WO2024125272A1 - 一种助悬剂颗粒及其制备方法、用途和快速水合的方法 - Google Patents
一种助悬剂颗粒及其制备方法、用途和快速水合的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024125272A1 WO2024125272A1 PCT/CN2023/134165 CN2023134165W WO2024125272A1 WO 2024125272 A1 WO2024125272 A1 WO 2024125272A1 CN 2023134165 W CN2023134165 W CN 2023134165W WO 2024125272 A1 WO2024125272 A1 WO 2024125272A1
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/46—Ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. skin, bone, milk, cotton fibre, eggshell, oxgall or plant extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of suspending agents, and in particular relates to suspending agent microspheres and a preparation method, use and rapid hydration method thereof.
- Suspending agents are used in many industries such as food industry, coatings, biology, pharmaceutical preparations, vaccine immunity, etc. On-site preparation of suspensions with solid suspending agents is also frequently used in many occasions. Suspending agents are macromolecular substances that can form a viscous and slippery texture after being dissolved in water and fully hydrated under certain conditions, playing the role of thickening and suspending. Generally, the hydration rate of suspending agents is relatively fast, but it is precisely because of the fast hydration rate that if the suspending agent powder is added to the water quickly, the suspending agent powder will quickly gather together, and the outer layer of suspending agent powder will quickly hydrate.
- the viscosity of the hydrated suspending agent forms a layer of colloidal shell, which in turn hinders the contact between water and the internal suspending agent powder, thereby hindering the hydration of the internal suspending agent powder, forming a structure in which the external hydrated suspending agent wraps the internal unhydrated suspending agent powder.
- This state is generally called "fish eyes”. Once "fish eyes”, especially larger "fish eyes”, are formed, it is difficult to eliminate them by artificial stirring. Therefore, people try to avoid the formation of "fish eyes”, especially large “fish eyes”. Controlling the speed of adding suspending agent powder is one of the methods to reduce the formation of "fish eyes”, but this method cannot effectively eliminate “fish eyes”. Therefore, being able to quickly add suspending agent to water without generating such large pieces of "fish eyes” can bring convenience to actual production.
- suspending agents In actual use occasions, people want suspending agents with a wide range of applications and little influence by water quality. For example, the same amount of addition can obtain similar viscosity in all parts of the country, which is convenient for the preparation and production of suspending agents.
- the different viscosities of the suspensions prepared by suspending agents using water from different regions are largely due to the different hardness of water in different places.
- Some suspending agents are sensitive to the hardness of water. For example, sodium polyacrylate will generate precipitates in hard water and lose viscosity, and the viscosity of polyacrylamide will also be significantly reduced in high hardness water.
- Xanthan gum is not very sensitive to the hardness of water and has a relatively stable nature. It is an ideal suspending agent. However, when commonly used xanthan gum powder is added to water, it is easy to form a structure in which the external hydrated xanthan gum wraps the internal unhydrated xanthan gum, similar to "fish eyes". Once the "fish eyes"-like micelles appear, further hydration is very difficult. It is difficult to eliminate such micelles by manual stirring, which makes the use of xanthan gum powder very inconvenient. High-speed stirring and dispersion can make the xanthan micelles hydrate quickly and eliminate the "fish eyes"-like micelles.
- the breeding site is generally not equipped with such high-speed dispersion equipment, and the suspension is usually prepared by manual stirring. Therefore, xanthan gum or similar suspending thickeners will form a suspending agent with micelles similar to "fish eyes".
- xanthan gum or similar suspending thickeners will form a suspending agent with micelles similar to "fish eyes".
- the suspending agent composition containing xanthan gum is put into water at one time and can achieve rapid hydration, it will be of great significance for preparing the suspension using the suspending agent of xanthan gum.
- quickly completing hydration is of great significance for ease of use and reducing labor intensity.
- being able to visually judge the degree of hydration is also of great practical significance for on-site manual preparation.
- suspending agent could be formulated so that it could be quickly added to facilitate the preparation of the suspension and could also be used to determine whether hydration was complete based on the disappearance of the "fish-eye"-like micelles.
- one aspect of the present invention is to provide a suspending agent granule, which can be used to conveniently prepare a suspension and has a mark for judging whether the suspending agent is completely hydrated.
- a suspending agent particle the diameter of the suspending agent particle is 0.2-2 mm, the suspending agent particle comprises a suspending agent and an auxiliary material, wherein the weight percentage of the suspending agent is 1-50%, and the weight percentage of the auxiliary material is 50-99%.
- the suspending agent particle has a visual feature indicating whether the suspending agent particle added into water is completely hydrated, and the visual feature is that when the suspending agent particle is added into water, the suspending agent particle gradually swells to form a micelle with a structure of an external hydrated suspending agent encapsulating an internal unhydrated suspending agent, and when the micelle disappears, the viscosity of the water no longer changes, and the suspending agent particle is completely hydrated.
- the diameter of the suspending agent particles is 0.3 mm to 2 mm. In some more preferred embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the suspending agent particles is 0.5 mm to 1 mm. In some more preferred embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the suspending agent particles is 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm.
- the weight percentage of the suspending agent in the suspending agent particles is 1-40%, more preferably 3-30%, such as 5-25%, 5-15%.
- the diameter of the suspending agent particles is 0.3 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
- the solubility of the auxiliary material is greater than 10 g, further 10 g to 100 g, and its softening point, melting point or solidification point is 40° C. to 80° C.,
- the softening point, melting point or solidification point of the auxiliary material is 45-70°C.
- the softening point, melting point or solidification point of the auxiliary material is 50-68°C.
- the suspending agent is selected from xanthan gum, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, sesbania gum, fenugreek gum, papaya seed gum, plantain seed gum, artemisia seed gum, gum arabic, ghatti gum, dextran, welan gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, soluble starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethyl starch, polyethylene oxide, or a combination thereof.
- the auxiliary material is selected from ethylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol structure polymers with an average molecular weight of 1500 to 25000.
- the polymer containing ethylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol structure is selected from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer or a combination thereof, for example, polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000, polyethylene glycol 8000, a block copolymer of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
- the suspending agent particles further include a dye, wherein the weight content of the dye is 0.1-1%.
- the dye is selected from brilliant blue, indigo, lemon yellow, carmine, amaranth, or a combination thereof.
- the suspending agent particles further include a second auxiliary material.
- the second auxiliary material is selected from glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, or a combination thereof.
- the weight content of the second auxiliary material in the suspending agent granules is 0.1-20% of the weight of the granules, further 0.5-10%, and further 1-5%.
- the suspending agent particles further include a water softener.
- the water softener is selected from imide sulfonates, amino-containing carboxylic acids and their derivatives, hydroxyl-containing carboxylic acids and their derivatives, polyphosphates, or combinations thereof.
- the amino-containing carboxylic acid and its derivatives are selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, or a combination thereof.
- the hydroxyl-containing carboxylic acid and its derivatives are selected from sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succinate, or a combination thereof.
- the weight content of the water softener in the suspending agent granules is 0.1-10% of the weight of the granules, and further 1-5%.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned suspending agent particles, which comprises the steps of: stirring and mixing the raw materials of the suspending agent particles at a temperature 5 to 30° C. higher than the melting temperature of the auxiliary material, more preferably 10 to 25° C., and then granulating to obtain the suspending agent particles.
- the granulation process is to solidify the droplets obtained by centrifugation or spraying into spherical and/or quasi-spherical particles by cooling, and the cooling temperature is preferably 10 to 30° C. lower than the melting temperature, softening point or solidification point of the auxiliary material.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides use of the above-mentioned suspending agent particles in preparing a suspension of a coccidia vaccine, a medicine or an additive.
- the coccidia vaccine is preferably selected from coccidia oocyst vaccines.
- the coccidia oocyst vaccine is selected from chicken coccidia oocyst vaccine, rabbit coccidia oocyst vaccine, pigeon coccidia oocyst vaccine, duck coccidia oocyst vaccine, goose coccidia oocyst vaccine, porcine coccidia oocyst vaccine, bovine coccidia oocyst vaccine, sheep coccidia oocyst vaccine, dog coccidia oocyst vaccine, and cat coccidia oocyst vaccine.
- the coccidia vaccine, medicine or additive can be added to the water before the suspending agent particles are added to the water, can also be added to the water at the same time as the suspending agent particles are added to the water, or can be added to the water after the suspending agent particles are added to the water.
- step (1) is performed before step (2), that is, the coccidia vaccine, drug or additive is added to the water after the suspending agent particles are added to the water, especially after the suspending agent is completely hydrated (that is, after a suspension of the desired viscosity is obtained).
- the suspension of coccidia vaccine, medicine or additive prepared by using the suspending agent particles can be used in an automated drinking water line for breeding.
- the suspension containing coccidia oocysts can be passed through an automated drinking water line for breeding so that the raised animals can obtain immunity through drinking water, and the poultry and livestock can be selected from chickens, rabbits, pigs, cattle and sheep.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for rapidly hydrating a suspending agent, the method comprising the following steps:
- the suspending agent component is selected from one or more of the following substances:
- Xanthan gum sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, sesbania gum, fenugreek gum, papaya seed gum, psyllium seed gum, artemisia seed gum, gum arabic, ghatti gum, dextran, welan gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, soluble starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethyl starch, polyethylene oxide, or a combination thereof.
