Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
  • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
  • A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
  • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
  • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
  • A61L27/06—Titanium or titanium alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
  • A61L2430/12—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for dental implants or prostheses

Definitions

• This disclosure relates to titanium materials, medical components, dental implant components, and capsules for storing diamond sensors.
• Titanium materials have a high specific strength and have been used in fields such as the aerospace and automotive industries. In addition, because of their excellent biocompatibility, there is growing demand for them as biomedical metal materials for dental implants and other uses.
• titanium exists in three phases: alpha titanium, which has an alpha phase ( ⁇ in Figure 1) crystal structure; beta titanium, which has a beta phase ( ⁇ in Figure 1) crystal structure; and omega titanium, which has an omega phase ( ⁇ in Figure 1) crystal structure.
• Alpha titanium is the stable phase at room temperature and pressure, and has a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure.
• Beta titanium is the stable phase at higher temperatures, and has a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure.
• Omega titanium is a metastable transition phase that occurs when alpha titanium is crystallized from beta titanium, and has a simple hexagonal crystal structure.
• Patent Document 1 discloses a titanium material with high strength that contains a mixture of ⁇ -phase and ⁇ -phase at room temperature and pressure.
• the titanium material of the present disclosure is A titanium material containing 91% by mass or more of titanium,
• the titanium material has an electrical resistivity ⁇ m and a content c mass % of components other than titanium in the titanium material, which satisfy the relationship of the following formula I. ⁇ >0.16c+0.56 Formula I
• c is 0 to 9, inclusive, and is a titanium material.
• FIG. 1 is a temperature-pressure phase diagram of titanium.
• FIG. 2 is a coordinate system showing the relationship between the tensile strength ⁇ B and the fracture elongation ⁇ of a conventional titanium material and the titanium material of the first embodiment.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high-pressure cell of an ultra-high pressure, high temperature generating apparatus used in the production of the titanium material of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 4 is a coordinate system showing the relationship between the electrical resistivity ⁇ of the titanium material of each sample of the examples and the content c of components other than titanium in the titanium material.
• An implant made of titanium material is embedded in bone, and osteoblasts adhere to the surface of the implant and grow thereon, bonding the implant to the bone.
• the rougher the implant surface the easier it is for osteoblasts to adhere.
• Anodizing is one technique for roughening the surface of a titanium implant. In anodizing, the implant is immersed in an electrolyte and electrolyzed using the electrolyte as the anode to thicken the titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) film on the surface of the implant.
• Controlling the surface shape of the titanium oxide film improves adhesion between the titanium oxide film and osteoblasts.
• the higher the electrical resistivity of the material used as the anode the easier it tends to be to control the surface shape. For this reason, there is a demand for titanium materials with high electrical resistivity.
• the present disclosure therefore aims to provide a titanium material with high electrical resistivity, as well as medical devices, dental implant components, and capsules for storing diamond sensors that contain the titanium material.
• the titanium material of the present disclosure is A titanium material containing 91% by mass or more of titanium,
• the electrical resistivity ⁇ m of the titanium material and the content c mass% of components other than titanium of the titanium material satisfy the following formula I: ⁇ >0.16c+0.56 Formula I
• c is 0 to 9, inclusive, and is a titanium material.
• the titanium material of the present disclosure can have a high electrical resistivity.
• “the titanium material has a high electrical resistivity” means that the electrical resistivity of the titanium material of the present disclosure is higher than the electrical resistivity of a conventional titanium material having the same titanium content and in which the titanium is alpha titanium.
• the titanium material may contain 49% by mass or more of titanium having an omega phase crystal structure. This allows the titanium material to have excellent strength and ductility.
• the titanium material may contain 98.8% by mass or more of titanium. This improves the biocompatibility of the titanium material.
• the tensile strength ⁇ B MPa of the titanium material and the breaking elongation ⁇ % of the titanium material may have the relationship represented by the following formula II. ⁇ B ⁇ 1600 ⁇ 30 ⁇ Formula II In the above formula II, ⁇ B ⁇ 400 and ⁇ 20.
• the average grain size of the crystal grains constituting the titanium material may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less. This allows the titanium material to have high strength and high ductility.
