WO2024248463A1 - 폴리에스테르 연신 필름 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
폴리에스테르 연신 필름 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024248463A1 WO2024248463A1 PCT/KR2024/007248 KR2024007248W WO2024248463A1 WO 2024248463 A1 WO2024248463 A1 WO 2024248463A1 KR 2024007248 W KR2024007248 W KR 2024007248W WO 2024248463 A1 WO2024248463 A1 WO 2024248463A1
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- heat
- polyester
- stretched film
- heat treatment
- melting temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyester stretched film having excellent crystallinity while having heat shrinkage properties, thereby increasing the efficiency of a recycling process, and a method for producing the polyester stretched film.
- polyester resins are widely used as materials in various fields because they have excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, transparency, and gas barrier properties.
- heat shrinkable films manufactured using polyester resins have high heat resistance and an appropriate heat shrinkage rate, making them suitable for packaging and/or labeling of plastic containers such as PET bottles.
- the process for recycling the above waste plastic containers can be divided into a physical recycling process that involves washing and crushing, and a chemical recycling process that involves a depolymerization process.
- a preprocessing process is required to separate the waste plastic by plastic type, which reduces the efficiency of the recycling process.
- a process of separating (removing) the polyester film from the PET bottle must be performed. This is because, due to the difference in crystallinity between the polyester resin contained in the polyester film and the PET contained in the PET bottle, if the PET bottle is input into the recycling process in a state in which the polyester film is bonded, the recycling process becomes impossible.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies, and as a result, it has been confirmed that the crystallinity of a polyester stretched film manufactured using a polyester resin can be maximized, and a polyester stretched film that can be recycled without separating (removing) from a waste plastic container can be obtained.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a polyester stretched film having excellent crystallinity and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a polyester stretched film, which comprises a polyester resin in which a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component are polymerized, and, when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) after a first heat treatment and a second heat treatment, exhibits a first melting temperature (T m1 ) and a second melting temperature (T m2 ), and a ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) is 0.1 or more.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the present invention provides a polyester stretched film comprising a polyester resin in which a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component are polymerized, wherein the polyester stretched film is first heat-treated at 70° C., then pre-heat-treated at 160° C., and then cut into 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm pieces to obtain a polyester stretched film sample, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sample obtained by passing a PET container through a sieve having a diameter of 12.5 mm, are mixed in a weight ratio of 97:3, heat-treated at 195° C. for 90 minutes, and then passed through the sieve to obtain a PET sample, and when evaluating the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film, the polyester stretched film has a crystal fraction represented by the following Equation 2 of 30% or more:
- the above F T is the ratio of the weight (S s ) of the sample passing through a 12.5 mm mesh sieve among the heat-treated mixed sample to the total weight (M T ) of the heat-treated mixed sample ((S s /M T ) ⁇ 100, %),
- the above F m is the ratio of the weight (C s ) of the agglomerated sample remaining on a 12.5 mm mesh sieve among the heat-treated mixed sample to the total weight (M T ) of the heat-treated mixed sample ((C s /M T ) ⁇ 100, %).
- the present invention provides a method for producing a polyester stretched film, comprising: a step of polymerizing a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component to produce a polyester resin; a step of producing a polyester stretched sheet from the polyester resin; and a step of heat-setting the stretched sheet, wherein after the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment, when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the polyester stretched film exhibits a first melting temperature (T m1 ) and a second melting temperature (T m2 ), and a ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) is 0.1 or more.
- the polyester stretch film according to the present invention can maximize crystallinity while exhibiting excellent heat shrinkage by having multiple melting temperatures (T m ) and satisfying a heat of fusion ratio within a specific range when heat-treated twice or more under specific conditions.
- the polyester stretch film according to the present invention can be usefully used as a heat shrinkable film applied as a packaging and/or label for a plastic container (e.g., a PET bottle).
- a plastic container e.g., a PET bottle.
- the polyester stretch film according to the present invention has high crystallinity, recycling of waste plastic containers is possible without separating the polyester stretch film during the recycling process of used waste plastic containers (the waste plastic container can be fed into the recycling process while the polyester stretch film is bound to it). Accordingly, the present invention can increase the efficiency of the recycling process compared to the prior art.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the results of DSC analysis of a polyester stretched film manufactured in Example 6 of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to the contents described below, and may be modified in various forms as long as the gist of the invention is not changed.
- the melting temperature (T m ) of a polymer resin is defined as the limit of the crystallization temperature (T c ), which is the temperature at which the crystalline portion of the polymer resin begins to melt.
- T c crystallization temperature
- a polymer resin having multiple melting temperatures (T m ) means that a large amount of heat is required to melt the crystalline portion, which can be interpreted as the crystallinity of the polymer resin being maximized.
- the polyester stretched film of the present invention which includes a polyester resin, which is a polymer resin, has a plurality of melting temperatures (T m ) through primary heat treatment and secondary heat treatment under specific conditions, and exhibits high crystallinity because the ratio of the heat of fusion at the plurality of melting temperatures satisfies a specific range.
- the polyester stretched film according to one embodiment can shrink the polyester stretched film through the first heat treatment and improve the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film through the second heat treatment.
- the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film can be optimized, and due to this optimized crystallinity, not only can it be usefully used as a heat shrinkable film applied as a packaging and/or label for a plastic container (e.g., a PET bottle), but further, it has a technical significance in that the recycling process of waste plastic containers (waste plastic containers can be input into the recycling process in a state in which the polyester stretched film is bound) is possible without separating the polyester stretched film (polyester film), thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the recycling process.
- a polyester stretched film includes a polyester resin in which a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component are polymerized, and when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) after a first heat treatment and a second heat treatment, exhibits a first melting temperature (T m1 ) and a second melting temperature (T m2 ), and a ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) is 0.1 or more.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the crystallinity of the above polyester stretched film can be an indicator of recyclability and recyclability process efficiency. That is, the higher the crystallinity of the above polyester stretched film, the more the recyclability increases and the recycling fixation efficiency can be improved.
- a polyester stretched film can have its crystallinity optimally improved through two or more heat treatment processes, so that even when a recycling process is performed while the polyester stretched film is bonded to a waste plastic container, fusion with the waste plastic container is reduced, so that a recycling process of the waste plastic container can be performed without going through a process of separating (removing) the polyester stretched film from the waste plastic container, thereby increasing the efficiency of the recycling process.
- the polyester stretched film may be a polyester film manufactured by heat treating at least twice, specifically two to three times.
- the polyester stretched film may be a polyester film manufactured by, for example, first heat treatment and second heat treatment, or pre-heat treatment of first heat treatment and second heat treatment.
- the polyester stretched film may include a film obtained by melting the polyester resin into a sheet and then stretching the sheet.
- the polyester stretched film may be a stretched film obtained through a melting and casting process of the polyester resin, a stretching process, and/or a heat setting process.