- the screen structure of the stirring device is a raised mesh surface with a certain strength, and the raised direction of the screen structure is maintained without flipping during stirring.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a complete set of suspending agent products, comprising:
- Suspending agent particles prepared from raw materials containing suspending agent ingredients
- a stirring device having a mesh structure, wherein the ratio of the aperture of the mesh structure to the average particle size of the suspending agent particles is 0.3 to 1:1,
- the suspending agent particles When in use, the suspending agent particles are added into water, and the stirring device with the screen structure is used to stir the liquid containing the suspending agent particles and water, so that the suspending agent particles are quickly hydrated.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a complete set of suspension products containing coccidia oocyst vaccines, comprising:
- Suspension aid granules prepared from raw materials comprising a suspending agent component of short rheology
- a stirring device having a mesh structure, wherein the ratio of the aperture of the mesh structure to the diameter of the suspending agent particles is 0.3 to 1:1, and
- the suspending agent particles When in use, the suspending agent particles are added into water, and the stirring device with the screen structure is used to stir the liquid containing the suspending agent particles and water, so that the suspending agent particles are quickly hydrated to obtain a suspension liquid, and then the coccidia oocyst vaccine is added into the suspension liquid, and then stirred by the stirring device to obtain a suspension liquid in which the coccidia oocyst vaccine is evenly dispersed.
- the coccidia oocyst vaccine is selected from the group consisting of chicken coccidia oocyst vaccine, rabbit coccidia oocyst vaccine, pigeon coccidia oocyst vaccine, duck coccidia oocyst vaccine, goose coccidia oocyst vaccine, porcine coccidia oocyst vaccine, bovine coccidia oocyst vaccine, sheep coccidia oocyst vaccine, dog coccidia oocyst vaccine, and cat coccidia oocyst vaccine.
- the uniformly dispersed suspension of the coccidia oocyst vaccine is provided to the animals for drinking through drinking water or through an automated drinking water line for breeding to obtain immunity.
- the animals are selected from chickens, rabbits, pigeons, ducks, geese, pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs and cats.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention can be directly and quickly added to water when used, without the need for careful slow pouring operations, which solves the problem that it is difficult to manually stir and eliminate "fish eyes” formed when powdered suspending agents or their compositions are added to water.
- the "suspending agent” is a dispersed substance
- the "excipient” is a dispersion medium.
- Each suspending agent particle is independent of each other, so that when added to water, it can be quickly added without worrying about mutual adhesion; this addition can be to stir the particles immediately after quickly adding them to water, or both at the same time.
- a single suspending agent particle can be quickly dispersed without adhesion, and the large "fish eye” phenomenon that occurs when the powdered suspending agent is added to water will not occur.
- the particles of the present invention are added to water, after contacting water, a "fish eye”-like floccules will appear on the outside of the particles after hydration, but there will be no hydration inside; and each suspending agent has a fixed shape and a certain particle size, which limits the shape and size of the "fish eye”-like floccules, so that the disappearance time of the "fish eye”-like floccules will also be relatively consistent.
- the density of the auxiliary material (for example, polyethylene glycol) used for the suspending agent particles in addition is not very large, and the suspension produced after the suspending agent particles are added to the water can hold the micelles similar to the "fish eyes" of the partial hydration, so that the micelles are “suspended” in (water) most of the time, reducing the phenomenon of large "fish eyes” produced due to bonding between particles.
- auxiliary material for example, polyethylene glycol
- the micelles similar to the "fish eyes" will disappear in succession in a shorter time, and when the micelles disappear, the viscosity stirring of the water no longer changes, and the hydration of the suspending agent components is complete, so the micelle disappearance can be used as a visual feature of the hydration of the suspending agent.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention are at the moment of adding water, because their surface is relatively smooth, and there will be no appearance of xanthan gum powder, and the surface adheres to air and floats on the water surface, and this particle can be suspended in water under slight stirring, and gradually disappears.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention After the suspending agent particles of the present invention are added to water, the suspending agent particles gradually swell and hydrate to form a structure in which the external hydrated suspending agent envelops the internal unhydrated suspending agent, and the external hydrated suspending agent of the suspending agent is in a transparent or translucent state, which is obviously different from the opaque state of the internal unhydrated suspending agent, and is easily visible to the human eye, similar to the "fish eye” mentioned above.
- the size of the suspending agent particles similar to the "fish eye” is limited to the size of the suspending agent particles themselves.
- the suspending agent particles disappear, the viscosity of the suspension is basically no longer changed, indicating that the suspending agent particles have been fully hydrated and the required viscosity is obtained. Therefore, the disappearance of the suspending agent particles similar to the "fish eye" can be used as a visual feature to judge whether the suspension preparation process is completed, which is convenient for on-site operation.
- the micelles similar to "fish eyes” formed by the suspending agent particles of the present invention can be used as a visual feature of whether the suspending agent is fully hydrated. It is similar to the "fish eyes” formed when the powdered suspending agent is quickly added to water. The similarity is that both are external hydrated suspending agents to form a transparent or translucent colloidal state, and the internal unhydrated suspending agent wrapped, and the suspending agents in different states are obviously different.
- the internal unhydrated suspending agent is the "core" of the "fish eyes”.
- the difference between the two is that when the general powdered suspending agent is quickly added to the water without rapid stirring, the size of the "fish eyes” formed is generally uneven, and its morphology is also irregular (see Figures 2 and 3), and it is very difficult to eliminate such "fish eyes”.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention are obtained by melting the auxiliary materials into a liquid state and then dispersing and/or dissolving the suspending agent therein, and then obtaining particles by methods such as centrifugal cooling, for example, spherical or spherical particles, that is to say, the size of the micelles similar to "fish eyes” is limited by the shape of the suspending agent particles themselves.
- suspending agent on the outer layer of the suspending agent particle first contacts water and hydrates. Because the suspending agent is evenly dispersed by the excipients, it is gradually hydrated during hydration due to the segmentation effect of the excipients. At the very beginning, the suspending agent particles show the initial particle shape. As the suspending agent on the outer layer is hydrated (the suspending agent gradually dissolves into water after hydration) and the excipients on the outer layer are dissolved, the micelles gradually become smaller.
- the hydrated suspending agent on the outer layer will not form a complete colloid shell or the colloid shell is thin because it is segmented by the excipients, so it cannot hinder the hydration of the internal suspending agent.
- the internal suspending agent is hydrated successively (specifically see Fig. 7 a to Fig.
- the material to be suspended can be added, and stirring is continued to disperse the material, while improving the hydration of the suspending agent.
- the material to be suspended can be added after it is believed that the above-mentioned "fish-eye"-like micelles are no longer observed, and a stable suspension can be further obtained through a subsequent stirring and dispersing process.
- the "fish eye” phenomenon can be reduced by mixing the powdered suspending agent with auxiliary materials such as powdered glucose and then adding it to water, "fish eyes” are also inevitable.
- auxiliary materials such as powdered glucose
- fish eyes are also inevitable.
- the external components of the agglomerated suspending agent are quickly hydrated, so that the suspending agent that was originally separated by the auxiliary materials (such as glucose) gathers together again during hydration, and the unhydrated suspending agent is wrapped therein, forming the so-called "fish eyes”.
- this form of suspending agent is generally added at a slow speed when added to water, and a faster stirring speed should be maintained to reduce the probability of the occurrence of such "fish eyes” and the size of the "fish eyes".
- the "fish eyes” are greatly affected by the operation during actual use. If a large amount of such suspending agent mixture is added to water at one time, a larger "fish eye” will be formed, the outermost suspending agent is hydrated, and the suspending agent inside cannot be hydrated, and the time required for the suspending agent to be completely hydrated is very long.
- suspension agent composition prepared by this simple mixture is easy to cause uncertainty caused by different people and different operations in actual operation.
- the suspension agent and the auxiliary material of the suspension agent granules of the present invention are mixed and dispersed during the preparation process, and the dispersion of the suspension agent in the auxiliary material is relatively uniform, and the cooling process of this dispersion in the particles is fixed.
- the dispersing effect of the auxiliary material on the suspension agent is different from simply mixing the suspension agent and the auxiliary material (such as glucose), because the suspension agent particles have been prepared into particles with fixed shapes.
- the auxiliary material such as glucose
- the suspension agent particles When added to water, due to the physical division between the particles, it can be quickly added to the water, and only manual stirring is required in this process; it is also possible not to stir when the suspension agent particles are added to the water, and stir immediately after adding to the water. In this case, no bonding between the particles will be caused.
- the size of the "fish eye"-like micelles formed by the suspension agent in the form of particles is less affected by human operation, and the operation is more convenient.
- a stirring device with a screen structure is used for hydration.
- the aperture of the screen structure matches the suspending agent particles, not only can the hydration process be further accelerated, but the disappearance of the "fish eye” accompanying the hydration process can also be more intuitively observed, which is more suitable for on-site preparation, especially on-site manual preparation.
- Figure 1 shows the situation when the xanthan gum particles of the present invention are added to water at once. The particles sink quickly into the water, and a little stirring is sufficient at this time, and no large lumps of micelles similar to "fish eyes" that are difficult to eliminate will appear.
- FIG. 2 shows that the composition formed by mixing powdered xanthan gum and glucose excipients under manual stirring forms a "fish-eye"-like micelle with uneven size.
- FIG. 3 shows that the composition formed by mixing powdered xanthan gum and glucose excipients under manual stirring forms a "fish-eye"-like micelle with uneven size.
- FIG. 4 a and FIG. 4 b show the morphology of the suspending agent particles of the present invention observed under a microscope, which are spherical or quasi-spherical particles.
- FIG. 5 a and FIG. 5 b show the “fish-eye”-like micelles formed by the suspending agent particles of the present invention during the hydration process, which are uniform in size.
- FIG. 6 shows the state of the suspending agent particles of the present invention after hydration is completed, and no “fish-eye”-like micelles are observed.
- Figure 7a, Figure 7b, Figure 7c, Figure 7d, Figure 7e, and Figure 7f respectively show the hydration process of the suspending agent particles (observed under a microscope).
- Fig. 8a, Fig. 8b, Fig. 8c and Fig. 8d are respectively a front view, a first side view, a rear view and a second side view of a stirring device with a screen structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
- state A is when the concave surface of the screen is consistent with the stirring direction
- state B is when the concave surface of the screen is opposite to the water flow direction
- state C is when the convex surface of the screen is opposite to the stirring direction.
