WO2024130675A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电装置和电池单体的制备方法及装置 - Google Patents
电池单体、电池、用电装置和电池单体的制备方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024130675A1 WO2024130675A1 PCT/CN2022/141246 CN2022141246W WO2024130675A1 WO 2024130675 A1 WO2024130675 A1 WO 2024130675A1 CN 2022141246 W CN2022141246 W CN 2022141246W WO 2024130675 A1 WO2024130675 A1 WO 2024130675A1
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- flattened portion
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Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing the battery cell.
- the electrode assembly is the part of the battery cell where the electrochemical reaction occurs. It is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the negative electrode sheet and the positive electrode sheet.
- the electrode assembly can be a flat structure, a cylindrical structure, etc.
- a cylindrical electrode assembly there is a risk of corrosion and leakage in the battery cell during use, which seriously affects the reliability of the battery cell.
- the present application provides a battery cell, including an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly including: a main body, and a pole ear, which is arranged at at least one end of the main body along a preset direction; wherein the pole ear includes a first flattened portion and a second flattened portion, the second flattened portion surrounds the outer periphery of the first flattened portion, and along the preset direction, the first flattened portion protrudes beyond the second flattened portion.
- the electrode assembly described above flattens the pole ear to different depths, so that the pole ear forms two regions with a depth difference from the inside to the outside, namely, the first flattened portion and the second flattened portion.
- the second flattened portion of the outer circle is controlled to be lower than the first flattened portion of the inner circle, so that when the electrode assembly is encapsulated in the shell, the second flattened portion close to the inner wall of the shell is in a lower position.
- the second flattened portion is tilted due to the internal accumulated elastic force, it cannot bypass the circumferential structure of the pole ear, such as the top of the first insulating member, and overlap the inner wall of the shell. In this way, the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the overlap of the pole ear and the shell is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the phenomenon of battery cell leakage and improving reliability.
- the density of the first flattened portion is recorded as Q1
- the density of the second flattened portion is recorded as Q2
- the condition satisfied between Q1 and Q2 is: Q2>Q1.
- the density of the second flattened portion is higher than that of the first flattened portion, so that the portion of the tab close to the outer ring is more flattened and not easy to warp, effectively reducing the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the tab warping and overlapping the shell.
- the condition between Q1 and Q2 is also satisfied: 105% ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 140%.
- reasonable control of the ratio of Q2/Q1 can effectively reduce the risk of the second flattened portion warping and overlapping the shell; at the same time, it also reduces structural damage to the tab.
- Q1/Q2 also satisfies the condition: 105% ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 130%. In this way, the ratio of Q2/Q1 is further reasonably controlled, and the damage to the tab structure caused by excessive flattening of the second flattened portion is effectively reduced while reducing the risk of the second flattened portion warping and overlapping the shell.
- the height of the first flattened portion protruding from the second flattened portion is recorded as h1, 1mm ⁇ h1 ⁇ 4mm. In this way, the height difference between the first flattened portion and the second flattened portion is controlled between 1mm and 4mm, so that the second flattened portion is at a lower position, so that the raised second flattened portion is less likely to overlap the inner wall of the shell.
- h1 also satisfies the condition: 1mm ⁇ h1 ⁇ 2.5mm. In this way, the value of h1 is further reasonably controlled, and the damage to the tab caused by excessive flattening of the second flattened portion is effectively reduced while reducing the risk of the second flattened portion warping and overlapping the shell.
- the second flattened portion includes an inner edge adjacent to the first flattened portion and an outer edge surrounding the inner edge, and the distance between the inner edge and the outer edge is L, 1mm ⁇ L ⁇ 5mm. In this way, the value of the distance L is reasonably controlled, and a reasonable welding area is provided on the first flattened portion to improve the current capacity while reducing the risk of the tab tilting and the shell overlapping.
- L also satisfies the condition: 1mm ⁇ L ⁇ 3mm. In this way, the value of L is further reasonably controlled, and the welding area of the first flattened portion is increased as much as possible under the premise of effectively reducing the risk of the tab lifting and the overlap of the shell, so as to further improve the current capacity.
- the second flattened portion includes an inner edge adjacent to the first flattened portion and an outer edge surrounding the inner edge, and the distance between the inner edge and the outer edge is recorded as L; along the preset direction, the height of the first flattened portion protruding from the second flattened portion is recorded as h1, and the condition between L and h1 is: L>h1.
- the height h1 is controlled to be less than the distance L, so that even if the first flattened portion is bent, it cannot extend beyond the second flattened portion and overlap with the shell, effectively reducing the probability of corrosion and leakage caused by the overlap between the first flattened portion and the shell.
- the electrode assembly is configured as a cylindrical structure.
- the outer diameter of the electrode assembly at the main body is recorded as Y
- half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the second flattened portion is recorded as L.
- the condition satisfied between Y and L is: In this way, an inequality relationship between Y and L is set so that the two parameters are interrelated to achieve the optimal value of L under battery cells of different diameters, which neither affects the flow area of the first flattened portion nor reduces the probability of the tab being lifted and overlapped with the shell.
- the electrode assembly includes a diaphragm, and along a preset direction, the first flattened portion and the second flattened portion are both protruding from the diaphragm. In this way, the first flattened portion and the second flattened portion are both protruding from the diaphragm, which can reduce the possibility of the tab crushing the diaphragm when flattening.
- the battery cell further includes: a shell having an opening and accommodating an electrode assembly therein, with the electrode tabs arranged toward the corresponding opening; a first insulating member located in the shell and surrounding the outer periphery of the second flattened portion and protruding from the second flattened portion along a preset direction.
- the height of the first insulating member protruding from the second flattened portion along the preset direction is recorded as h2, 7mm ⁇ h2 ⁇ 15mm. In this way, the value of the height h2 can be reasonably controlled to reduce the possibility of the fully raised second flattened portion overlapping the housing and causing corrosion and leakage, and reduce the waste of space above the second flattened portion.
- h2 also satisfies the condition: 10 mm ⁇ h2 ⁇ 15 mm.
- increasing the lower limit of h2 enables the protruding portion of the first insulating member to further reduce the possibility of overlap between the raised second flattened portion and the housing.
- the first insulating member protrudes from the first flattened portion in a preset direction.
- the design of protruding the first insulating member from the first flattened portion is not only conducive to strengthening the protection of the second flattened portion, but also conducive to improving the protection of the first flattened portion.
- the battery cell further includes an end cap assembly covering the opening, and the first insulating member is in contact with the end cap assembly.
- the contact design between the end cap assembly and the first insulating member in a preset direction can effectively prevent the first flattened portion or the second flattened portion from extending and warping in a direction perpendicular to the preset direction, greatly reducing the probability of the tab being overlapped with the shell after being warped.
- the end cap assembly includes an end cap and a second insulating member, the end cap is disposed on the opening, the second insulating member is disposed on the side of the end cap facing the electrode assembly, and the first insulating member is disposed around at least part of the outer periphery of the second insulating member and in contact with the second insulating member.
- At least part of the second insulating member is disposed around the outer periphery of the first flattened portion, thereby further improving the protection of the first flattened portion, reducing the risk of the first flattened portion overlapping the housing, and further improving the reliability of the battery cell.
- the end of the second insulating member away from the end cap is located within the enclosure of the first insulating member, and the distance between the end of the first insulating member facing the end cap in the preset direction is recorded as h3, 3mm ⁇ h3 ⁇ 8mm. In this way, the reasonable control of the distance h3 between the first insulating member and the second insulating member can effectively reduce the possibility of the raised first flattened portion or the second flattened portion passing through the gap between the first insulating member and the second insulating member and overlapping the housing.
- the first insulating member is bonded to the circumferential side of the second insulating member.
- Such a design allows the two to be stably combined, which can effectively reduce the risk of the raised first flattened portion or the second flattened portion expanding the gap between the first insulating member and the second insulating member and overlapping the housing.
- the end cap assembly includes an electrode terminal
- the second insulating member includes a main body and an extension portion connected to each other, the main body is located between the end cap and the electrode terminal, and the extension portion extends from the main body toward the electrode assembly and surrounds the outer periphery of the first flattened portion.
- the present application provides a battery comprising any of the above battery cells.
- the present application provides an electrical device, comprising any of the above batteries, the battery being used to provide electrical energy.
- the present application provides a method for preparing a battery cell, comprising the following steps: providing an electrode assembly; flattening the electrode ears of the electrode assembly to different depths to form a first flattened portion and a second flattened portion surrounding the first flattened portion, wherein the first flattened portion protrudes beyond the second flattened portion along a preset direction of the electrode assembly.
- the above-mentioned method for preparing the battery cell performs a flattening process of different depths on the pole ear, so that the pole ear forms a first flattened portion and a second flattened portion with a depth difference.
- the second flattened portion close to the inner wall of the shell is in a lower position.
- the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the overlap of the pole ear and the shell is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the phenomenon of battery cell leakage and improving reliability.
- the present application provides a battery cell preparation device, comprising: a driving mechanism; a kneading wheel, driven by the driving mechanism and rotating around its own axis; wherein the kneading wheel comprises a wheel body and a kneading convex portion, the kneading convex portion is arranged on the kneading plane of the wheel body, and is extended circumferentially around the wheel body.
- the above-mentioned battery cell preparation device is provided with a ring-shaped flattening convex portion on the kneading plane of the wheel body.
- the flattening convex portion preferentially acts on the pole ear; after being kneaded to a certain depth, the kneading plane contacts and flattens the inner ring area of the pole ear.
- the pole ear can form a first flattening portion and a second flattening portion with a depth difference.
- the second flattening portion close to the inner wall of the shell is in a lower position.
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the electrode assembly in FIG5 ;
- FIG7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at circle A in FIG6 ;
- FIG8 is a partial structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a kneading wheel provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist.
- a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
- the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
- multiple refers to more than two (including two).
- multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
- Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.
- the end face of the tab is usually flattened to increase the welding area, etc.