- the specific process method of the polyester stretched film is as described below.
- the first heat treatment temperature may be 60 to 105 °C, and specifically 62 to 104 °C, 62 to 103 °C, 65 to 102 °C, 68 to 100 °C, 70 to 100 °C, 70 to 98 °C, 70 to 97 °C, or 70 to 96 °C.
- the above first heat treatment is a shrinkage process of the polyester stretched film, and when the first heat treatment temperature satisfies the above range, the polyester stretched film can realize excellent heat shrinkage properties at the desired level.
- the secondary heat treatment temperature may be 140 to 220°C, and specifically, 141 to 219°C, 142 to 218°C, 143 to 217°C, 144 to 216°C, 145 to 215°C, 145 to 214°C, 146 to 213°C, or 150 to 210°C.
- the above secondary heat treatment is a crystallization process of the polyester stretched film shrunk by the above primary heat treatment, and when the secondary heat treatment temperature satisfies the above range, the polyester stretched film can implement excellent crystallinity at the desired level.
- the polyester stretched film can have excellent heat shrinkage properties while having a high crystallinity at a required level.
- crystallinity can be controlled by varying the secondary heat treatment conditions.
- the second heat treatment can be performed after the first heat-treated polyester stretched film is pre-heat-treated (pre-heat treatment of the second heat treatment).
- the secondary heat treatment may include a step of pre-heat treating the first heat-treated polyester stretched film, and a step of second-heat treating the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film.
- the above pre-heat treatment can be performed at the same or similar temperature range as the above secondary heat treatment.
- the pre-heat treatment temperature can be 140 to 220 °C, and specifically, 141 to 219 °C, 142 to 218 °C, 143 to 217 °C, 144 to 216 °C, 145 to 215 °C, 145 to 214 °C, 146 to 213 °C, or 150 to 210 °C for 1 to 30 minutes, 1 to 20 minutes, 5 to 30 minutes, 5 to 25 minutes, 5 to 20 minutes, 5 to 15 minutes, 6 to 25 minutes, 6 to 20 minutes, 6 to 15 minutes, or 6 to 13 minutes.
- the polyester stretched film shrunken by the first heat treatment is crystallized through the pre-heat treatment, and the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film can be maximized to an optimal range through the second heat treatment, thereby further improving the efficiency of the recycling process.
- the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for analyzing the polyester stretched film may be specifically modulated DSC (MDSC), and more specifically, temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC).
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the heating rate condition may be, for example, a heating rate condition of 10°C/min from room temperature to 280°C.
- the first melting temperature (T m1 ) and the second melting temperature (T m2 ) occurring during the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment are not particularly limited, but may each be 150 to 230° C.
- the first melting temperature (T m1 ) and the second melting temperature (T m2 ) may be different from each other.
- the first melting temperature (T m1 ) may be lower than the second melting temperature (T m2 ).
- the first melting temperature (T m1 ) may be 150 to 230 °C, and specifically, 152 to 230 °C, 154 to 220 °C, 156 to 220 °C, 158 to 215 °C, 160 to 215 °C, 162 to 215 °C, or 162 to 210 °C.
- one or more first melting temperatures may be exhibited.
- one or more first melting temperatures (T m1 ) may be exhibited, and the plurality of first melting temperatures (T m1 ) may exhibit different melting temperatures within the above range.
- the second melting temperature (T m2 ) may be 150 to 230 °C, and specifically, 155 to 230 °C, 170 to 230 °C, 175 to 229 °C, 180 to 229 °C, 185 to 228 °C, 190 to 228 °C, or 195 to 228 °C.
- the second melting temperature (T m2 ) is 150 °C to 230 °C, and may have crystallinity.
- the desired melting temperature (T m2 ) and enthalpy at the corresponding temperature may be achieved.
- the first melting temperature (T m1 ) and the second melting temperature (T m2 ) may be different from each other.
- one or more second melting temperatures may be exhibited.
- one or more second melting temperatures (T m2 ) may be exhibited, and the plurality of second melting temperatures (T m2 ) may exhibit different melting temperatures within the above range.
- the polyester stretched film according to the present invention can have high crystallinity at a required level while improving heat shrinkage, heat resistance, and durability.
- the second-p melting temperature (T m2-p ) may be 150 to 230° C., and specifically, 155 to 230° C., 156 to 230° C., 157 to 229° C., 160 to 229° C., 160 to 228° C., or 160 to 225° C.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment may exhibit one or more of the second-p melting temperatures (T m2-p ) when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) after being pre-heat treated before the second heat treatment.
- T m2-p second-p melting temperatures
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- one or more second-p melting temperatures (T m2-p ) may be exhibited, and the plurality of second-p melting temperatures (T m2-p ) may exhibit different melting temperatures within the above range.
- the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film can be maximized, while the heat shrinkage, heat resistance, and durability can be further improved.
- each of the first melting temperature (T m1 ) and the second melting temperature (T m2 ) may have a specific range of heat of fusion (heat of fusion or delta H).
- the heat of fusion refers to the amount of heat required for a substance to melt, and by controlling the heat of fusion and the ratio of the heat of fusion, the crystallinity can be controlled within a desired range.
- the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) may be 1.0 J/g or more, 1.5 J/g or more, 2.0 J/g or more, 40.0 J/g or less, 35.0 J/g or less, 30.0 J/g or less, 28.0 J/g or less, or 27.0 J/g or less.
- the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) is, for example, 1.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, It can be from 4.8 J/g to 40.0 J/g, from 4.8 J/g to 30.0 J/g, or from 4.8 J/g to 28.0 J/g.
- the polyester stretched film according to the present invention is manufactured from a stretched film including a polyester resin, and at this time, the stretched film exhibits excellent heat shrinkage properties by the first heat treatment, and the polyester stretched film manufactured thereby has excellent heat shrinkage properties.
- At least one first melting temperature (T m1 ) is exhibited, and the total sum of the total heats of fusion (H 1T ) may be 1.0 J/g or more, 1.5 J/g or more, 2.0 J/g or more, 40.0 J/g or less, 35.0 J/g or less, 30.0 J/g or less, 25.0 J/g or less, or 20.0 J/g or less.
- the total sum of the total heat of fusion is, for example, 1.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 28.0 J/g, 4.8 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 4.8 J/g to 30.0 J/g, or 4.8 J/g to 28.0 J/g.
- the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) may be greater than 0.0 J/g, greater than or equal to 0.1 J/g, greater than or equal to 0.5 J/g, greater than or equal to 1.0 J/g, greater than or equal to 1.5 J/g, less than or equal to 50.0 J/g, less than or equal to 45.0 J/g, less than or equal to 40.0 J/g, less than or equal to 35.0 J/g, or less than or equal to 30.0 J/g.
