WO2024212352A1 - 偏光片和液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

偏光片和液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024212352A1
WO2024212352A1 PCT/CN2023/102134 CN2023102134W WO2024212352A1 WO 2024212352 A1 WO2024212352 A1 WO 2024212352A1 CN 2023102134 W CN2023102134 W CN 2023102134W WO 2024212352 A1 WO2024212352 A1 WO 2024212352A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
diameter
hard coating
polarizer
coating layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/102134
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万雯
李吉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority to DE112023000036.0T priority Critical patent/DE112023000036T5/de
Priority to US18/553,551 priority patent/US20250076542A1/en
Publication of WO2024212352A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024212352A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3008—Polarising elements comprising dielectric particles, e.g. birefringent crystals embedded in a matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the display field, and in particular to a polarizer and a liquid crystal display device.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • a traditional technical measure is to attach a light diffusion film and a light intensity compensation film to the LCD screen to diffuse the light passing through the LCD screen evenly and compensate for the light intensity at certain angles. This method is simple to operate and has a high yield rate, but the improvement effect is relatively limited.
  • a known improved method is to add whiskers to the pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) layer to enhance the side display effect, but the addition of whiskers will have a certain impact on brightness and contrast.
  • PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
  • the present application provides a polarizer and a liquid crystal display device capable of improving brightness and contrast.
  • the present application provides a polarizer, which includes a hard coating layer, wherein the hard coating layer contains whiskers.
  • the polarizer further includes a polarizing film and a substrate, the substrate is disposed between the polarizing film and the hard coating layer, and the polarizing film, the substrate and the hard coating layer are in contact with each other.
  • the glass transition temperature of the hard coating is 70 degrees Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the pencil hardness of the hard coating layer is greater than or equal to 2H.
  • an acute angle is formed between the long axis direction of the whisker and the bottom surface of the hard coating layer, and the acute angle is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 40°.
  • the whisker includes a first particle and a second particle, wherein the first particles have the same diameter in the length direction of the first particles, and the second particles include a first end and a second end in the length direction thereof, and the diameter of the first end decreases in the direction away from the second end.
  • the diameter of the second particles decreases along the direction from the second end to the first end;
  • the diameter of the second end decreases in a direction away from the first end.
  • the diameter of the second particles decreases along the direction from the second end to the first end
  • the diameter of the second end decreases in a direction away from the first end.
  • the second particle further includes a middle portion, and the first end portion, the middle portion and the second end portion are connected in sequence;
  • the diameter of the middle portion is the same, and in the direction away from the first end portion, the diameter of the second end portion decreases or the diameter of the second end portion is the same.
  • the sum of the mass of the first particles and the second particles accounts for 10% of the mass of the hard coating layer
  • the second particles include first-type particles and second-type particles, and each of the first-type particles and each of the second-type particles includes a first end and a second end in the length direction thereof;
  • the diameter of the first type of particles decreases along the direction from the second end to the first end of the first type of particles
  • the diameter of the second end of the second type of particle decreases in a direction away from the first end of the second type of particle
  • the ratio of the mass of all the first particles, the mass of all the first type of particles and the mass of all the second type of particles is (1-10): (40-70): (20-60).
  • the present application also provides a liquid crystal display device, which includes the polarizer as described above.
  • the present application adds whiskers to the hard coating to compensate for the insufficient brightness when viewed from the side.
  • the hard coating only needs to be provided with a substrate on one side, thereby omitting a layer of substrate and simplifying the structure of the polarizer.
  • due to the omission of a layer of substrate its brightness and contrast are improved.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of whiskers in a hard coating layer according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a characterization diagram of first particles of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a characterization diagram of the first second particle of the hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between light scattering intensity and scale number
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a characterization diagram of the second second particles of the hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third type of second particles of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth second particle of a hard coating layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a fifth structural schematic diagram of a hard coating provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a characterization diagram of first particles, first sub-particles, and second sub-particles in a hard coating layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of polarizers according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal display device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first feature “above” or “below” the second feature may include the first and second features directly, or may include the first and second features not being directly connected but being in contact through another feature between them.
  • the first feature “above”, “above” and “above” the second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature include the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a polarizer 100, which can be used in a liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • the liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal box in which a liquid crystal layer is sealed between an array substrate and a color filter substrate.
  • the polarizer is disposed on the outside of the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The polarizer selectively transmits light in a specific direction of the incident light from the backlight unit and the light passing through the liquid crystal layer, thereby being able to control polarization.
  • the polarizer 100 includes a hard coating layer 10, and the hard coating layer 10 includes a whisker 101.
  • the thickness of the hard coating layer 10 is H
  • the length of the whisker 101 is L
  • the acute angle ⁇ 1 formed by the long axis direction of the whisker 101 and the bottom surface 10a is in the range of -arcsin(H/L) to arcsin(H/L).
  • the inventor has found through research that the acute angle ⁇ 1 has an influence on the optical properties of the polarizer.
  • the whiskers 101 when the whiskers 101 are added to the polarizer 100, when the acute angle between the long axis direction of the whiskers 101 and the bottom surface 10a is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 40°, it is beneficial to improve the brightness viewing angle and the chromaticity viewing angle.
  • the amount of light scattering by the whiskers is fixed.
  • the amount of light scattering by the whiskers can be divided into the component of the whiskers in the direction parallel to the bottom surface of the hard coating (referred to as the left and right components) and the component in the direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the hard coating (referred to as the upper and lower components). If the left and right components are large, the upper and lower components are small.
  • the angle between the whiskers and the hard coating is smaller, the left and right components are larger (that is, the larger the projection of the whiskers on the hard coating), the stronger the left and right scattering, the better the left and right viewing angle performance, and vice versa.
  • the experimental results show that when the acute angle ⁇ 1 between the long axis direction of the whisker 101 and the bottom surface 10a is less than or equal to 20°, the brightness viewing angle and the chromaticity viewing angle are further improved.
  • the polarizer 100 may include multiple film layers stacked in sequence (not shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the thickness of the hard coating layer 10 refers to the thickness in the stacking direction of the multiple film layers.
  • the hard coating layer 10 includes a bottom surface 10a and a top surface 10b opposite to each other in the stacking direction of the film layers.
  • the bottom surface 10a is located on the light incident side of the top surface 10b, or the bottom surface 10a is the surface formed first when the hard coating layer is formed.
  • the whisker 101 may be a column or a cone, for example, a cylinder, an elliptical column, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a polygonal prism, a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid or a polygonal pyramid.
  • the long axis direction of the whisker represents the height direction of the column or cone
  • the length L represents the length in the height direction of the column or cone, also referred to as the length in the long axis direction.
  • the hard coating layer 10 includes a first hard coating layer and a second hard coating layer, the whiskers 101 are only contained in the first hard coating layer, and the second hard coating layer does not contain the whiskers 101.
  • the manufacturing method of the hard coating layer 10 is to first disperse the whiskers 101 in the resin composition, form the first hard coating layer by coating, fix the angle of the whiskers 101 in the first hard coating layer, and then form the second hard coating layer on the first hard coating layer by coating, and the first hard coating layer and the second hard coating layer together form a hard coating layer 10 of a predetermined thickness.