- the flattened tab will accumulate elastic force, and when the battery cell is assembled, the tab will not immediately rise due to the accumulated elastic force. Instead, after the battery cell has been used for a period of time, the tab will rise due to the accumulated elastic force and overlap with the inner wall of the shell, causing electrochemical corrosion on the battery cell and leakage. For example: electrochemical corrosion will cause the voltage or current in the battery cell to increase, causing the pressure relief mechanism (such as explosion-proof membrane, etc.) on the battery cell to be easily punctured, causing leakage of the battery cell, etc.
- a first insulating member such as tab glue
- a first insulating member is attached to the outer periphery of the tab to prevent the tab from lapped against the shell.
- the applicant has designed a battery cell after in-depth research.
- the pole ear is flattened to different depths, so that the pole ear forms two areas with a depth difference from the inside to the outside, and the second flattened part is lower than the first flattened part.
- the second flattened part close to the inner wall of the shell is in a lower position.
- the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the overlap of the pole ear and the shell is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the phenomenon of battery cell leakage and improving reliability.
- the flattening design with different depths can reduce the chance of the ear curling up and overlapping the shell, which is also helpful in solving the problem of short circuit of battery cells during use.
- the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships or aircraft.
- a power supply system comprising the battery cells and batteries disclosed in the present application can be used to form the electrical device.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source
- the electric device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
- the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, etc.
- the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
- a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
- the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
- the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and driving power requirements of the vehicle 1000.
- the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
- the battery 100 includes a housing.
- the type of housing is not limited.
- the housing may be a frame-shaped housing, a disc-shaped housing, a box-shaped housing, etc.
- the battery 100 may be directly designed as a module-free structure, or may be designed as a battery module 400 structure, etc.
- the housing includes a bottom shell 101 and an upper cover 102 covering the bottom shell 101.
- the bottom shell 101 and the upper cover 102 are covered to form a receiving portion.
- the battery 100 includes a plurality of cylindrical battery cells 10, such as cylindrical battery cells, hexagonal battery cells, etc.
- a cylindrical battery cell refers to a battery cell 10 having a cylindrical structure in appearance.
- a plurality of battery cells 10 may form a battery 100, or a plurality of battery cells 10 may first form a battery module 400, and a plurality of battery modules 400 may then form a battery 100.
- the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 10, wherein the plurality of battery cells 10 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid connection, wherein hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series connection and parallel connection.
- the plurality of battery cells 10 may be directly disposed in the receiving portion of the box to form the battery 100.
- the battery 100 includes a housing 401 and a battery cell 10 disposed in the housing 401.
- the housing 401 includes a barrel 40a, a first cover 40b and a second cover 40c.
- the first cover 40b and the second cover 40c are respectively disposed at both ends of the barrel 40a.
- the first cover 40b and the second cover 40c are respectively detachably connected to the barrel 40a.
- the first cover 40b and the second cover 40c can be respectively snap-fitted to the barrel 40a or connected using screws.
- the barrel 40a, the first cover 40b and the second cover 40c are assembled to form a storage space.
- the battery cell 10 is disposed in the storage space of the housing 401.
- the battery cell 10 of the embodiment of the present application includes a shell 11 and an electrode assembly 12 disposed in the shell 11.
- the shell 11 of the embodiment of the present application is a cylindrical structure.
- the shell 11 has an internal space for accommodating the electrode assembly 12 and the electrolyte and an opening 111 connected to the internal space.
- the electrode assembly 12 can be loaded into the shell 11 from the opening 111 of the shell 11.
- the shell 11 can be made of materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy or plastic.
- the electrode assembly 12 includes a pole ear 13. Along the preset direction X, the pole ear 13 is located at one end of the electrode assembly 12.
- the battery cell 10 of the embodiment of the present application further includes an end cap assembly 14 and an adapter 15.
- the end cap assembly 14 includes an end cap 141, a second insulating member 142, and an electrode terminal 143.
- the end cap 141 refers to a component that covers the opening 111 of the shell 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment.
- the shape of the end cap 141 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 11 to match the shell 11.
- the end cap 141 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as an aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 141 is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 10 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
- Functional components such as electrode terminals 143 can be provided on the end cap 141.
- the electrode terminal 143 can be used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 10.
- the end cap 141 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure, temperature, current or voltage of the battery cell 10 reaches a threshold value.
- the material of the end cap 141 may also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on this.
- a second insulating member 142 may also be provided on the inner side of the end cap 141, and the second insulating member 142 may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 11 from the end cap 141 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
- the second insulating member 142 may be plastic, rubber, etc.
- the electrode assembly 12 is a component in the battery cell 10 where an electrochemical reaction occurs.
- the housing 11 may contain one or more electrode assemblies 12.
- the electrode assembly 12 is usually formed by winding a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
- the electrode assembly 12 may be a columnar structure, such as a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal column shape, etc., and a separator 17 is usually provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
- the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may be located at both ends of the main body 121, respectively.
- the positive electrode tab 13 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 143 to form a current loop.
- the present application provides a battery cell 10, and the battery cell 10 includes an electrode assembly 12.
- the electrode assembly 12 includes: a main body 121 and a pole ear 13.
- the pole ear 13 is arranged at at least one end of the main body 121 along a preset direction X.
- the pole ear 13 includes a first flattened portion 131 and a second flattened portion 132, and the second flattened portion 132 surrounds the outer periphery of the first flattened portion 131, and along the preset direction X, the first flattened portion 131 protrudes from the second flattened portion 132.
- the electrode assembly 12 may be designed as a columnar structure, for example, but not limited to, a cylindrical structure, a hexagonal structure, or other multi-prism structures. Meanwhile, the preset direction X may also be understood as the length direction of the electrode assembly 12 .
- the main body 121 refers to the portion of the electrode assembly 12 used to generate electrical energy, for example, a structure formed by winding the portions of the positive and negative electrodes having active materials; the tab 13 refers to a component formed by the portions of the positive and negative electrodes not coated with active materials, which can also be understood as the end portion 122 of the main body 121 extending along a preset direction X.
- the tabs 13 may be arranged at one end of the electrode assembly 12; or they may be arranged at opposite ends of the electrode assembly 12.
- the positive tabs and the negative tabs are respectively located at opposite ends of the electrode assembly 12; when the tabs 13 are arranged at one end of the electrode assembly 12, it means that the positive and negative tabs 13 are both located on the same side of the electrode assembly 12. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish the positive and negative tabs 13 on the same end when winding.
- the positive tab when winding the inner circle, the positive tab may be left on the positive electrode sheet, and the negative tab may not be left on the negative electrode sheet; when winding the outer circle, the positive tab may not be left on the positive electrode sheet, and the negative tab may be left on the negative electrode sheet, so that the middle part may be the positive tab, and the outer circle part may be the negative tab, etc.
- the first flattened portion 131 and the second flattened portion 132 refer to the middle and outer ring structures of the tab 13, respectively.
- the end surface of the electrode assembly 12 is flattened in a flattening manner.
- the end surface of the tab 13 after flattening is smoother and more compact, which facilitates the welding of the adapter 15 or the electrode terminal 143 with the tab 13 and improves the strength of the welding structure.
- the first flattened portion 131 protrudes from the second flattened portion 132 , which means that the first flattened portion 131 is higher than the second flattened portion 132 .
- the flattening depth at the second flattened portion 132 is relatively deeper.
- the second flattened portion 132 close to the inner wall of the shell 11 is at a lower position. At this time, even if the second flattened portion 132 is tilted due to the internally accumulated elastic force, it cannot bypass the circumferential structure of the tab 13, such as the top of the first insulating member 16, and overlap the inner wall of the shell 11. In this way, the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the overlap between the tab 13 and the shell 11 is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the leakage of the battery cell 10 and improving reliability.
- the density of the first flattened portion 131 is recorded as Q1
- the density of the second flattened portion 132 is recorded as Q2
- the condition satisfied between Q1 and Q2 is: Q2>Q1.
- the compactness refers to the flattened density at the first flattened portion 131 or the second flattened portion 132.
- the following test methods can be used, such as: 1.
- the compactness at the first flattened portion 131 cut the first flattened portion 131 along the radial direction Z of the electrode assembly 12 and weigh it as m; measure the diameter d and thickness h of the cut first flattened portion 131; according to The density at the second flattened portion 132 is calculated by the formula; 2.
- the test method of the density at the second flattened portion 132 is substantially the same as that of the first flattened portion 131, except that the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the second flattened portion 132 need to be tested (ie, the second flattened portion 132 is a ring structure).
- the density of the second flattened portion 132 is higher than that of the first flattened portion 131, so that the portion of the pole ear 13 close to the outer ring is flattened to a higher degree and is not easy to warp, effectively reducing the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the pole ear 13 warping and overlapping the shell 11.
- the condition satisfied between Q1 and Q2 is: 105% ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 140%.
- the ratio of Q2/Q1 can be a value between 105% and 140%, for example, Q2/Q1 can be but not limited to 105%, 110%, 120%, 140%, etc. If Q2/Q1 is too small, such as less than 105%, the degree of flattening of the second flattened portion 132 is equivalent to that of the first flattened portion 131, and a large depth difference cannot be formed, resulting in the second flattened portion 132 being easily lifted and overlapped with the shell 11; if Q2/Q1 is too large, such as greater than 140%, it means that the second flattened portion 132 is excessively flattened, which not only affects the assembly of the electrode assembly 12, but also easily damages the structure of the tab 13 due to excessive flattening force.
- Q1/Q2 further satisfies the condition: 105% ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 130%.
- the ratio of Q2/Q1 may be a value between 105% and 130%, for example, Q2/Q1 may be but not limited to 105%, 110%, 120%, 130%, etc. Further limiting the upper limit of Q2/Q1 may reduce the occurrence of excessive flattening in the second flattening portion 132 .
- the ratio of Q2/Q1 is further reasonably controlled, and the damage to the structure of the tab 13 caused by excessive flattening of the second flattened portion 132 is effectively reduced while reducing the risk of the second flattened portion 132 being lifted and overlapping the shell 11.
- the height of the first flattened portion 131 protruding from the second flattened portion 132 is denoted as h1, 1 millimeter (mm) ⁇ h1 ⁇ 4 mm.
- the first flattened portion 131 protrudes from the second flattened portion 132, which means that the second flattened portion 132 is lower than the first flattened portion 131.