- the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) is, for example, more than 0.0 J/g to less than 50.0 J/g, 0.1 J/g to 49.0 J/g, 0.1 J/g to 45.0 J/g, 0.1 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 0.5 J/g to 49.0 J/g, 0.5 J/g to 45.0 J/g, 0.5 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 0.5 J/g to 33.0 J/g, 0.5 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 49.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 45.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 33.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 49.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 45.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 33.
- At least one second melting temperature (T m2 ) is exhibited, and the total sum of the total heats of fusion (H 2T ) may be 1.0 J/g or more, 1.5 J/g or more, less than 50.0 J/g, 49.0 J/g or less, 45.0 J/g or less, 40.0 J/g or less, 35.0 J/g or less, or 30.0 J/g or less.
- the total sum of the above two overall heats of fusion can be, for example, 1.0 J/g to 49.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 45.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 33.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 30.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 49.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 45.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.5 J/g to 33.0 J/g, or 1.5 J/g to 30.0 J/g.
- the second-p heat of fusion (H 2-p ) at the second-p melting temperature (T m2-p ) may be 1.0 J/g or more, 1.5 J/g or more, 2.0 J/g or more, 40.0 J/g or less, 35.0 J/g or less, or 33.0 J/g or less.
- the second-p heat of fusion (H 2-p ) at the second-p melting temperature (T m2-p ) is, for example, 1.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 38.0 J/g, 1.0 J/g to 35.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 38.0 J/g, 2.0 J/g to 35.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 38.0 J/g, 3.0 J/g to 35.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 38.0 J/g, 4.0 J/g to 35.0 J/g, It can be 4.7 J/g to 40.0 J/g, 4.7 J/g to 38.0 J/g, or 4.7 J/g to 35.0 J/g.
- the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film may vary depending on the ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ).
- the ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) is 0.1 or more, for example, 0.1 to 10.0, 0.2 to 9.5, 0.3 to 9.0, 0.3 to 8.5, 0.3 to 8.0, 0.3 to 7.0, 0.3 to 6.0, 0.3 to 5.0, 0.3 to 4.0, 0.3 to 3.8, 0.3 to 3.5, 0.3 to 3.0, 0.3 to 2.9, 0.3 to 2.5, 1.0 to 3.5, 1.0 to 3.4, or 1.0 to It could be 3.0.
- the polyester stretched film can increase the sum of the heat of fusion after the first heat treatment, the pre-heat treatment, and the second heat treatment.
- it exhibited a number of increased melting temperatures after the second heat treatment compared to before the heat treatment. This shows that crystallization can be initiated due to the pre-heat treatment, and the crystallinity can be further improved after the second heat treatment.
- the ratio of the total sum of the total heats of fusion (H 1T ) after the first heat treatment to the total sum of the total heats of fusion (H 2T ) after the second heat treatment (H 1T /H 2T ) may be 0.1 or more, for example, 0.1 to 10.0, 0.1 to 9.5, 0.1 to 9.0, 0.2 to 8.5, 0.2 to 8.0, 0.3 to 7.0, 0.3 to 6.0, 0.3 to 5.0, 0.3 to 4.0, 0.3 to 3.8, 0.3 to 3.5, or 0.3 to 3.0.
- the ratio (H 2 /H 2-p ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the second heat of fusion (H 2 -p ) at the second- p melting temperature (T m2-p ) is 0.1 or more, for example, 0.1 to 10.0, 0.2 to 9.5, 0.3 to 9.0, 0.3 to 8.5, 0.3 to 8.0, 0.3 to 7.0, 0.3 to 6.0, 0.3 to 5.0, 0.3 to 4.0, 0.3 to 3.8, 0.3 to 3.5, 0.3 to 3.3, 0.3 to 3.2, 0.35 to 3.0, 0.35 to 2.8, or 0.35 to It could be 2.5 days.
- the polyester stretch film may have a heat shrinkage rate of 40% or more as expressed by the following formula 1-1.
- L 25 is the initial transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample at 25 °C
- L 80 is the transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample after immersion in hot water at 80°C for 10 seconds.
- the polyester stretched film may have a heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction represented by the above formula 1-1 of 40% or more, and more specifically, 42% or more, 44% or more, 46% or more, 48% or more, 50% or more, 52% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more.
- the heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction at 80° C. may be 40 to 70%, 41 to 65%, 42 to 60%, 43 to 60%, 44 to 58%, or 45 to 56%.
- the polyester stretch film may have a heat shrinkage rate of 50% or more as expressed by the following formula 1-2.
- L 25 is the initial transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample at 25 °C
- L 90 is the transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample after immersion in hot water at 90°C for 10 seconds.
- the polyester stretched film may have a heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction represented by the above formula 1-2 of 50% or more, and specifically, 51% or more, 52% or more, 54% or more, 56% or more, 60% or more, 63% or more, or 65% or more.
- the heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction at 90°C may be 50 to 80%, 51 to 80%, 52 to 80%, 53 to 79%, 54 to 79%, or 55 to 78%.
- the crystal fraction when applying a polyester label including the polyester stretch film to a plastic container, specifically a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container, the crystal fraction may be 30% or more.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a polyester stretched film including a polyester resin in which a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component are polymerized, wherein the polyester stretched film is first heat-treated at 70° C., pre-heat-treated at 160° C., and then cut into 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm pieces to obtain a polyester stretched film sample, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sample obtained by passing a PET container through a sieve having a diameter of 12.5 mm are mixed in a weight ratio of 97:3, heat-treated at 195° C. for 90 minutes, and then passed through the sieve to evaluate the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film, the crystallinity fraction represented by the following Equation 2 is 30% or more:
- the above F T is the ratio of the weight (S s ) of the sample passing through a 12.5 mm mesh sieve among the heat-treated mixed sample to the total weight (M T ) of the heat-treated mixed sample ((S s /M T ) ⁇ 100, %),
- the agglomerated sample remaining on the 12.5 mm mesh sieve among the above heat-treated mixed samples can be defined as a polyester stretch film sample (agglomerated sample) fused with the PET sample after heat treatment.
- a sample passing through a 12.5 mm mesh sieve is defined as a polyester stretch film sample separated from the PET sample after heat treatment.
- the crystalline fraction represented by the above formula 2 can be 40% or more, 45% or more, 47% or more, 50% or more, 52% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 67% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, or 100%.
- the above polyester stretched film sample can be cut after the first heat treatment and the pre-heat treatment. That is, the above polyester stretched film sample can be cut after the pre-heat treatment and before the second heat treatment.
- the crystallinity fraction represented by the above formula 2 can be an indicator for evaluating the degree of recyclability and recycling process efficiency.
- the recyclability and recycling process efficiency can be excellent.
- the polyester stretched film according to this embodiment has excellent heat shrinkability and high crystallinity, and thus can be usefully applied as a heat shrinkable film for packaging or labeling plastic containers.
