Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
  • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
  • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
  • B09B3/27—Binding by sodium silicate, e.g. cement or water glass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
  • C04B18/30—Mixed waste; Waste of undefined composition
  • C04B18/305—Municipal waste
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
  • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00267—Materials permeable to vapours or gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
  • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
  • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the invention relates to a construction material, in particular a non-combustible water- resistant vapour permeable material made from crushed material from sorted or unsorted municipal mixed waste, in particular from crushed material of paper, plastics, metals, glass, ash, textiles and biological waste, for the production of boards, panels, bricks and parts of various shapes, and the method of its production.
• a construction material in particular a non-combustible water- resistant vapour permeable material made from crushed material from sorted or unsorted municipal mixed waste, in particular from crushed material of paper, plastics, metals, glass, ash, textiles and biological waste, for the production of boards, panels, bricks and parts of various shapes, and the method of its production.
• binders Polyurethane binders or phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and other resins are used as binders.
• Patent document GZ PV 1990-2151 A3 discloses a mixture for surface treatment, which contains cork and rubber waste crushed material, volcanic glass and limestone as the filler, the binder is an acrylate dispersion.
• the disadvantage of the material is its high density and. due to the organic origin of the binder, especially its low heat resistance.
• Patent document RU 2634451 C1 discloses a board made of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials including rice husks, straw, corn cobs, wool and cotton, where the binder is organic polymers such as polyacrylamide.
• the disadvantage of this board is its high combustibility.
• Patent document CZ PV 1998-1690 A3 discloses a mixture based on sodium water glass, halogen, sulfate and carbonate salts and ethylene glycol with crushed paper, hemp fibre or wood sawdust supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol, which is complicatedly pressed and dried. Wood sawdust with organic glue and water are also used. The material with wood is thermally stable at 800 °C, but it is not fireproof.
• Another disadvantage is low vapour permeability.
• the objective of the invention is the construction of a water-resistant material that will have high fire resistance and will be vapour permeable, ecological and harmless to health, recyclable, resistance external influences and biological attack.
• a non-combustible water-resistant vapour permeable material from shredded mixed waste, in particular from crushed material of paper, plastics, metals, glass, ash, textiles and biological waste, for the production of boards, panels, bricks and parts of various shapes, the essence of which is that it consists of a mixture that contains 50 to 73 wt% of the crushed material from mixed waste, 22.9 to 47 wt% of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, 2 to 4 wt% of an aqueous solution of potassium silicate and 0.1 to 1 wt% of a water glass stabilizer.
• the advantage of the material is its lightness, strength, vapour permeability, high fire resistance and high water resistance. At the same time, the material has anti-fungal effects, resistance to biological attack and external influences, is ecological and harmless to health. It is very advantageous when the surface of the crushed material from mixed waste, is provided with soot, wherein pure soot constitutes 0.025 to 0.25 wt% of the total weight.
• soot arranged in this way reduces combustibility, with the fact that the soot is preferably absorbed to a certain extent into the crushed material, which stabilizes Its bond with the soot.
• the advantage is that the soot acts as a flame coretardant.
• the aqueous solution of silicate is an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and an aqueous solution of potassium silicate.
• the crushed material from mixed municipal waste is dried crushed material of paper, plastics, metals, glass, ash, textiles and biological waste.
• water glass stabilizer is a hydrophilic hydroxyalkyiethylenediamine.
• the aqueous solution of sodium silicate has a density in the range of 1370 to 1400 kg/m 3 and when the molar ratio of SiO 2 to Na 2 O is in the range of 3.2 to 3.4.
• the advantage is that such water glass is partially flexible after solidification.
• the aqueous solution of potassium silicate has a density in the range of 1650 to 1670 kg/m 3 and when the molar ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 O is in the range of 1.67 to 1.73.
• the advantage is that such a mixture has greater resistance to flame.
• the material from the crushed material from mixed waste further contains a water glass hardener.
• the main advantage of the insulating material and the method of its production according to ths invention is that it is highly non-combustible.
• the entire surface of the crushed material from waste is covered with soot, which acts as a flame co-retardant.
• soot acts as a flame co-retardant.
• sodium water glass is used as a binder, which, after drying, resembles classic glass in its composition and properties. It is very hard, abrasionresistant, heat-resistant up to temperatures of 1000 °C, water-resistant and vapour permeable. At the same time, it is ecological and harmless to health. It reflects UV radiation well, ft does not release any organic toxic substances.
• This binder has excellent adhesive and sealing effects and good adhesion to common base materials. This binder can be used to bond crushed material very well and effectively.