- the height h1 of the second flattened portion 132 below the first flattened portion 131 may be between 1 mm and 4 mm, for example, the height h1 may be but is not limited to 1 mm or 4 mm.
- the height difference between the first flattened portion 131 and the second flattened portion 132 is controlled to be between 1 mm and 4 mm, so that the second flattened portion 132 is located lower, thereby making it more difficult for the raised second flattened portion 132 to overlap the inner wall of the housing 11 .
- h1 also satisfies the condition: 1 mm ⁇ h1 ⁇ 2.5 mm.
- the height h1 of the second flattened portion 132 below the first flattened portion 131 may be between 1 mm and 2.5 mm, for example, the height h1 may be, but is not limited to, 1 mm or 2.5 mm.
- the upper limit of h1 is limited to limit the flattening drop of the second flattened portion 132 to exceed 2.5 mm, thereby reducing the risk of over-flattening.
- h1 The value of h1 is further reasonably controlled, and the risk of the second flattened portion 132 tilting up and overlapping the shell 11 is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the tab 13 caused by excessive flattening of the second flattened portion 132 .
- the second flattened portion 132 includes an inner edge 13a adjacent to the first flattened portion 131 and an outer edge 13b surrounding the inner edge 13a , and the distance between the inner edge 13a and the outer edge 13b is L, 1mm ⁇ L ⁇ 5mm.
- the specific testing method of the spacing L can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 12. For example, when the electrode assembly 12 is a cylindrical structure, the spacing L can be half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the second flattened portion 132 in the radial direction Z of the electrode assembly 12; or, when the electrode assembly 12 is other polygonal structures, the inner edge 13a and the outer edge 13b are both polygonal. At this time, a perpendicular line can be drawn between the inner edge 13a and the outer edge 13b, and the length of the perpendicular line is the spacing L, etc.
- the spacing L can be a value between 1 mm and 5 mm, for example, the spacing L can be, but is not limited to, 1 mm or 5 mm. If the spacing L is too small, the first flattened portion 131 will be too close to the inner wall of the shell 11, causing the risk of the tab 13 overlapping the shell 11; if the spacing L is too large, the welding area between the first flattened portion 131 and the adapter 15 will be reduced, affecting the current carrying capacity of the battery cell 10.
- the value of the spacing L is properly controlled, so that a reasonable welding area is provided on the first flattened portion 131 while reducing the risk of the tab 13 being lifted and overlapping the shell 11, so as to improve the current carrying capacity.
- L also satisfies the condition: 1 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 3 mm.
- the spacing L can be a value between 1 mm and 3 mm, for example, the spacing L can be but not limited to 1 mm or 3 mm.
- the upper limit of L is limited to increase the welding area between the first flattened portion 131 and the adapter 15, and reduce the influence of the flattened width of the second flattened portion 132 on the current density of the tab 13.
- the value of L is further reasonably controlled, and the welding area of the first flattened portion 131 is increased as much as possible while effectively reducing the risk of the tab 13 being lifted and overlapping the shell 11, so as to further improve the current carrying capacity.
- the second flattened portion 132 includes an inner edge 13a adjacent to the first flattened portion 131 and an outer edge 13b surrounding the inner edge 13a, and the distance between the inner edge 13a and the outer edge 13b is recorded as L.
- the height of the first flattened portion 131 protruding from the second flattened portion 132 is recorded as h1, and the condition between L and h1 is also satisfied: L>h1.
- the height h1 is greater than the distance L, it means that when the first flattened portion 131 is bent toward one side of the second flattened portion 132 , the bent first flattened portion 131 at least partially exceeds the second flattened portion 132 and overlaps the housing 11 .
- the height h1 is controlled to be smaller than the spacing L, so that even if the first flattened portion 131 is bent, it cannot extend beyond the second flattened portion 132 and overlap the shell 11, effectively reducing the probability of corrosion and leakage caused by the overlap between the first flattened portion 131 and the shell 11.
- the electrode assembly 12 is constructed as a cylindrical structure.
- the outer diameter of the electrode assembly 12 at the main body 121 is recorded as Y
- half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the second flattened portion 132 is recorded as L.
- the conditions satisfied between Y and L are:
- the inner edge 13a and the outer edge 13b on the second flattened portion 132 are two concentric circles, and therefore, half of the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter is the distance between the inner edge 13a and the outer edge 13b.
- L when designing the L value, it can be determined according to the outer diameter of the electrode assembly 12, such as: In some examples, when the outer diameter of the cylindrical electrode assembly 12 is 46 mm, L may be: 1.80 mm to 5.77 mm; when the outer diameter of the cylindrical electrode assembly 12 is 34 mm, L may be: 0.82 mm to 3.46 mm, etc.
- the electrode assembly 12 includes a diaphragm 17 , and along a preset direction X, the first flattened portion 131 and the second flattened portion 132 are both protruding from the diaphragm 17 .
- the diaphragm 17 refers to a porous plastic film that ensures that lithium ions can pass freely to form a circuit, while preventing the two electrodes from contacting each other and playing an electronic insulation role. Its type can be selected from but not limited to polyethylene monolayer film, polypropylene monolayer film, etc.
- the diaphragm 17 in the preset direction X, is generally designed to extend beyond the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, that is, the diaphragm 17 can extend beyond the end 122 of the main body 121.
- the end 122 of the main body 121 can be understood as one end of the coating area of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
- the first flattened portion 131 and the second flattened portion 132 are both arranged to protrude from the diaphragm 17 , which can reduce the risk of the tab 13 crushing the diaphragm 17 when being flattened.
- the battery cell 10 further includes: a housing 11 and a first insulating member 16.
- the housing 11 has an opening 111, and the electrode assembly 12 is accommodated therein, and the tab 13 is arranged toward the corresponding opening 111.
- the first insulating member 16 is located in the housing 11, and is arranged around the outer periphery of the second flattened portion 132, and protrudes from the second flattened portion 132 along a preset direction X.
- the shell 11 is a component for forming an internal environment of the battery 100, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 12, electrolyte and other components.
- the shell 11 may have one or two openings 111. When there are two openings 111, the two openings 111 are respectively arranged at opposite ends of the shell 11 along the preset direction X. At the same time, if there are two tabs 13, and the two tabs 13 are respectively located at the two ends of the electrode assembly 12, the two tabs 13 are respectively arranged toward the corresponding openings 111.
- the first insulating member 16 is a member that protects the second flattened portion 132 and can reduce the risk of the second flattened portion 132 directly contacting the inner wall of the housing 11 when the second flattened portion 132 is lifted.
- the first insulating member 16 is disposed outside the second flattened portion 132 and is a closed annular structure.
- the material of the first insulating member 16 can be, but is not limited to, ear glue.
- a first insulating member 16 is disposed on the outer periphery of the second flattened portion 132 to effectively protect the second flattened portion 132 from warping, further reducing the possibility of corrosion and leakage caused by the warping of the tab 13 and overlapping the housing 11.
- the height of the first insulating member 16 protruding outside the second flattened portion 132 is denoted as h2, 7mm ⁇ h2 ⁇ 15mm.
- the height of the first insulating member 16 protruding out of the second flattened portion 132 may be between 7 mm and 15 mm.
- the height h2 may be, but is not limited to, 7 mm or 15 mm.
- the completely raised second flattened portion 132 can bypass the top of the first insulating member 16 and overlap the shell 11; if the height h2 is too large, such as greater than 15 mm, the space above the second flattened portion 132 will be wasted.
- the first insulating member 16 is tab glue
- the height h2 will exceed the height of the tab glue itself, resulting in the tab glue being unable to be adhered to the outer periphery of the second flattened portion 132 .
- Reasonable control of the value of the height h2 can reduce the possibility of the completely warped second flattened portion 132 overlapping the housing 11 and causing corrosion and leakage; and can also reduce the waste of space above the second flattened portion 132.
- h2 also satisfies the condition: 10 mm ⁇ h2 ⁇ 15 mm.
- the height h2 may be a value between 10 mm and 15 mm.
- the height h2 may be, but is not limited to, 10 mm or 15 mm.
- the protruding portion of the first insulating member 16 can further reduce the possibility of overlap between the raised second flattened portion 132 and the housing 11.
- the first insulating member 16 has a first flattened portion 131 protruding in a preset direction X.
- the first insulating member 16 In addition to surrounding the second flattened portion 132, the first insulating member 16 also surrounds at least a portion of the first flattened portion 131. At this time, the first insulating member 16 also plays a certain protective role on the first flattened portion 131.
- Designing the first insulating member 16 to protrude from the first flattened portion 131 is not only beneficial for strengthening the protection of the second flattened portion 132 , but also beneficial for improving the protection of the first flattened portion 131 .
- the battery cell 10 further includes an end cover assembly 14 covering the opening 111.
- the first insulating member 16 is in contact with the end cover assembly 14.
- the first insulating member 16 is in contact with the end cover assembly 14 , which means that there is no fault between the end cover assembly 14 and the first insulating member 16 in the preset direction X, that is, extending in a direction perpendicular to the preset direction X, and is either blocked by the end cover assembly 14 or by the first insulating member 16 .
- the number of the end cover assemblies 14 may be determined according to the openings 111 . For example, when there are two openings 111 , there are two end cover assemblies 14 , and they are disposed one-to-one corresponding to the openings 111 .
- Designing the end cap assembly 14 and the first insulating member 16 to contact each other in the preset direction X can effectively prevent the first flattened portion 131 or the second flattened portion 132 from extending and warping perpendicular to the preset direction X, greatly reducing the probability of the tab 13 overlapping the shell 11 after being warped.
- the end cover assembly 14 includes an end cover 141 and a second insulating member 142, the end cover 141 is covered on the opening 111, the second insulating member 142 is arranged on the side of the end cover 141 facing the electrode assembly 12, and the first insulating member 16 is arranged around at least part of the outer periphery of the second insulating member 142 and is in contact with the second insulating member 142.
- the end cover 141 and the housing 11 may be sealed and connected by welding, bonding, or the like to improve the airtightness of the battery cell 10 .