- the polyester stretched film according to the present invention has a crystallinity similar to or equivalent to a plastic container (e.g., a PET bottle) having high crystallinity by undergoing the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment (or the second heat treatment after the pre-heat treatment) processes (specifically, has a crystallinity similar to or equivalent to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) component, which is a component of a PET bottle), and thus, in a recycling process of a waste plastic container after use, since fusion does not occur with the plastic container, the recycling process of the waste plastic container can be performed without undergoing a process of separating (removing) the polyester stretched film from the waste plastic container. Therefore, the present invention can increase the efficiency of the recycling process of a waste plastic container compared to the related art.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the polyester resin included in the polyester stretched film according to the present invention may be a polyester resin in which a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component are polymerized.
- the diol component may include two or more (specifically, three or more, four or more, or five or more) selected from the group consisting of bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate, isosorbide, ethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylmethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate, 4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylmethoxymethyl)cyclohexylmethanol, and recycled bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate.
- the diol component may include at least one (specifically, at least two, at least three, or at least four) selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol and, as a comonomer, bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate, isosorbide, cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylmethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate, 4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylmethoxymethyl)cyclohexylmethanol, and recycled bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate.
- at least one specifically, at least two, at least three, or at least four selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol and, as a comonomer, bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate, isosorbide, cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, 4-(
- the amount of these components used is not particularly limited, but based on the total weight of the diol component, the amount of the ethylene glycol used may be 10 to less than 100 wt%, 15 to 90 wt%, 20 to 85 wt%, 30 to 85 wt%, or 50 to 85 wt%, and the amount of the comonomer used may be greater than 0 to 90 wt%, greater than 0 to 85 wt%, 1 to 90 wt%, 1 to 50 wt%, 2 to 50 wt%, 10 to 85 wt%, 15 to 80 wt%, 15 to 70 wt%, or 15 to 50 wt%.
- the amount of diethylene glycol used may be 0 to 50 wt%, 1 to 50 wt%, 2 to 50 wt%, 3 to 45 wt%, 4 to 40 wt%, or 5 to 35 wt%, based on the total weight of the diol component.
- the polyester resin according to the present invention may contain a structural unit derived from diethylene glycol in an amount of 0 to 50 wt%, 1 to 50 wt%, 2 to 50 wt%, 3 to 45 wt%, 4 to 40 wt%, or 5 to 35 wt%, based on the total weight of the polyester resin.
- the dicarboxylic acid component may be a commonly known dicarboxylic acid component.
- the dicarboxylic acid component may include at least one selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, phthalic acid, dimethyl phthalate, phthalic anhydride, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, dimethyl 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, diphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate, dimethyl 1,3-cyclohexane dicarboxylate, sebacic acid, succinic acid, isodecylsuccinic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, regenerated
- the dicarboxylic acid component may include at least one selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, dimethyl phthalate, and dimethyl isophthalate.
- the polyester resin may have an intrinsic viscosity (IV) at 35° C. of 0.5 to 1.2 dl/g, specifically, 0.52 to 1.15 dl/g, 0.55 to 1.13 dl/g, 0.58 to 1.1 dl/g, 0.6 to 0.9 dl/g, 0.62 to 0.88 dl/g, 0.65 to 0.85 dl/g, 0.68 to 0.83 dl/g, or 0.7 to 0.8 dl/g.
- IV intrinsic viscosity
- a method for producing the above-described polyester stretch film is provided.
- a method for manufacturing a polyester stretched film comprises the steps of (S-1) polymerizing a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component to manufacture a polyester resin; (S-2) manufacturing a polyester stretched sheet from the polyester resin; and (S-3) heat-setting the stretched sheet, and when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) after the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment, the film exhibits a first melting temperature (T m1 ) and a second melting temperature (T m2 ), and a ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) may be 0.1 or more.
- a method for manufacturing a polyester stretched film comprises: a step (S-1) of manufacturing a polyester resin by polymerizing a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component; a step (S-2) of manufacturing a polyester stretched sheet from the polyester resin; And a step (S-3) of opening and fixing the stretched sheet, wherein the polyester stretched film is first heat-treated at 70° C., pre-heat-treated at 160° C., and then cut into 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm pieces to obtain a polyester stretched film sample, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sample obtained by passing a PET container through a sieve with a diameter of 12.5 mm, are mixed in a weight ratio of 97:3 and heat-treated at 195° C. for 90 minutes, and then the heat-treated mixed sample is passed through the sieve to evaluate the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film, the crystallinity fraction represented by the above formula 2 may be 30% or more.
- the above step (S-1) is a step of manufacturing a polyester resin (copolymer) by polymerizing a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component.
- the polymerization of the above diol component and the above dicarboxylic acid component can be carried out by a conventionally known method (e.g., liquid phase polymerization, solid phase polymerization, etc.), and a batch reactor or a continuous reactor can be used for the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization reaction can include an esterification reaction (esterification exchange reaction) that reacts the diol component and the dicarboxylic acid component to produce an oligomer, and a polycondensation reaction of the oligomer.
- the temperature at which the esterification reaction takes place is not particularly limited, but considering the properties of the polyester resin and the polyester stretched film, it may be 230 to 270°C, 235 to 268°C, 240 to 265°C, or 240 to 260°C.
- the time at which the esterification reaction takes place is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 24 hours, 2 to 22 hours, 3 to 20 hours, or 4 to 18 hours.
- the pressure at which the esterification reaction takes place is not particularly limited, but may be 0 to 5.0 kgf/cm 2 , 0.1 to 4.5 kgf/cm 2 , 0.1 to 4.0 kgf/cm 2 , or 0.1 to 3.0 kgf/cm 2 .
- the temperature at which the above polycondensation reaction takes place is not particularly limited, but considering the properties of the polyester resin and the polyester stretched film, it may be 245 to 290°C, 250 to 285°C, 255 to 280°C, or 255 to 270°C.
- the time at which the polycondensation reaction takes place is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 24 hours, 2 to 24 hours, 5 to 22 hours, or 7 to 20 hours.
- an additive including at least one selected from the group consisting of a catalyst, a stabilizer, a coloring agent, a crystallizer, an antioxidant, and a branching agent may be added to the polymerization reaction.
- the catalyst is not particularly limited, but specifically, methylates of sodium and magnesium; acetates, borates, fatty acid salts, or carbonates of Zn, Cd, Mn, Co, Ca, Ba; oxides or hydrates of Mg, Pb, Mn, Ti, Zn, Sb, Ge, etc. can be used.
- the catalyst can be tetraethyl titanate, acetyltripropyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate, 2-ethylhexyl titanate, octylene glycol titanate, triethanolamine titanate, acetylacetonate titanate, ethylacetoacetic ester titanate, isostearyl titanate, titanium dioxide, germanium dioxide, germanium tetrachloride, germanium ethylene glycol, germanium acetate, or a combination thereof.