• the Vickers hardness of the titanium material may be 200 Hv or more. This allows the titanium material to have high hardness.
• the heat resistance temperature of the titanium material may be 100°C or higher. This allows the titanium material to maintain high strength even at high temperatures of 100°C or higher.
• the volume of the titanium material may be 0.001 mm3 or more.
• the titanium material has a sufficient size as a biomedical metal material, and can be used for various applications such as dental implant components and artificial joints. It can also be suitably used as a material for capsules for storing diamond sensors.
• the titanium material contains 98.8 mass% or more of titanium, the titanium material contains at least one impurity element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and iron;
• the titanium material may have a total content of titanium and impurity elements of 99.99% by mass or more, which allows the titanium material to have excellent biocompatibility.
• the ratio D90/D10 of the cumulative 90% particle diameter D90 from the small diameter side to the cumulative 10% particle diameter D10 from the small diameter side in the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution of the crystal grains constituting the titanium material may be 5 or more and 1000 or less. This homogenizes the strength and ductility of the titanium material, allowing the titanium material to have high strength and high ductility.
• the medical device of the present disclosure is a medical device that contains any one of the titanium materials (1) to (10) above.
• the medical device of the present disclosure can have high electrical resistivity.
• the dental implant component of the present disclosure is a dental implant component containing any one of the titanium materials (1) to (10) above.
• the dental implant component of the present disclosure can have high electrical resistivity.
• the capsule for storing a diamond sensor of the present disclosure is a capsule for storing a diamond sensor that contains any one of the titanium materials (1) to (10) above.
• the capsule for storing a diamond sensor of the present disclosure can have high electrical resistivity.
• a ⁇ B means the upper and lower limits of a range (i.e., greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B). If no unit is stated for A and only a unit is stated for B, the units of A and B are the same.
• any one numerical value listed as the lower limit and any one numerical value listed as the upper limit is also considered to be disclosed.
• a1 or more, b1 or more, and c1 or more are listed as the lower limit and a2 or less, b2 or less, and c2 or less are listed as the upper limit, a1 or more and a2 or less, a1 or more and b2 or less, a1 or more and c2 or less, b1 or more and a2 or less, b1 or more and b2 or less, b1 or more and c2 or less, c1 or more and a2 or less, c1 or more and b2 or less, and c1 or more and c2 or less are considered to be disclosed.
• Embodiment 1 Titanium material
• the titanium material according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter also referred to as “embodiment 1”) is A titanium material containing 91% by mass or more of titanium,
• the electrical resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ m) of a titanium material and the content c (mass%) of components other than titanium in the titanium material are related by the following formula I: ⁇ >0.16c+0.56 Formula I
• c is 0 to 9, inclusive, and is a titanium material.
• the titanium material of embodiment 1 has a high electrical resistivity.
• the slope is 0.16. This indicates that the electrical resistivity of the titanium material tends to increase as the content c of components other than titanium in the titanium material increases.
• the electrical resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ m) of a titanium material and the content c (mass%) of components other than titanium in the titanium material can show the relationship of the following formula IA or the following formula IB. ⁇ >0.16c+0.62 Formula I-A ⁇ >0.16c+0.68 Formula I-B In the above formulas IA and IB, c is 0 or more and 9 or less. Titanium materials satisfying formula IA or formula IB above can have even higher electrical resistivity.
• the titanium material of the first embodiment contains titanium at 91% by mass or more.
• the lower limit of the titanium content of the titanium material may be 93% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, 98% by mass or more, 98.8% by mass or more, 98.80% by mass or more, 98.90% by mass or more, 98.955% by mass or more, 98.96% by mass or more, 99.0% by mass or more, 99.20% by mass or more, 99.205% by mass or more, 99.30% by mass or more, 99.325% by mass or more, 99.40% by mass or more, 99.495% by mass or more, 99.99% by mass or more, or 99.999% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of improving biocompatibility.
• the upper limit of the titanium content of the titanium material may be 100% by mass or less.
• the titanium material may be composed of 100% titanium by weight.