- the second insulating member 142 refers to a member used to isolate the electrical connection member in the housing 11 from the end cap 141 to reduce the risk of short circuit, such as plastic.
- the second insulating member 142 and the first insulating member 16 are designed to contact in the preset direction X, which can form a relatively closed environment for the tab 13.
- the second insulating member 142 and the first insulating member 16 can be connected to each other, or they can be unconnected and only set in a conflicting manner.
- At least a portion of the second insulating member 142 is disposed around the outer periphery of the first flattened portion 131 .
- At least part of the second insulating member 142 is arranged around the outer periphery of the first flattened portion 131, and the first flattened portion 131 can be protected.
- the second insulating member 142 has a recess 14d on the side facing away from the end cover 141, and the first flattened portion 131 is at least partially accommodated in the recess 14d, so that the first insulating member 16 can better protect the first flattened portion 131, and further reduce the risk of overlap between the first flattened portion 131 and the housing 11.
- the distance between the end surface of the first flattened portion 131 and the bottom surface of the recess 14d can be controlled to be greater than or equal to 3mm.
- Arranging at least part of the edge member 142 around the outer periphery of the first flattened portion 131 can further enhance the protection of the first flattened portion 131 , reduce the risk of the first flattened portion 131 overlapping the housing 11 , and further enhance the reliability of the battery cell 10 .
- the end of the second insulating member 142 away from the end cover 141 is located in the enclosure of the first insulating member 16, and the distance between the end of the first insulating member 16 facing the end cover 141 in the preset direction X is recorded as h3, 3mm ⁇ h3 ⁇ 8mm.
- the projections in the direction perpendicular to the preset direction X also overlap.
- this overlap may be related to the group margin of the electrode assembly 12, which will not be described in detail here.
- the end of the second insulating member 142 away from the end cover 141 is located within the encirclement of the first insulating member 16, which means that in the preset direction X, one end of the second insulating member 142 extends into the encirclement of the first insulating member 16 and is lower than the end of the first insulating member 16 facing the end cover 141.
- the distance h3 may be a value between 3 mm and 8 mm, for example, h3 may be but is not limited to 3 mm or 8 mm.
- Reasonable control of the distance h3 between the first insulating member 16 and the second insulating member 142 can effectively reduce the possibility that the lifted first flattened portion 131 or the second flattened portion 132 passes through the gap between the first insulating member 16 and the second insulating member 142 and overlaps the housing 11 .
- the end cap assembly 14 includes an electrode terminal 143
- the second insulating member 142 includes a body 14a and an extension portion 14b connected to each other.
- the body 14a is located between the end cap 141 and the electrode terminal 143
- the extension portion 14b extends and protrudes from the body 14a toward the electrode assembly 12 and is arranged around the outer periphery of the first flattened portion 131.
- the body 14a and the extension 14b refer to partial structures on the second insulating member 142, respectively.
- the body 14a is arranged on a side of the end cap 141 facing the electrode assembly 12, and the extension 14b can also be understood as a structure formed by at least a portion of the body 14a protruding toward one side of the electrode assembly 12.
- a recess 14d can be formed between the body 14a and the extension 14b.
- the extension 14b is arranged on the periphery of the first flattened portion 131 of the pole tab 13, and corresponds to the position of the second flattened portion 132 along the preset direction X.
- the extension 14b of the second insulating member 142 can be inserted into the gap between the first flattened portion 131 and the shell 11 during assembly, so that the extension 14b can guide the first flattened portion 131 to be accurately inserted into the recess 14d of the second insulating member 142.
- the side surface of the extension 14b facing away from the recess 14d includes a guide surface 14c.
- the guide surface 14c can contact the first insulating member 16.
- the guide surface 14c extends in a direction away from the end cover 141 and is inclined toward the side of the recess 14d. In this way, under the guidance of the guide surface 14c, the part on the second insulating member 142 can easily enter the space defined by the first insulating member 16, which is conducive to reducing the probability of the second insulating member 142 directly pressing the first insulating member 16 and causing the first insulating member 16 to collapse, thereby reducing the risk of the first insulating member 16 losing its isolation function.
- Such a design reduces the possibility that the second insulating member 142 squeezes the first flattened portion 131 along the preset direction X during assembly, thereby causing the first flattened portion 131 to be compressed and deformed.
- the extending portion 14b also provides better protection and positioning for the first flattened portion 131 during assembly.
- one end of the first insulating member 16 facing the end cover 141 is bonded to the circumferential side surface of the second insulating member 142 .
- the circumferential side surface of the second insulating member 142 refers to a side surface of the second insulating member 142 facing the inner wall of the housing 11 .
- it includes the guide surface 14c on the extension portion 14b and the like.
- the first insulating member 16 and the second insulating member 142 are bonded together to ensure a stable combination of the two, which can effectively reduce the risk that the raised first flattened portion 131 or the second flattened portion 132 will expand the gap between the first insulating member 16 and the second insulating member 142 and overlap the housing 11 .
- the present application provides a battery 100 including any of the above battery cells 10 .
- the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 in any of the above solutions, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.
- the present application provides a method for preparing a battery cell, comprising the following steps:
- the electrode assembly 12 may be provided in a variety of ways, such as by preparing it through a winding process, or directly providing it through purchasing, etc.
- the electrode assembly 12 of the present application may be cylindrical, hexagonal, or other columnar structures.
- step S200 different areas of the tab 13 are flattened to different depths, for example, the inner area of the tab 13 is flattened shallowly; the outer area of the tab 13 is flattened deeply, etc.
- the flattening of different areas of the tab 13 can be performed simultaneously or in steps, for example, the inner area of the tab 13 is flattened first, and then the outer area of the tab 13 is flattened; or, the outer area of the tab 13 is flattened first, and then the inner area of the tab 13 is flattened.
- the preparation method of the battery cell may also include the following steps: welding the end cover assembly 14 to the first flattened portion 131 after flattening; surrounding the first insulating member 16 around the second flattened portion 132; inserting the electrode assembly 12 into the shell 11, and covering the end cover assembly 14 on the shell 11, so that the second insulating member 142 of the end cover assembly 14 is in conflict with the first insulating member 16.
- the pole ear 13 is subjected to a flattening process of different depths, so that the pole ear 13 forms a first flattened portion 131 and a second flattened portion 132 with a depth difference.
- the second flattened portion 132 close to the inner wall of the shell 11 is at a lower position.
- the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the overlap of the pole ear 13 and the shell 11 is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the leakage of the battery cell 10 and improving the reliability performance.
- the present application provides a battery cell preparation device.
- the battery cell preparation device includes: a driving mechanism and a kneading wheel 20.
- the kneading wheel 20 is driven by the driving mechanism and rotates around its own axis.
- the kneading wheel 20 includes a wheel body 21 and a kneading convex portion 23, and the kneading convex portion 23 is arranged on the kneading plane 22 of the wheel body 21, and is arranged to extend circumferentially around the wheel body 21.
- the driving mechanism refers to a component that provides power for the rotation of the kneading wheel 20, for example, the driving mechanism may be a motor; or the driving mechanism may be a combination of a motor and a transmission mechanism, etc.
- the transmission mechanism may be, but is not limited to, a gear set, a roller and belt combination structure, a gear and chain combination structure, etc.
- the flattening wheel 20 is a component that can apply a flattening force to the end surface of the pole lug 13; and the flattening convex portion 23 is protrudingly arranged on the flattening plane 22 of the wheel body 21, so that during the flattening process, the flattening convex portion 23 and the wheel body 21 respectively form flattening areas of different depths on the pole lug 13.
- the flattening convex portion 23 extends around the wheel body 21, and it can be a closed or non-closed annular structure.
- connection between the flattened convex portion 23 and the wheel body 21 may be, but not limited to, bolt connection, clamping, welding, bonding, integral molding, etc.
- integral molding may be, but not limited to, extrusion, injection molding, die casting, etc.
- a ring-shaped flattening convex portion 23 is provided on the flattening surface 22 of the wheel body 21.
- the flattening convex portion 23 acts on the pole lug 13 first; after flattening to a certain depth, the flattening surface 22 contacts the inner ring area of the pole lug 13 and flattens it.
- the pole lug 13 can form a first flattening portion 131 and a second flattening portion 132 with a depth difference.
- the second flattening portion 132 close to the inner wall of the shell 11 is in a lower position.
- the second flattening portion 132 is tilted due to the internal accumulated elastic force, it cannot bypass the structure around the pole lug 13, such as: the top of the first insulating member 16, etc., and overlap on the inner wall of the shell 11. In this way, the risk of electrochemical corrosion caused by the overlap of the pole lug 13 and the shell 11 is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the phenomenon of leakage of the battery cell 10 and improving reliability.
- the present application provides an electrode assembly 12, in which the tabs 13 of the electrode assembly 12 are step-flattened, the tabs 13 are flattened at a width of 1mm to 5mm from the edge, the flattening depth is deeper, the inner circle is flattened at a shallower depth, and a circle of first insulating members 16 is attached to the outer circle of the tabs 13, so that if the second flattened portion 132 of the outer circle is warped, a higher length is required to cross the top of the first insulating member 16 and overlap the shell 11.
- the first flattened portion 131 of the inner circle is not easy to overlap the shell 11 because it is far away from the first insulating member 16, and the density of the second flattened portion 132 of the outer circle is higher than that of the first flattened portion 131 of the inner circle, so it is less likely that the tabs 13 will vertically warp.