- FIG. 10 shows the angle E between the surface where the edge of the screen structure is located and the convex surface of the screen.
- Figures 11a and 11b respectively show the conditions of the suspending agent observed at the initial stage of stirring using a stirring device with a screen structure during the preparation of the suspending liquid (more unhydrated suspending agent particles) and the conditions of the suspending agent observed after being completely hydrated (the suspending agent particles have basically completely disappeared) after stirring for about 5 minutes.
- FIG12 shows that in the process of preparing a suspension using a stirring device with a screen structure, the suspending agent particles adhering to the wall of the container used are easily scraped off by the raised mesh surface and enter the water.
- FIG. 13 shows the state of the suspension after stirring with a conventional glass rod for 15 minutes. It can be seen that there are still a large number of unhydrated suspending agent particles in the suspension.
- the inventors of the present application have found that in order to eliminate the "fish eye” phenomenon formed by adding a large amount of pure suspending agent powder or a composition of suspending agent powder containing powdered auxiliary materials into water at one time, reducing the hydration rate of suspending agents such as xanthan gum can improve its hydration rate.
- the inventors of the present application have also found that uniform spherical particles prepared by uniformly dispersing suspending agents such as xanthan gum in auxiliary materials such as polyethylene glycol 4000 can be directly added to water at one time when preparing a suspension, because the suspending agent is separated by auxiliary materials such as polyethylene glycol 4000 (that is, the dispersing effect of polyethylene glycol in the particles on suspending agents such as xanthan gum and the physical segmentation effect between the particles), the suspending agent particles can be very effectively avoided from bonding between the particles by slightly stirring after being added to the water, and the suspension generated by the single suspending agent particles in the process of gradual hydration can suspend the suspending agent particles themselves.
- the suspending agent on the outside of the particle is hydrated while the suspending agent on the inside is not hydrated.
- the external hydrated suspending agent is transparent or translucent, which is clearly distinguished from the opaque state of the internal unhydrated suspending agent, so that the micelles of the particles in the hydrated state in water look like "fish eyes", similar to the "fish eyes” state that occurs when the suspending agent powder is directly added to water.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention due to the separation effect of the excipients on the suspending agent, the hydration of the external suspending agent will not form a viscous colloid shell that prevents the internal suspending agent from being hydrated for a long time.
- this granular suspending agent when this granular suspending agent is added to water, although it will also form a structure of external hydrated suspending agent encapsulating internal unhydrated suspending agent micelles, similar to "fish eyes", but its internal unhydrated suspending agent is mixed with auxiliary materials, and it will be hydrated very quickly and easily, and will be completely hydrated within 5 to 30 minutes (except for the need to stir for a few minutes when adding, there is no need to stir manually during the hydration process of the particles, although stirring can still accelerate the process of this hydration, but it is not necessary), the micelles disappear, and the viscosity of the suspension measured at this time is basically no longer changed by stirring, indicating that the hydration of the suspending agent particles is complete.
- suspending agent particles of the present invention become very convenient when used, and are very suitable for the occasions where there is no high-speed stirring and/or high-speed shearing instrument or viscosity testing instrument on site, and are suitable for the preparation of suspending agents in most farms.
- the inventor found that when the proportion of the suspending agent component in the granules gradually increases, such as exceeding 25%, especially exceeding 50%, the segmentation effect of the auxiliary material on the suspending agent gradually becomes worse, and the use of a conventional stirring rod (such as a wooden stick, etc.) to stir and promote the hydration of the suspending agent component requires a long time (for example, 30 minutes or longer) to make the suspending agent component completely hydrated, and the advantage of the convenient use of the suspending agent granules cannot be reflected.
- a conventional stirring rod such as a wooden stick, etc.
- the inventor has conducted a large number of in-depth studies and found that changing the shearing mode of the stirring device can improve the hydration process of the suspending agent granules and accelerate hydration, and surprisingly found that the shearing mode formed by stirring with a stirring device (for example, a colander) having a screen structure can greatly accelerate the hydration process of the suspending agent granules, which is convenient for the occasion without mechanical stirring equipment, through manual stirring, and quickly preparing the suspension, and when the aperture of the screen structure is slightly smaller than the particle size of the suspending agent granules, the effect of stirring to accelerate the hydration process of the suspending agent granules is more obvious.
- a stirring device for example, a colander
- the inventors found that the suspending agent particles containing a higher content of the suspending agent component are prepared into particles with a specific particle size. After the suspending agent particles are added to water, they are stirred by a stirring device with a screen structure with a specific aperture, and a fully hydrated suspension can be quickly obtained. In this process, whether the suspending agent particles can pass through the screen can be used as a visual mark of the hydration degree and/or complete hydration of the suspending agent.
- This method for preparing a suspension is particularly suitable for occasions where there is no mechanical stirring device on site and manual stirring is required to prepare the suspension. On this basis, the present invention has been completed through a series of experiments.
- particles refer to spherical or spherical shapes.
- suspension refers to an aqueous suspension.
- “manual stirring” or “manual slow stirring” or “manual stirring” refers to stirring at 5 to 100 rpm, and further refers to stirring at 30 to 60 rpm, which can generally be achieved by stirring with a stirring rod.
- room temperature or "normal temperature” are the same, both referring to 4 to 40°C.
- the molecular weight of a polymer refers to the average molecular weight unless otherwise specified.
- Suspending agents that can be used in the present invention include but are not limited to xanthan gum, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, carrageenan, tara gum, guar gum, pectin, sesbania gum, papaya seed gum, plantain seed gum, artemisia seed gum, gum arabic, gum ghatti, dextran, welan gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, soluble starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethyl starch and polyethylene oxide.
- the main difference between polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol mentioned in this article is the molecular weight.
- the molecular weight above 25,000 is called polyethylene oxide and is used as a thickener.
- the molecular weight below this is polyethylene glycol, which is used as an auxiliary material and not as the main component for producing viscosity.
- the preferred suspending agent that can be used for the present invention is resistant to high-speed shearing, because obtaining the dispersion of the suspending agent in the auxiliary material generally requires that the suspending agent be uniformly dispersed in the molten auxiliary material by high-speed shearing under the auxiliary material molten state, so if the suspending agent itself is not resistant to high-speed shearing, its structure is destroyed in the preparation process of high-speed shearing, causing the suspension performance of the suspending agent to be lost, and the purpose of the application can not be achieved.
- the uniform dispersion of the suspending agent in the auxiliary material can also be obtained by slow stirring for a long time, this will prolong the preparation time. It is also possible to use stirring to disperse the suspending agent that can be dissolved in the molten auxiliary material.
- the suspending agent be a suspending agent that can be hydrated at room temperature.
- Suspending agents that require high temperatures to obtain viscosity are inconvenient to use in actual applications, and therefore are not suitable for actual scenarios in the livestock and poultry farming industry.
- many coccidia vaccines, drugs or additives that need to be suspended are not resistant to high temperatures. When heating is required to prepare a suspension, the prepared suspension needs to be cooled before use, which also causes inconvenience in use and prolongs the on-site operation time.
- suspending agent solution generally needs to use water, the simplest is to use tap water, or directly use underground water (such as well water, spring water, etc.).
- the water quality difference in different regions is very large, for example, the hardness of mountain water is larger, even if the hardness of tap water also can have a larger difference, not to mention the underground water without special treatment.
- Some suspending agents, such as sodium polyacrylate have higher viscosity and suspension in pure water, but can be affected by calcium, magnesium ions, etc. in water and cause the decline of viscosity or even lose, which causes the difference of uniform product use performance in different regions, brings constant to actual use.
- the suspending agent in the present invention is preferably a suspending agent of unclear sense of hardness of water, for example, xanthan gum, guar gum, pectin, sesbania gum, fenugreek gum, papaya seed gum, plantain seed gum, wormwood seed gum, gum arabic, gum ghatti, dextran, welan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, soluble starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethyl starch, polyethylene oxide.
- the suspending agent is more preferably xanthan gum, guar gum, pectin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose; and xanthan gum is most preferred.
- the suspending agent is uniformly dispersed in the auxiliary material.
- the auxiliary material is preferably water-soluble and can be melted at low temperature, so that when the suspending agent granules are dispersed in water, the auxiliary material quickly dissolves in water without affecting the hydration of the suspending agent, and the suspending agent granules are easily prepared to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
- the auxiliary material of the suspending agent granules of the present invention requires from the perspective of preparation that the auxiliary material can be turned into a liquid state at a relatively low temperature and can be uniformly and fully mixed with the suspending agent; and in the actual storage and transportation process, it is required to have a higher softening temperature so that it will not soften even at a relatively high temperature and can maintain a better use state.
- the auxiliary materials used in the present invention preferably do not produce obvious viscosity in the suspension, and the main component that produces viscosity and suspension function is the "suspending agent".
- the viscosity of the suspension is mainly contributed by the suspending agent.
- more than 90% of the viscosity of the suspension is contributed by the suspending agent.
- the viscosity produced by the former is at least three times that of the latter.
- the weight content of the suspending agent in the above suspending agent particles is 1-50%, more preferably 1-40%; further preferably within 3-30%, such as 3-25%, 5-15%.
- the auxiliary material used in the present invention has a softening point and/or melting point and/or freezing point above 40°C, such as 40°C to 80°C, more preferably above 45°C, such as 45°C to 70°C, 50°C to 68°C.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer containing ethylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol structure is 1,500 to 25,000, more preferably 2,000 to 20,000, and even more preferably 3,000 to 10,000.
- the average molecular weight is the average molecular weight calculated based on the measured value of OH.
- the average molecular weight is generally considered to be qualified within plus or minus 30% of the molecular weight shown, and further within plus or minus 10%.
- the auxiliary materials used in the present invention include but are not limited to polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 , further 1.5 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 4 , and having a —(CH 2 CH 2 O) m — structure; more preferably, the molecular weight is 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 3 ⁇ 10 4 .