• the titanium content of the titanium material may be 91% to 100% by weight, 93% to 100% by weight, 95% to 100% by weight, 98% to 100% by weight, 98.8% to 100% by weight, 98.955% to 100% by weight, 99.0% to 100% by weight, 99.205% to 100% by weight, 99.325% to 100% by weight, 99.495% to 100% by weight, or 99.999% to 100% by weight.
• the upper limit of the titanium content in the titanium material of embodiment 1 may be, for example, 99.9999 mass% or less, or 99.999 mass% or less, taking into account inevitable impurities.
• the titanium content of the titanium material may be 91% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 93% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 95% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 98% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 98.8% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 98.955% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 99.0% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 99.205% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 99.325% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 99.495% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, or 99.9990% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less.
• the content c of components other than titanium in the titanium material of embodiment 1 is 0% by mass or more and 9% by mass or less.
• components other than titanium include common transition metal elements (scandium (Sc), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), etc.) and inevitable impurities such as hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O).
• the method for measuring the content c of components other than titanium in a titanium material is as follows. ICP analysis (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) is performed on the titanium material to measure the total content c1 (mass%) of all metal elements other than titanium in the titanium material (Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, etc.). SIMS analysis (secondary ion mass spectrometry) is performed on the titanium material to measure the total content c2 (mass%) of all elements other than metal elements in the titanium material (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), etc.).
• the sum of the total content c1 and the total content c2 corresponds to the content c of components other than titanium in the titanium material.
• the method for measuring the titanium content of a titanium material is to measure the content c of components other than titanium using the method described above, and then subtract the content c of components other than titanium from the titanium material, assuming it to be 100% by mass.
• the titanium material contains 98.8% by mass or more of titanium, and the titanium material contains at least one impurity element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and iron, and the total content of titanium and impurity elements in the titanium material may be 99.99% by mass or more.
• the titanium material does not contain components that are harmful to living organisms, such as vanadium (V) and aluminum (Al), which are contained in conventional titanium alloys, or if they do contain such components, they are in very small amounts, and therefore can have excellent biocompatibility.
• the total content of titanium and the above impurity elements in the titanium material may be 99.99% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, or 99.999% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, or may be 100% by mass.
• the lower limit of the electrical resistivity ⁇ of the titanium material of embodiment 1 is more than 0.56 ⁇ m, and may be 0.60 ⁇ m or more, 0.70 ⁇ m or more, 0.78 ⁇ m or more, 0.80 ⁇ m or more, 0.82 ⁇ m or more, 0.85 ⁇ m or more, 0.90 ⁇ m or more, 0.95 ⁇ m or more, 0.98 ⁇ m or more, 1.00 ⁇ m or more, or 1.50 ⁇ m or more.
• the upper limit of the electrical resistivity ⁇ of the titanium material of embodiment 1 is 2.00 ⁇ m or less.
• the electrical resistivity ⁇ of the titanium material is greater than 0.56 ⁇ m and not greater than 2.00 ⁇ m, and may be 0.78 ⁇ m or more and 2.00 ⁇ m or less, 0.82 ⁇ m or more and 2.00 ⁇ m or less, 0.90 ⁇ m or more and 2.00 ⁇ m or less, or 1.00 ⁇ m or more and 2.00 ⁇ m or less.
• the method for measuring the electrical resistivity of titanium material is as follows.
• the shape of the measurement samples is standardized to a cylindrical shape with a diameter of approximately 8 mm and a height of approximately 10 mm.
• the electrical conductivity (MS/m) of the measurement sample is measured using an eddy current portable electrical conductivity meter ("SIGMATEST" (trademark) from Japan Foerster Co., Ltd.).
• SIGMATEST eddy current portable electrical conductivity meter
• the measurement is performed on the top surface of the cylinder.
• the measurement is performed five times, and the average electrical conductivity obtained from each measurement (average of the five electrical conductivities) is calculated.
• the electrical resistivity ( ⁇ m) is obtained from the reciprocal of the average electrical conductivity (MS/m). It has been confirmed that the electrical conductivity of the same measurement sample is measured five or more times, and there is almost no variation in the measurement results (for example, within 5%).
• the titanium material of the first embodiment can contain 49 mass % or more of titanium having an omega phase crystal structure, which allows the titanium material to have excellent strength and ductility.
