一体形成或与所述挡波结构焊接在一起。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，所述压波结构包括压板，所述压板的下表面连接在所述围板的顶部，并且向相应的围板内外两侧延伸，以阻挡所述限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，所述压波结构包括压板，所述压板的侧面连接在所述围板的顶部的两侧，并且从相应的围板的一侧向另一侧延伸，以阻挡所述限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，所述压板为平面形结构、圆弧形结构、波浪形结构或折线形结构。
根据前述满液型换热器的一个方面，所述多个层中的最下方的一层的所述导流单元在其底部设有供第二介质流通的流通槽。
本申请在第二方面还提供了一种制冷机组，包括：如第一方面中任何一项所述满液型换热器。
根据上述制冷机组，所述制冷机组包括蒸发器、吸收器、冷凝器、热交换器、溶液循环泵以及发生器。其中所述发生器包括所述满液型换热器。
附图说明
图1是包括根据本发明的满液型换热器的制冷机组的系统图。
图2A是图1中的满液型换热器从一个角度观察的立体结构图。
图2B是图1中的满液型换热器从另一个角度观察的立体结构图。
图3A是图2A所示的满液型换热器的俯视图。
图3B是图2A所示的满液型换热器沿图3A中的剖切线A-A剖切得到的剖面图。
图3C是图2A所示的满液型换热器沿图3A中的剖切线B-B剖切得到的剖面图。
图3D是图2A所示的满液型换热器沿图3A中的剖切线C-C剖切得到的剖面图。
图4是图2A中的满液型换热器中的导流单元和换热管的立体结构图。
图5A为图4中的多个导流单元的立体结构图。
图5B为图4中的多个导流单元的侧视图。
图6为图5A中的单个导流单元的一个实施例立体结构图。
图7为图5A中的单个导流单元的另一个实施例的立体结构图。
图8为图5A中的单个导流单元的又一个实施例的立体结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考构成本说明书一部分的附图对本发明的各种具体实施方式进行描述。应当理解的是，虽然在本发明中使用表示方向的各种术语，比如“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”等来描述本发明的各种示例性结构部分和部件，但在此使用的这些术语只是为了方便说明的目的，基于附图中展示的示例性方位而确定的。由于本发明中的实施例可以按照不同方向设置，所以这些表示方向的术语只是用于说明而不构成限制。
图1是包括本发明的满液型换热器210的制冷机组100的系统图。如图1所示，制冷机组100包括蒸发器102、吸收器103、冷凝器104和发生器101。在本申请的制冷机组100中， 以水作为制冷剂，溴化锂作为吸收剂，利用溴化锂的水溶液的浓度变化以及水的相变来对外制冷。具体来说，溴化锂浓溶液在吸收器103吸收冷剂水蒸气后得到溴化锂稀溶液，并向来自冷却水进口1042的冷却水释放热量。然后溴化锂稀溶液通过溶液循环泵106进入热交换器105，在热交换器105中吸收热量后进入发生器101。溴化锂稀溶液在发生器101内吸收来自第一介质入口1011的第一介质的热量，使得溴化锂稀溶液中的水被蒸发，以得到溴化锂浓溶液。然后溴化锂浓溶液从发生器101中排出至热交换器105，在热交换器105中释放热量后回到吸收器103，由此完成溴化锂溶液的循环。
在发生器101中，溴化锂稀溶液被驱动热源水加热并蒸发出水蒸气；蒸发得到的水蒸气先进入冷凝器104中，在冷凝器104中向来自吸收器103的冷媒释放热量而冷凝为液态水。由于冷凝器104的内部压力高于蒸发器102的内部压力，因此从冷凝器104排出的液态水经过闪发后进入蒸发器102的底部，然后通过冷剂泵107输送到蒸发器102的顶部，经过滴淋盒1021分配后，吸收来自冷冻水进口1043的冷冻水的热量，液态的冷剂水蒸发为冷剂水蒸气后进入吸收器103中，冷剂水蒸气被吸收器103的喷淋盒1031分配的溴化锂浓溶液吸收得到溴化锂稀溶液。溴化锂稀溶液如上所述的进入发生器101中，并且蒸发以得到水蒸气。由此完成冷剂水的循环。
冷冻水进口1043和冷冻水出口1044流体连通，使得冷冻水能够流经蒸发器102内的换热管中，向蒸发器102中的冷剂水提供热量，从而向外界提供冷量，也就是对外界制冷。
第一介质入口1011和第一介质出口1012用于与第一介质流体连通。该满液型换热器用途为发生器时，该第一介质通常具有较高的温度，第一介质能够进入发生器101内的换热管中，以向发生器101中的溴化锂溶液提供热量。在其它一些示例中，第一介质也可以为热水、水蒸气或烟气等。