  • the acute angle ⁇ 1 of the whiskers 101 in the first hard coating layer can be controlled, and then the acute angle ⁇ 1 of the whiskers 101 in the hard coating layer 10 can be controlled.
  • the material of the whisker 101 is selected from at least one of the following compounds: metal oxides, such as titanium oxide (e.g., TiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (e.g., ZrO 2 ) and zinc oxide (e.g., ZnO); metal compounds, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ); boehmite; aluminum borate (e.g., AlBO 3 ); calcium silicate (e.g., CaSiO 3 , wollastonite); magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ); magnesium sulfate hydrate (e.g., MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O) and potassium titanate (e.g., K 2 Ti 8 O17) glass and synthetic resin.
  • metal oxides such as titanium oxide (e.g., TiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (e.g., ZrO 2 ) and zinc oxide (e.g., ZnO)
  • metal compounds such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ); boehmit
  • the material of the whisker 101 is selected from at least one of the following compounds: titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, boehmite, aluminum borate, calcium silicate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate hydrate, potassium titanate.
  • the length L of the whisker 101 is 3 microns to 30 microns, and the diameter of the whisker 101 is 0.003 microns to 13 microns. It should be noted that even whiskers 101 of the same batch may not have completely the same length, and in this application, the size of the whisker 101 is within the above range.
  • the length of the whiskers 101 can be 3 microns, 4 microns, 5 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns, 7 microns, 8 microns, 9 microns, 10 microns, 10 microns, 11 microns, 12 microns, 13 microns, 14 microns, 15 microns, 16 microns, 17 microns, 18 microns, 19 microns, microns, 21 microns, 22 microns, 23 microns, 24 microns, 25 microns, 26 microns, 27 microns, 28 microns, 29 microns, and 30 microns.
  • the diameter of the whisker 101 is 0.003 micrometer, 0.005 micrometer, 0.008 micrometer, 0.01 micrometer, 0.3 micrometer, 0.4 micrometer, 0.5 micrometer, 0.6 micrometer, 0.7 micrometer, 0.8 micrometer, 0.9 micrometer, 1.0 micrometer, 1.1 micrometer, 1.2 micrometer, 1.3 micrometer, 1.4 micrometer, 1.5 micrometer, 1.6 micrometer, 1.7 micrometer, 1.8 micrometer, 1.9 micrometer, 1.10 micrometer, 1.11 micrometer, 1.12 micrometer, 1.13 micrometer, 1.14 micrometers, 1.15 micrometers, 1.16 micrometers, 1.17 micrometers, 1.18 micrometers, 1.19 micrometers, 1.21 micrometers, 1.22 micrometers, 1.23 micrometers, 1.24 micrometers, 1.25 micrometers, 1.26 micrometers, 1.27 micrometers, 1.28 micrometers, 1.29 micrometers, 1.30 micrometers, 2 micrometers, 3 micrometers, 4 micrometers, 5 micrometers, 6
  • the whisker 101 If the size of the whisker 101 is too small, the scattering effect cannot be achieved. If the size of the whisker 101 is too large, due to the thickness of the hard coating 10 (tens of microns to tens of microns), the whisker 101 will protrude from the hard coating 10, affecting the flatness of the film. In addition, if the length of the whisker 101 is too long, it is easy to cause the whisker 101 to aggregate excessively, affecting the appearance.
  • the whisker 101 may include a first particle 2 and a second particle 3.
  • the first particle 2 has the same diameter in the length direction of the first particle 2.
  • the second particle 3 includes a first end D1 and a second end D2 in the length direction thereof, and the diameter of the first end D1 decreases in a direction away from the second end D2.
  • the present application provides a polarizer 100 with a scattering effect by arranging the first particles 2 and the second particles 3 in the hard coating layer 10 of the polarizer 100, and the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 has a better contrast.
  • the diameters of the first particles 2 are the same in the length direction of the first particles 2.
  • the second particles 3 include a first end D1 and a second end D2 in the length direction thereof, and the diameter of the first end D1 decreases in the direction away from the second end D2.
  • Both the first particles 2 and the second particles 3 can make the polarizer 100 have a scattering effect, and can improve the chromaticity viewing angle of the attached polarizer 100.
  • the mixing of the second particles 3 and the first particles 2 can reduce the influence of the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100, so that the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 has a better contrast.
  • the contrast ratio of the present application refers to the ratio of the brightness of the display panel in the white state to the brightness in the dark state. If only the first particles 2 with the same diameter are set in the polarizer 100, that is, only cylindrical particles are set, the cylindrical particles have a good astigmatism effect.
  • the dark state the external ambient light is scattered by the first particles 2, and the brightness of the display panel is relatively large.
  • the white state the light emitted by the light-emitting unit is scattered by the first particles 2, and the brightness of the display panel is evenly diffused, so that the brightness is relatively small, and the combined effect causes the contrast of the display panel to be significantly reduced.
  • the second particle 3 In the direction away from the second end D2, the second particle 3 whose diameter decreases at the first end D1 has a weaker scattering effect than the first particle 2.
  • the first particles 2 and the second particles 3 are set in the polarizer 100 at the same time.
  • the dark state the external ambient light is scattered by the mixed particles, and the brightness of the display panel is relatively small.
  • the white state the light emitted by the light-emitting unit is scattered by the mixed particles, and the brightness of the display panel is relatively large.
  • the combined effect makes the polarizer 100 have a scattering effect, while the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 is less affected, so the contrast is better.
  • the polarizer 100 is provided with only first particles 2 having the same diameter at all locations, that is, only cylindrical particles are provided, and the transmittance of the polarizer 100 is also slightly lower than the transmittance when the first particles 2 and the second particles 3 are mixed.
  • the thickness of the hard coating layer 10 is greater than 3 microns and less than 50 microns.
  • the thickness of the hard coating layer 10 can be 4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns, 10 microns, 12 microns, 15 microns, 17 microns, 18 microns, 20 microns, 24 microns, 25 microns, 26 microns, 30 microns, 33 microns, 35 microns, 38 microns, 40 microns, 45 microns or 48 microns.
  • the diameter of the second particle 3 decreases gradually from the second end D2 to the first end D1 , that is, the second particle 3 is in a long cone shape.
  • the scattering effect of the long cone-shaped second particles 3 is weaker than that of the first particles 2.
  • the second particles 3 are mixed with the first particles 2 and arranged in the hard coating layer 10, so that the polarizer 100 has a scattering effect, while the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 is less affected, so that the contrast is better.
  • the diameter of the first particle 2 is 0.008 micrometers to 12.4 micrometers.
  • the maximum diameter of the second particle 3 is 12.4 micrometers and the minimum diameter is 0.008 micrometers.
  • the diameter of the first particle 2 can be 0.008 micron, 0.01 micron, 0.05 micron, 0.1 micron, 0.5 micron, 1 micron, 1.4 micron, 2 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.6 micron, 5 micron, 5.7 micron, 6 micron, 8 micron, 9 micron, 10 micron, 11 micron, 12 micron or 12.4 micron, etc.