• the non-combustible water-resistant vapour permeable material made from crushed material from municipal waste is made of a mixture that contains 73 wt% of the crushed material 22.9 wt% of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, 4 wt% of an aqueous solution of potassium silicate and 0.1 wt% of a water glass stabilizer.
• the water glass stabilizer is hydrophilic hydroxyalkylethylenediamine, in the form of a 98% aqueous solution of N,N,N' ,N ⁇ Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine.
• the aqueous solution of sodium silicate has a density of 1370 kg/m 3 and its molar ratio of SiO 2 to Na 2 O is 3.2.
• the aqueous solution of potassium silicate has a density of 1650 kg/m 3 and its molar ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 O is 1 .67.
• the material from the crushed material from municipal waste further contains a water glass hardener, which is a mixture of pure glycerol diacetate/triaoetate in a ratio of 7:3 parts by volume, with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 wt% to pure water glass.
• a water glass hardener which is a mixture of pure glycerol diacetate/triaoetate in a ratio of 7:3 parts by volume, with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 wt% to pure water glass.
• the con-combustible water-resistant material made of straw is made of a mixture that contains 50 wt% of the crushed material from mixed waste, 47 wt% of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, 2 wt% of an aqueous solution of potassium silicate and 1 wt
• the water glass stabilizer is hydrophilic hydroxyalkyiethylenedlamine. in the form of a
• the aqueous solution of sodium silicate has a density of 1400 kg/m 3 and its molar ratio of SiO 2 to Na 2 O is 3.4.
• the aqueous solution of potassium silicate has a density of 1670 kg/m 3 and its molar ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 O is 1.73.
• the material from the crushed material further contains a water glass hardener, which is a mixture of pure glycerol diaoetate/triacetate in a ratio of 7:3 parts by volume, with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 wt% to pure water glass.
• a water glass hardener which is a mixture of pure glycerol diaoetate/triacetate in a ratio of 7:3 parts by volume, with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 wt% to pure water glass.
• the dried crushed material is mixed with a soot solution so that its entire surface is covered with soot, then an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and potassium silicate is mixed, and a water glass stabilizer is added to the resulting solution, and then a water glass hardener is mixed into this solution, wherein further this solution is stirred for 5 minutes so that a binder solution is formed, and then the mixture of the crushed material from municipal waste is inserted into the binder solution with constant stirring and everything Is mixed, and then the resulting mixture is divided into two parts, the first half of the mixture is poured into a form, a glass reinforcing fabric is laid on top of the mixture and the second half of the mixture is then poured in and everything is compressed with a press under a pressure of 10 MPa when cold. The resulting mixture is finally left undisturbed until it hardens.
• the non-combustible water-resistant vapour permeable material made from crushed material from municipal waste is made of a mixture that contains 57.6 wt% of the crushed material from municipal waste, 39.3 wt% of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, 2.8 wt% of an aqueous solution of potassium silicate and 0.3 wt% of a water glass stabilizer.
• the water glass stabilizer is hydrophilic hydroxyalkylethylenediamine, in the form of a 98% aqueous solution of N,N,N' ,N ⁇ Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine.
• the aqueous solution of sodium silicate has a density of 1390 kg/m 3 and its malar ratio of SiO 2 to Na 2 O is 3.3.
• the aqueous solution of potassium silicate has a density of 1660 kg/m 3 and its molar ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 O is 1 .70.
• the material from the crushed material further contains a water glass hardener, which is a mixture of pure glycerol diacetate/triacetate in a ratio of 7:3 parts by volume, with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 wt% to pure water glass.
• a water glass hardener which is a mixture of pure glycerol diacetate/triacetate in a ratio of 7:3 parts by volume, with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 wt% to pure water glass.
• the dried crushed materia! is mixed with a soot solution so that its entire surface is covered with soot, then an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and potassium silicate is mixed, and a water glass stabilizer is added to the resulting solution, and then a water glass hardener is mixed into this solution, wherein further this solution is stirred for 5 minutes so that a binder solution is formed, and then the mixture of the crushed material from municipal waste is inserted into the binder solution with constant stirring and everything is mixed, and then the resulting mixture is divided into two parts, the first half of the mixture is poured into a form, a glass reinforcing fabric is laid on top of the mixture and the second half of the mixture is then poured in and everything is compressed with a press under a pressure of 10 MPa when cold. The resulting mixture is finally left undisturbed until it hardens.
• the non-combustibte. water-resistant, vapour permeable material made from crushed material from mixed waste according to the invention can be used for the production of shaped products or flat boards, which are useful especially in the construction industry.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=88093197

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2023
  • 2023-02-27 CZ CZ2023-74A patent/CZ309778B6/cs unknown
• 2024
  • 2024-02-26 WO PCT/CZ2024/000007 patent/WO2024179627A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events