冷却水进口1042和冷却水出口1041用于与冷却水流体连通。冷却水通常具有较低的温度，以向吸收器103中的溴化锂溶液和冷凝器104中的冷剂水提供冷量。冷却水从冷却水进口1042先进入吸收器103内的换热管中，冷却水通过换热管吸收溴化锂浓溶液吸收冷剂水蒸气时释放的热量并升温，然后进入冷凝器104内的换热管中冷凝冷凝器104中的冷剂水蒸气，最后通过冷却水出口1041排出冷凝器104。
在本实施例中，发生器101包括满液型换热器210。满液型换热器210包括两种工作介质，满液型换热器210的第一介质为驱动热源水，第二介质为溴化锂溶液。满液型换热器210 中设置有换热管，换热管与满液型换热器210的第一介质入口1011和第一介质出口1012流体连通，驱动热源水从换热管内部流过。并且换热管被满液型换热器210中的溴化锂稀溶液浸没，溴化锂稀溶液通过换热管的管壁与换热管内的驱动热源水发生热交换，使溴化锂稀溶液蒸发成为溴化锂浓溶液，同时产生制冷剂水蒸气，溴化锂浓溶液经由第二介质出口1014进入热交换器105中。
应当注意，尽管在这里满液型换热器210是用在船用溴化锂制冷机组中，但应当理解，该满液型换热器210不局限于船用场合，也可以用于其他应用场合的制冷机组中，特别适合于可能产生颠簸或摇晃的应用场合，例如高空铁塔、飞机中的制冷应用场合。另外，本申请的满液型换热器210也不局限于溴化锂制冷机组，也可以用于其他适宜的机组，只需要使用满液型换热器即可。
图2A和图2B示出根据本发明的满液型换热器210从两个不同角度观察到的立体结构图，用于说明满液型换热器210的外部结构，其中图2A示出满液型换热器210从前往后看的立体结构图，图2B示出满液型换热器210从后往前看的立体结构图。如图2A和图2B所示，满液型换热器210包括壳体201，壳体201具有第一介质入口1011、第一介质出口1012、第二介质入口1013、第二介质出口1014、蒸汽出口251以及可选择使用的第二介质排空装置252。壳体201内限定容腔320，数根换热管311设置在容腔320中(参见图3B所示)。第一介质入口1011、第一介质出口1012与壳体201内的换热管311流体连通以使第一介质流过各个换热管311。该第一介质作为热源以提供热量，其可以是液体也可以是气体流体。第二介质入口1013、第二介质出口1014与壳体201内的容腔320流体连通以使第二介质进入/离开容腔320。在本实施例中，该满液型换热器210用作发生器，因而第一介质为驱动热源水，第二介质为溴化锂溶液。具体来说，溴化锂稀溶液从第二介质入口1013进入容腔320中，与容腔320中的各个换热管311中的第一介质进行热交换，使得溴化锂稀溶液中的水蒸发为水蒸气，溴化锂稀溶液转变为溴化锂浓溶液。蒸汽出口251与图1中所示的冷凝器104相连以将所产生的水蒸气输送到冷凝器104。
在图2A和图2B所示的实施例中，壳体201大致为长方形盒体形状，其长度方向上的相对两侧分别设有一对管板202、203，一对管板202、203上分别设有管孔205、206，换热管311的两端分别穿过一对管板202、203上的管孔205、206并被管板202、203支撑，并且第 一介质能够从换热管311的一端流入换热管并从换热管311的另一端流出，从而使得该换热管311的一端构成第一介质入口1011，该换热管311的另一端构成第一介质出口1012。
如图2A和图2B所示，在壳体201的宽度方向上的一个侧面设有向外凸出的盒形阀体204，盒形阀体204位于壳体201的右端。盒形阀体204的底部设有与容腔320流体连通的第二介质入口1013和第二介质出口1014，第二介质能够从第二介质入口1013进入容腔320，并且能够从第二介质出口1014流出容腔320。壳体201内部的具体结构将结合图3A-图3D进行详细描述。
如图2A所示，壳体201右侧的顶部向上凸出，以将壳体201在其长度方向上分为第一壳体281和第二壳体282，其中第一壳体281位于第二壳体282的左侧，并且第一壳体281的高度低于第二壳体282的高度。数根换热管311沿相同的长度方向设置在壳体201中。并且数根换热管311的高度被限制在第一壳体281的高度范围内。蒸汽出口251设置在第二壳体282的顶部，以排出蒸汽，例如向冷凝器104排出蒸汽。在换热管311的数量一定的情况下，根据换热管311的布置高度设置第一壳体281的高度和第二壳体282的高度，既可以在第二壳体282内空出换热管311外的蒸汽流动的空间，又可以在第一壳体281的高度范围内设置浸没换热管311的第二介质。相较于高度与第一壳体281相同的方形壳体来说，本实施例的壳体201能够便于蒸汽产生和排出。相较于高度与第二壳体282相同的方形壳体来说，本实施例的壳体201节省浸没换热管311的第二介质的用量，并且便于第二介质浸没换热管311。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，蒸汽出口251可以通过管道连接至冷凝器104，以将满液型换热器210产生的冷剂水蒸气从蒸汽出口251排出至冷凝器104。