  • the first particle 2 has the same diameter at various locations along its length, which means that the diameter deviation of the cylindrical particle is within ⁇ 20%.
  • the diameter of the first particle 2 is 1 to 3 microns, and there is a ⁇ 20% deviation in the diameter at various locations, that is, the diameter ranges from 0.8 micron to 1.2 microns.
  • the maximum diameter of the second particle 3 can be 0.5 micron, 1 micron, 1.4 micron, 2 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.6 micron, 5 micron, 5.7 micron, 6 micron, 8 micron, 9 micron, 10 micron, 11 micron, 12 micron or 12.4 micron, etc., and the minimum diameter can be 0.008 micron, 0.01 micron, 0.05 micron, 0.1 micron, 0.5 micron, 1 micron, 1.4 micron, 2 micron, 2.5 micron, 3 micron, 3.6 micron, 5 micron, 5.7 micron, 6 micron, 8 micron, 9 micron or 10 micron, etc. It is easy to understand that the maximum diameter of the second particle 3 is greater than the minimum diameter.
  • the ratio of the length to the radius of the particle is greater than 1.
  • the ratio of the length to the radius of the particle may be 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 or 5, etc.
  • the present application sets the diameter of the first particle 2 to 0.008 microns to 12.4 microns, and the maximum diameter of the second particle 3 to 12.4 microns and the minimum diameter to 0.008 microns, so that the light passing through the hard coating layer 10 can undergo Mie scattering, and the scattering effect is better.
  • the hard coating layer 10 is attached to the display panel, it is beneficial to improve the chromaticity viewing angle.
  • scattering includes Mie scattering and Rayleigh scattering.
  • Mie scattering means that when light shines on particles whose diameter is equivalent to or larger than the wavelength of light, the light will be scattered mainly along the original direction of travel. That is, the light intensity scattered along the direction of light travel is greater than the light intensity scattered in the opposite direction of light travel.
  • the light that undergoes Rayleigh scattering is scattered more evenly along the direction of light travel and the opposite direction of light travel. That is, along the direction of light travel, the light intensity of Rayleigh scattering is less than the light intensity of Mie scattering.
  • Mie scattering of light passing through the hard coating 10 can achieve a better scattering effect and reduce light loss.
  • Mie scattering and Rayleigh scattering are usually distinguished by the size of light and particles, and different processing methods are used according to the relative size of the wavelength of particles and light.
  • This application cites the dimensionless scale number as a criterion for discrimination.
  • the dimensionless scale number ⁇ is greater than or equal to 0.1, and ⁇ is less than 50. That is, when the dimensionless scale number ⁇ is within this range, Mie scattering occurs in the light. When the dimensionless scale number ⁇ is much less than 0.1, Rayleigh scattering occurs in the light.
  • the change in the intensity of scattering is a function of the ratio of the particle radius to the radiation wavelength.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the scattering intensity and the scale number, wherein the abscissa is the scale number ⁇ and the ordinate is the scattering intensity I.
  • the scale number ⁇ is greater than or equal to 0.1
  • the intensity I of light scattering increases with the increase of the scale number ⁇ , and finally stabilizes near 1.
  • the ratio of the mass of all first particles 2 to the mass of all second particles 3 is (1-10): (90-99).
  • the ratio of the mass of all first particles 2 to the mass of all second particles 3 can be 1:99, 2:98, 3:97, 4:96, 5:95, 6:94, 7:93, 8:92, 9:91 or 10:90.
  • the polarizer 100 can have a larger chromaticity viewing angle and a larger contrast when attached to a display panel.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a polarizer 100 , which is different from the embodiment of FIG1 in that the diameter of the second end decreases in a direction away from the first end. That is, the second particles 3 of the present embodiment are biconical.
  • the scattering effect of the biconical second particles 3 is weaker than that of the first particles 2.
  • Mixing the second particles 3 and the first particles 2 in the hard coating layer 10 can make the polarizer 100 have a scattering effect while the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 is less affected, so that the contrast is better.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a polarizer 100.
  • the second particle 3 also includes a middle portion D3, and the first end D1, the middle portion D3 and the second end D2 are connected in sequence.
  • the diameter of the middle portion D3 is the same.
  • the diameter of the second end D2 decreases.
  • the second particle 3 of this embodiment includes particles with a columnar middle and conical ends.
  • the scattering effect of the second particles 3 with a columnar middle and cone-shaped ends is weaker than that of the first particles 2.
  • the second particles 3 are mixed with the first particles 2 and arranged in the hard coating layer 10, so that the polarizer 100 has a scattering effect, while the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 is less affected, so that the contrast is better.
  • FIG. 11 Another embodiment of the present application provides a polarizer 100.
  • the second particle 3 also includes a middle portion D3, and the first end portion D1, the middle portion D3 and the second end portion D2 are connected in sequence.
  • the diameter of the middle portion D3 is the same, and the diameter of the second end portion D2 is the same.
  • the second particle 3 of this embodiment includes a particle whose first end portion D1 is conical and the rest is columnar.
  • the scattering effect of the second particles 3 whose first end D1 is conical and the rest is columnar is weaker than that of the first particles 2.
  • the second particles 3 are mixed with the first particles 2 and arranged in the hard coating layer 10, so that the polarizer 100 has a scattering effect, while the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 is less affected, so that the contrast is better.
  • the second particles 3 include first-type particles 3a and second-type particles 3b.
  • Each first-type particle 3a and each second-type particle 3b include a first end D1 and a second end D2 in the length direction thereof. From the second end D2 of the first-type particle 3a to the first end D1, the diameter of the first-type particle 3a decreases. From the direction away from the second end D2 of the second-type particle 3b, the diameter of the first end D1 of the second-type particle 3b decreases. From the direction away from the first end D1 of the second-type particle 3b, the diameter of the second end D2 of the second-type particle 3b decreases. That is, the second particles 3 of this embodiment include long-conical particles and biconical particles.
  • the scattering effect of the second particles 3 including the long cone-shaped first type particles 3a and the double cone-shaped second type particles 3b is weaker than that of the first particles 2.
  • the second particles 3 are mixed with the first particles 2 and arranged in the hard coating layer 10, so that the polarizer 100 has a scattering effect, while the contrast of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 is less affected, so that the contrast is better.
  • the second particles 3 of the various embodiments of the present application can be arbitrarily combined.
  • the second particles 3 can include long cone-shaped particles and biconical particles.
  • the second particles 3 can include long cone-shaped particles, biconical particles, and particles whose first end D1 is cone-shaped and the rest is columnar.
  • the second particles 3 can also be a combination of biconical particles and particles whose first end D1 is cone-shaped and the rest is columnar.
  • the second particles 3 are a combination of long cone-shaped particles and particles whose first end D1 and second end D2 are cone-shaped and the middle part is columnar. The present application does not limit this.
  • the ratio of the mass of all first particles 2, the mass of all first-type particles 3a, and the mass of all second-type particles 3b is (1-10): (40-70): (20-60).
  • the ratio of the mass of all first particles 2, the mass of all first-type particles 3a, and the mass of all second-type particles 3b can be 1:40:59, 2:42:56, 3:45:52, 4:48:48, 5:70:25, 5:69:26, 6:68:26, 7:55:38, 8:55:37, or 9:52:39.