• omega titanium Previously, the presence of omega titanium at room temperature and pressure was confirmed as a trace precipitation of nanoparticles in the alpha titanium phase during the manufacturing process of alpha pure titanium, which contains approximately 99% by mass or more of alpha titanium. Omega titanium weakens alpha pure titanium. Therefore, it was previously thought to be preferable to reduce the content of omega titanium in alpha pure titanium.
• the inventors working from a completely opposite perspective to the conventional technical idea of reducing the omega titanium content in alpha pure titanium, have, through trial and error, created a titanium material containing 49% or more by mass of omega titanium. It has been confirmed that titanium material containing 49% or more by mass of omega titanium has excellent strength and ductility.
• the lower limit of the content of titanium having an omega phase crystal structure in a titanium material may be 49 mass% or more, 50 mass% or more, 55 mass% or more, 60 mass% or more, 65 mass% or more, 70 mass% or more, 75 mass% or more, 80 mass% or more, 85 mass% or more, 90 mass% or more, 95 mass% or more, 98.8 mass% or more, 98.955 mass% or more, 99 mass% or more, 99.2 mass% or more, 99.205 mass% or more, 99.325 mass% or more, 99.495 mass% or more, 99.5 mass% or more, or 99.999 mass% or more, from the viewpoint of improving strength and ductility.
• the upper limit of the omega titanium content of the titanium material may be up to 100% by weight.
• the titanium material may also consist of 100% by weight of omega titanium.
• the omega titanium content of the titanium material may be 49% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 55% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 60% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 65% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 75% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 80% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 85% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less and 100% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less and 100% by mass or less, 98.8% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 99% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, 99.2% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, or 99.999% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.
• the upper limit of the omega titanium content of the titanium material of embodiment 1, taking into account inevitable impurities, can be, for example, 99.9999 mass% or less.
• the omega titanium content of the titanium material may be 49 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 50 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 55 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 60 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 65 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 70 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 75 mass% or more and 99.9999 mass% or less, 80 mass% or more and 99.
• It may be 9999% by mass or less, 85% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 90% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 95% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 98.8% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 99% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, 99.2% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less, or 99.9990% by mass or more and 99.9999% by mass or less.
• the titanium material of embodiment 1 may contain, in addition to omega titanium, one or both of alpha titanium and beta titanium, within the scope of the effects of the present disclosure.
• the total content of alpha titanium and beta titanium in the titanium material may be the titanium content of the titanium material minus the omega titanium content.
• the mass percentage of omega titanium to the total of alpha titanium, beta titanium and omega titanium may be 50% or more and 100% or less, 55% or more and 100% or less, 60% or more and 100% or less, 65% or more and 100% or less, 70% or more and 100% or less, 75% or more and 100% or less, 80% or more and 100% or less, 85% or more and 100% or less, 90% or less and 100% or less, 95% or less and 100% or less, 98.8% or more and 100% or less, 99% or more and 100% or less, 99.2% or more and 100% or less, 99.999% or more and 100% or less, or 100%.
• the percentage by mass of omega titanium to the sum of alpha titanium, beta titanium and omega titanium corresponds to the percentage by mass of omega titanium of titanium.
• the omega titanium content (mass%) of a titanium material is measured using the following procedure. First, the content c of components other than titanium in the titanium material is measured using ICP analysis and SIMS analysis. The titanium material is taken as 100 mass%, and the content c of components other than titanium is subtracted from this to obtain the titanium content (mass%) of the titanium material. Next, X-ray diffraction measurements are performed on the titanium material to obtain an X-ray diffraction spectrum.
• An example of an apparatus used for the X-ray diffraction measurement is "MiniFlex" (trademark) manufactured by Rigaku Corp.
• the conditions for the X-ray diffraction measurement are as follows. ⁇ X-ray diffraction measurement conditions> Characteristic X-ray: Cu-K ⁇ (wavelength 1.54 ⁇ ) Filter: Multilayer mirror Optical system: Focusing method X-ray diffraction method: ⁇ -2 ⁇ method Temperature during measurement: 25°C
• the intensities of omega titanium, alpha titanium, and beta titanium are measured.