在本实施例中，可选择使用的第二介质排空装置252设置在壳体201的底部。第二介质排空装置252为可打开或关闭的阀。在发生器工作过程中，第二介质排空装置252一般处于关闭状态。如果发生器停止工作后，需要排空容腔320中的第二介质，可以通过打开第二介质排空装置252来排出容腔320中的第二介质。
应当注意，虽然图2A和图2B示出了第一介质入口1011、第一介质出口1012、第二介质入口1013、第二介质出口1014、蒸汽出口251以及可选择使用的第二介质排空装置252的具体配置和位置，但这些配置和位置绝非限制性的，在其他实施例中，它们的配置和位置可以相应地变化。
图3A-图3D示出了满液型换热器的内部结构，其中图3A为满液型换热器的俯视图，图3B是图2A所示的满液型换热器沿图3A中的剖切线A-A剖切得到的剖视图，图3C是图2A所示的满液型换热器沿图3A中的剖切线B-B剖切得到的剖视图，图3D是图2A所示的满液型换热器沿图3A中的剖切线C-C剖切得到的剖视图。图3B和图3C用于更清楚地示出第二介质入口1013、第二介质出口1014与第二介质内部管路353的连接关系。如图3B和图3C所示，第二介质入口1013通过管接头352与第二介质内部管路353流体连通，并且第二介质内部管路353与容腔320流体连通，以使得第二介质入口1013与容腔320流体连通。具体来说，盒形阀体204内部为中空结构，该中空结构与壳体201中的容腔320流体连通。盒形阀体204内设有管接头352，管接头352大致为中空的直角弯管形状。在图3C所示的方向上，管接头352的垂直方向上的底端与第二介质入口1013连接，管接头352的水平方向上的右端与第二介质内部管路353连接。第二介质出口1014直接连接在盒形阀体204的底端，并与盒形阀体204内部流体连通。
第二介质内部管路353为中空的长管形状，其设置在壳体201的容腔320内，一端与管接头352连接，另一端朝向容腔320开放。例如，在图3B的实施例中，第二介质内部管路353的左端与管接头352连接，其右端朝向容腔320开放，以将第二介质内部管路353与容腔320流体连通。当然，第二介质内部管路353的构造不局限于此。在图3B所示的方向上，第二介质内部管路353从左端的管接头352处从左向右大致水平地延伸至壳体201的右端处。由此，第二介质能够从第二介质入口1013进入管接头352中，然后沿着第二介质内部管路353排出至容腔320中，第二介质积累成一定高度后浸没数个换热管311，并与换热管311内部的第一介质进行热交换，第二介质在热交换完成后再经由第二介质出口1014离开容腔320。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，虽然本实施例中包括与第二介质入口1013连接的一个管接头352和一个第二介质内部管路353，但是在其他实施例中，管接头352可以被设置为多个，或者具有多个出口，相应的第二介质内部管路353也可以设置为多个。
图3C和图3D示出满液型换热器210的更具体的内部结构。如图3C和图3D所示，壳体201限定容腔320，容腔320包括位于下方的第一容腔325和位于上方的第二容腔326。在本申请的实施例中，第一容腔325和第二容腔326没有固定的分界面，而是由第二介质形成的 液面327限定而成，第一容腔325位于第二介质的液面327之下，用于容纳第二介质；第二容腔326位于第二介质的液面327之上，用于容纳水蒸气。
进一步结合图3B-图3D所示，换热管311被设置在第一容腔325内并穿过多个导流单元342，多个导流单元342沿壳体201的长度方向间隔设置，并且连接至壳体201的内壁。由此，多个导流单元342能够在长度方向上支撑换热管311，并且限制第一容腔325中的第二介质的流动。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，在本实施例中多个导流单元342各自独立地连接至壳体201的内壁，在其他实施例中，多个导流单元也可以构建为一个整体件，以整体地连接至壳体201的内壁。