  • the mass ratio of the first particles 2, the first type of particles 3a, and the second type of particles 3b is within this range, the chromaticity viewing angle and the contrast ratio can be larger when the polarizer 100 is attached to the display panel.
  • the mass ratio of all first particles 2, the mass of all first particles 3a, and the mass ratio of all second particles 3b is (50-55): (1-5): (45-50), which can make the chromaticity viewing angle of the display panel attached with the polarizer 100 be above 160 degrees and the contrast ratio be above 2800.
  • the mass ratio of all first particles 2, the mass of all first particles 3a, and the mass ratio of all second particles 3b is 50:5:45, 51:4:45, 52:3:45, 53:2:45, or 54:1:45.
  • the sum of the masses of the first particles 2, the first type of particles 3a, and the second type of particles 3b accounts for 1% to 30% of the mass of the polarizer 100.
  • the sum of the masses of the first particles 2, the first type of particles 3a, and the second type of particles 3b accounts for 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 30% of the mass of the polarizer 100.
  • the polarizer 100 can have a strong scattering effect and a high light transmittance.
  • the material of the hard coating layer 10 may be selected from polyurethane resin, acrylate resin, epoxy resin, vinyl resin, and silicone resin.
  • the present application further provides a polarizer 100, which includes a release film 11, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12, an optical compensation layer 13, a polarizing film 14, a substrate 15, a hard coating layer 10, an anti-reflection layer 16, and a protective layer 17 stacked in sequence.
  • a polarizer 100 which includes a release film 11, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12, an optical compensation layer 13, a polarizing film 14, a substrate 15, a hard coating layer 10, an anti-reflection layer 16, and a protective layer 17 stacked in sequence.
  • the direction from the release film 11 to the protective layer 17 is the stacking direction of the film layers in the polarizer 100, and is also the incident direction of light.
  • the release film 11 is used to protect the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer from damage and avoid the generation of lamination bubbles before the polarizer 100 is attached to the liquid crystal display panel.
  • the release film 11 can be a polyester film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polyolefin film such as a polyethylene film and a polypropylene film, or a polytetrafluoroethylene film, or a film that has been subjected to a peeling treatment such as a silicone resin, a melamine resin, or a urea resin, so that the release film 11 is easy to peel off.
  • a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) layer 12 is disposed on one side of the release film 11.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive layer 12 is an adhesive layer used to bond the release film 11 to a film layer such as a polarizing film 14 disposed on the release film 11.
  • the material of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer 12 may be, for example, an acrylate resin.
  • the optical compensation layer 13 is disposed on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12 facing away from the release film 11.
  • the optical compensation layer 13 may be a compensation layer or a phase difference film in which a liquid crystal compound is coated on the surface of a substrate and oriented and fixed.
  • the polarizing film 14 is disposed on the side of the optical compensation layer 13 away from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12.
  • the polarizing film 14 may include polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the polarizing film 14 may include a polyvinyl alcohol film dyed with iodine or a polyene compound obtained by dehydrating the polyvinyl alcohol film.
  • the substrate 15 is disposed on the side of the polarizing film 14 away from the optical compensation layer 13.
  • the substrate 15 is used to protect the polarizing film 14 and support the film layer located above the substrate 15.
  • the substrate 15 may include at least one selected from the following materials: a cellulose ester resin including triacetylcellulose (TAC) and the like, a cyclic polyolefin resin including amorphous cyclic polyolefin (COP) and the like, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the like, a polyethersulfone resin, a polysulfone resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, a non-cyclic polyolefin resin, a polyacrylate resin including poly(methyl methacrylate) resin and the like, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, and a polyvinylidene chloride resin, but is not limited thereto.
  • the hard coating layer 10 is arranged on the side of the substrate 15 away from the polarizing film 14.
  • the hard coating layer 10 has high hardness, water and oil resistance, can effectively prevent the surface of the film layer below from being scratched, and is easier to clean.
  • the pencil hardness of the hard coating layer 10 is greater than or equal to 2H.
  • the hard coating layer 10 has a relatively high glass transition temperature, for example, 70 degrees Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the material of the hard coating layer 10 can be selected from polyurethane resin, acrylate resin, epoxy resin, vinyl resin, silicone resin.
  • the polarizing film 14 and the substrate 15 are in contact with the hard coating layer 10 in pairs. As described above, the whiskers 101 are distributed in the hard coating layer 10.
  • the anti-reflection layer 16 (AR) is disposed on the side of the hard coating layer 10 away from the substrate 15.
  • the AR layer 16 is used to prevent reflection and also prevent scratches.
  • the AR layer 16 is, for example, a dielectric thin film formed on the surface of the hard coating layer 10.
  • the surface protection layer 17 is used to protect the film layer below it.
  • the surface protection layer 17 can be an anti-reflection layer 16.
  • the surface protection layer 17 can be a transparent resin film formed by thermoplastic resins such as polyolefin resins such as chain polyolefin resins (polypropylene resins, etc.), cyclic polyolefin resins (norbornene resins, etc.); cellulose ester resins such as cellulose triacetate and cellulose diacetate; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate; polycarbonate resins; (meth) acrylic resins; or mixtures, copolymers, etc. thereof.
  • the hard coating of the present application only needs to be provided with a substrate on one side, thereby omitting a layer of substrate and a pressure-sensitive adhesive for bonding two substrates, simplifying the structure of the polarizer. At the same time, since a layer of substrate and a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive are omitted, its brightness and contrast are improved.
  • the polarizer 100 may also have other film layers such as an antistatic layer, which are not described one by one here.