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- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池、用电装置和电池单体的制备方法及装置，对极耳进行不同深度的揉平，使得极耳由内而外形成具有深度落差的两区域，即第一揉平部和第二揉平部。同时，控制外圈的第二揉平部低于内圈的第一揉平部，这样当电极组件封装在壳体内后，靠近壳体内壁的第二揉平部处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过极耳周向的结构，比如：第一绝缘件的顶部等，并搭接在壳体的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳与壳体搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
Description
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及电池单体、电池、用电装置和电池单体的制备方法及装置。
电极组件是电池单体中发生电化学反应的部件，其主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，且通常在负极片与正极片之间设有隔膜。卷绕时，电极组件可呈扁状结构、圆柱状结构等。对于圆柱状电极组件，在使用过程中，电池单体存在腐蚀漏液的风险，严重影响电池单体的可靠性。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置和电池单体的制备方法及装置，有效降低电池单体存在腐蚀漏液的风险，提升电池单体的可靠性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括电极组件，电极组件包括：主体部，极耳，设于主体部沿预设方向的至少一端；其中，极耳包括第一揉平部与第二揉平部，第二揉平部环绕于第一揉平部外周，且沿预设方向，第一揉平部凸出第二揉平部设置。
上述的电极组件，对极耳进行不同深度的揉平，使得极耳由内而外形成具有深度落差的两区域，即第一揉平部和第二揉平部。同时，控制外圈的第二揉平部低于内圈的第一揉平部，这样当电极组件封装在壳体内后，靠近壳体内壁的第二揉平部处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过极耳周向的结构，如第一绝缘件的顶部等，并搭接壳体的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳与壳体搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
在一些实施例中，第一揉平部的密实度记为Q1，第二揉平部的密实度记为Q2，Q1与Q2之间满足的条件为：Q2＞Q1。如此，将第二揉平部的密实度相对于第一揉平部较高，使得极耳靠外圈的部分揉平程度较高，不易翘起，有效降低该处极耳翘起与壳体搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险。
在一些实施例中，Q1与Q2之间还满足的条件为：105％≤Q2/Q1≤140％。如此，合理控制Q2/Q1的比值，能有效降低第二揉平部翘起与壳体搭接的风险；同时，也减少对极耳的结构损伤。
在一些实施例中，Q1/Q2还满足的条件为：105％≤Q2/Q1≤130％。如此，进一步合理控制Q2/Q1的比值，在降低第二揉平部翘起与壳体搭接的风险的前提下，有效降低因第二揉平部出现过度揉平现象而导致对极耳结构的损伤。
在一些实施例中，沿预设方向，第一揉平部凸出第二揉平部的高度记为h1，1mm≤h1≤4mm。如此，将第一揉平部和第二揉平部之间的高度差控制在1mm～4mm之间，使得第二揉平部处于更低，从而使得翘起的第二揉平部更不易搭接在壳体的内壁上。
在一些实施例中，h1还满足的条件为：1mm≤h1≤2.5mm。如此，进一步合理控制h1的取值，在降低第二揉平部翘起与壳体搭接的风险的前提下，有效降低因第二揉平部出现过度揉平现象而导致对极耳的损伤。
在一些实施例中，第二揉平部包括邻近于第一揉平部的内边缘及环绕内边缘的外边缘，内边缘与外边缘之间间距记为L，1mm≤L≤5mm。如此，合理控制间距L的取值，在降低极耳翘起与壳体搭接的风险的前提下，使得第一揉平部上具有合理的焊接面积，以提升过流能力。
在一些实施例中，L还满足的条件为：1mm≤L≤3mm。如此，进一步合理控制L的取值，在有效降低极耳翘起与壳体搭接的风险的前提下，尽量增加第一揉平部的焊接面积，进一步提升过流能力。
在一些实施例中，第二揉平部包括邻近于第一揉平部的内边缘及环绕内边缘的外边缘，内边缘与外边缘之间间距记为L；沿预设方向，第一揉平部凸出第二揉平部的高度记为h1，L与h1之间还满足的条件为：L＞h1。如此，将高度h1控制在小于间距L，这样即便第一揉平部发生折弯，也无法超出第二揉平部外与壳体搭接，有效降低第一揉平部与壳体搭接而引发腐蚀漏液的几率。
在一些实施例中，电极组件被构造为圆柱状结构，沿电极组件的径向，电极组件在主体部处的外径记为Y，第二揉平部的外径与内径之间差值的一半记为L，Y与L之间满足的条件为：
如此，设置Y与L之间的不等式关系，使得两者参数相互关联，以在不同直径的电池单体下实现L的最优值，既不影响第一揉平部的过流面积又能降低极耳翘起搭接到壳体上的几率。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括隔膜，沿预设方向，第一揉平部和第二揉平部均凸出隔膜设置。如此，将第一揉平部和第二揉平部均凸出隔膜设置，这样可减少极耳在揉平时压伤隔膜的可能性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括：壳体，上具有开口，且其内收容有电极组件，极耳朝向对应的开口设置；第一绝缘件，位于壳体内，并围设于第二揉平部的外周，且沿预 设方向凸出第二揉平部。
在一些实施例中，沿预设方向，第一绝缘件凸出第二揉平部外的高度记为h2，7mm≤h2≤15mm。如此，合理控制高度h2的取值，既能降低完全翘起的第二揉平部搭接在壳体上而引发腐蚀漏液的可能性；又能减少第二揉平部上方空间的浪费。
在一些实施例中，h2还满足的条件为：10mm≤h2≤15mm。如此，提高h2的下限值，使得第一绝缘件凸出的部分更能降低翘起的第二揉平部和壳体之间的搭接可能性。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件在预设方向上凸出所述第一揉平部。如此，将第一绝缘件凸出第一揉平部设计，不仅有利于加强对第二揉平部处的防护，而且还有利于提升对第一揉平部处的防护。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括盖设于开口的端盖组件，第一绝缘件与端盖组件接触。如此，在预设方向上将端盖组件和第一绝缘件之间接触设计，能有效阻止第一揉平部或第二揉平部沿垂直于预设方向延伸翘起，极大降低极耳翘起后与壳体搭接的几率。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件包括端盖与第二绝缘件，端盖盖设于开口，第二绝缘件设于端盖朝向电极组件一侧，第一绝缘件围设于第二绝缘件至少部分的外周并与第二绝缘件接触。如此，合理设计第二绝缘件的结构以及第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件之间的配合关系，能有效减少翘起的第一揉平部或第二揉平部搭接在壳体上的几率，降低电池单体的腐蚀漏液风险。
在一些实施例中，至少部分第二绝缘件围设于第一揉平部的外周。如此，能进一步提升第一揉平部处的防护，降低第一揉平部搭接壳体的风险，进而提升电池单体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘件远离端盖的一端位于第一绝缘件的包围内，且与第一绝缘件朝向端盖的一端之间在预设方向上的距离记为h3，3mm≤h3≤8mm。如此，合理控制第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件之间距离h3，能有效降低翘起的第一揉平部或第二揉平部从第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件之间的缝隙穿出而搭接在壳体上的可能性。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件粘接于第二绝缘件的周向侧面。如此设计，使得两者稳定结合，能有效降低翘起的第一揉平部或第二揉平部撑大第一绝缘件与第二绝缘件之间间隙而搭接壳体的风险。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件包括电极端子，第二绝缘件包括相互连接的本体和延伸部，本体位于端盖与电极端子之间，延伸部从本体上朝向电极组件延伸凸出，并围设于第一揉平部的外周。如此设计，降低在组装过程中，第二绝缘件沿预设方向挤压第一揉平部而导致第一揉平部发生压缩变形的可能性。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括以上任一项的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一项的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：提供电极组件；对电极组件的极耳进行不同深度的揉平，以形成第一揉平部及环绕第一揉平部外的第二揉平部，其中，沿电极组件的预设方向，第一揉平部凸出第二揉平部设置。
上述的电池单体的制备方法，对极耳进行不同深度的揉平工艺，使得极耳形成深度落差的第一揉平部和第二揉平部。当制备的电极组件封装在壳体内后，靠近壳体内壁的第二揉平部处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过极耳周向的结构并搭接在壳体的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳与壳体搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制备装置，包括：驱动机构；揉平轮，由驱动机构驱动，并绕自身轴线旋转；其中，揉平轮包括轮本体与揉平凸部，揉平凸部设于轮本体的揉平面上，且环绕轮本体的周向延伸设置。
上述的电池单体的制备装置，在轮本体的揉平面上设置环形设计的揉平凸部，在揉平过程中，揉平凸部优先作用在极耳上；揉平一定深度后，揉平面再与极耳内圈区域接触并进行揉平。如此，利用该揉平轮，能使得极耳形成深度落差的第一揉平部和第二揉平部。当制备的电极组件封装在壳体内后，靠近壳体内壁的第二揉平部处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法搭接在壳体的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳与壳体搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构剖视图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图6为图5中电极组件局部结构示意图；
图7为图6中圈A处结构放大示意图；
图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的电极组件局部结构图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制备方法的流程图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的揉平轮的结构示意图。
1000、车辆；100、电池；101、底壳；102、上盖；200、控制器；300、马达；400、电池模组；401、外壳；40a、筒体；40b、第一盖体；40c、第二盖体；10、电池单体；11、壳体；111、开口；12、电极组件；121、主体部；122、端部；13、极耳；131、第一揉平部；132、第二揉平部；13a、内边缘；13b、外边缘；14、端盖组件；141、端盖；142、第二绝缘件；14a、本体；14b、延伸部；14c、导向面；14d、凹部；143、电极端子；15、转接件；16、第一绝缘件；17、隔膜；20、揉平轮；21、轮本体；22、揉平面；23、揉平凸部；X、预设方向；Z、径向。