- the polyethylene glycol can be selected from polymers containing ethylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol structure, such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer, or a substance with one or both ends of the above substances capped by ether bonds, wherein the ether bonds at one or both ends used for capping are methoxy, ethoxypropoxy, etc.
- the average molecular weight can be measured by gel chromatography.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention After the suspending agent particles of the present invention are added to water, the suspending agent particles form a floccule in which the external hydrated suspending agent wraps the internal unhydrated suspending agent.
- the hydrated suspending agent is in a transparent or translucent state, causing the hydrated part and the unhydrated part to be clearly distinguished, which is easy to be seen by the human eye.
- This state is similar to the "fish eye” formed when the suspending agent powder is added to water, but the hydration speed of the internal unhydrated suspending agent in the floccules formed by the suspending agent particles is faster than the "fish eye” formed when the suspending agent powder is added to water, and it is also easier.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention preferably contain a dye (preferably edible) as a further indicator. This color dissolves in the suspension as the suspending agent particles are hydrated, while the color of the core without hydration is darker, forming a more obvious difference.
- the color can adhere to the animal's mouth, and can also be used as a basis for judging whether the animal will subsequently ingest (such as orally) the vaccine.
- the weight content of the dye in the suspending agent particles is preferably 0.1-1%.
- the dyes that can be used in the present invention include but are not limited to brilliant blue, indigo, lemon yellow, carmine, and amaranth.
- the tinting power of brilliant blue is relatively strong, and a combination of brilliant blue, lemon yellow, and carmine is preferred.
- the dye used in the present invention belongs to water-soluble dye, and is easily soluble in water. If granular or powdery dye, auxiliary material and suspending agent (such as xanthan gum etc.) are simply stirred and mixed to form a composition, when added to water, because the dissolution rate of dye is faster, it will be dissolved in water first, and then suspending agent and auxiliary material dissolve, so the degree of hydration can not be judged by the situation of the color obtained by the dissolution of dye.
- auxiliary material and suspending agent such as xanthan gum etc.
- dye is evenly dispersed in the whole suspending agent granules, after suspending agent granules are added to water, external suspending agent first contacts with water to produce hydration, external dye also dissolves and diffuses, so the color of hydrated part and the unhydrated part inside will produce very obvious color difference, hydrated part is shallow and unhydrated part (core) is deep, so that the micelle similar to "fish eye” is seen more clearly, and the degree of hydration of particles and whether hydration is complete can be seen more clearly.
- the degree of hydration of particles can also be judged according to the transparency of suspending agent particles themselves, after dye is added in suspending agent particles, the micelle formed in the hydration process is seen more clearly.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention generally have a relatively concentrated particle size range distribution, and the hydration time thereof is roughly within a certain range.
- the hydration degree of the particles can be very intuitively judged by observing the difference between the color of the core and the color of the entire liquid during the hydration process of the particles.
- the suspending agent such as xanthan gum
- the color indication can basically be used to indicate the hydration degree thereof.
- dyes are used as soluble color indicators in the present invention, adding them to water in the form of individual pigments can also achieve a certain indication effect.
- the pigments themselves are particles, their own particle characteristics may affect the judgment of the changes and disappearance of the "fish eye”-like micelles, and therefore they are not preferred.
- color is used as an indicator, so its dosage is relatively small, generally 0.1-1% is sufficient to obtain the color indication effect; more preferably 0.1-0.5%.
- brilliant blue has a very strong dyeing property, and a very small amount can obtain a very obvious color.
- the opaque white color of xanthan gum particles can also be used as a visual feature to judge hydration.
- the suspension agent particles may also include a second auxiliary material with a low softening point and/or melting point and/or freezing point.
- the softening point and/or melting point and/or freezing point is lower than room temperature, and further below 0°C, that is, it is a liquid at room temperature.
- the weight content of the second auxiliary material in the suspension agent particles accounts for 0.1-20% of the weight of the particles, further 0.5-10%, and most preferably 1-5%.
- the function of this component is to adjust the fluidity of the liquid during preparation, so that better fluidity can be obtained at a lower temperature, which is convenient for granulation.
- this low freezing point substance has a certain volatilization process, which reduces the temperature of the particle surface, so that the prepared particles can condense faster, so that energy is saved when preparing particles by centrifugation and spray drying, so that the cooling temperature does not need to be set at a particularly low temperature, and the equipment height can also be reduced, or at the same height, the production capacity can be increased.
- the second auxiliary material that can be used in the present invention includes but is not limited to glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and ethanol.
- the average particle size of the particles is less than 2 mm, such as 2 mm to 0.2 mm, and it is further preferred that the particle size is less than 1 mm, such as 1 mm to 0.5 mm, and further less than 0.8 mm, such as 0.8 mm to 0.5 mm.
- the above particle size range is a particle size range that can be sieved using a conventional sample sieve.
- the particle size is the diameter of the sphere, and for non-spherical particles, it is its equivalent diameter.
- the particle size distribution is preferably within a relatively narrow range to obtain a relatively uniform hydration rate. It is beneficial that the particle size distribution is more concentrated, so that the appearance of visual features can be more easily observed.
- a component for example, a water softener
- the water quality mentioned here mainly refers to the different hardness of water caused by calcium and magnesium ions.
- the principle that the water softener reduces the sensitivity of the suspending agent particles to water quality is that it has a higher priority than the suspending agent in complexing calcium and magnesium ions, so that the viscosity change of the suspension prepared by the suspending agent particles by water quality becomes smaller.
- the water softener that can be used for the present invention includes but is not limited to imide sulfonates, amino-containing carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof (for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, etc.), hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof (for example, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succinate, etc.), and polyphosphates. Although it is advantageous for most suspending agents, it is insensitive to water quality for xanthan gum, etc., and it is preferred not to add this substance.
- imide sulfonates for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, etc.
- hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof for example, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium carboxymethyl succ
- the preparation method of the suspending agent particles of the present invention preferably utilizes existing granulation methods, such as spray granulation, centrifugal granulation and the like.
- the granulation process generally includes, firstly, melting the auxiliary material and uniformly mixing it with the suspending agent, and/or the second auxiliary material and/or the dye and/or the water softener, which generally requires a long period of stirring or a high-speed stirring process, and then controlling the system temperature so that the feed liquid maintains a liquid state, spraying or centrifuging to obtain droplets; then cooling the droplets under cooling conditions to become solids, and finally screening to obtain suspending agent particles of the desired particle size.
- the stirring and dispersing equipment, spray granulation equipment, and centrifugal granulation equipment used in this process can select existing equipment, and the parameters such as the stirring and dispersing time, temperature, centrifugal granulation speed, and droplet condensation temperature can be adjusted according to the specific reagent conditions.
- the raw materials of the suspending agent granules are preferably stirred and mixed at a temperature 5 to 30° C. higher than the melting temperature of the auxiliary material, and then granulated to obtain the suspending agent granules.
- the temperature of the feed liquid during centrifugation and spray granulation is 5 to 15° C. higher than the melting temperature of the auxiliary material.
- the suspending agent particles are solidified into spherical and/or quasi-spherical granular suspending agents by cooling the droplets obtained by centrifugation and spraying during the granulation process; preferably, the cooling temperature is 10-30° C. lower than the melting temperature, softening point or solidification point of the auxiliary material.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention can be used to prepare (aqueous) suspensions of coccidia vaccines, drugs or additives.
- the coccidia vaccines mentioned here include but are not limited to coccidia oocyst vaccines.
- the coccidia oocyst vaccines mentioned here include but are not limited to chicken coccidia oocyst vaccine, rabbit coccidia oocyst vaccine, pigeon coccidia oocyst vaccine, duck coccidia oocyst vaccine, goose coccidia oocyst vaccine, porcine coccidia oocyst vaccine, bovine coccidia oocyst vaccine, sheep coccidia oocyst vaccine, dog coccidia oocyst vaccine, and cat coccidia oocyst vaccine.
- the method of using the suspending agent particles of the present invention is very simple and can meet the operation of general farms.
- the suspending agent particles of the prescribed amount are added to water and stirred. When the micelles similar to "fish eyes" are observed to disappear, it can be considered that the suspending agent has been fully hydrated, and the suspension reaches the expected viscosity and can be used to suspend the material to be suspended.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention are prescribed in an amount according to their specific suspending agent components, because for specific suspending agent components, 1g of the component contributes substantially to the viscosity of water.
- the adjuvant does have a slight effect on the rheological characteristics of the suspending agent, the thickening and/or suspending effect is still mainly produced by the suspending agent.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention are preferably added to water slowly and stirred, the suspending agent particles of the present invention have very low requirements for the speed of adding to water, and the suspending agent can even be added and stirred at one time.
- the water is added at one time, it is preferred to stir the water during the addition process, and continue to stir for 1 to 2 minutes after the addition is completed, so as to avoid the particles from sticking together after hydration, resulting in the extension of the subsequent hydration time.
- the suspending agent particles After the suspending agent particles are added, there is no need to stir all the time. After the suspending agent particles are added to the water, it is observed that the particles begin to hydrate, and then form a "fish eye"-like micelle with a core in the middle.
- suspending agent is not completely hydrated. If the entire liquid is relatively uniform and basically no micelle with a core in the middle is observed, it means that the suspending agent is basically completely hydrated, and you can add coccidia vaccine, drugs or other additives to it. To be on the safe side, you can stir it again after no micelle with a core is observed, and then add the ingredients that need to be suspended.
- the above-mentioned cored micelles are actually similar to the "fish eye” phenomenon produced by hydration when the suspending agent powder is quickly added to water, but the "fish eye” formed by the rapid addition of the suspending agent powder to water is difficult to eliminate in a short time, which is disadvantageous for preparing suspensions, because the rapid hydration of the suspending agent powder hinders the hydration of the internal suspending agent powder, so once the "fish eye” is generated, it will be very difficult to disappear, unless it is sheared at high speed.