  • the present application also provides a liquid crystal display device 1, which includes the polarizer 100 and the liquid crystal display panel LCD as described above, and the polarizer 100 is arranged on the light-emitting side of the liquid crystal display panel LCD. That is, the polarizer 100 of the present application is used as an upper polarizer of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 also includes a backlight module and a lower polarizer and other structures arranged on the light-incoming side of the liquid crystal display panel LCD, and their description is omitted here.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种偏光片和液晶显示装置。偏光片包括硬涂层，硬涂层包括晶须。

Description

偏光片和液晶显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示领域，尤其涉及一种偏光片和液晶显示装置。
 背景技术
现今，液晶显示器（Liquid Crystal Display，LCD）因体积小、质量轻、易形成大尺寸面板、高解析度等优点而具有较高的市场占有率，无论是在家用还是公用显示装置中都具有较佳表现。然而，在由于其本身是通过液晶偏转进行显示，在不同方向上显示的效果取决于液晶的空间排布，从而导致侧边视角存在严重的色彩失真问题。为了改善这一问题，一种传统的技术措施是在液晶显示屏上贴光漫射膜和光强补偿膜，使通过液晶屏的光均匀漫射，并补偿某些角度的光强。这种方法操作简单、成品率很高，但改善效果比较有限。
已知的一种改进的方法通过在压敏胶（Pressure Sensitive Adhesive，PSA）层中加入晶须从而提升侧边显示效果，但由于添加了晶须，亮度和对比度会有一定影响。
 发明概述
有鉴于此，本申请提供一种能够提升亮度和对比度的偏光片和液晶显示装置。
本申请提供一种偏光片，其包括硬涂层，所述硬涂层包含晶须。
可选的，所述偏光片还包括偏光膜和基材，所述基材设置于所述偏光膜与所述硬涂层之间，且所述偏光膜、所述基材与所述硬涂层两两接触。
可选的，所述硬涂层的玻璃化转变温度为70摄氏度至120摄氏度。
可选的，所述硬涂层的铅笔硬度大于或者等于2H。
可选的，所述晶须的长轴方向与所述硬涂层的底表面之间形成一锐角，所述锐角大于0°且小于或者等于40°。
可选的，所述晶须包括第一粒子和第二粒子，在所述第一粒子的长度方向上，所述第一粒子的直径相同，所述第二粒子在其长度方向上包括第一端部和第二端部，沿远离所述第二端部的方向，所述第一端部的直径递减。
可选的，沿所述第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第二粒子的直径递减；或
沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减。
可选的，沿所述第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第二粒子的直径递减；和
沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减。
可选的，所述第二粒子还包括中间部，所述第一端部、所述中间部和所述第二端部依次连接；
在所述第二粒子的长度方向上，所述中间部的直径相同，沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减或者所述第二端部的直径相同。
可选的，所述第一粒子和所述第二粒子的质量之和占所述硬涂层的质量的10%；
所述第二粒子包括第一类粒子和第二类粒子，每一所述第一类粒子和每一所述第二类粒子在其长度方向上均包括第一端部和第二端部；
沿所述第一类粒子的第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第一类粒子的直径递减；
沿远离所述第二类粒子的第一端部的方向，所述第二类粒子的第二端部的直径递减；
所有所述第一粒子的质量、所有所述第一类粒子的质量和所有所述第二类粒子的质量之比为（1~10）：（40~70）：（20~60）。
本申请还提供一种液晶显示装置，其包括如上所述的偏光片。
有益效果
本申请通过在硬涂层中添加晶须，以补偿侧视时的亮度不足。相较于现有技术的压敏胶，硬涂层只需要在一侧设置基材即可，从而可以省略一层基材，简化偏光片结构，同时由于省略了一层基材，其亮度和对比度得到了提升。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施方式的偏光片的结构示意图；
图2为本申请的一些实施方式的硬涂层中晶须的排列示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第一种结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第一粒子的表征图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第一种第二粒子的表征图；
图6是光线散射强度与尺度数的大小关系示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第二种结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第二种第二粒子的表征图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第三种结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第三种第二粒子的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第四种结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第四种第二粒子的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层的第五种结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的硬涂层中第一粒子、第一分粒子和第二分粒子的表征图；
图15为本申请的一些实施方式的偏光片的结构示意图；
图16为本申请的一些实施方式的液晶显示装置的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接连接而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个特征。
请参考图1，本申请的一些实施例提供一种偏光片100，其可用于液晶显示装置(Liquid Crystal Display, LCD)中。液晶显示装置具有在阵列基板与彩色滤光片基板之间封入液晶层的液晶盒。当电场被施加到阵列基板与彩色滤光片基板的电极时，封入其间的液晶层的液晶分子的排列会改变，由此显示图像。偏光片被配置在阵列基板与彩色滤光片基板的外侧。偏光片使来自背光单元的入射光以及透过液晶层的光中的特定方向的光选择性地透过，从而能够控制偏振。
偏光片100包括硬涂层10，硬涂层10包括晶须101。请参考图2，硬涂层10的厚度为H，晶须101长度为L，晶须101的长轴方向与底表面10a形成的锐角α1在-arcsin(H/L)至arcsin(H/L)的范围内。发明人经过研究发现，锐角α1对偏光片的光学性能具有影响。
具体地，在晶须101添加至偏光片100中时，当晶须101的长轴方向与底表面10a之间的锐角大于0°且小于或者等于40°时，有利于亮度视角和色度视角的提升。具体地，由于晶须的长度固定，晶须对光线的散射量固定。晶须对光线的散射量可以分为晶须在平行于硬涂层的底表面的方向上的分量（简称为左右分量）与在垂直于硬涂层的底表面的方向上的分量（简称为上下分量）。左右分量大的话，上下分量就小。当晶须与硬涂层之间的角度越小，左右分量越大（即，晶须在硬涂层的投影越大）的话，左右散射越强，左右视角性能越好，反之亦然。