在本实施例中，每个导流单元包括挡波结构和压波结构，挡波结构用于至少部分地限制在第一容腔325中的第二介质在满液型换热器210的长度方向和宽度方向上的流动。压波结构用于至少部分地限制在第一容腔325中的第二介质在满液型换热器210的高度方向上的流动。由此，即使是在船舶等振荡环境中，满液型换热器210也能够将第一容腔325中的第二介质保持在壳体201和挡波结构、压波结构的限定区域内，从而保证各个换热管311都能保持浸没在第二介质中，避免第二介质分布不均。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，如果环境振荡不太明显，或者壳体的高度有限，也可以仅包括挡波结构，而不包括压波结构，导流单元也可以不被完全浸没在第二介质中。
具体来说，挡波结构包括至少一个围板328，换热管311穿过至少一个围板328中的至少一部分。在本实施例中，挡波结构包括数个围板328，每个围板328包括沿壳体201的长度方向延伸的部分和沿壳体201的宽度方向延伸的部分。换热管311穿过数个围板328中沿壳体201的宽度方向延伸的部分。并且数个围板328在壳体201的宽度方向的最外侧边缘与壳体201的一对侧壁322的内侧连接，以使得各个导流单元342与壳体201固定连接。在本实施例中，数个围板328在壳体201的宽度方向的最外侧边缘与壳体201的一对侧壁322的内侧通过焊接的方式连接。在其他实施例中，导流单元也可以通过其他方式与壳体201连接；导流单元也可连接至壳体201的其他部位，例如导流单元的围板328与壳体201的底壁323连接。由此，在壳体201的长度方向上，第一容腔325中容纳的第二介质能够被限制在壳体201的前壁与各个导流单元342的围板328之间、壳体201的后壁与各个导流单元342的围板328之间或者相邻的各个导流单元342的围板328之间。在壳体201的宽度方向上，第一容腔325中容纳的第二介质能够被限制在壳体201的一对侧壁322之间。即使机组在振荡环 境中应用，使得满液型换热器210发生长度或者宽度方向上的晃动，第一容腔325中容纳的第二介质也能被保持在壳体201和各个导流单元342的围板328之间，以至少部分地限制第二介质在所述满液型换热器210的长度方向和宽度方向上的流动。
进一步如图3C和图3D所示，最底部的导流单元的围板328相对于壳体201的底壁323向上凹陷形成供第二介质流通的流通槽324，流通槽324可以允许第二介质至少能够在第一容腔325的底部顺畅流动。也就是说，尽管第一容腔325中容纳的第二介质被保持在壳体201和各个导流单元342的围板328之间的限定区域内，但是各个限定区域之间是相互流体连通的。这将有助于第二介质流入第一容腔325时形成液面327或尽快从第一容腔325中排出。
图4示出了多个导流单元342和换热管311的立体结构图。如图4所示，多个导流单元342分层设置。在本实施例中，多个导流单元342分三层设置，在其他实施例中，多个导流单元342也可以设置为一层、两层或更多层。最下层的每个导流单元342的底部设置流通槽324。分层设置导流单元342有助于将第二介质保持在更小的区域内。每一层中的导流单元342在长度方向上大致平行地并排设置，并且相邻层中的导流单元342错开设置。每根换热管311依次穿过一个层中的各个导流单元342，以使得每根换热管311在长度方向上的一段位于导流单元342的在壳体201和一个导流单元342的围板328之间以及在某些情况下数个围板328之间的一个限定区域内。
图5A和5B示出了多个导流单元342的位置关系。其中图5A示出多个导流单元342的分层设置的立体结构，图5B示出图5A所示多个导流单元342的侧视图。如图5A和图5B所示，多个导流单元342在壳体201的高度上分三层设置，其中奇数层中的导流单元342与偶数层中的导流单元342是错开设置的。具体来说，每个导流单元342在长度方向上包括前侧连接部463和后侧连接部464。在本实施例中，每个导流单元342大致为字形结构，导流单元342在宽度方向上的中部相对于两侧向前凸出。前侧连接部463位于导流单元342在宽度方向上的中部的前侧，后侧连接部464位于导流单元342在宽度方向上的中部的后侧。在前侧的拐角部位形成前侧连接部463，在后侧的拐角部位形成后侧连接部464。在长度方向上，相邻两层的导流单元342不完全错开，而是发生部分重叠，以便于各个导流单元342之间的连接。更具体来说，每个导流单元342的前侧连接部463与相邻一层中相邻的导流单元342的后侧连接部464重叠以结合或悬空设置，并且其后侧连接部464与相邻一层中相邻的导流单元342的前侧连接部463重叠以结合或悬空设置，如此重复而形成错开设置的 层结构。