- the suspending agent particles prepared by the present invention use easily soluble auxiliary materials to control the micelles similar to "fish eyes" in a single particle, the hydration speed is controllable, and the micelles are gradually hydrated completely under slow stirring or even without stirring.
- the external hydrated suspending agent will not hinder the internal unhydrated suspending agent, and the phenomenon of being unable to eliminate the "fish eye” for a long time will not occur, and the diameter of the suspending agent particles of the present invention is controllable, so that uncontrollable large "fish eyes” phenomenon will not be generated after being added to water; in addition, the micelles similar to "fish eyes” generated after the suspending agent particles of the present invention are added to water can be used as a very effective visual feature to judge whether the hydration is complete.
- This type of suspending agent particles is particularly suitable for aquaculture sites that do not have viscosity testing instruments and are inconvenient for rapid mechanical stirring. It is conducive to the development of aquaculture and the construction of food safety.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention preferably use a suspending agent (such as xanthan gum) that is insensitive to the hardness of water, which can be used for water of different hardnesses, and can obtain viscosity and suspension characteristics with little difference, which is conducive to obtaining a close suspension effect in different regions and under the conditions of water of different hardnesses; it is convenient for customers to use, and it is also convenient for the production of suspending agents carried out by factories, and one formula and one use scheme can basically meet the requirements, which is convenient for production enterprises to prepare.
- a suspending agent such as xanthan gum
- a water softener such as sodium polyphosphate, EDTA2Na, citrate and other substances
- a water softener can be added during the preparation of suspensions, for example, before the suspending agent particles are added to the water, the water softener is added to the water, or the water softener and suspending agent particles are added to the water together.
- the micelles similar to "fish eyes" formed by the suspending agent particles can also be used as visual features to judge whether the hydration is complete, which is convenient for on-site operations.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention can use the generation and disappearance of the "fish eye”-like micelles formed by the particles during manual stirring or slow stirring as a sign of whether the suspending agent is completely hydrated, which is convenient for preparing the suspension at the breeding site.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention can also be used to prepare the suspension in the presence of high-speed shearing equipment (that is, can also be used to quickly prepare the suspension), and there is no need to use the "fish eye” as a visual feature. This kind of suspending agent that is insensitive to shearing and can quickly prepare the suspension is advantageous not only in preparation but also in subsequent use.
- the function of the suspending agent in the suspending agent particles is to increase the viscosity of the system and/or to have a suspension effect when added to water, so that particles such as drugs, coccidia vaccines and other additives (such as feed) are suspended in water.
- 1-100g of suspending agent particles are added to 1L of water, and the viscosity of the prepared water suspension medium is about 20mpa.s-1000mpas (rotational viscometer, measured using 1# rotor at 6rpm), which can meet the suspension requirements of conventional drugs, coccidia vaccines and other additives (such as feed).
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention are added to 1L of water, and the viscosity of the prepared water suspension medium is 20-500mpas.
- the density is generally 0.8-1.5g/ cm3 , and the water medium with a viscosity of 20mpa.s-500mpa.s can suspend them for 6-12h.
- meeting the suspension of 6-8 hours can achieve its actual use requirements in production.
- drugs, coccidia vaccines and other additives with high density and large particles sufficient suspension can be obtained by reducing their particles or appropriately increasing the amount of suspending agent and increasing its viscosity.
- the amount of suspending agent particles can be obtained through experiments according to specific needs, and in actual use, it only needs to be prepared according to the required dosage.
- the method for rapidly hydrating a suspending agent of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the suspending agent with short rheology into particles to obtain suspending agent particles; (2) providing a stirring device with a mesh structure, wherein the ratio of the aperture of the mesh structure to the diameter of the suspending agent particles is 0.3 to 1:1; and (3) adding the suspending agent particles into water, and stirring the liquid containing the suspending agent particles and water by the stirring device with the mesh structure, so that the suspending agent particles are rapidly hydrated.
- the mesh of the stirring device with a screen structure of the present invention can be in various shapes, such as circular, square, rectangular, elliptical, rhombus, triangle, trapezoidal, etc., preferably square (because of the process of preparing the screen and the convex shape of the screen, the so-called square does not require the length of each side to be strictly consistent and the angle to be strictly 90°, but it is required to be within a reasonable similar range).
- the aperture of the screen structure for a circular mesh, is the diameter of the circular aperture, and for a square mesh, it refers to the length (side length) of the square.
- the mesh has the same aperture (from the production process, the same aperture refers to fluctuations within a certain range).
- the mesh of the screen structure has two functions: (a) to enable the suspending agent particles to be hydrated faster. Two) to facilitate the observation of the hydration degree indication of the suspending agent.
- the suspending agent particles will form a "fish eye” with a greasy texture during the hydration process, and the external hydrated part will wrap the "core" of the internal unhydrated part, causing the hydration speed of the suspending agent particles to slow down.
- the cylindrical stirring rod has a nearly streamlined structure. When approaching the incompletely hydrated suspending agent particles, it cannot effectively apply enough shear to the hydrated part of the suspending agent to promote the separation of the hydrated part and the unhydrated part.
- the screen structure of the stirring device with a screen structure of the present invention is preferably woven from silk or wire, such as a common screen structure. Within the mesh range of the present invention, the diameter of the silk or wire of the woven screen structure is much smaller than the mesh.
- the silk or wire applies a large shear to the hydrated part and the unhydrated part of the suspending agent particles during movement, so that the two are separated, the unhydrated part is exposed, and further hydration becomes easy.
- the screen structure has a raised mesh surface and has a certain strength, so that the resistance of the suspension will not cause the raised direction of the mesh surface to be reversed during the stirring process.
- This strength can be provided by the silk or wire of the woven screen structure, and can also be achieved by an external support frame. From an operational aspect and a functional standpoint for a particular use, it is preferred that such strength be provided by the wires or threads of the woven mesh structure.
- the screen structure with a flat mesh surface also has a shearing effect, from the perspective of ease of use, especially the manual operation method of the present application, the mesh surface of this shape cannot fit well with the container wall for preparing the suspension, and the suspending agent particles adhering to the container wall cannot be scraped off in time; while the raised portion with a convex mesh surface can fit well with the container part, and it is convenient to handle some suspending agent particles and/or powder adhering to the cylinder wall (especially the cylinder wall portion above the liquid level). Therefore, the screen structure with a convex mesh surface is preferred.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention undergo a hydration process after contacting with water. Because the screen has an aperture of a certain size, particles larger than its aperture (in the hydration process, the particles refer to partially hydrated particles) can be intercepted, and particles smaller than its aperture are not intercepted. In this way, in the hydration process, if the larger particles are not fully hydrated, they will be intercepted by the screen holes during the stirring process, and the operator can intuitively observe the proportion of insufficiently hydrated particles. In the stirring process, under the shearing action of the screen structure on the partially hydrated suspending agent particles, the insufficiently hydrated suspending agent particles gradually become smaller, and the proportion of particles intercepted by the screen structure also gradually decreases. In this way, the operator can intuitively observe the change in the hydration degree of the suspending agent particles to judge the hydration degree.
- the aperture of the sieve structure can be (the mesh number is compared with millimeters, and the records in different documents are slightly different) 12 mesh (1.70mm), 14 mesh (1.40mm), 16 mesh (1.16mm), 18 mesh (1.00mm), 20 mesh (0.83mm), 30 mesh (0.55mm) 40 mesh (0.38mm), 60 mesh (0.25mm), 80 mesh (0.18mm) and other standard sieve hole sizes, or other customizable mesh sizes (1.1mm, 0.1mm, etc.).
- the preferred mesh size is 0.83-0.38mm, which basically corresponds to the sieve aperture of 20-40 mesh.
- the aperture of the screen structure is 30-100% of the average particle size of the suspending agent particles, more preferably 30-80%, and further preferably 40-60%.
- the average particle size of the suspending agent particles and the aperture of the screen structure have this preferred ratio, in the hydration process, when the ratio of the suspending agent particles being trapped is large, it can be seen that the hydration degree is low and further hydration is required.
- the suspending agent particles are all smaller than the aperture of the used screen. After this, generally continue to stir for a period of time, and the suspending agent can complete hydration. In this way, the operator does not need to take out the feed liquid and place it in a transparent container for observation, which is more convenient and intuitive for on-site use.
- the aperture of the screen structure of the present invention has a relatively consistent structure and aperture size, and the suspending agent particles of the present invention have a certain particle size distribution.
- the average particle size of the particles can be an equivalent particle size; this can be an equivalent volume diameter or an equivalent projected area diameter.
- a simpler on-site use method is to use the screen of the provided stirring device to simply screen the suspending agent particles, that is, to use the screen of the stirring device with a screen structure of the present invention to screen the suspending agent particles to be hydrated, and generally about half of the particles can pass through the screen.
- the range of about half here is relatively broad, and can include a range of about 20-80%.
- suspending agent particles If all the suspending agent particles pass through the screen, it means that the particles are too small relative to the screen.
- using the stirring device with a screen structure of the present invention for stirring has no obvious effect on improving their hydration process (naturally it can also be used).
- the suspending agent particles themselves are larger, all the suspending agent particles cannot pass through the screen, and when the stirring device with the screen structure of the present invention is used to stir, the screen is weaker to the shearing effect of the particles, and the promotion effect of hydration is not particularly obvious (even in this case, such as a cylindrical stirring rod has obvious advantages).
- the suspending agent particles are all of uniform particle size, then it is advantageous to preferably have a particle size of the suspending agent that is close to and slightly larger than the sieve particle size.
- the suspending agent particles of the present invention have a very low requirement for the speed of pouring into water. They can be poured into water all at once and then stirred using a stirring device with a screen structure. The complete hydration of the suspending agent can be achieved quickly, which greatly facilitates use.