进一步，实验结果表明，当晶须101的长轴方向与底表面10a之间的锐角α1小于或者等于20°。亮度视角和色度视角进一步得到提升。
需要说明的是，偏光片100可能会包括多个依次层叠的膜层（图1中未示出）。硬涂层10的厚度是指多个膜层层叠方向上的厚度。硬涂层10包括在膜层层叠方向上相对的底表面10a和顶表面10b。可选的，底表面10a位于顶表面10b的入光侧，或者，底表面10a是在形成硬涂层时先形成的那个面。
晶须101可以为柱状体或者锥状体，例如，圆柱、椭圆柱、三棱柱、四棱柱、多棱柱、三棱锥、四棱锥或者多棱锥。晶须的长轴方向表示柱状体或者锥状体的高度方向，长度L表示柱状体或者锥状体的高度方向上的长度，也称为长轴方向上的长度。
可选的，硬涂层10包括第一硬涂层和第二硬涂层，晶须101仅包含在第一硬涂层中，而第二硬涂层不包含晶须101。这种硬涂层10的制造方法为先将晶须101分散在树脂组合物中，通过涂布的方式形成第一硬涂层，以固定晶须101在第一硬涂层中的角度，然后再通过涂布的方式在第一硬涂层上形成第二硬涂层，第一硬涂层与第二硬涂层共同形成预定厚度的硬涂层10。通过控制第一硬涂层的厚度和晶须101的长度L，就可以控制晶须101在第一硬涂层中的锐角α1，进而控制晶须101在硬涂层10中的锐角α1。例如，选取长度为30微米的晶须101与树脂组合物进行混合，在中间基板上涂布形成5微米的第一硬涂层，再在第一硬涂层上形成20微米的第二硬涂层，则可以得到晶须101的长轴方向与底表面10a之间的锐角α1为arcsin（5/30）=9.59°，且厚度为25微米的硬涂层10，以此类推。可以理解，锐角α1可以在制程允许的范围内稍有误差。
可选的，晶须101的材料选自以下化合物的至少一种：金属氧化物，例如氧化钛(例如，TiO 2)、氧化锆(例如，ZrO 2)以及氧化锌(例如，ZnO)；金属化合物，例如碳酸钙(CaCO 3)；勃姆石；硼酸铝(例如，AlBO 3)；硅酸钙(例如，CaSiO 3，硅灰石)；硫酸镁(MgSO 4)；硫酸镁水合物(例如，MgSO 4·7H 2O)以及钛酸钾(例如，K 2Ti 8O17)玻璃以及合成树脂。可选的，晶须101的材料选自以下化合物的至少一种：氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化锌、碳酸钙、勃姆石、硼酸铝、硅酸钙、硫酸镁、硫酸镁水合物、钛酸钾。
可选的，晶须101的长度L为3微米至30微米，晶须101的直径为0.003微米至13微米。需要说明的是，即使是同一批次的晶须101，其长度也并非完全一致，本申请中只要晶须101的尺寸在上述范围内即可。
具体的，晶须101的长度可以为3微米、4微米、5微米、5微米、6微米、7微米、8微米、9微米、10微米、10微米、11微米、12微米、13微米、14微米、15微米、16微米、17微米、18微米、19微米、微米、21微米、22微米、23微米、24微米、25微米、26微米、27微米、28微米、29微米、30微米。
可选的，晶须101的直径为0.003微米、0.005微米、0.008微米、0.01微米、0.3微米、0.4微米、0.5微米、0.6微米、0.7微米、0.8微米、0.9微米、1.0微米、1.1微米、1.2微米、1.3微米、1.4微米、1.5微米、1.6微米、1.7微米、1.8微米、1.9微米、1.10微米、1.11微米、1.12微米、1.13微米、1.14微米、1.15微米、1.16微米、1.17微米、1.18微米、1.19微米、1.微米、1.21微米、1.22微米、1.23微米、1.24微米、1.25微米、1.26微米、1.27微米、1.28微米、1.29微米、1.30微米、2微米、3微米、4微米、5微米、6微米、7微米、8微米、9微米、10微米、11微米、12微米、13微米。在保证米氏散射发生的同时，能够减少由于晶须101面积过大造成的光损失。
如果晶须101的尺寸太小的话，则达不到散射效果。如果晶须101尺寸太大，由于硬涂层10的膜厚（十几微米至几十微米）限制，会导致硬涂层10中晶须101突出，影响膜层平整度。另外，晶须101的长度太长，则容易导致晶须101过度聚集，影响外观。
请参考图3，晶须101可以包括第一粒子2和第二粒子3。其中，在第一粒子2的长度方向上，第一粒子2的直径相同。第二粒子3在其长度方向上包括第一端部D1和第二端部D2，沿远离第二端部D2的方向，第一端部D1的直径递减。
本申请通过在偏光片100的硬涂层10中设置第一粒子2和第二粒子3，使得偏光片100具有散射效果，以及贴附偏光片100的显示面板具有较佳的对比度。请参考图4，其中在第一粒子2的长度方向上，第一粒子2的直径相同。第二粒子3在其长度方向上包括第一端部D1和第二端部D2，沿远离第二端部D2的方向，第一端部D1的直径递减。第一粒子2和第二粒子3均能使偏光片100具有散射效果，可以提高贴附偏光片100的色度视角。并且，第二粒子3与第一粒子2混合可以降低贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度的影响，使得贴附偏光片100的显示面板具有较佳的对比度。
需要说明的是，本申请的对比度指的是显示面板白态时的亮度和暗态时的亮度的比值。如果偏光片100中仅设置各处直径相同的第一粒子2，即仅设置圆柱状的粒子，圆柱状的粒子散光效果好。在暗态的时候，外界环境光经第一粒子2散射，显示面板的亮度较大。在白态的时候，发光单元发出的光线经第一粒子2散射，显示面板的亮度被均匀漫射，从而亮度较小，综合影响使得显示面板的对比度明显下降。沿远离第二端部D2的方向，第一端部D1的直径递减的第二粒子3，其散射效果弱于第一粒子2。在偏光片100中同时设置第一粒子2和第二粒子3，在暗态的时候，外界环境光经混合粒子散射，显示面板的亮度较小。在白态的时候，发光单元发出的光线经混合粒子散射，显示面板的亮度较大，综合影响使得偏光片100具有散射效果的同时，贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度受到的影响较小，从而对比度较佳。
另外，偏光片100中仅设置各处直径相同的第一粒子2，即仅设置圆柱状的粒子，其偏光片100的透过率也略低于第一粒子2和第二粒子3混合时的透过率。
可选的，硬涂层10的厚度大于3微米且小于50微米。具体的，硬涂层10的厚度可以为4微米、5微米、6微米、10微米、12微米、15微米、17微米、18微米、20微米、24微米、25微米、26微米、30微米、33微米、35微米、38微米、40微米、45微米或者48微米。
请参考图5，在本实施例中，沿第二端部D2向第一端部D1的方向，第二粒子3的直径递减。即第二粒子3为长锥状。
可以理解的，长锥状的第二粒子3的散射效果弱于第一粒子2。将第二粒子3与第一粒子2混合设置在硬涂层10中，可以使得偏光片100具有散射效果的同时，贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度受到的影响较小，从而对比度较佳。
在本实施例中，第一粒子2的直径为0.008微米~12.4微米。第二粒子3的最大直径为12.4微米、最小直径为0.008微米。
具体的，第一粒子2的直径可以为0.008微米、0.01微米、0.05微米、0.1微米、0.5微米、1微米、1.4微米、2微米、2.5微米、3微米、3.6微米、5微米、5.7微米、6微米、8微米、9微米、10微米、11微米、12微米或者12.4微米等。容易理解的是，第一粒子2在其长度方向上各处直径相同，是指圆柱状的粒子其直径偏差在±20%内。例如第一粒子2的直径为1~3微米，各处直径存在±20%偏差，即各处直径范围在0.8微米~1.2微米。
第二粒子3的最大直径可以为0.5微米、1微米、1.4微米、2微米、2.5微米、3微米、3.6微米、5微米、5.7微米、6微米、8微米、9微米、10微米、11微米、12微米或者12.4微米等，最小直径可以为0.008微米、0.01微米、0.05微米、0.1微米、0.5微米、1微米、1.4微米、2微米、2.5微米、3微米、3.6微米、5微米、5.7微米、6微米、8微米、9微米或者10微米等。容易理解的是，第二粒子3的最大直径大于最小直径。
可选的，粒子的长度与半径的比大于1。具体的，粒子的长度与半径的比可以为1.5、2、2.5、3或者5等。
本申请通过设置第一粒子2的直径为0.008微米~12.4微米，第二粒子3的最大直径为12.4微米、最小直径为0.008微米能使经过硬涂层10的光线发生米氏散射，散射效果更好，当硬涂层10贴附在显示面板上时有利于提高色度视角。
具体的，散射包括米氏散射和瑞利散射。米氏散射是指光照到直径跟光波长相当，或是比光波长还要大的粒子时，光主要会沿着原本行进的方向散射。也即，沿光线行进方向散射的光强大于沿光线行进的逆方向散射的光强。而发生瑞利散射的光线，沿光线行进的方向和光线行进的逆方向散射较为均匀。即沿着光线行进的方向，瑞利散射的光强小于米氏散射的光强。使经过硬涂层10的光线发生米氏散射，能够实现较好的散射效果，减少光损失。