- the coloring agent is not particularly limited, but organic compounds such as cobalt compounds, anthraquionone compounds, perinone compounds, azo compounds, and methine compounds can be used (e.g., cobalt acetate, cobalt propionate, Clarient's Polysynthren Blue RLS toner, Clarient's Solvaperm Red BB toner).
- organic compounds such as cobalt compounds, anthraquionone compounds, perinone compounds, azo compounds, and methine compounds can be used (e.g., cobalt acetate, cobalt propionate, Clarient's Polysynthren Blue RLS toner, Clarient's Solvaperm Red BB toner).
- the above crystallizer is not particularly limited, but a crystal nucleating agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a polyolefin resin, a polyamide resin, etc. can be used.
- the above antioxidant is not particularly limited, but hindered phenol compounds, phosphite compounds, thioether compounds, etc. can be used.
- the above branching agent is not particularly limited, but trimellitic anhydride, trimellitic propane, trimellitic acid, etc. can be used.
- the above step (S-2) is a step for manufacturing a polyester stretched sheet from the polyester resin obtained in the above step (S-1).
- the manufacturing of the stretched sheet can be carried out by a conventionally known method, and specifically, the stretched sheet can be manufactured through a melting and casting process of the polyester resin, a uniaxial or biaxial stretching process, and/or a heat setting process.
- the melting and casting process of the polyester resin can be performed through an extruder, and at this time, the melting temperature is not particularly limited, but can be 180 to 310°C, 200 to 310°C, 230 to 310°C, 240 to 300°C, or 250 to 290°C.
- the melting temperature is not particularly limited, but can be 180 to 310°C, 200 to 310°C, 230 to 310°C, 240 to 300°C, or 250 to 290°C.
- an unstretched sheet can be obtained, and the obtained unstretched sheet can be passed to a stretching process.
- the unstretched sheet can be preheated to a predetermined temperature (e.g., 90 to 120°C) before going through the stretching process.
- the above-described uniaxial or biaxial stretching process can be accomplished by stretching the unstretched sheet obtained through the above-described melting and casting process in the machine direction (MD), the transverse direction (TD), or both directions.
- the stretching in the machine direction can be accomplished at a stretching ratio of 1 to 5 times, or 1.1 to 4.5 times, at a temperature of 55 to 180° C., or 60 to 170° C.
- the stretching in the transverse direction can be accomplished at a stretching ratio of 1.5 to 6 times, or 2.5 to 5.5 times, at a temperature of 55 to 180° C., or 60 to 170° C.
- the polyester stretched film manufactured through this stretching process may have a heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction of 40% or more at 80°C, and more specifically, 42% or more, 44% or more, 46% or more, 48% or more, 50% or more, 52% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more.
- the heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction at 80°C may be 40 to 70%, 41 to 65%, 42 to 60%, 43 to 60%, 44 to 58%, or 45 to 56%.
- the manufactured polyester stretched film obtained through the above stretching process may have a heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction of 50% or more at 90°C, and specifically, may be 51% or more, 52% or more, 54% or more, 56% or more, 60% or more, 63% or more, or 65% or more.
- the heat shrinkage ratio in the main shrinkage direction at 90°C may be 50 to 80%, 51 to 80%, 52 to 80%, 53 to 79%, 54 to 79%, or 55 to 78%.
- the above step (S-3) is a step of heat-setting the stretched sheet obtained in the above step (S-2).
- the temperature at which the stretched sheet is heat-set is not particularly limited, but may be similar to the stretching process temperature or higher than the stretching process temperature.
- the heat-setting temperature may be 60 to 200°C, 65 to 190°C, 65 to 180°C, or 65 to 170°C.
- the heat-setting temperature is within the above range, a polyester stretched film with increased crystallinity and mechanical strength can be manufactured.
- the polyester stretch film may further include a heat treatment process.
- the heat treatment may be performed two or more times.
- the above step (S-4) is a step of first heat treating the polyester stretched film obtained in the above step (S-3).
- the above first heat treatment temperature is not particularly limited, but may be 60 to 105°C, and specifically, 62 to 104°C, 62 to 103°C, 65 to 102°C, 68 to 100°C, 70 to 100°C, 70 to 98°C, 70 to 97°C, or 70 to 96°C.
- the first heat treatment may be performed by a process of immersing the polyester stretch film manufactured in the step (S-3) in hot water having the temperature range for less than 1 minute, specifically less than 50 seconds, less than 40 seconds, less than 30 seconds, less than 20 seconds, specifically 5 to 60 seconds, 5 to 50 seconds, 5 to 40 seconds, 5 to 30 seconds, 5 to 20 seconds, or 5 to 15 seconds.
- the above step (S-5) is a step of secondarily heat-treating the polyester stretched film that was first heat-treated in the above step (S-4).
- the temperature of the second heat treatment is not particularly limited, but may be 140 to 220°C, and specifically, 141 to 219°C, 142 to 218°C, 143 to 217°C, 144 to 216°C, 145 to 215°C, 145 to 214°C, 146 to 213°C, or 150 to 210°C.
- the secondary heat treatment may be performed by placing the polyester stretch film that was first heat-treated in the step (S-4) into an oven and applying the temperature range described above for less than 4 hours, specifically, 200 minutes or less, 180 minutes or less, 150 minutes or less, 120 minutes or less, 100 minutes or less, for example, 10 to 200 minutes, 10 to 180 minutes, 20 to 150 minutes, 30 to 120 minutes, 40 to 120 minutes, 60 to 120 minutes, or 70 to 100 minutes.
- the step (S-5) may further include a step of pre-heat-treating the polyester stretched film that was first heat-treated in the step (S-4) before the second heat treatment.
- the second heat treatment can be performed after the first heat treatment is performed on the polyester stretched film.
- the above pre-heat treatment can be performed at the same or similar temperature range as the above secondary heat treatment.
- the pre-heat treatment temperature can be 140 to 220 °C, and specifically, 141 to 219 °C, 142 to 218 °C, 143 to 217 °C, 144 to 216 °C, 145 to 215 °C, 145 to 214 °C, 146 to 213 °C, or 150 to 210 °C for 1 to 30 minutes, 1 to 20 minutes, 5 to 30 minutes, 5 to 25 minutes, 5 to 20 minutes, 5 to 15 minutes, 6 to 25 minutes, 6 to 20 minutes, 6 to 15 minutes, or 6 to 13 minutes.
- the step (S-5) may include a step of pre-heat-treating the polyester stretched film that was first heat-treated in the step (S-4) at 140 to 220° C. for 1 to 30 minutes, then cooling it to room temperature for 1 to 30 minutes, and then secondarily heat-treating the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film again at 140 to 220° C. for 10 to 200 minutes.