在本实施例中，前侧连接部463和后侧连接部464的结合是通过焊接的方式实现的。在拐角部位的前侧连接部463和后侧连接部464处，通过焊接的方式结合，可以在各个导流单元342的焊接面积有限的情况下，使得各个导流单元342的结合更加稳固。之所以有悬空设置是由于前述的错开设置，位于最前面和最后面的导流单元342的前侧连接部463或后侧连接部464是悬空的缘故。例如，在如图5A和图5B所示的实施例中，第二层的导流单元342中，最前面的导流单元342的前侧连接部463悬空设置，第一层和第三层的导流单元342中，最后面的导流单元342的后侧连接部464悬空设置。
图6为图5A中的导流单元的一个实施例的立体结构图，用于说明导流单元342的具体结构。如图6所示，导流单元342的数个围板328包括顶板3021、一对翼板3023以及一对侧板646。顶板3021位于导流单元342的最前侧，并且沿宽度方向延伸。一对侧板646平行地连接在顶板3021的相对两侧，并且沿长度方向延伸。一对翼板3023并排连接在相应的侧板646的外侧与壳体201的侧壁322之间，并且沿与顶板3021平行的方向延伸。也就是说，一对侧板646从顶板3021的两侧边缘向后沿长度方向延伸形成，一对翼板3023从相应的侧板646的后侧边缘向两侧沿宽度方向延伸形成。因此，顶板3021与一对侧板646的连接处的拐角大致为直角形状，侧板646与翼板3023的连接处的拐角大致为直角形状。由此，导流单元342的五块围板328大致形成形结构。
在本实施例中，每个翼板3023的外侧边缘与壳体201的侧壁322通过焊接工艺连接。顶板3021和翼板3023上开设有多个孔644以供换热管311穿过。当然，围板328并不仅限于这种结构，比如导流单元342也可以设计成仅包括顶板和一对侧板，一对侧板从顶板处倾斜地延伸至于壳体的侧壁连接，顶板和侧板上开孔以供换热管从中穿过而一对侧板与壳体的侧壁相连接等等，视情况而定。在此实施例中，前侧连接部463位于靠近侧板646与顶板3021的连接处的侧板646的顶部边缘和底部边缘上，后侧连接部464位于靠近侧板646与翼板3023的连接处的侧板646的顶部边缘和底部边缘上。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，这里的靠近是指，前侧连接部463和后侧连接部464位于侧板646的相应连接部位的一侧，并且具有一定长度，以便于与相邻的连接部结合时有一定的重叠范围。因此，本申请的导流单元342的围板328结构能够便于焊接工艺。
仍然如图6所示，每个导流单元342还包括压波结构，压波结构设置在每个导流单元342的至少一个围板328的顶侧，并且从相应的围板328的顶部边缘以倾斜于高度方向的角度向 外张开延伸，以阻挡被限制在限定区域范围内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动，从而至少部分地限制第二介质的在满液型换热器210的高度方向上的流动。在一些实施例中，压波结构与挡波结构可以一体形成，或压波结构与挡波结构通过焊接等方式固定连接在一起。
具体来说，压波结构包括数个压板643。数个压板643设置在包括顶板3021、一对侧板646和一对翼板3023的所有围板328的顶部。但在其它实施例中，数个压板643也可以根据需要仅设置在多个围板328中的一个或多个围板的顶部。在如图6所示的实施例中，每个压板643为沿水平方向延伸的平面形结构，也就是说，每个压板643与高度方向垂直。压板643的下表面连接在相应的围板328的顶表面的中间位置，以让出顶板3021、一对侧板646和一对翼板3023的连接处的拐角部位，例如在一对侧板646上空出前侧连接部463和后侧连接部464。并且压板643向相应的围板328的内外两侧水平地延伸一定宽度。该宽度被设置为能够阻挡限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动，但是不会影响蒸汽的流动。
在本实施例中，每个导流单元342均包括压波结构，分多层设置的导流单元342相较于单层设置的导流单元342来说，能够具有更好的压波效果，使得第二介质溅起的高度更低，飞溅的第二介质的量更少。即使机组在振荡环境中应用，使得满液型换热器210发生高度方向上的晃动，限定区域内的第二介质也能被保持在壳体201和各个导流单元342的围板328之间，以限制第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