通常以光和粒子的尺寸区分米氏散射和瑞利散射，按粒子与光的波长的相对大小不同，采用不同的处理方法。本申请引用无量纲尺度数作为判别标准，无量纲尺度数是粒子半径与辐射波长比例的函数，公式为：α=2πr/λ。其中，α为无量纲尺度数，r为粒子半径，λ为光的波长。当粒子的直径为0.008微米~12.4微米，即粒子的半径为0.004微米~6.2微米，此时无量纲尺度数α大于或者等于0.1时，且α小于50。即无量纲尺度数α在此范围内时，光线发生米氏散射。当无量纲尺度数α远小于0.1时，光线发生瑞利散射。散射的强度变化是粒子半径与辐射波长比例的函数，请参照图6，图6是散射强度与尺度数的大小关系示意图，其中横坐标为尺度数α，纵坐标为散射强度I。当尺度数α大于或者等于0.1时，光线散射的强度I随尺度数α的增大而增大，最终稳定在1附近。在本实施例中，所有第一粒子2的质量与所有第二粒子3的质量之比为（1~10）：（90~99）。具体的，所有第一粒子2的质量与所有第二粒子3的质量之比可以为1：99、2：98、3：97、4：96、5：95、6：94、7：93、8：92、9：91或者10：90。
可以理解的，第一粒子2和第二粒子3的质量比在此范围内，可以使得偏光片100贴附在显示面板上时，色度视角较大且对比度较大。
请参考图7和图8，本申请一实施例提供了一种偏光片100，本实施例与图1的实施例不同之处在于：沿远离第一端部的方向，第二端部的直径递减。也就是说，本实施例的第二粒子3为双锥状。
可以理解的，双锥状的第二粒子3的散射效果弱于第一粒子2。将第二粒子3与第一粒子2混合设置在硬涂层10中，可以使得偏光片100具有散射效果的同时，贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度受到的影响较小，从而对比度较佳。
请参考图9和图10，本申请一实施例提供了一种偏光片100，本实施例与图3的实施例、图7的实施例不同之处在于：第二粒子3还包括中间部D3，第一端部D1、中间部D3和第二端部D2依次连接。在第二粒子3的长度方向上，中间部D3的直径相同。沿远离第一端部D1的方向，第二端部D2的直径递减。也就是说，本实施例的第二粒子3包括中间柱状、两端为锥状的粒子。
可以理解的，中间柱状、两端为锥状的第二粒子3的散射效果弱于第一粒子2。将第二粒子3与第一粒子2混合设置在硬涂层10中，可以使得偏光片100具有散射效果的同时，贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度受到的影响较小，从而对比度较佳。
请参考图11和图12，本申请另一实施例提供了一种偏光片100，本实施例与图3的实施例不同之处在于：第二粒子3还包括中间部D3，第一端部D1、中间部D3和第二端部D2依次连接。在第二粒子3的长度方向上，中间部D3的直径的相同，第二端部D2的直径的相同。也就是说，本实施例的第二粒子3包括第一端部D1为锥状其余部分为柱状的粒子。
可以理解的，第一端部D1为锥状其余部分为柱状的第二粒子3的散射效果弱于第一粒子2。将第二粒子3与第一粒子2混合设置在硬涂层10中，可以使得偏光片100具有散射效果的同时，贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度受到的影响较小，从而对比度较佳。
请参考图13和图14，本申请又一实施例提供了一种偏光片100，本实施例与图3的实施例、图7的实施例不同之处在于：第二粒子3包括第一类粒子3a和第二类粒子3b。每一第一类粒子3a和每一第二类粒子3b在其长度方向上均包括第一端部D1和第二端部D2。沿第一类粒子3a的第二端部D2向第一端部D1的方向，第一类粒子3a的直径递减。沿远离第二类粒子3b的第二端部D2的方向，第二类粒子3b的第一端部D1的直径递减。沿远离第二类粒子3b的第一端部D1的方向，第二类粒子3b的第二端部D2的直径递减。也就是说，本实施例的第二粒子3包括长锥状的粒子和双锥状的粒子。
可以理解的，包括长锥状第一类粒子3a和双锥状第二类粒子3b的第二粒子3的散射效果弱于第一粒子2。将第二粒子3与第一粒子2混合设置在硬涂层10中，可以使得偏光片100具有散射效果的同时，贴附偏光片100的显示面板的对比度受到的影响较小，从而对比度较佳。
需要说明的是，本申请各实施例的第二粒子3可以任意组合。例如第二粒子3可以包括长锥状的粒子和双锥状的粒子。又例如第二粒子3可以包括长锥状的粒子、双锥状的粒子和第一端部D1为锥状其余部分为柱状的粒子。第二粒子3还可以为双锥状的粒子和第一端部D1为锥状其余部分为柱状的粒子组合。或者第二粒子3为长锥状的粒子和第一端部D1、第二端部D2为锥状，中间部分为柱状的粒子组合。本申请对此不做限制。
在本实施例中，所有第一粒子2的质量、所有第一类粒子3a的质量和所有第二类粒子3b的质量之比为（1~10）：（40~70）：（20~60）。具体的，所有第一粒子2的质量、所有第一类粒子3a的质量和所有第二类粒子3b的质量之比可以为1：40：59、2：42：56、3：45：52、4：48：48、5：70：25、5：69：26、6：68：26、7：55：38、8：55：37或者9：52：39。
可以理解的，第一粒子2、第一类粒子3a、第二类粒子3b的质量比在此范围内，可以使得偏光片100贴附在显示面板上时，色度视角较大且对比度较大。
进一步的，所有第一粒子2的质量、所有第一类粒子3a的质量和所有第二类粒子3b的质量之比为（50~55）：（1~5）：（45~50），可以使得贴附该偏光片100的显示面板色度视角在160度以上，且对比度在2800以上。具体的，所有第一粒子2的质量、所有第一类粒子3a的质量和所有第二类粒子3b的质量之比为50：5：45、51：4：45、52：3：45、53：2：45或者54：1：45。
可选的，第一粒子2、第一类粒子3a和第二类粒子3b的质量之和占偏光片100的质量为1%~30%。具体的，第一粒子2、第一类粒子3a和第二类粒子3b的质量之和占偏光片100的质量为1%、2%、5%、7%、8%、10%、15%、20%或者30%。第一粒子2、第一类粒子3a和第二类粒子3b的质量之和在此范围内，可以使得偏光片100的散射效果强且光线透过率较高。
可选的，硬涂层10的材料可以选自聚氨基甲酸酯树脂、丙烯酸酯树脂、环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、硅酮树脂。
请参考图15，本申请还提供一种偏光片100，其包括偏光片100包括依次层叠的离型膜11、压敏胶层12、光学补偿层13、偏光膜14、基材15、硬涂层10、抗反射层16以及保护层17。在偏光片100的使用状态下，从离型膜11到保护层17的方向是偏光片100中膜层的堆叠方向，也是光线的入射方向。
离型膜11的作用是在偏光片100贴合到液晶显示面板之前，保护压敏胶层不受损伤，避免产生贴合气泡。离型膜11可以是聚酯膜如聚对苯二甲酸乙酯膜、聚烯烃膜例如聚乙烯膜和聚丙烯膜、或聚四氟乙烯类膜，也可以使用硅氧烷类树脂、三聚氰胺类树脂或尿素类树脂等剥离处理过的膜，以使离型膜11容易剥离。
压敏胶（PSA，Pressure Sensitive Adhesive）层12设置于离型膜11的一侧。压敏胶层12为粘合层，用于粘合离型膜11与设置于离型膜11上的偏光膜14等膜层。压敏胶层12的材料例如可以为丙烯酸酯树脂。
光学补偿层13设置于压敏胶层12背离离型膜11的一侧。光学补偿层13可以是在基材表面上涂布液晶性化合物并使其取向并固定的补偿层或者相位差膜等。
偏光膜14设置于光学补偿层13背离压敏胶层12的一侧。偏光膜14可包含聚乙烯醇。具体地，偏光膜14可包含用碘染色的聚乙烯醇膜或经由使聚乙烯醇膜脱水而获得的多烯类化合物。
基材15设置于偏光膜14背离光学补偿层13的一侧。基材15用于保护偏光膜14并支撑位于基材15上方的膜层。基材15可以包含选自以下材料中的至少一种：包含三乙酰纤维素(triacetylcellulose；TAC)等的纤维素酯树脂、包含非晶形环状聚烯烃(cyclic polyolefin；COP)等的环状聚烯烃树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate；PET)等的聚酯树脂、聚醚砜树脂、聚砜树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、非环状聚烯烃树脂、包含聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)树脂等的聚丙烯酸酯树脂、聚乙烯醇树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂以及聚偏二氯乙烯树脂，但不限于此。具体地，基材15的材料为PET。