• the mass-based percentage (%) of omega titanium of titanium is obtained by calculating the ratio I ⁇ /(I ⁇ + I ⁇ + I ⁇ ) of intensity I ⁇ to the sum of intensity I ⁇ , intensity I ⁇ , and intensity I ⁇ .
• the mass-based percentage (%) of omega titanium of titanium is calculated based on the mass-based percentage (%) of titanium of the titanium material and the mass-based percentage (%) of omega titanium of titanium.
• the tensile strength ⁇ B MPa and the breaking elongation ⁇ % of the titanium material can show the relationship of the following formula II. ⁇ B ⁇ 1600 ⁇ 30 ⁇ Formula II In the above formula II, ⁇ B ⁇ 400 and ⁇ 20.
• FIG. 2 is a coordinate system showing the relationship between the tensile strength ⁇ B and the fracture elongation ⁇ of titanium materials.
• the X-axis shows the tensile strength ⁇ B (MPa)
• the Y-axis shows the fracture elongation ⁇ (%).
• Tensile strength is one of the indicators of the strength of a material, and the larger the value, the higher the strength.
• Fracture elongation is one of the indicators of the ductility of a material, and the larger the value, the higher the ductility.
• JIS-1 to JIS-4 refer to commercially pure titanium as described in JIS H 4600:2012 "Titanium and titanium alloys - Plate and strip.” Specifically, JIS-1 refers to JIS H 4600 Type 1, JIS-2 refers to JIS H 4600 Type 2, JIS-3 refers to JIS H 4600 Type 3, and JIS-4 refers to JIS H 4600 Type 4. JIS-1 to JIS-4 have a titanium content of approximately 99% by mass or more and have an alpha phase crystal structure. Hereinafter, pure titanium with an alpha phase crystal structure will also be referred to as alpha pure titanium.
• the region that shows the relationship of formula II above is the shaded region.
• the shaded region has high ductility with a breaking elongation of 20% or more, and high strength with a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more.
• Titanium materials that satisfy the relationship of formula II above have high strength and high ductility.
• Alpha pure titanium, a conventional titanium material has high breaking elongation (hereinafter also referred to as ductility), but low tensile strength (hereinafter also referred to as strength), and does not satisfy the relationship of formula II above.
• the tensile strength ⁇ B MPa and the breaking elongation ⁇ % of a titanium material can show the relationship of the following formula II-A or the following formula II-B. ⁇ B>1875-30 ⁇ Formula II-A ⁇ B>1900-30 ⁇ Formula II-B In the above formula II-A and formula II-B, ⁇ B ⁇ 400 and ⁇ 20. Titanium materials that satisfy the relationship of Formula II-A or Formula II-B above can have even higher strength and higher ductility.
• the lower limit of the tensile strength ⁇ B of the titanium material of the first embodiment can be 400 MPa or more. From the viewpoint of ensuring excellent strength, the lower limit of the tensile strength ⁇ B of the titanium material may be 500 MPa or more, 600 MPa or more, or 800 MPa or more.
• the upper limit of the tensile strength ⁇ B of the titanium material is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, less than 1550 MPa.
• the tensile strength ⁇ B of the titanium material may be 400 MPa or more and less than 1550 MPa, 500 MPa or more and less than 1550 MPa, 600 MPa or more and less than 1550 MPa, or 800 MPa or more and less than 1550 MPa.
• the tensile strength ⁇ B of titanium material is measured in accordance with JIS Z 2241:2011 "Method of tensile testing of metallic materials.”
• the test temperature is 23°C ⁇ 5°C.
• the fracture elongation ⁇ of the titanium material of the first embodiment can be 20% or more.
• the lower limit of the fracture elongation ⁇ of the titanium material may be 25% or more, 30% or more, or 35% or more, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent ductility.
• the upper limit of the fracture elongation ⁇ of the titanium material may be, for example, 50% or less, or 45% or less.
• the fracture elongation ⁇ of the titanium material may be 20% or more and 50% or less, 25% or more and 50% or less, 30% or more and 50% or less, 35% or more and 50% or less, 20% or more and 45% or less, 25% or more and 45% or less, or 30% or more and 45% or less.