- the concave surface (inside) of the screen can be aligned with the stirring direction during the stirring process or at least part of the stirring time (state A), so that the screen can "hold” the liquid, apply shear force to partially hydrated particles, and accelerate the hydration process.
- the concave surface (inside) of the screen can be turned in the opposite direction of the water flow (the flowing liquid flows into the concave surface, state B), so that the inadequately hydrated and larger particles are "held” by the concave surface, which is convenient for observing the degree of hydration; if there are still many incompletely hydrated particles that are "held", it is only necessary to stir in the opposite direction of the stirring direction to the convex surface (state C), and the particles that were originally "held” will be washed away from the screen surface by the water flow and further hydrated. After that, the stirring can be reversed (state A).
- the convex surface has a certain strength.
- the concave surface can provide greater shear when it corresponds to the water flow direction (state A). If more unhydrated particles are trapped, reverse stirring is required to separate the trapped particles (state C). If the screen does not have a certain strength, the concave surface may flip during the above operation, which is not conducive to the operation.
- the mesh structure preferably has a certain elasticity, so that the convex surface can adapt to the inner surface of the barrel to a certain extent when pressed, and the particles adhering to the inner surface of the barrel can be scraped into the water to complete hydration, thus realizing a function that a cylindrical stirring rod cannot conveniently realize. Therefore, in order to realize this function, the mesh structure preferably has a convex surface with a certain strength and elasticity, which can be realized by selecting a specific material to prepare the mesh structure.
- the raised surface can also be provided by a supporting structure, and the supporting structure is on the outside of the raised surface.
- This supporting structure is generally a hard structure with poor elastic effect, and cannot be used to scrape the suspending agent particles adhered to the inner wall of the container for preparing the suspension into the water, and continue to hydrate, and some particles will be stuck between the screen and the supporting structure, reducing the overall hydration speed. If the supporting structure is on the inside of the raised surface, the above problems will also exist. Therefore, the supporting structure is preferably made of elastic material, that is, the screen structure of the present invention is a convex screen with a self-supporting structure.
- the structure of the screen is preferably made of metal or organic material with a certain strength.
- the overall flexible screen structure is not suitable for the present invention and is therefore not preferred.
- the wire or line of the woven screen structure can be metal or plastic material, preferably with greater strength, sufficient to prevent the concave surface from flipping during stirring.
- the diameter of the wire or line (wire diameter, wire diameter) is preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm, and more preferably less than 0.6 mm, for example 0.4-0.03 mm. To maintain a certain strength, preferably 0.4-0.1 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm.
- the wire diameter of the commonly used mesh screen is preferred.
- the materials of common industrial or civilian screens can be applied to the present invention.
- the diameter of the wire or line that generally makes up the screen is smaller than or much smaller than the size of the hole formed.
- the diameter of the wire or line of the woven mesh structure is related to the aperture of the mesh structure.
- a mesh structure with a smaller aperture can be woven with a wire or line of a smaller diameter to obtain sufficient elasticity and strength; a mesh structure with a larger aperture can be woven with a wire or line of a larger diameter.
- a reasonable choice can be made based on actual conditions.
- the edge of the screen structure preferably has an edge seal, which can provide additional support for the screen.
- the edge of the edge seal of the screen structure has a smaller radius of curvature.
- the edge seal is thinner, which facilitates the edge portion to contact the edge portion of the barrel bottom, because these places are most likely to accumulate suspending agent particles and are not easily contacted by the stirring device to affect the overall hydration, while the stirring device with a thinner edge can more easily contact these "dead corners".
- the angle E between the surface where the edge of the screen structure is located and the surface of the screen edge is preferably 5°-60° (see FIG. 3 ), and further preferably 10-45°.
- the stirring device with a mesh structure of the present invention comprises a mesh structure and a handle, and the handle has no special requirements, and can be conveniently operated by hand.
- the shearing method implemented by the stirring device with a mesh structure of the present invention can also be achieved by mechanical operation, the mechanical operation can generally be achieved by a faster stirring speed or a longer stirring time, so the advantage of using this mesh form in mechanical operation is not obvious, and it is mainly used in the form of manual operation.
- the stirring device with a screen structure preferably has a symmetrical screen structure as a stirring blade, the screen structure is preferably planar, the plane of the screen structure is preferably coplanar with the stirring shaft, and the stirring has a forward and reverse rotation function, or the screen structure is composed of a symmetrical structure, the center of symmetry of the symmetrical structure theoretically coincides with the line where the axis of stirring is located, and the stirring has a forward and reverse rotation function.
- the present invention is preferably manually operated.
- the screen structure is preferably circular as a whole, and its diameter is preferably 5-50cm; the shear that a screen structure with a smaller diameter can provide is limited and cannot meet the general needs of preparing suspensions on site.
- a suspension of several liters to tens of liters, a suspension of up to one hundred to two hundred liters, and a larger volume of suspending liquid are prepared on site manually, and can be prepared multiple times.
- a mechanical stirring or ordinary stirring device with a screen structure can be equipped.
- a screen structure with a diameter of 5-50cm can meet the above-mentioned needs.
- a stirring device with a relatively large diameter of the screen structure For a relatively large volume of feed liquid, it is advantageous to use a stirring device with a relatively large diameter of the screen structure.
- the specific selection can be made according to the actual situation of the feed liquid. For example, for thirty liters of feed liquid, a screen diameter of 10-25cm is a more suitable choice, and 12-20cm is more preferred.
- the specific selection is also related to the diameter and depth of the container used to prepare the feed liquid.
- the depth and diameter ratio of the container and/or the liquid used for preparing the feed liquid is 5:1-1:5, more preferably 2:1-1:2.
- the diameter of the screen structure is preferably 25-70%, more preferably 30-50% of its depth and/or diameter. This makes the operation more convenient.
- a stirring device with a screen structure is first used to complete the preparation of the suspension, and then the drug or substance to be suspended is added, especially for vaccine components such as live coccidia vaccines, so that the influence of stirring on the drug or substance such as the vaccine can be reduced.
- adding the drug to be suspended in water first and then adding the suspending agent particles to prepare the drug-containing suspension can also meet general needs, it is not a preferred method.
- preparing the suspension first and then adding the substance to be suspended further increases the stirring time of the feed liquid, which also additionally increases the stirring time of the suspension, and even if there are a small amount of incompletely hydrated particles, the hydration process can be further completed in this process. As preferred.
- the suspending agent components are prepared into suspending agent particles with a specific particle size.
- the content and particle size of the suspending agent components in the suspending agent particles can be adjusted according to the performance requirements of the suspension to be prepared; and the dust during use is reduced.
- Stirring with a stirring device having a screen structure can promote rapid hydration of the suspending agent particles to obtain a suspension of target viscosity.
- the degree of hydration can be judged based on the condition of the suspending agent particles trapped on the screen structure of the stirring device.
- the viscosity test was conducted at various rotation speeds using a rotational viscometer [NDJ-1 Rotational Viscometer, Shanghai Yueping Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.].
- composition of the suspension particles is shown in Table 1.
- the preparation process of the suspending agent particles is as follows: first, polyethylene glycol 4000 (the solidification point is measured to be 54-56°C) is heated to 80°C to become a transparent liquid, and then xanthan gum is added according to the above ratio, and dispersed under high-speed stirring at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the dispersion is uniformly obtained to obtain a milky white liquid, which is then slightly cooled to 70°C, and xanthan gum polyethylene glycol particles are obtained by centrifugal cooling, which are sieved to obtain suspending agent particles with a particle size of 0.3-1 mm. See Figure 4 (under a 4x objective) for a microscope photograph thereof.
- the method of preparing a suspension using the above-mentioned suspending agent particles is as follows: add 50g of suspending agent particles to 6L of water, add the suspending agent at one time, and stir manually when adding, continue stirring for 2 minutes after adding, stir for another 2 minutes after an interval of 10 minutes, (A time) observe the situation of the micelles similar to "fish eyes", if obvious micelles similar to "fish eyes” can be observed, then continue stirring for another 2 minutes after an interval of 10 minutes, (B time) continue to observe the micelle situation, generally the micelles can be observed to disappear in about 20 minutes; continue stirring for 2 minutes to obtain a suspension in which the suspending agent is completely hydrated. After stirring, measure the viscosity of the water. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the micelles similar to "fish eyes” formed during preparation are shown in Figures 5a and 5b, and disappear as shown in Figure 6; its hydration process observed under a microscope is shown in Figures 7a to 7f.
- Chicken coccidia vaccine was added to the suspension, stirred evenly, and then the viscosity was tested and the oocyst count was performed, and it was found that good suspension performance could be obtained.
- oocyst counting is as follows: Referring to the preparation method and the amount of suspending agent added, prepare 1.2L of suspending solution containing coccidian oocysts, which is composed of 943ml water + 10g suspending agent granules + 257mL oocyst liquid (oocysts for chicken poison seedling, concentration 700,000/ml, provided by Foshan Zhengdian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).
- the specific preparation process is: first add 943mL water to 10g suspending agent granules, refer to the above method, stir slowly, and after 20 minutes, basically no "fish eyes” can be observed, stir for another 5 minutes, add 257mL oocyst liquid, stir slowly for 10 minutes, stir evenly, and use a rubber-tipped dropper to extract the 1200ml scale line position of the beaker (2000ml beaker) and the oocyst liquid at the bottom of the beaker. Samples were taken from 0 to 0.5h, 2h, 4h, and 5.5h to 6h of dissolution.
- Sampling sites For each suspension sample, take the top liquid surface of the suspension (marked upper layer), the 600mL mark position of the 2L beaker (marked middle layer), and the 200mL mark position of the 2L beaker (marked lower layer); take 4 points on each layer of the liquid surface, each sampling point is 1mL, and mix them as the sample of this liquid surface. Each sample is placed in a 20mL polyethylene bottle, labeled, and stoppered for inspection. Microscopic examination and counting: Take 10 ⁇ L from each of the above samples and place it on a slide. Count the number of oocysts under a microscope at 10 ⁇ 10 times. The results are shown in Table 3.