- the step (S-5) may include a step of pre-heat-treating the polyester stretched film that was first heat-treated in the step (S-4) at 150 to 210° C. for 1 to 30 minutes, then cooling it to room temperature for 1 to 30 minutes, and then secondarily heat-treating the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film again at 150 to 210° C. for 10 to 180 minutes.
- the present invention can control crystallinity to be high while having excellent heat shrinkage rate by heat-treating a polyester stretched film obtained through the above stretching process.
- the polyester stretched film can shrink the polyester stretched film through the first heat treatment, and can improve the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film through the second heat treatment.
- the polyester stretched film shrunk by the first heat treatment can be crystallized, and the crystallinity of the polyester stretched film can be maximized to an optimal range through the second heat treatment, thereby further improving the efficiency of the recycling process.
- the heat treatment of the polyester stretched film is performed only once (once), the crystallinity of the film does not increase to the desired level. Therefore, it is preferable that the heat treatment of the polyester stretched film be performed multiple times (twice or more) including the first and second (twice) treatments, or the first, preliminary heat treatment, and the second treatment, as in the present invention.
- the polyester stretched film of the present invention manufactured through these steps exhibits a first melting temperature (T m1 ) and a second melting temperature (T m2 ) when analyzed by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) described above after the first heat treatment and after the second heat treatment, and the ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) satisfies a specific range, so that the film can have very high crystallinity and excellent heat shrinkage, heat resistance, and durability.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the heat treatment temperature and time of the first and second heat treatments are as described above.
- the crystallinity can be maximized.
- the recycling process of waste plastic containers can be performed without separating the polyester stretch film during the recycling process of used waste plastic containers (the waste plastic containers can be fed into the recycling process with the polyester stretch film bound to them). Accordingly, the present invention can increase the efficiency of the recycling process compared to the prior art.
- the present invention provides an article comprising a polyester stretch film.
- an article comprising a polyester stretched film including a polyester resin, wherein the polyester stretched film includes a polyester resin in which a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component are polymerized, and when analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) after a first heat treatment and a second heat treatment, the article exhibits a first melting temperature (T m1 ) and a second melting temperature (T m2 ), and a ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) is 0.1 or more.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the above article may include a polyester stretched film (polyester film) manufactured by subjecting the stretched film to the above-described first heat treatment and second heat treatment, or the first heat treatment, pre-heat treatment, and second heat treatment processes.
- polyester stretched film polyester film manufactured by subjecting the stretched film to the above-described first heat treatment and second heat treatment, or the first heat treatment, pre-heat treatment, and second heat treatment processes.
- the above article can be obtained by molding the polyester resin by a molding method such as extrusion or injection, and can be a film (or sheet) or a component used in the fields of automobiles, electricity, electronics, etc.
- the above-mentioned article may include labels, cap seals, or packaging materials for various containers such as plastic.
- terephthalic acid TPA, 7693.0 g
- isosorbide ISB, 96.7 g
- ethylene glycol EG, 2601.3 g
- 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol CHDM, 1557.1 g
- diethylene glycol DEG, 1213.7 g
- Ge catalyst Ge catalyst
- Ti catalyst Ti catalyst 1.0 g
- phosphoric acid 1.5 g
- blue toner (0.01 g)
- red toner 0.005 g
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 270°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- PA polycondensation reaction
- IV intrinsic viscosity
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 70° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 160° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled to room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 160° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- terephthalic acid TPA, 7663.2 g
- ethylene glycol EG, 3345.5 g
- 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol CHDM, 1255.7 g
- NPG neopentyl glycol
- DEG diethylene glycol
- a cyclohexanedimethanol derivative CHDM derivative, 247.4 g
- Ti catalyst 1.0 g
- blue toner 0.01 g
- red toner 0.01 g
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 285°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the reactants inside the polycondensation reactor reached 0.65 dl/g, the reactants were discharged outside the polycondensation reactor to be stranded, and this was solidified with a cooling liquid and then granulated to an average weight of about 12 to 14 mg, thereby manufacturing polyester resin (copolymer) chips.
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 90° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 175° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled to room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 175° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- regenerated bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate 1202.9 g
- terephthalic acid TPA, 7075.2 g
- ethylene glycol EG, 3488.9 g
- 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol CHDM, 1363.9 g
- diethylene glycol DEG, 1063.0 g
- Ti catalyst 1.0 g
- blue toner 0.02 g
- red toner (0.01 g
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 285°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the reactants inside the polycondensation reactor reached 0.70 dl/g, the reactants were discharged outside the polycondensation reactor to be stranded, and this was solidified with a cooling liquid and then granulated to an average weight of about 12 to 14 mg, thereby manufacturing polyester resin (copolymer) chips.
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 95° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 165° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled to room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 165° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- TPA Terephthalic acid
- ISOB isosorbide
- ethylene glycol EG, 4076.7 g
- 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol CHDM, 1139.1 g
- diethylene glycol DEG, 887.8 g
- Mn catalyst Mn(II) acetate tetrahydrate, 1.5 g
- Sb catalyst Sb2O3 , 1.8 g
- cobalt acetate cobalt acetate, 0.8 g
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 255°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- PA polycondensation reaction
- IV intrinsic viscosity
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 95° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 175° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled to room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 175° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- TPA Terephthalic acid
- EG ethylene glycol
- NPG neopentyl glycol
- Ge catalyst Ge catalyst
- Cobalt acetate 0.4 g
- blue toner 0.03 g
- red toner 0.01 g
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 285°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the reactants inside the polycondensation reactor reached 0.70 dl/g, the reactants were discharged outside the polycondensation reactor to be stranded, and this was solidified with a cooling liquid and then granulated to an average weight of about 12 to 14 mg, thereby manufacturing polyester resin (copolymer) chips.
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 95° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 160° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled to room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 160° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 270°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the reactants inside the polycondensation reactor reached 0.78 dl/g, the reactants were discharged outside the polycondensation reactor to be stranded, and this was solidified with a cooling liquid and then granulated to an average weight of about 12 to 14 mg, thereby manufacturing polyester resin (copolymer) chips.
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 100° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 210° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 210° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- the reactants were transferred to a polycondensation reactor, and the polycondensation reaction (PA) was performed at 275°C while maintaining the pressure of the polycondensation reactor lower than atmospheric pressure.
- PA polycondensation reaction
- IV intrinsic viscosity
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by being immersed in hot water at 80° C. for 10 seconds to shrink it.
- the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was stored in an oven at 170° C. for 10 minutes to perform a pre-heat treatment, and then cooled at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the pre-heat-treated polyester stretched film was then stored in an oven at 170° C. for 90 minutes to perform a second heat treatment.
- polyester resin chips were fed into an extruder and melt-extruded at a temperature of 180 to 310°C and cast at a temperature of 20 to 70°C to produce a polyester unstretched sheet. Then, the unstretched sheet was heated to 75 to 90°C and stretched only in the transverse direction (TD) at a stretch ratio of 5 times to produce a polyester stretched sheet.