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“长度方向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请人注意到，为满足电池单体的装配，如方便转接件与极耳进行焊接等，通常会对极耳的端面进行揉平，以增加焊接面积等。然而，被揉平后的极耳会蓄积弹性力，在电池单体装配时，极耳并不会因蓄积的弹性力立刻翘起。而是当电池单体使用一段时间后，极耳会因蓄积的弹性力翘起，与壳体的内壁搭接，导致电池单体上发生电化学腐蚀而出现漏液现象。比如：电化学腐蚀时会引起电池单体中电压或电流的升高，导致电池单体上的泄压机构(如防爆膜等)易被刺破，而引发电池单体发生漏液等。
为降低翘起的极耳与壳体内壁搭接的风险，有设计出在极耳的外周贴第一绝缘件(如极耳胶等)，利用第一绝缘件阻止极耳与壳体搭接。然而这种解决方式并不能有效解决，仍然会有部分极耳翘起绕过第一绝缘件的顶部并搭接在壳体的内壁上，尤其是靠近壳体内壁的极耳一部分。
基于此，为解决传统电池单体使用时，依旧存在腐蚀漏液的问题，本申请人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体。对极耳进行不同深度的揉平，使得极耳由内而外形成具有深度落差的两区域，且第二揉平部低于第一揉平部。这样当电极组件封装在壳体内后，靠近壳体内壁的第二揉平部处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过第一绝缘件的顶部并搭接在壳体的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳与壳体搭接而引起电 化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
另外，通过不同深度的揉平设计，降低极耳翘起与壳体搭接的几率，也有利于解决电池单体在使用过程中发生短路的问题。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
电池100包括箱体。箱体的类型不受限制。箱体可为框状箱体、盘状箱体或盒状箱体等同时，电池100可直接设计成无模组结构，也可设计成电池模组400结构等。示例性地，箱体包括底壳101和与底壳101盖合的上盖102。底壳101和上盖102盖合后形成容纳部。电池100包括多个柱状电池单体10，比如圆柱状电池单体、六棱柱电池单体等。圆柱状电池单体指的是电池单体10外观呈圆柱状结构。多个电池单体10可以组成电池100，也可以是多个电池单体10先组成电池模组400，多个电池模组400再组成电池100。图示意性显示了一实施例的电池模组400，该电池模组400设置于箱体的容纳部内。
在一些实施例中，为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池100可以包括多个电池单体10，其中，多个电池单体10之间可以串联、并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。也就是说，多个电池单体10可以直接设置于箱体的容纳部内以组成电池100。
参见图2所示，电池100包括外壳401以及设置于外壳401内的电池单体10。在一个示例中，外壳401包括筒体40a、第一盖体40b和第二盖体40c。第一盖体40b和第二盖 体40c分别设置于筒体40a的两端。第一盖体40b和第二盖体40c分别与筒体40a可拆卸连接。例如，第一盖体40b和第二盖体40c可以分别与筒体40a卡接或者使用螺钉连接。筒体40a、第一盖体40b和第二盖体40c组装后形成容纳空间。电池单体10设置于外壳401的容纳空间内。
参见图3与图4所示，本申请实施例的电池单体10包括壳体11以及设置于壳体11内的电极组件12。本申请实施例的壳体11为筒状结构。壳体11具有容纳电极组件12和电解液的内部空间以及与内部空间相连通的开口111。电极组件12可以从壳体11的开口111处装入壳体11内。壳体11可以由例如铝、铝合金或塑料等材料制造。电极组件12包括极耳13。沿预设方向X，极耳13位于电极组件12的一端。
参见图4所示，本申请实施例的电池单体10还包括端盖组件14和转接件15。端盖组件14包括端盖141、第二绝缘件142以及电极端子143。端盖141是指盖合于壳体11的开口111处以将电池单体10的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖141的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适应以配合壳体11。可选地，端盖141可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖141在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体10能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖141上可以设置有如电极端子143等的功能性部件。电极端子143可以用于与电极组件12电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体10的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖141上还可以设置有用于在电池单体10的内部压力、温度、电流或电压达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖141的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖141的内侧还可以设置有第二绝缘件142，第二绝缘件142可以用于隔离壳体11内的电连接部件与端盖141，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，第二绝缘件142可以是塑料、橡胶等。
电极组件12是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体11内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件12。电极组件12通常由正极片和负极片卷绕形成，电极组件12可为柱状结构，如圆柱状、六棱柱状等，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜17。正极极耳和负极极耳可分别位于主体部121的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极耳13电连接电极端子143以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，本申请提供了一种电池单体10，电池单体10包括电极组件12。电极组件12包括：主体部121和极耳13。极耳13设于主体部121沿预设方向X的至少一端。其中，极耳13包括第一揉平部131与第二揉平部132，第二揉平部132环绕于第一揉平部131外周，且沿预设方向X，第一揉平部131凸出第二揉平部132 设置。
电极组件12可设计为柱状结构，比如：可设计为但不限于圆柱状、六棱柱状或其他多棱柱状结构。同时，预设方向X也可理解为电极组件12的长度方向。
主体部121是指电极组件12上用于产生电能的部分，例如，正极片和负极片上具有活性物质的部分卷绕形成的结构；极耳13是指正极片和负极片上不涂覆活性物质的部分构成的部件，也可理解为主体部121的端部122沿预设方向X延伸形成。
极耳13可设置在电极组件12的一端；也可分别设置在电极组件12的相对两端上。当极耳13设置在电极组件12的相对两端时，正极极耳和负极极耳分别位于电极组件12相对两端；当极耳13设置在电极组件12的一端时，则说明正负极耳13均位于电极组件12的同一侧，此时，在卷绕时需注意同一端上区分出正负极耳13。比如：在卷绕内圈时，正极片上可留有正极极耳，负极片不留有负极极耳；在卷绕外圈时，正极片上不留有正极极耳，负极片留有负极极耳，这样可形成中间部分为正极极耳，外圈部分为负极极耳等。
第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132分别指极耳13的中间和外圈结构，在成型过程中，分别以揉平的方式在电极组件12的端面进行揉平作业。相对于传统裁剪方式，揉平后的极耳13端面更为平整，密实度更高，这样方便转接件15或电极端子143与极耳13焊接，也提高焊接结构强度。
第一揉平部131凸出第二揉平部132，这说明第一揉平部131高于第二揉平部132，在揉平过程中，第二揉平部132处的揉平深度相对更深。
当电极组件12封装在壳体11内后，靠近壳体11内壁的第二揉平部132处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部132因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过极耳13周向的结构，比如：第一绝缘件16的顶部并搭接在壳体11的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳13与壳体11搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体10漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一揉平部131的密实度记为Q1，第二揉平部132的密实度记为Q2，Q1与Q2之间满足的条件为：Q2＞Q1。
密实度是指第一揉平部131或第二揉平部132处的揉平致密度，为获取第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132处的密实度，对于圆柱状电极组件12而言，可采用如下测试方法，如：一、第一揉平部131处的密实度，沿电极组件12的径向Z切割第一揉平部131并进行称重记为m；量取切下的第一揉平部131的直径d和厚度h；根据
公式进行计算；二、第二揉平部132处的密实度，其测试方法和第一揉平部131的方法大致相同，区别在于需要测试第二揉平部132的外径和内径(即第二揉平部132为环形结构)。
将第二揉平部132的密实度相对于第一揉平部131较高，使得极耳13靠外圈的 部分揉平程度较高，不易翘起，有效降低该处极耳13翘起与壳体11搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，Q1与Q2之间还满足的条件为：105％≤Q2/Q1≤140％。
Q2/Q1的比值可为105％～140％之间的一值，比如：Q2/Q1可为但不限于105％、110％、120％、140％等。若Q2/Q1过小，如小于105％时，第二揉平部132的揉平程度与第一揉平部131的揉平程度相当，无法形成较大的深度落差，导致第二揉平部132容易翘起与壳体11搭接；若Q2/Q1过大，如大于140％时，则说明第二揉平部132过度揉平，不仅影响电极组件12的装配，而且容易因过度揉平受力而损坏极耳13结构。
合理控制Q2/Q1的比值，能有效降低第二揉平部132翘起与壳体11搭接的风险；同时，也减少对极耳13的结构损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，Q1/Q2还满足的条件为：105％≤Q2/Q1≤130％。
Q2/Q1的比值可为105％～130％之间的一值，比如：Q2/Q1可为但不限于105％、110％、120％、130％等。进一步限缩Q2/Q1的上限值，可降低第二揉平部132出现过度揉平现象的发生。
进一步合理控制Q2/Q1的比值，在降低第二揉平部132翘起与壳体11搭接的风险的前提下，有效降低因第二揉平部132出现过度揉平现象而导致对极耳13结构的损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，沿预设方向X，第一揉平部131凸出第二揉平部132的高度记为h1，1毫米(mm)≤h1≤4mm。
第一揉平部131凸出第二揉平部132，这说明第二揉平部132低于第一揉平部131。其中，第二揉平部132低于第一揉平部131的高度h1可为1mm～4mm之间的一值，比如：高度h1可为但不限于1mm或4mm。
将第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132之间的高度差控制在1mm～4mm之间，使得第二揉平部132处于更低，从而使得翘起的第二揉平部132更不易搭接在壳体11的内壁上。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，h1还满足的条件为：1mm≤h1≤2.5mm。
第二揉平部132低于第一揉平部131的高度h1可为1mm～2.5mm之间的一值，比如：高度h1可为但不限于1mm或2.5mm。同时，限缩h1的上限值，以限制第二揉平部132的揉平下降量超出2.5mm，减少过度揉平的风险。