- composition of the suspension particles is shown in Table 4.
- the preparation process of the suspending agent particles is as follows: first, polyethylene glycol 6000 is heated to about 80°C to become a transparent liquid, and then xanthan gum is added according to the above ratio, and dispersed under high-speed stirring at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the dispersion is uniformly obtained to obtain a milky white liquid, and then slightly cooled to 70°C, and xanthan gum polyethylene glycol particles are obtained by centrifugal cooling, and the particles are sieved to obtain suspending agent particles with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm.
- the method for preparing the suspension is: add 25g of suspending agent particles to 6L of water, add it all at once, and stir it manually during the addition. Continue stirring for 2 minutes after the addition is completed, stir for another 2 minutes after an interval of 10 minutes, observe the "fish-eye"-like micelles, continue stirring for another 2 minutes after an interval of 10 minutes, and continue to observe the micelles. At this time, basically no micelles are observed, and the viscosity is tested. After that, stir for 2 hours and test the viscosity. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 6 A method similar to that of Example 1 was used to prepare a coccidian oocyst suspension aid, and a satisfactory suspension effect was obtained. The results are shown in Table 6.
- polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol 4000 have similar structures, the main difference is the size of the molecular weight.
- the average molecular weight of polyethylene oxide is greater than 25,000, and it is mainly used as a thickener, while polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as an auxiliary material.
- Both polyethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol can melt and become liquid at around 70-80°C, so the mixing of these two substances does not require high-speed shearing. General stirring can obtain a uniform mixture, and this also avoids the destruction of the structure of high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide during high-speed shearing.
- the two can be mixed and heated, or heated and melted and then mixed, or one of the larger quantities can be heated and melted, and then the other is added to it, and the heating is continued until the mixture is melted and mixed uniformly.
- the specific preparation process of the suspending agent particles is as follows: first, polyethylene glycol 4000 is heated to 80° C. to become a transparent liquid, then polyethylene oxide is added according to the above ratio, and heating and melting are continued, and stirring is performed at a low speed of 200-300 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a substantially transparent liquid, and then slightly cooled to 74° C., and polyethylene glycol particles containing polyethylene oxide are obtained by centrifugation and cooling, and the polyethylene glycol particles are sieved to obtain white particles with a particle size of 0.25-0.83 mm (20 mesh-40 mesh).
- composition of the suspension particles is shown in Table 8.
- the preparation process of the suspending agent particles is as follows: first, Pluronic 10500 is heated to 65°C to become a transparent liquid, then carboxymethyl cellulose is added according to the above ratio and continued to be heated, and stirred at a low speed of 200-300 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain an opaque liquid, and then slightly cooled to 60°C, and Pluronic 10500 particles containing carboxymethyl cellulose are obtained by centrifugal cooling, which are sieved to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.38-0.83 mm (20-40 mesh).
- composition of the suspension particles is shown in Table 9.
- the preparation process of the suspending agent particles is as follows: first, polyethylene glycol 4000 is heated to 75° C. to become a transparent liquid, then xanthan gum and guar gum are added according to the above ratio and continued to be heated, stirred at 800 rpm for 25 minutes to obtain an opaque liquid, slightly cooled to 70° C., then ethanol-dissolved brilliant blue is added and stirred for another 10 minutes, and suspending agent particles containing xanthan gum and guar gum are obtained by centrifugal cooling, and the suspending agent particles are sieved to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.38 to 0.83 mm (20-40 mesh).
- composition of the suspension particles is shown in Table 10.
- the preparation process of the suspending agent particles is as follows: first, polyethylene glycol 4000 is heated to 75° C. to become a transparent liquid, then xanthan gum, sodium alginate and disodium EDTA are added according to the above proportions, stirred at 800 rpm for 25 minutes to obtain an opaque liquid, then cooled to 70° C., and particles containing xanthan gum, sodium alginate and disodium EDTA are obtained by centrifugal cooling, and the particles are sieved to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.38 to 0.8 mm (20-40 mesh).
- composition of the suspending agent is shown in Table 11.
- Preparation process First, polyethylene glycol 4000 is heated to 80°C to become a liquid, and then xanthan gum is added according to the above ratio, and it is evenly dispersed at 1000rpm to obtain an emulsion liquid with a light yellow color. Then it is slightly cooled to 70°C, and xanthan gum polyethylene glycol microcapsules are obtained by centrifugal cooling. They are sieved to obtain microcapsule suspending agents with a particle size of less than 1.4 mm.
- 100 g of the 25% xanthan gum suspending agent microcapsules prepared in Example 7 were poured into a 50 L open barrel filled with 30 L of water at one time, and stirred quickly manually using a stirring device with a screen structure (the diameter of the screen structure was 15 cm, and the screen aperture was 0.85 mm), and then the stirring was stopped to allow the liquid to flow through the screen, or stirred in the opposite direction to increase the shearing of the screen structure on the liquid. The above operation was repeated. After the suspending agent particles are poured into the water, they are stirred. When the sieve structure is used to pick up the suspending agent particles at the beginning, a large number of suspending agent particles can be observed to be intercepted by the sieve structure.
- sample to be suspended such as coccidia vaccine
- suspending liquid Add the sample to be suspended (such as coccidia vaccine) into the suspending liquid and continue stirring for 1-2 minutes to complete the preparation of the suspension solution, which can be applied to animal drinking scenarios. For example, it can be distributed to animals through a drinking bottle, or poured into a drinking line through a drinking line for animals to drink.
- the operation time of the above-mentioned whole process is completed within 10 minutes, which can meet the time and labor intensity requirements of on-site manual preparation.
- cylindrical stirring rods such as wooden or plastic rods, are generally used. These items are easily available on site, but do not have the ability to provide greater shear.
- the viscosity of the sample test was about 90mpas at 6rpm and about 31mpas at 60rpm, indicating that the suspending agent particles were fully hydrated; but the entire time required about 30 minutes, which was much longer than the hydration time of stirring with a stirring device having a screen structure in Example 8, because the wooden stick could not provide enough shearing. Moreover, such a long stirring time was labor-intensive for the on-site operator, and the process was unfriendly, and the degree of hydration of the suspending agent particles could not be visually observed by the stirring rod. It can be seen that stirring with a stirring device having a screen structure can greatly improve the efficiency of preparing the suspension and save labor.
- the sieve structure with a raised mesh surface has a lower uniformity and accuracy in aperture than the aperture of a standard flat mesh surface. Therefore, its aperture can be understood as a value near the indicated value, with a certain range of fluctuation.
- the suspending agent particles are much smaller than its aperture. Even if their diameter increases due to swelling after hydration, it is still smaller than the average aperture of the screen structure.
- the suspending agent particles can basically pass through the air. Therefore, it is basically not observed that the suspending agent particles are retained during the entire process of preparing the suspension.
- the aperture of the screen structure is about 60% of the diameter of the suspending agent particles (maximum particle size, the aperture of the screen), so more suspending agent particles begin to be retained, as hydration continues and shearing proceeds, most of the hydrated suspending agent particles become smaller in particle size than the aperture of the screen structure, and in about 4 minutes or so, all the suspending agent particles become smaller in diameter than the aperture of the screen structure, at this time, most of the suspending agent particles have undergone more sufficient hydration, and after 1 minute of subsequent stirring, a small amount of suspending agent particles that are not fully hydrated but have smaller particle size complete sufficient hydration, so when no suspending agent particles are retained on the screen structure, subsequent stirring only needs to be continued for about 1 minute to complete sufficient hydration. Afterwards, add the medicine to be suspended and continue stirring for 1-2 minutes.
- the coccidial oocyst vaccine After obtaining the suspension liquid after the suspending agent particles are fully hydrated, add the coccidial oocyst vaccine and stir for 1-2 minutes to obtain a uniformly stirred liquid, test the viscosity and count the oocysts to detect the suspension performance of the suspension.
- the sampling process is to sample 1mL at 4 places on the upper, middle and lower liquid surfaces of the suspension containing the coccidial oocyst vaccine, and mix them as samples of this liquid surface. Each sample is placed in a 20mL polyethylene bottle, labeled, and stoppered for inspection.
- mice Take 10 ⁇ L from the above samples and place them on a slide, and count the number of oocysts under a microscope at 10 ⁇ 10 times. Generally, the difference in the number of coccidial oocysts at different times in the upper, middle and lower layers is used as an indicator of suspension uniformity.
- the coccidial oocyst vaccine when the viscosity of the suspension is 30-40mpas at 6rpm, it can meet the requirements of drinking water for 6-8h, and it is naturally more able to meet the above requirements if it is greater than this value.
- the amount of suspending agent particles added can be adjusted according to the actual situation to obtain a suspension of corresponding viscosity.
- the amount of suspending agent particles added can be obtained through laboratory testing.
- the method of the present invention can be used to quickly prepare a suspending liquid by manual stirring without mechanical stirring on site to obtain a liquid containing the drug to be suspended, meeting the needs of actual use on site.
- composition of the suspending agent is shown in Table 13.
- Preparation process First, polyethylene glycol 4000 and polyethylene glycol 6000 are mixed and heated to 80°C to become a liquid, then xanthan gum is added and dispersed evenly at 1000 rpm to obtain an emulsion liquid with a light yellow color, then slightly cooled to 70°C, and xanthan gum polyethylene glycol microcapsules are obtained by centrifugal cooling, which are sieved to obtain a microsphere suspending agent with a particle size of less than 1.7 mm.
- the viscosity is about 89mpa.s at 6rpm and about 31mpa.s at 60rpm, which is very close to the viscosity of full hydration, indicating that the hydration of the suspending agent particles has been completed.