- TD transverse direction
- a polyester stretch film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was manufactured by heat-setting the above polyester stretch sheet at 60 to 220°C.
- the polyester stretched film was subjected to a first heat treatment by immersing it in hot water at 110°C for 10 seconds. Then, the polyester stretched film subjected to the first heat treatment was subjected to a second heat treatment by storing it in an oven at 225°C for 30 minutes.
- each of the polyester stretched films after the first heat treatment, the pre-heat treatment, and the second heat treatment was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm whether a melting temperature (T m ) was observed, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1 (Example 6).
- DSC analysis of the polyester stretched film was performed as follows.
- DSC analysis device DSC 1 model from Mettler Toledo was used.
- Sample preparation About 6 to 10 mg of primary and secondary, or primary, pre-heat-treated and secondary heat-treated polyester oriented films were taken and filled into an aluminum pan.
- DSC curves were obtained by heating from room temperature to 280 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min and annealing at 280 °C for 3 minutes.
- the polyester stretched film of Example 6 showed an increase in the sum of the heat of fusion after the first heat treatment, the pre-heat treatment, and the second heat treatment, and in particular, it showed a number of melting temperatures that were increased after the second heat treatment compared to before the heat treatment. This shows that crystallization can be initiated due to the pre-heat treatment, and that the crystallinity can be further improved after the second heat treatment.
- Sample preparation The polyester stretch film was cut into 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm pieces and stored at room temperature (25 °C).
- Heat shrinkage at 80°C A polyester stretched film sample was immersed in hot water at 80°C for 10 seconds, and the change in length in the transverse direction (TD), which is the main shrinkage direction, was calculated by applying the following Equation 1-1.
- Heat shrinkage at 90°C A polyester stretched film sample was immersed in hot water at 90°C for 10 seconds, and the change in length in the transverse direction (TD), which is the main shrinkage direction, was calculated by applying the following Equation 1-2.
- L 25 is the initial transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample at 25 °C
- L 80 is the transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample after immersion in hot water at 80°C for 10 seconds.
- L 25 is the initial transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample at 25 °C
- L 90 is the transverse direction (TD) length of the polyester stretched film sample after immersion in hot water at 90°C for 10 seconds.
- Sample preparation The pre-heat-treated polyester stretched films obtained in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example 1 before the secondary heat treatment were cut into 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm pieces to prepare polyester stretched film samples (flakes).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the heat-treated mixed sample (mixed flake) was passed through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 12.5 mm to obtain an aggregated sample remaining on the sieve. This was defined as a polyester stretched film sample fused with a PET sample after heat treatment.
- the heat-treated mixed sample (mixed flake) was passed through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 12.5 mm to obtain a sample passed through the sieve. This was defined as a polyester stretched film sample separated from the PET sample after heat treatment.
- the above F T is the ratio of the weight (S s ) of the sample passing through a 12.5 mm mesh sieve among the heat-treated mixed sample to the total weight (M T ) of the heat-treated mixed sample ((S s /M T ) ⁇ 100, %),
- the above F m is the ratio of the weight (C s ) of the agglomerated sample remaining on a 12.5 mm mesh sieve among the heat-treated mixed sample to the total weight (M T ) of the heat-treated mixed sample ((C s /M T ) ⁇ 100, %).
- the polyester stretched films of Examples 1 to 8 which have two or more melting temperatures (T m1 , T m2-p, T m2 ) as in the present invention, and wherein the ratio (H 2 /H 1 ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the first heat of fusion (H 1 ) at the first melting temperature (T m1 ) and the ratio (H 2 /H 2-p ) of the second heat of fusion (H 2 ) at the second melting temperature (T m2 ) to the second-p heat of fusion (H 2 -p ) at the second-p melting temperature (T m2-p ) satisfy specific ranges, have a high heat shrinkage rate at each temperature and an improved crystallinity fraction, thereby ensuring recyclability.
- polyester stretch film of Comparative Example 1 having a melting temperature of 1 was confirmed to have a significantly reduced crystallinity fraction of 27%.
- the polyester stretched film of Example 8 which has a low usage amount of a comonomer (e.g., diethylene glycol), has a somewhat lower heat shrinkage rate.
- a comonomer e.g., diethylene glycol
- the polyester stretch film according to the present invention can be usefully used as a heat shrinkable film applied as a packaging and/or label for a plastic container.