进一步合理控制h1的取值，在降低第二揉平部132翘起与壳体11搭接的风险的前提下，有效降低因第二揉平部132出现过度揉平现象而导致对极耳13的损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，第二揉平部132包括邻近于第一揉平部131的内边缘13a及环绕内边缘13a的外边缘13b，内边缘13a与外边缘13b之间间距记为L， 1mm≤L≤5mm。
间距L的具体测试方式可根据电极组件12的具体形状而定，比如：当电极组件12为圆柱状结构时，间距L可为第二揉平部132在电极组件12的径向Z上的外径和内径之差的一半；或者，当电极组件12为其他多棱柱状结构时，内边缘13a和外边缘13b均为多边形，此时可在内边缘13a和外边缘13b之间作垂线，该垂线的长度即为间距L等。
间距L可为1mm～5mm之间的一值，比如：间距L可为但不限于1mm或5mm等。若间距L取值过小，会导致第一揉平部131过于靠近壳体11内壁而引发极耳13搭接壳体11的风险；若间距L取值过大，会减小第一揉平部131与转接件15的焊接面积，影响电池单体10的过流能力。
合理控制间距L的取值，在降低极耳13翘起与壳体11搭接的风险的前提下，使得第一揉平部131上具有合理的焊接面积，以提升过流能力。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，L还满足的条件为：1mm≤L≤3mm。
间距L可为1mm～3mm之间的一值，比如：间距L可为但不限于1mm或3mm等。同时，限缩L的上限值，以便增加第一揉平部131与转接件15的焊接面积，降低第二揉平部132的揉平过宽而对极耳13的过流密度的影响。
进一步合理控制L的取值，在有效降低极耳13翘起与壳体11搭接的风险的前提下，尽量增加第一揉平部131的焊接面积，进一步提升过流能力。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二揉平部132包括邻近于第一揉平部131的内边缘13a及环绕内边缘13a的外边缘13b，内边缘13a与外边缘13b之间间距记为L。沿预设方向X，第一揉平部131凸出第二揉平部132的高度记为h1，L与h1之间还满足的条件为：L＞h1。
若高度h1大于间距L，这说明第一揉平部131朝向第二揉平部132的一侧折弯时，会导致弯折后的第一揉平部131至少部分超出第二揉平部132而搭接在壳体11上。
为此，将高度h1控制在小于间距L，这样即便第一揉平部131发生折弯，也无法超出第二揉平部132外与壳体11搭接，有效降低第一揉平部131与壳体11搭接而引发腐蚀漏液的几率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，电极组件12被构造为圆柱状结构，沿电极组件12的径向Z，电极组件12在主体部121处的外径记为Y，第二揉平部132的外径与内径之间差值的一半记为L，Y与L之间满足的条件为：
当电极组件12为圆柱状结构时，第二揉平部132上的内边缘13a和外边缘13b分别为同心的两个圆形，因此，外径和内径之间差值的一半即为内边缘13a和外边缘13b之 间间距。
在设计L值时可根据电极组件12的外径而定，如：
在一些示例中，当圆柱状电极组件12的外径为46mm时，L可为：1.80mm～5.77mm，当圆柱状电极组件12的外径为34mm时，L可为：0.82mm～3.46mm等。
设置Y与L之间的不等式关系，使得两者参数相互关联，以在不同直径的电池单体10下实现L的最优值，既不影响第一揉平部131的过流面积又能降低极耳13翘起搭接到壳体11上的几率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图5，电极组件12包括隔膜17，沿预设方向X，第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132均凸出隔膜17设置。
隔膜17是指一种多孔塑料薄膜，保证锂离子自由通过以形成回路，同时阻止两电极相互接触起到电子绝缘作用。其种类可选为但不限于聚乙烯单层膜、聚丙烯单层膜等。在一些实施例中，在预设方向X上，隔膜17一般设计为超出正极片和负极片，即隔膜17可超出主体部121的端部122外。其中，主体部121的端部122可理解为正极片和负极片的涂覆区的一端。
将第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132均凸出隔膜17设置，这样可降低极耳13在揉平时压伤隔膜17的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图3与图6，电池单体10还包括：壳体11和第一绝缘件16。壳体11上具有开口111，且其内收容有电极组件12，极耳13朝向对应的开口111设置。第一绝缘件16位于壳体11内，并围设于第二揉平部132的外周，且沿预设方向X凸出第二揉平部132。
壳体11是用于形成电池100单体的内部环境的部件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件12、电解液以及其他部件。壳体11上的开口111可为一个，也可为两个。当开口111为两个时，两个开口111分别设于壳体11沿预设方向X的相对两端。同时，若极耳13为两个，且两个极耳13分别位于电极组件12的两端时，两个极耳13分别朝向与之对应的开口111设置。
第一绝缘件16是指防护在第二揉平部132外，且能降低第二揉平部132翘起时直接与壳体11内壁接触的部件的风险。第一绝缘件16围设在第二揉平部132外，呈封闭的环形结构。第一绝缘件16的材料有多种选择，比如：第一绝缘件16可为但不限于极耳胶等。
在第二揉平部132的外周设置第一绝缘件16，对第二揉平部132的翘起实现有效防护，进一步降低极耳13翘起搭接在壳体11上而引起腐蚀漏液的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图6与图7，沿预设方向X，第一绝缘件16凸 出第二揉平部132外的高度记为h2，7mm≤h2≤15mm。
第一绝缘件16凸出第二揉平部132外的高度可为7mm～15mm之间一值，比如：高度h2可为但不限于7mm或15mm等。
在设计高度h2时，若高度h2取值过小，如小于7mm等，完全翘起的第二揉平部132可绕过第一绝缘件16的顶部并搭接在壳体11上；若高度h2取值过大，如大于15mm等，则导致第二揉平部132上方的空间被浪费。
当然，当第一绝缘件16为极耳胶时，若高度h2取值过大，则会导致高度h2超过极耳胶本身高度，导致极耳胶无法粘贴在第二揉平部132外周。
合理控制高度h2的取值，既能降低完全翘起的第二揉平部132搭接在壳体11上而引发腐蚀漏液的可能性；又能降低第二揉平部132上方空间的浪费。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图7，h2还满足的条件为：10mm≤h2≤15mm。
高度h2可为10mm～15mm之间一值，比如：高度h2可为但不限于10mm或15mm等。
提高h2的下限值，使得第一绝缘件16凸出的部分更能降低翘起的第二揉平部132和壳体11之间的搭接可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图7，第一绝缘件16在预设方向X上凸出第一揉平部131。
第一绝缘件16除了包围第二揉平部132外，还包围第一揉平部131的至少部分。此时第一绝缘件16对第一揉平部131处也起到一定的防护作用。
将第一绝缘件16凸出第一揉平部131设计，不仅有利于加强对第二揉平部132处的防护，而且还有利于提升对第一揉平部131处的防护。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池单体10还包括盖设于开口111的端盖组件14。第一绝缘件16与端盖组件14接触。
第一绝缘件16与端盖组件14接触，这说明在预设方向X上端盖组件14和第一绝缘件16两者之间不会出现断层现象，即沿垂直于预设方向X的方向延伸，要么被端盖组件14所阻挡；要么被第一绝缘件16所阻挡。
端盖组件14的数量可根据开口111而定，比如：当开口111为两个时，端盖组件14则为两个，并与开口111一一对应设置。
在预设方向X上将端盖组件14和第一绝缘件16接触设计，能有效阻止第一揉平部131或第二揉平部132沿垂直于预设方向X延伸翘起，极大降低极耳13翘起后与壳体11搭接的几率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图7，端盖组件14包括端盖141与第二绝缘件142，端盖141盖设于开口111，第二绝缘件142设于端盖141朝向电极组件12一侧，第一绝缘件16围设于第二绝缘件142至少部分的外周，并与第二绝缘件142接触。
端盖141盖设在开口111上时，可利用焊接、粘接等方式将端盖141和壳体11进行密封连接，以提升电池单体10的气密性。
第二绝缘件142是指用于隔离壳体11内的电连接部件与端盖141，以降低短路的风险的部件，如下塑胶等。第二绝缘件142和第一绝缘件16之间在预设方向X上接触设计，可为极耳13形成一较为封闭的环境。同时，第二绝缘件142和第一绝缘件16之间可相互连接，也可不连接、而仅为抵触设置。
另外，当第二绝缘件142远离端盖141的一端抵触在第二揉平部132上时，第一揉平部131则完全被第二绝缘件142和第二揉平部132所封闭，使得第一揉平部131无法搭接在壳体11上。
合理设计第二绝缘件142的结构以及第一绝缘件16和第二绝缘件142之间的配合关系，能有效减少翘起的第一揉平部131或第二揉平部132搭接在壳体11上的几率，降低电池单体10的腐蚀漏液风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，至少部分第二绝缘件142围设于第一揉平部131的外周。
至少部分第二绝缘件142围设在第一揉平部131的外周，对第一揉平部131能实现防护。在一些示例中，第二绝缘件142背向端盖141的一侧面具有凹部14d，第一揉平部131至少部分容纳于凹部14d中，这样使得第一绝缘件16对第一揉平部131实现更好的防护作用，进一步降低第一揉平部131和壳体11之间的搭接风险。当然，在预设方向X上，第一揉平部131的端面和凹部14d的底面之间间距可控制为大于或等于3mm。
将至少部分缘件142围设在第一揉平部131的外周，能进一步提升第一揉平部131处的防护，降低第一揉平部131搭接壳体11的风险，进而提升电池单体10的可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图6，第二绝缘件142远离端盖141的一端位于第一绝缘件16的包围内，且与第一绝缘件16朝向端盖141的一端之间在预设方向X上的距离记为h3，3mm≤h3≤8mm。
第二绝缘件142和第一绝缘件16之间除了在预设方向X上的投影具有重叠部分；在垂直于预设方向X的方向上的投影也具有重叠，当然，这部分的重叠可与电极组件12的群裕度有关，在此不作详细介绍。
第二绝缘件142远离端盖141的一端位于第一绝缘件16的包围内，这说明在预 设方向X上，第二绝缘件142的一端伸至第一绝缘件16的包围范围内，且低于第一绝缘件16朝向端盖141的一端。
距离h3可为3mm～8mm之间的一值，比如：h3可为但不限于3mm或者8mm等。
合理控制第一绝缘件16和第二绝缘件142之间距离h3，能有效降低翘起的第一揉平部131或第二揉平部132从第一绝缘件16和第二绝缘件142之间的缝隙穿出而搭接在壳体11上的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图6，端盖组件14包括电极端子143，第二绝缘件142包括相互连接的本体14a和延伸部14b。本体14a位于端盖141与电极端子143之间，延伸部14b从本体14a上朝向电极组件12延伸凸出，并围设于第一揉平部131的外周。
本体14a和延伸部14b分别是指第二绝缘件142上部分结构，本体14a设置在端盖141朝向电极组件12的一侧面，而延伸部14b也可理解为本体14a上至少部分朝向电极组件12一侧凸起而形成的结构。在一些示例中，本体14a和延伸部14b之间可形成凹部14d。延伸部14b设置于极耳13的第一揉平部131的外周，并且沿预设方向X与第二揉平部132位置对应。由于第二绝缘件142具有延伸部14b，因此在进行组装时，第二绝缘件142的延伸部14b可以插入第一揉平部131和壳体11之间的间隙中，从而延伸部14b可以引导第一揉平部131准确插入第二绝缘件142的凹部14d内。
另外，延伸部14b背向凹部14d的一侧面包括导向面14c。请参考图7与图8，导向面14c可与第一绝缘件16抵触。导向面14c沿背离端盖141的方向延伸并朝凹部14d一侧倾斜设置，这样，在导向面14c的引导作用下，第二绝缘件142上的部分可容易地进入第一绝缘件16所限定的空间内，有利于降低第二绝缘件142直接抵压第一绝缘件16而导致第一绝缘件16发生塌陷的几率，从而降低第一绝缘件16失去隔离功能的风险。