硬涂层10设置于基材15背离偏光膜14的一侧。硬涂层10拥有高硬度，防水防油特性，能够有很好的防止下方膜层的表面划伤，且更易清洁。可选的，硬涂层10的铅笔硬度大于或者等于2H。硬涂层10具有较高的玻璃化转变温度，例如，70摄氏度至120摄氏度。硬涂层10的材料可以选自聚氨基甲酸酯树脂、丙烯酸酯树脂、环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂、硅酮树脂。偏光膜14、基材15与硬涂层10两两接触。如上所述，晶须101分布在硬涂层10中。
抗反射层16（Anti-Reflection，AR）设置于硬涂层10背离基材15的一侧。抗反射层16用于防反射，同时也能防止划伤。抗反射层16例如为形成在硬涂层10表面的诱电体薄膜。
表面保护层17用于对其下的膜层进行保护。表面保护层17可以抗反射层16。表面保护层17可以为由热塑性树脂例如链状聚烯烃系树脂(聚丙烯系树脂等)、环状聚烯烃系树脂(降冰片烯系树脂等)等聚烯烃系树脂；纤维素三乙酸酯、纤维素二乙酸酯等纤维素酯系树脂；聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯这样的聚酯系树脂；聚碳酸酯系树脂；(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂；或它们的混合物、共聚物等形成的透明树脂膜。
本申请的硬涂层只需要在一侧设置基材即可，从而可以省略一层基材和粘合两片基材的压敏胶，简化偏光片结构，同时由于省略了一层基材和一层压敏胶，其亮度和对比度得到了提升。
此外，除了上述膜层之外，偏光片100还可以具有抗静电层等其他膜层，在此不一一说明。
请参考图16，本申请还提供一种液晶显示装置1，其包括如上所述的偏光片100和液晶显示面板LCD，偏光片100设置于液晶显示面板LCD的出光侧。即，本申请的偏光片100用作液晶显示装置1的上偏光片。液晶显示装置1还包括设置于液晶显示面板LCD的入光侧的背光模组和下偏光片等结构，在此省略其说明。
以上对本申请实施方式提供了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施方式的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请。同时，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种偏光片，其中，包括硬涂层，所述硬涂层包含晶须。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述偏光片还包括偏光膜和基材，所述基材设置于所述偏光膜与所述硬涂层之间，且所述偏光膜、所述基材与所述硬涂层两两接触。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的偏光片，其中，所述硬涂层的玻璃化转变温度为70摄氏度至120摄氏度。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的偏光片，其中，所述硬涂层的铅笔硬度大于或者等于2H。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的偏光片，其中，所述晶须的长轴方向与所述硬涂层的底表面之间形成一锐角，所述锐角大于0°且小于或者等于40°。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的偏光片，其中，所述晶须包括第一粒子和第二粒子，在所述第一粒子的长度方向上，所述第一粒子的直径相同，所述第二粒子在其长度方向上包括第一端部和第二端部，沿远离所述第二端部的方向，所述第一端部的直径递减。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的偏光片，其中，沿所述第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第二粒子的直径递减；或
    沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的偏光片，其中，沿所述第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第二粒子的直径递减；和
    沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的偏光片，其中，所述第二粒子还包括中间部，所述第一端部、所述中间部和所述第二端部依次连接；
    在所述第二粒子的长度方向上，所述中间部的直径相同，沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减或者所述第二端部的直径相同。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的偏光片，其中，所述第一粒子和所述第二粒子的质量之和占所述硬涂层的质量的10%；
    所述第二粒子包括第一类粒子和第二类粒子，每一所述第一类粒子和每一所述第二类粒子在其长度方向上均包括第一端部和第二端部；
    沿所述第一类粒子的第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第一类粒子的直径递减；
    沿远离所述第二类粒子的第一端部的方向，所述第二类粒子的第二端部的直径递减；
    所有所述第一粒子的质量、所有所述第一类粒子的质量和所有所述第二类粒子的质量之比为（1~10）：（40~70）：（20~60）。
  11. 一种液晶显示装置，其中，所述液晶显示装置包括如权利要求1所述的偏光片。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述偏光片还包括偏光膜和基材，所述基材设置于所述偏光膜与所述硬涂层之间，且所述偏光膜、所述基材与所述硬涂层两两接触。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述硬涂层的玻璃化转变温度为70摄氏度至120摄氏度。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述硬涂层的铅笔硬度大于或者等于2H。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述晶须的长轴方向与所述硬涂层的底表面之间形成一锐角，所述锐角大于0°且小于或者等于40°。
  16. 如权利要求12所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述晶须包括第一粒子和第二粒子，在所述第一粒子的长度方向上，所述第一粒子的直径相同，所述第二粒子在其长度方向上包括第一端部和第二端部，沿远离所述第二端部的方向，所述第一端部的直径递减。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的液晶显示装置，其中，沿所述第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第二粒子的直径递减；或
    沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的液晶显示装置，其中，沿所述第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第二粒子的直径递减；和
    沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述第二粒子还包括中间部，所述第一端部、所述中间部和所述第二端部依次连接；
    在所述第二粒子的长度方向上，所述中间部的直径相同，沿远离所述第一端部的方向，所述第二端部的直径递减或者所述第二端部的直径相同。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述第一粒子和所述第二粒子的质量之和占所述硬涂层的质量的10%；
    所述第二粒子包括第一类粒子和第二类粒子，每一所述第一类粒子和每一所述第二类粒子在其长度方向上均包括第一端部和第二端部；
    沿所述第一类粒子的第二端部向所述第一端部的方向，所述第一类粒子的直径递减；
    沿远离所述第二类粒子的第一端部的方向，所述第二类粒子的第二端部的直径递减；
    所有所述第一粒子的质量、所有所述第一类粒子的质量和所有所述第二类粒子的质量之比为（1~10）：（40~70）：（20~60）。
PCT/CN2023/102134 2023-04-13 2023-06-25 偏光片和液晶显示装置 Ceased WO2024212352A1 (zh)

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