- the polyester stretch film according to the present invention enables recycling of waste plastic containers (waste plastic containers can be fed into the recycling process with the polyester stretch film bound to them) without separating the polyester stretch film due to its high crystallinity, thereby increasing the efficiency of the recycling process compared to the conventional method.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 디올 성분 및 디카르복실산 성분이 중합된 폴리에스테르 수지를 포함하고,1차 열처리 및 2차 열처리 후, 시차 주사 열량분석법(DSC)으로 분석 시, 제1 용융 온도(Tm1) 및 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)를 나타내며,상기 제1 용융 온도(Tm1)에서의 제1 융해열(H1)에 대한 상기 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)에서의 제2 융해열(H2)의 비율(H2/H1)이 0.1 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 폴리에스테르 연신 필름을 상기 1차 열처리 후, 상기 2차 열처리 전에 사전 열처리 한 후, 시차 주사 열량분석법(DSC)으로 분석 시 제2-p 용융 온도(Tm2-p)를 나타내며,상기 제2-p 용융 온도(Tm2-p)에서의 제2-p 융해열(H2-p)에 대한 상기 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)에서의 제2 융해열(H2)의 비율(H2/H2-p)이 0.1 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 1차 열처리 후 1개 이상의 제1 용융 온도(Tm1)를 나타내며, 전체 융해열의 총 합(H1T)이 1.0 J/g 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 2차 열처리 후 1개 이상의 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)를 나타내며, 전체 융해열의 총 합(H2T)이 1.0 J/g 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 2차 열처리 후 전체 융해열의 총 합(H2T)에 대한 상기 1차 열처리 후 전체 융해열의 총 합(H1T)의 비율(H1T/H2T)이 0.1 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 2차 열처리 후, 상기 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)가 150 ℃ 내지 230 ℃이며, 결정성을 갖는, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 디올 성분 및 디카르복실산 성분이 중합된 폴리에스테르 수지를 포함하는 폴리에스테르 연신 필름으로서,상기 폴리에스테르 연신 필름을 70 ℃에서 1차 열처리하고, 160 ℃에서 사전 열처리한 후, 1 cm × 1 cm로 재단하여 얻은 폴리에스테르 연신 필름 샘플, 및 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트(PET) 용기를 직경 12.5 mm 메쉬(mesh) 체(sieve)에 통과시켜 얻은 PET 샘플을 97:3 중량비로 혼합하고 195 ℃에서 90분간 열처리한 후, 상기 열처리된 혼합 샘플을 상기 체에 통과시켜 상기 폴리에스테르 연신 필름의 결정성을 평가할 때, 하기 식 2로 표시되는 결정성 분율이 30 % 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름:[식 2]결정성 분율(%) = (FT / Fm)×100상기 식 2에서,상기 FT는 상기 열처리된 혼합 샘플의 전체 중량(MT)에 대한 상기 열처리된 혼합 샘플 중 12.5 mm 메쉬(mesh) 체(sieve)에 통과한 샘플의 중량(Ss)의 비율((Ss/MT) × 100, %)이고,상기 Fm은 상기 열처리된 혼합 샘플의 전체 중량(MT)에 대한 상기 열처리된 혼합 샘플 중 12.5 mm 메쉬(mesh) 체(sieve)에 남아있는 응집된 샘플의 중량(Cs)의 비율((Cs/MT) × 100, %)이다.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 디올 성분이 비스-2-하이드록시에틸테레프탈레이트, 아이소소바이드, 네오펜틸글리콜, 에틸렌글리콜, 사이클로헥산디메탄올, 1,2-프로판디올, 1,3-프로판디올, 2-메틸-1,3-프로판디올, 2-메틸렌-1,3-프로판디올, 2-에틸-1,3-프로판디올, 2-이소프로필-1,3-프로판디올, 2,2-디메틸-1,3-프로판디올, 1,4-부탄디올, 2,3-부탄디올, 3-메틸-1,5-펜탄디올, 3-메틸-2,4-펜탄디올, 1,6-헥산디올, 1,2-사이클로헥산디올, 1,4-사이클로헥산디올, 디에틸렌글리콜, 4-(하이드록시메틸)사이클로헥실메틸 4-(하이드록시메틸)사이클로헥산카르복실레이트, 4-(4-(하이드록시메틸)사이클로헥실메톡시메틸)사이클로헥실메탄올, 재생 사이클로헥산디메탄올, 재생 에틸렌글리콜, 재생 비스-2-하이드록시에틸테레프탈레이트 및 재생 디에틸렌글리콜로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 디카르복실산 성분이 이소프탈산, 테레프탈산, 디메틸 이소프탈레이트, 프탈산, 디메틸 프탈레이트, 프탈산 무수물, 2,6-나프탈렌 디카르복실산, 디메틸 2,6-나프탈렌 디카르복실레이트, 디페닐 디카르복실산, 1,4-사이클로헥산 디카르복실산, 1,3-사이클로헥산 디카르복실산, 디메틸 1,4-사이클로헥산 디카르복실레이트, 디메틸 1,3-사이클로헥산 디카르복실레이트, 세바식산, 숙신산, 이소데실숙신산, 말레산, 말레산 무수물, 푸마르산, 아디프산, 글루타릭산 아젤라산, 재생 이소프탈산, 재생 테레프탈산, 재생 디메틸 이소프탈레이트 및 재생 디메틸 프탈레이트로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 폴리에스테르 수지의 고유 점도(IV)가 0.5 내지 1.2 dl/g인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름.
- 디올 성분 및 디카르복실산 성분을 중합하여 폴리에스테르 수지를 제조하는 단계;상기 폴리에스테르 수지로부터 폴리에스테르 연신 시트를 제조하는 단계; 및상기 연신 시트를 열고정하는 단계를 포함하고,1차 열처리 및 2차 열처리 후, 시차 주사 열량분석법(DSC)으로 분석 시, 제1 용융 온도(Tm1) 및 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)를 나타내며,상기 제1 용융 온도(Tm1)에서의 제1 융해열(H1)에 대한 상기 제2 용융 온도(Tm2)에서의 제2 융해열(H2)의 비율(H2/H1)이 0.1 이상인, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 1차 열처리가 60 내지 105 ℃에서 1분 이내에 수행되는, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 2차 열처리가 140 내지 220 ℃에서 4시간 이내에 수행되는, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름의 제조방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 2차 열처리는 상기 1차 열처리된 폴리에스테르 연신 필름을 140 내지 220 ℃에서 1분 내지 30분 동안 사전 열처리한 후 수행되는, 폴리에스테르 연신 필름의 제조방법.
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| CN202480036792.XA CN121219348A (zh) | 2023-05-31 | 2024-05-28 | 定向聚酯膜及其制造方法 |
| EP24815839.6A EP4722279A1 (en) | 2023-05-31 | 2024-05-28 | Oriented polyester film and manufacturing method therefor |
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| KR1020230070188A KR20240171801A (ko) | 2023-05-31 | 2023-05-31 | 폴리에스테르 연신 필름 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| KR (1) | KR20240171801A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN121219348A (ko) |
| TW (1) | TW202502923A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024248463A1 (ko) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090062882A (ko) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-17 | 도레이새한 주식회사 | 열수축성 적층필름 및 이를 기재로 이용한 열수축성 라벨 |
| KR20110109533A (ko) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | 웅진케미칼 주식회사 | 폐폴리에스테르를 이용한 재생 폴리에스테르 단섬유 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20120082153A (ko) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-23 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 저열수축 보호필름 |
| US20150175756A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-06-25 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Heat-shrinkable polyester-based film |
| KR20210008511A (ko) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-01-22 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | 보강된 폴리에스테르 구조 부품 |
| KR20210052313A (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-10 | 에스케이씨 주식회사 | 폴리에스테르 필름, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 이용한 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트 용기의 재생 방법 |
-
2023
- 2023-05-31 KR KR1020230070188A patent/KR20240171801A/ko active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-05-28 WO PCT/KR2024/007248 patent/WO2024248463A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2024-05-28 CN CN202480036792.XA patent/CN121219348A/zh active Pending
- 2024-05-28 EP EP24815839.6A patent/EP4722279A1/en active Pending
- 2024-05-30 TW TW113120019A patent/TW202502923A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090062882A (ko) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-17 | 도레이새한 주식회사 | 열수축성 적층필름 및 이를 기재로 이용한 열수축성 라벨 |
| KR20110109533A (ko) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | 웅진케미칼 주식회사 | 폐폴리에스테르를 이용한 재생 폴리에스테르 단섬유 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20120082153A (ko) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-23 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 저열수축 보호필름 |
| US20150175756A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-06-25 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Heat-shrinkable polyester-based film |
| KR20210008511A (ko) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-01-22 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | 보강된 폴리에스테르 구조 부품 |
| KR20210052313A (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-10 | 에스케이씨 주식회사 | 폴리에스테르 필름, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 이용한 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트 용기의 재생 방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121219348A (zh) | 2025-12-26 |
| EP4722279A1 (en) | 2026-04-08 |
| TW202502923A (zh) | 2025-01-16 |
| KR20240171801A (ko) | 2024-12-09 |
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