图7示出了导流单元的第二个实施例的立体结构图。如图7所示，导流单元742的结构与图6导流单元342的结构大致相同，区别在于导流单元742中的压波结构与导流单元342的压波结构的结构不同。具体来说，在本实施例中，压波结构包括数个压板743。数个压板743设置在所有围板328的顶部。类似的，但在其它实施例中，数个压板743也可以根据情况仅设置在多个围板328中的一个或多个围板的顶部的中间位置，以让出围板328连接处的拐角部位。在如图7所示的实施例中，每个压板743为折线形结构。在本实施例中，压板743不再沿水平方向延伸，而是略微倾斜于水平面延伸形成折线形状。并且压板743不再连接在每个围板328的顶面上，而是从每个围板328的顶部的侧表面向相对的另一侧延伸形成。由此，压板743也可以阻挡所述限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
图8示出了导流单元的第三个实施例的立体结构图。如图8所示，导流单元842的结构与导流单元742的结构大致相同，区别在于导流单元842中的压板843的形状与导流单元742 中的压板743的形状不同。具体来说，在本实施例中，每个压板843为中部拱起的圆弧形结构，以阻挡所述限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，压板的形状不局限于上述的几个实施例，只要能够方便地连接在围板328的顶部，并且从围板328的顶部大致向内外两侧张开延伸即可，例如压板也可以为波浪形结构。
综上所述，由于在本申请的满液型换热器中设置了挡波结构，能够将满液型换热器中的第二介质限定在导流单元和壳体围成的限定较小的区域范围内，从而限制了第二介质在满液型换热器的长度方向和宽度方向上的流动。并且在本申请的满液型换热器中还设置了压波结构，能够将满液型换热器中的第二介质限定在一定高度范围内，从而限制了第二介质在满液型换热器的高度方向上的流动。
因此，使用本申请的满液型换热器的机组，即使是在船用等振荡环境中使用，也能保持第二介质浸没各个换热管，因此不会导致第二介质在满液型换热器内分布不均和也不会导致一部分换热管露出于第二介质液面之上，从而提高换热效率。
尽管已结合以上描述的实施例对本发明进行了公开，但各种替代方案、修改、变化、改进和/或基本等同方案，无论是已知的或是现在或将来可预见的，对本领域技术人员都是显而易见的。另外，本说明书中描述的技术效果和/或技术问题是示例性的而不是限制性的，所以本说明书的公开内容可以用于解决其他技术问题和具有其他技术效果。因此，前面陈述的本发明的实施例旨在是说明性的而不是限制性的。在不背离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变。因此，本发明旨在包括所有已知或早前开发的替代方案、修改、变化、改进和/或基本等同方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种满液型换热器(210)，包括：
    壳体(201)，其上具有第一介质入口(1011)、第一介质出口(1012)、第二介质入口(1013)、第二介质出口(1014)，所述壳体(201)限定第一容腔(325)和第二容腔(326)，所述第一容腔(325)和第二容腔(326)与所述第二介质入口(1013)和第二介质出口(1014)流体连通，其中所述第一容腔(325)用于容纳所述第二介质，所述第一容腔(325)被设置为位于所述第二介质形成的液面(327)之下，所述第二容腔(326)被设置为位于所述第二介质形成的液面(327)之上；
    多个换热管(311)，所述换热管(311)沿所述壳体(201)的长度方向设置在所述壳体(201)内，所述换热管(311)被设置在所述第一容腔(325)内，其中所述换热管(311)的两端分别与所述第一介质入口(1011)和所述第一介质出口(1012)流体连通，以使得所述换热管(311)用于容纳所述第一介质；
    多个导流单元(342)，所述多个导流单元(342)设置在所述壳体(201)中，所述多个导流单元(342)沿所述壳体(201)的长度方向排列设置；
    其中每个所述导流单元(342)包括：
    挡波结构，所述挡波结构包括至少一个围板(328)，所述换热管(311)穿过所述至少一个围板(328)中的至少一部分，所述至少一个围板(328)被设置为将所述第一容腔(325)中容纳的所述第二介质限制在所述壳体(201)与各个导流单元(342)的所述围板(328)之间，以至少部分地限制所述第二介质在所述满液型换热器(210)的长度方向和宽度方向上的流动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述满液型换热器(210)，其特征在于：