• the fracture elongation ⁇ of titanium materials is measured in accordance with JIS Z 2241:2011 "Method of tensile testing of metallic materials.”
• the test temperature is 23°C ⁇ 5°C.
• the average grain size of the crystal grains constituting the titanium material of the first embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as the "average grain size of the titanium material”) can be set to 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, thereby further improving the strength and ductility of the titanium material.
• the lower limit of the average particle size of the titanium material may be 1 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of improving strength.
• the upper limit of the average particle size of the titanium material may be 1000 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, 100 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent strength.
• the average particle size of the titanium material may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, 5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, or 20 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
• the average grain size of the titanium material is measured by a cut-off method.
• the specific measurement method is as follows: The surface of the titanium material is polished with SiC polishing paper and Al2O3 lapping film . The polished surface is imaged with an optical microscope at a magnification of 100 times to obtain an optical microscope image.
• a circle with a diameter of 50 mm is drawn on the optical microscope image, and eight straight lines are drawn radially from the center of the circle to the circumference, and the number of times the straight lines cross grain boundaries within the circle is counted.
• the average intercept length is then calculated by dividing the length of the straight lines by the number of crossings, and the average intercept length is multiplied by 1.128, the conversion coefficient for two-dimensional grain size, to obtain the average grain size.
• the above measurements are performed at three locations on one measurement sample, and the average value of the average particle size at the three locations is regarded as the average particle size of the titanium material in this disclosure.
• the grain size of the crystal grains that make up the titanium material preferably varies little from the viewpoint of homogenizing strength and ductility.
• the ratio D90/D10 of the cumulative 90% particle size D90 from the small diameter side to the cumulative 10% particle size D10 from the small diameter side may be 5 or more and 1000 or less, or 10 or more and 1000 or less. The smaller the value of D90/D10, the smaller the variation in grain size of the crystal grains.
• the grain size of each crystal grain for calculating the above D90/D10 is obtained by performing image processing using commercially available image analysis software on an optical microscope image taken under the same conditions as the above cutting method, and measuring the circle equivalent diameter of each crystal grain.
• a measurement field of view of 50 mm x 50 mm is set in the optical microscope image, and a volume-based cumulative grain size distribution is created based on all the crystal grains observed in the measurement field. D90/D10 is calculated based on this cumulative grain size distribution.
• the Vickers hardness of the titanium material of the first embodiment can be 200 Hv or more. This provides the titanium material with excellent hardness and improved wear resistance.
• the lower limit of the Vickers hardness of the titanium material may be 200 Hv or more, or 220 Hv or more, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent hardness.
• the upper limit of the Vickers hardness of the titanium material is preferably as high as possible, so is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 400 Hv or less.
• the Vickers hardness of the titanium material may be 200 Hv or more and 400 Hv or less, or 220 Hv or more and 400 Hv or less.
• the Vickers hardness of titanium materials is measured in accordance with JIS Z 2244:2009 "Vickers hardness test - Test method.”
• the test temperature is 23°C ⁇ 5°C.
• the heat resistance temperature of the titanium material of the first embodiment can be set to 100° C. or higher. This allows the titanium material to maintain excellent strength even at high temperatures of 100° C. or higher.
• the lower limit of the heat resistance temperature of the titanium material of embodiment 1 may be 100°C or higher, 120°C or higher, or 140°C or higher, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent strength.
• the upper limit of the heat resistance temperature of the titanium material is not particularly limited, as the higher the better, but can be, for example, 190°C or lower.
• the heat resistance temperature of the titanium material may be 100°C or higher and 190°C or lower, 120°C or higher and 190°C or lower, or 140°C or higher and 190°C or lower.
• the heat resistance temperature of titanium materials is measured by X-ray diffraction analysis, comparing the X-ray diffraction pattern at 25°C with the X-ray diffraction pattern at a specified temperature.
• the specific measurement method is as follows.
• the surface of the titanium material is polished to prepare a measurement sample.
• the measurement sample is irradiated with X-rays under the measurement conditions below to obtain an X-ray diffraction pattern.
• 25°C and multiple temperatures above 25°C are appropriately selected, and an X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained at each temperature.