如此设计，降低在组装过程中，第二绝缘件142沿预设方向X挤压第一揉平部131而导致第一揉平部131发生压缩变形的可能性，同时也使得延伸部14b在组装过程中对第一揉平部131形成较好的防护和限位。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图6，第一绝缘件16朝向端盖141的一端粘接于第二绝缘件142的周向侧面。
第二绝缘件142的周向侧面是指第二绝缘件142朝向壳体11内壁的一侧面，当然，在一些实施例中，其包括延伸部14b上的导向面14c等。
将第一绝缘件16与第二绝缘件142粘接，使得两者稳定结合，能有效降低翘起的第一揉平部131或第二揉平部132撑大第一绝缘件16与第二绝缘件142之间间隙而搭接壳体11的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种电池100，包括以上任一项的电池单体10。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案中的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图9，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S100、提供电极组件12；
S200、对电极组件12的极耳13进行不同深度的揉平，以形成第一揉平部131及环绕第一揉平部131外的第二揉平部132，其中，沿电极组件12的预设方向X，第一揉平部131凸出第二揉平部132设置。
在步骤S100中，电极组件12的提供方式有多种，比如：通过卷绕工艺制备以提供；或者，直接通过采购方式进行提供等。本申请的电极组件12可为圆柱状、六棱柱状或者其他柱状结构。
在步骤S200中，对极耳13的不同区域进行不同深度的揉平，比如：对极耳13内圈区域较浅揉平；对极耳13外圈区域较深揉平等。同时，极耳13不同区域的揉平可同时进行，也可分步进行，比如：先对极耳13内圈区域进行揉平，后对极耳13外圈区域揉平；或者，先对极耳13外圈区域进行揉平，再对极耳13内圈区域揉平等。
另外，在电池单体的制备方法中，还可包括如下步骤：将端盖组件14焊接在揉平后的第一揉平部131上；将第一绝缘件16围在第二揉平部132外周；将电极组件12插入壳体11内，并将端盖组件14盖合在壳体11上，使得端盖组件14的第二绝缘件142与第一绝缘件16抵触。
上述的电池单体的制备方法，对极耳13进行不同深度的揉平工艺，使得极耳13形成深度落差的第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132。当制备的电极组件12封装在壳体11内后，靠近壳体11内壁的第二揉平部132处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部132因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过第一绝缘件16的顶部并搭接在壳体11的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳13与壳体11搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体10漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图10，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制备装置。电池单体的制备装置包括：驱动机构和揉平轮20。揉平轮20由驱动机构驱动，并绕自身轴线旋转。其中，揉平轮20包括轮本体21与揉平凸部23，揉平凸部23设于轮本体21的揉平面22上，且环绕轮本体21的周向延伸设置。
驱动机构是指为揉平轮20的旋转提供动力的部件，比如：驱动机构可为电机；或者，驱动机构也可为电机和传动机构的组合结构等。其中，传动机构可为但不限于齿轮组、滚轮和皮带组合结构、齿轮和链条组合结构等。
揉平轮20是指能对极耳13的端面进行施加揉平力的部件；而揉平凸部23则在轮本体21的揉平面22上凸起设置，这样在揉平过程中，揉平凸部23和轮本体21分别在极耳13上形成不同深度的揉平区域。另外，揉平凸部23在轮本体21上环绕延伸，其可呈封闭或非封闭状的环形结构。
可选地，揉平凸部23与轮本体21的连接方式可为但不限于螺栓连接、卡接、焊接、粘接、一体成型等。其中，一体成型可为但不限于挤出、注塑、压铸等。
上述的电池单体的制备装置，在轮本体21的揉平面22上设置环形设计的揉平凸部23，在揉平过程中，揉平凸部23优先作用在极耳13上；揉平一定深度后，揉平面22再与极耳13内圈区域接触并进行揉平。如此，利用该揉平轮20，能使得极耳13形成深度落差的第一揉平部131和第二揉平部132。当制备的电极组件12封装在壳体11内后，靠近壳体11内壁的第二揉平部132处于较低位置。此时，即便第二揉平部132因内部蓄积弹性力而翘起，也无法绕过极耳13周边的结构，如：第一绝缘件16的顶部等，并搭接在壳体11的内壁。如此，有效降低极耳13与壳体11搭接而引起电化学腐蚀的风险，从而减少电池单体10漏液的现象，提升可靠性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图4至图10，本申请提供了一种电极组件12，在电极组件12的极耳13进行台阶揉平，极耳13距离边缘1mm～5mm的宽度揉平深度较深，内圈揉平深度较浅，并在极耳13外圈贴一圈第一绝缘件16，实现在外圈的第二揉平部132若是翘起需要更高的长度才能越过第一绝缘件16的顶部搭接到壳体11。内圈的第一揉平部131因为距离第一绝缘件16较远不容易搭接壳体11，且外圈的第二揉平部132的密实度比内圈的第一揉平部131高，更不容易发生极耳13竖直翘起情况。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。
Claims (20)
- 一种电池单体(10)，包括电极组件(12)，所述电极组件(12)包括：主体部(121)；极耳(13)，设于所述主体部(121)沿所述电极组件(12)的预设方向(X)的至少一端；其中，所述极耳(13)包括第一揉平部(131)与第二揉平部(132)，所述第二揉平部(132)环绕于所述第一揉平部(131)外周，且沿所述预设方向(X)，所述第一揉平部(131)凸出所述第二揉平部(132)设置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述第一揉平部(131)的密实度记为Q1，所述第二揉平部(132)的密实度记为Q2，Q1与Q2之间满足的条件为：Q2＞Q1。
- 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体(10)，其中，Q1与Q2之间还满足的条件为：105％≤Q2/Q1≤140％；可选地，Q1/Q2还满足的条件为：105％≤Q2/Q1≤130％。
- 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，沿所述预设方向(X)，所述第一揉平部(131)凸出所述第二揉平部(132)的高度记为h1，1mm≤h1≤4mm；可选地，h1还满足的条件为：1mm≤h1≤2.5mm。
- 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述第二揉平部(132)包括邻近于所述第一揉平部(131)的内边缘(13a)及环绕所述内边缘(13a)的外边缘(13b)，所述内边缘(13a)与所述外边缘(13b)之间间距记为L，1mm≤L≤5mm；可选地，L还满足的条件为：1mm≤L≤3mm。
- 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述第二揉平部(132)包括邻近于所述第一揉平部(131)的内边缘(13a)及环绕所述内边缘(13a)的外边缘(13b)，所述内边缘(13a)与所述外边缘(13b)之间间距记为L；沿所述预设方向(X)，所述第一揉平部(131)凸出所述第二揉平部(132)的高度记为h1，L与h1之间还满足的条件为：L＞h1。
- 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述电极组件(12)被构造为圆柱状结构，沿所述电极组件(12)的径向(Z)，所述电极组件(12)在所述主体部(121)处的外径记为Y，所述第二揉平部(132)的外径与内径之间差值的一半记为L，Y与L之间满足的条件为：
- 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述电极组件(12)包括隔膜(17)，沿所述预设方向(X)，所述第一揉平部(131)和所述第二揉平部(132)均凸出所述隔膜(17)设置。
- 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述电池单体(10)还包括：壳体(11)，上具有开口(111)，且其内收容有所述电极组件(12)，所述极耳(13)朝向对应的 开口(111)设置；第一绝缘件(16)，位于所述壳体(11)内，并围设于所述第二揉平部(132)的外周，且沿所述预设方向(X)凸出所述第二揉平部(132)。
- 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体(10)，其中，沿所述预设方向(X)，所述第一绝缘件(16)凸出所述第二揉平部(132)外的高度记为h2，7mm≤h2≤15mm；可选地，h2还满足的条件为：10mm≤h2≤15mm。
- 根据权利要求9或10所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述第一绝缘件(16)在所述预设方向(X)上凸出所述第一揉平部(131)。
- 根据权利要求9-11任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述电池单体(10)还包括盖设于所述开口(111)的端盖组件(14)，所述第一绝缘件(16)与所述端盖组件(14)接触。
- 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述端盖组件(14)包括端盖(141)与第二绝缘件(142)，所述端盖(141)盖设于所述开口(111)，所述第二绝缘件(142)设于所述端盖(141)朝向所述电极组件(12)一侧，所述第一绝缘件(16)围设于所述第二绝缘件(142)至少部分的外周，并与所述第二绝缘件(142)接触。
- 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体(10)，其中，至少部分所述第二绝缘件(142)围设于所述第一揉平部(131)的外周。
- 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述第一绝缘件(16)粘接于所述第二绝缘件(142)的周向侧面。
- 根据权利要求13-15任一项所述的电池单体(10)，其中，所述端盖组件(14)包括电极端子(143)，所述第二绝缘件(142)包括相互连接的本体(14a)和延伸部(14b)，所述本体(14a)位于所述端盖(141)与所述电极端子(143)之间，所述延伸部(14b)从所述本体(14a)上朝向所述电极组件(12)延伸凸出，并围设于所述第一揉平部(131)的外周。
- 一种电池(100)，包括权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池单体(10)。
- 一种用电装置，包括权利要求17所述的电池(100)，所述电池(100)用于提供电能。
- 一种电池单体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：提供电极组件(12)；对所述电极组件(12)的极耳(13)进行不同深度的揉平，以形成第一揉平部(131)及环绕所述第一揉平部(131)外的第二揉平部(132)，其中，沿所述电极组件(12)的预设方向(X)，所述第一揉平部(131)凸出所述第二揉平部(132)设置。
- 一种电池单体的制备装置，包括：驱动机构；揉平轮(20)，由所述驱动机构驱动，并绕自身轴线旋转；其中，所述揉平轮(20)包括轮本体(21)与揉平凸部(23)，所述揉平凸部(23)设于所述轮本体(21)的揉平面(22)上，且环绕所述轮本体(21)的周向延伸设置。
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