    每个所述导流单元(342)还包括：
    压波结构，所述压波结构设置在所述至少一个围板(328)中的至少一部分的顶侧，所述压波结构被设置为至少部分地限制所述第二介质的在所述满液型换热器(210)的高度方向上的流动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    所述至少一个围板(328)包括顶板(3021)、一对翼板(3023)以及一对侧板(646)，所述一对侧板(646)连接在所述顶板(3021)的相对两侧，所述一对翼板(3023)连接在所述侧板(646)的外侧与所述壳体(201)的侧壁(322)之间，以使得相邻的挡波结构的所述 围板(328)之间或所述壳体(201)与所述挡波结构的所述围板(328)之间能够形成用于容纳所述第二介质的限定区域；
    所述顶板(3021)和所述翼板(3023)上开设有多个孔(644)以供换热管(311)从中穿过。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    多个所述导流单元(342)在所述壳体(201)的高度上分多个层设置，其中奇数层中的所述导流单元(342)与偶数层中的所述导流单元(342)是错开设置的。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    每个所述导流单元(342)的挡波结构包括前侧连接部(463)和后侧连接部(464)，所述前侧连接部(463)位于靠近所述侧板(646)与所述顶板(3021)的连接处的所述侧板(646)上，所述后侧连接部(464)位于靠近所述侧板(646)与所述翼板(3023)的连接处的所述侧板(646)上；
    其中每个导流单元(342)的前侧连接部(463)与相邻一层中相邻的导流单元(342)的后侧连接部(464)结合或悬空设置，并且其后侧连接部(464)与相邻一层中相邻的导流单元(342)的前侧连接部(463)结合或悬空设置，
    如此重复而形成错开设置的层结构。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    所述压波结构与所述挡波结构一体形成或与所述挡波结构焊接在一起。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    所述压波结构包括压板(643、743、843)，所述压板(643、743、843)的下表面连接在所述围板(328)的顶部，并且向相应的围板(328)内外两侧延伸，以阻挡所述限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    所述压波结构包括压板(643、743、843)，所述压板(643、743、843)的侧面连接在所述围板(328)的顶部的两侧，并且从相应的围板(328)的一侧向另一侧延伸，以阻挡所述限定区域内的第二介质在高度方向上的流动。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述满液型换热器(210)，其中：
    所述压板(643、743、843)为平面形结构、圆弧形结构、波浪形结构或折线形结构。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述满液型换热器(210)，其中，
    所述多个层中的最下方的一层的所述导流单元(342)在其底部设有供第二介质流通的流通槽(324)。
  11. 一种制冷机组，其特征在于包括：
    如权利要求1-10中任何一项所述满液型换热器(210)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制冷机组，其特征在于：
    所述制冷机组(100)包括蒸发器(102)、吸收器(103)、冷凝器(104)、热交换器(105)、溶液循环泵(106)以及发生器(101)；
    其中所述发生器(101)包括所述满液型换热器(210)。
PCT/CN2024/099245 2023-06-16 2024-06-14 满液型换热器和包含其的制冷机组 Ceased WO2024255852A1 (zh)

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