• the X-ray diffraction pattern at 25°C is compared with the X-ray diffraction pattern at a specified temperature above 25°C (hereinafter also referred to as the "specified temperature"), and if the shapes of both X-ray diffraction patterns match, the measurement sample is determined to maintain its crystal structure at the specified temperature and to be heat resistant.
• the two X-ray diffraction patterns match is confirmed by the fact that all of the diffraction peak positions match and the order of intensity of each diffraction peak also matches.
• the above X-ray diffraction measurement is performed by increasing the temperature condition until the X-ray diffraction pattern at a specified temperature above 25°C has a different shape from the X-ray diffraction pattern at 25°C.
• the X-ray diffraction pattern at the highest temperature that matches the X-ray diffraction pattern at 25°C is identified.
• the highest temperature is determined to be the heat resistance temperature of the measurement sample.
• the volume of the titanium material of the first embodiment can be 0.001 mm3 or more. Since the titanium material has a sufficient size as a biocompatible metal material, it can be used for various applications such as dental implant components and artificial joints. It can also be suitably used as a material for capsules for storing diamond sensors.
• the lower limit of the volume of the titanium material may be 0.001 mm3 or more, 0.01 mm3 or more, 0.1 mm3 or more, 1 mm3 or more, 10 mm3 or more, or 100 mm3 or more.
• the upper limit of the volume of the titanium material is not particularly limited because a larger upper limit is preferable, but is preferably 100,000 mm3 or less, for example.
• the volume of the titanium material may be 0.001 mm3 or more and 100,000 mm3 or less, 10 mm3 or more and 100,000 mm3 or less, or 100 mm3 or more and 100,000 mm3 or less.
• the volume of the titanium material is measured by Archimedes' method.
• the 0.2% yield strength in a tensile test of the titanium material of embodiment 1 can be more than 180 MPa, which further improves the strength.
• the lower limit of the 0.2% yield strength in a tensile test of a titanium material may be 250 MPa or more, 400 MPa or more, or 550 MPa or more, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent strength.
• the upper limit of the 0.2% yield strength in a tensile test of a titanium material is not particularly limited, since a larger upper limit is preferable.
• the measurement of 0.2% yield strength in tensile tests of titanium materials is carried out in accordance with JIS Z 2241:2011 "Method of tensile testing of metallic materials.”
• the test temperature is 23°C ⁇ 5°C.
• the 0.2% yield strength in a compression test of the titanium material of the first embodiment can be 570 MPa or more, which further improves the strength.
• the lower limit of the 0.2% yield strength in a compression test of a titanium material may be 600 MPa or more, 700 MPa or more, or 800 MPa or more, from the viewpoint of ensuring excellent strength.
• the upper limit of the 0.2% yield strength in a compression test of a titanium material is preferably as high as possible, so is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5000 MPa or less.
• the 0.2% yield strength in a compression test of a titanium material may be 570 MPa or more and 5000 MPa or less, 600 MPa or more and 5000 MPa or less, 700 MPa or more and 5000 MPa or less, or 800 MPa or more and 5000 MPa or less.
• the measurement of 0.2% yield strength in compression testing of titanium materials is carried out in accordance with JIS R 1608:2003 "Test method for compressive strength of fine ceramics.”
• the test temperature is 23°C ⁇ 5°C.
• a medical component according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter also referred to as “embodiment 2") is a medical component containing the titanium material described in embodiment 1.
• the medical component of embodiment 2 can have high electrical resistivity. It is presumed that the surface shape of the medical component of embodiment 2 can be easily controlled by anodizing.
• Examples of medical components include dental implant components, artificial joints, and housings and components of implantable devices.
• a dental implant component according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter also referred to as "Embodiment 3") is a dental implant component including the titanium material described in Embodiment 1.
• the dental implant component of Embodiment 3 can have high electrical resistivity. It is presumed that the surface shape of the dental implant component of Embodiment 3 can be easily controlled by anodizing.
• a capsule for storing a diamond sensor according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter, also referred to as “embodiment 4") is a capsule for storing a diamond sensor that contains the titanium material described in embodiment 1.
• the titanium material of embodiment 1 can have high electrical resistivity. It can be suitably used as a material for a capsule for storing a diamond sensor.
• Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high-pressure cell of the ultra-high pressure and high temperature generator used in embodiment 5.
• the high-pressure cell 10 comprises a pressure medium 1 having a regular octahedral shape, a sample container 2 placed inside the pressure medium 1, and a heating element 3 placed around the sample container 2.
• the sample container 2 is made of hexagonal boron nitride.
• the heating element 3 is made of graphite.
• a raw material 4 is sealed inside the sample container 2.
• the maximum load of the ultra-high pressure and high temperature generator used in embodiment 5 is, for example, 2800 tons.
• the manufacturing method of the fifth embodiment since the synthesis pressure is 7 GPa to 9 GPa and the maximum load of the manufacturing equipment is 2800 tons, it is possible to manufacture a large cylindrical titanium material having a diameter of 8 mm, a height of 10 mm, and a volume of 500 mm3 or more. Since the titanium material is sufficiently large, it is possible to manufacture a test piece for measuring the electrical resistivity.
• lanthanum chromite oxide LaCr 2 O 3 , thermal conductivity: 5 W/(m ⁇ K) or less
• magnesia MgO: 60 W/(m ⁇ K)
• These materials have low thermal conductivity, so that temperature gradients tend to occur around the raw materials during high-pressure, high-temperature processing. In addition, these materials have high hardness, so that pressure gradients tend to occur. It is presumed that the ⁇ -Ti produced in References 1 and 2 has a lower electrical resistivity than the titanium material of the present disclosure, because the phase transition to the ⁇ phase was insufficient and the ⁇ phase remained.
• the titanium material obtained in References 1 and 2 was small (cylindrical with a diameter of 4 mm, a height of 3 mm, and a volume of 37.7 mm3 ), making it impossible to prepare a test piece for measuring the electrical resistivity.
• the manufacturing conditions in References 1 and 2 use a pressure of 12 GPa, making it difficult to enlarge the titanium material.
• the raw material of each sample was placed in a sample container made of hexagonal boron nitride polycrystal, and pressurized to 5 GPa at room temperature using a multi-anvil ultra-high pressure and high temperature generator (Voggenreiter's "mavo press LPR 1000-400/50", heating element made of graphite, maximum load 2800 tons), and then heated to 300°C. Thereafter, the pressure was further increased to the pressure shown in the "Pressure” column of Table 1, and the temperature was heated to the temperature shown in the "Temperature” column of Table 1, and the temperature was maintained for the time shown in the "Maintenance time” column of Table 1 to obtain a titanium material.
• the obtained titanium material was cylindrical with a diameter of about 8 mm, a height of about 10 mm, and a volume of about 500 mm3.
• Samples 101 to 108 correspond to alpha pure titanium, which is the raw material of samples 1 to 8, respectively.
• Sample 102 corresponds to JIS-1
• sample 103 corresponds to JIS-2
• sample 104 corresponds to JIS-3
• samples 105 and 107 correspond to JIS-4.
• Samples 101, 106, and 108 were prepared for this example. In sample 101, the total of the raw materials is 100.0001 mass%, but this is due to rounding.
• the relationship between the electrical resistivity ⁇ (g/ cm3 ) of the titanium material of each sample and the content c (mass%) of components other than titanium in the titanium material is shown in the coordinate system of Figure 4.
• the X-axis represents the content c (mass%) of components other than titanium
• the Y-axis represents the electrical resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ m).
• the region showing the relationship of formula I above is the region indicated by diagonal lines.
• Sample 1 and sample 101 have the same titanium content. Sample 1 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 101.
• Sample 2 and sample 102 have the same titanium content. Sample 2 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 102.
• Sample 3 and sample 103 have the same titanium content. Sample 3 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 103.
• Sample 4 and sample 104 have the same titanium content. Sample 4 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 104.
• Sample 5 and sample 105 have the same titanium content. Sample 5 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 1051.
• Sample 6 and sample 106 have the same titanium content. Sample 6 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 106.
• Sample 7 and sample 107 have the same titanium content. Sample 7 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 107.
• Sample 8 and sample 108 have the same titanium content. Sample 8 was confirmed to have a higher electrical resistivity than sample 108.

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