- Example 8 although the proportion of the suspending agent raw material in the suspending agent particles is doubled, the time to complete the hydration is not much different, and can be completed in 5-6 minutes. Because the method of the present invention for rapidly hydrating the suspending agent of short rheology uses manual stirring, the time to complete the hydration has a certain relationship with the manual stirring intensity and speed. Even if there are differences in the manual stirring intensity and speed, for the same suspending agent particles, under different manual stirring conditions, hydration can be completed within 10 minutes, meeting the time and labor intensity requirements of the suspension prepared manually on site.
- composition of the suspending agent is shown in Table 14.
- Preparation process First, polyethylene glycol 4000 is heated to 80°C to become a liquid, and then xanthan gum is added and dispersed evenly at 1000 rpm to obtain an emulsion liquid with a slightly yellow color. Then, it is slightly cooled to 70°C and centrifugally cooled to obtain xanthan gum polyethylene glycol microcapsules, which are sieved to obtain a microcapsule suspending agent with a particle size of less than 0.85 mm (which can be obtained by sieving through a sieve).
- a cylindrical rod is used for stirring, stirring is continued for about 12 minutes, and a suspension of fully hydrated suspending agent particles can be obtained;
- the suspending agent component content is low in the suspending agent particles of the present embodiment, so the segmentation effect of the auxiliary material is more obvious, and the hydration of the suspending agent particles is easier, so the cylindrical rod stirring can also obtain a relatively fast hydration rate.
- the time to achieve complete hydration using a cylindrical rod is more than twice the time to achieve complete hydration using a stirring device with a screen structure. If a cylindrical rod is used in the stirring process, it is first stirred for 2 minutes, 10 minutes apart, and then stirred for 2 minutes.
- the viscosity of different batches of suspending agent raw materials will be different, which also causes the viscosity of different batches of suspending agent particles to be different, and also causes the hydration time of different batches of suspending agent particles to be different.
- the hydration method of the present application can greatly reduce the hydration time, and it is certain that the hydration can be completed by convenient manual operation.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种助悬剂颗粒及其制备方法、用途和快速水合的方法,该助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.2mm~2mm,所述助悬剂颗粒包括助悬剂和辅料,其中所述助悬剂的重量百分比为1~50%,所述辅料的重量百分比为50~99%,所述助悬剂颗粒具有指示加入水中的助悬剂颗粒是否完全水合的可视化特征,所述可视化特征为当将所述助悬剂颗粒加入水中后,助悬剂颗粒逐渐溶胀形成结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团,当胶团消失时,水的粘度基本不再变化,助悬剂颗粒完全水合。
Description
本发明属于助悬剂领域,具体地说,涉及一种助悬剂微球及其制备方法、用途和快速水合方法。
助悬剂在食品工业、涂料、生物、药物制剂、疫苗免疫等众多行业都有应用。而现场通过固体助悬剂配制助悬液也在很多场合经常使用。助悬剂是溶解在水中在一定条件下充分水合后,能形成粘稠、滑腻质感的大分子物质,起到增稠、助悬等作用。一般助悬剂的水合速度较快,但是正是因为水合速度较快,若将助悬剂粉体较快地加入到水中时,助悬剂粉体很快聚集在一起,外层助悬剂粉体快速水合,水合的助悬剂其粘度而形成一层胶质壳,进而阻碍水与内部助悬剂粉体接触,从而阻碍了内部助悬剂粉体的水合,形成结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂粉末的胶团,一般将这种状态称之为“鱼眼”。一旦“鱼眼”尤其是较大尺寸的“鱼眼”形成,很难通过人工搅拌消除它们。因此,人们尽量避免“鱼眼”的生成,特别是大的“鱼眼”形成。控制助悬剂粉体加入速度是减少“鱼眼”生成的方法之一,但是这种方法并不能很好的消除“鱼眼”。因此能快速将助悬剂加入水中而不会产生这种大块的“鱼眼”,能为实际生产带来便利。
需要现场由助悬剂与水配制成具有悬浮、增稠、触变功能的混合液(介质)时,什么时间获得完全的水合,或者粘度已经基本稳定,可以通过粘度计进行测量,但是在养殖现场不一定有相关仪器,因此助悬剂的方便的可视化特征对于禽畜养殖业现场使用就显得很重要。例如,聚丙烯酰胺或聚丙烯酸钠水合后会形成长流型粘液,表现出“拉丝”的现象,使用者可以根据“拉丝”的现象作为可视化特征进行判断;但是对于像黄原胶这类助悬剂,配制的料液不具有上述特征,且手感与水类似,因此在没有现场测量仪器条件下,判断水合完全是不易实现的。
在实际的使用场合中,适用范围广,受水质影响小的助悬剂是人们希望的,例如,同样的加入量在全国各地能获得接近的粘度,这样方便助悬剂的配制和生产。助悬剂使用不同地区的水配制得到的悬浮液的粘度不同很大程度上是因为各地水的硬度不同。有些助悬剂对于水的硬度较敏感,例如,聚丙烯酸钠在硬水中会生成沉淀物而使粘度丧失,聚丙烯酰胺在高硬度水情况下粘度也会明显降低。虽然如中国专利申请CN2021115912255(发明名称“一种助悬剂及其制备方法和用途”)通过添加多聚磷酸钠消除或减弱硬度对助悬剂的影响,但是,若使用对水硬度不敏感的助悬剂配制悬浮液,则可以很容易实现同样的助悬剂加入量利用不同硬度的水配制得到粘度接近的悬浮液,因此,此类助悬剂使用更加方便。
黄原胶对水的硬度不太敏感、性质较稳定,是较理想的助悬剂,但是常用的黄原胶粉末在加入水中时很容易形成结构为外部水合黄原胶包裹内部未水合黄原胶的胶团,类似“鱼眼”,且一旦出现类似“鱼眼”的胶团,进一步水合就非常困难,人工搅拌很难将这样的胶团消除,造成黄原胶粉末使用很不方便。高速搅拌分散可以使得黄原胶团速水合,消除类似“鱼眼”的胶团,但是养殖现场一般不配备这种高速分散设备,通常通过人工搅拌配制悬浮液,因此,黄原胶或类似助悬增稠剂会形成类似“鱼眼”的胶团的助悬剂,在常规养殖场配制悬浮液时,使用很不方便;特别是快速加入水中时这种弊端会更加明显。因此,如果将包含黄原胶类的助悬剂组合物一次性投入水中,且能实现快速水合,那么对于利用黄原胶类的助悬剂配制助悬液将具有重大的意义。特别是人工配制悬浮液时,快速地完成水合对于使用方便,减轻人工劳动强度都具有重要意义。另外,对于水合程度能有直观的视觉判断,对于现场人工配制也是非常重要的现实意义。
因此,在常规的人工搅拌配制悬浮液的情况下,如果将助悬剂配制成既能快速加入方便配制悬浮液,又能够根据类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失来判断水合是否完成,将具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术中,助悬剂的使用不方便,本发明一方面的目的是提供一种助悬剂颗粒,该助悬剂颗粒可很方便地配制悬浮液,具有判断助悬剂是否完全水合的标志。
一种助悬剂颗粒,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径0.2~2mm,所述助悬剂颗粒包括助悬剂和辅料,其中所述助悬剂的重量百分比为1~50%,所述辅料的重量百分比为50~99%,所述助悬剂颗粒具有指示加入水中的助悬剂颗粒是否完全水合的可视化特征,所述可视化特征为当将所述助悬剂颗粒加入水中后,助悬剂颗粒逐渐溶胀形成结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团,当胶团消失时,水的粘度不再变化,助悬剂颗粒完全水合。
在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.3mm~2mm。在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.5mm~1mm在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.5mm~0.8mm。
在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒中所述助悬剂的重量百分比为1~40%,更优选3~30%,例如5~25%,5~15%。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.3mm~2mm,更优选0.5mm~1mm。
在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述辅料的溶解度为大于10g,进一步为10g~100g,且其软化点或熔点或凝固点为40℃~80℃,
在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述辅料的软化点或熔点或凝固点为45~70℃。
在本发明的一些更优选具体实施例中,所述辅料的软化点或熔点或凝固点为50~68℃。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂选自黄原胶、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵、卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、田菁胶、葫芦巴胶、木瓜籽胶、车前草籽胶、沙蒿子胶、阿拉伯胶、印度树胶、葡聚糖、威兰胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、聚氧化乙烯,或其组合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述辅料选自平均分子量为1500~25000的含有乙二醇和/或乙二醇结构聚合物。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述含有乙二醇和/或乙二醇结构聚合物选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇共聚物或其组合。例如,聚乙二醇2000、聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000、聚乙二醇8000、乙二醇和丙二醇的嵌段共聚物。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒还包括染料,其中所述染料的重量含量为0.1~1%。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述染料选自亮蓝、靛蓝、柠檬黄、胭脂红、苋菜红,或其组合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒还包括第二辅料。在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述第二辅料选自甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、乙醇,或其组合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒中第二辅料的重量含量占颗粒重量的0.1~20%,进一步为0.5~10%,更进一步为1~5%。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒还包括水质软化剂。在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述水质软化剂选自亚胺磺酸盐、含氨基的羧酸及其衍生物、含羟基的羧酸及其衍生物、多聚磷酸盐,或其组合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述含氨基的羧酸及其衍生物选自乙二胺四乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、次氨基三乙酸钠,或其组合。在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述含羟基的羧酸及其衍生物选自葡萄糖酸钠、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钠、羧甲基琥珀酸钠,或其组合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述助悬剂颗粒中水质软化剂的重量含量占颗粒重量的0.1~10%,更进一步为1~5%。
本发明另一方面提供了上述助悬剂颗粒的制备方法,所述制备方法包括步骤:将悬剂颗粒的原料在高于所述辅料的熔融温度5~30℃的温度下搅拌混合,更优选是10~25℃,然后制粒获得所述助悬剂颗粒。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,当所述助悬剂颗粒中包含染料和/或第二辅料和/或水质软化剂时,所述染料和/或所述第二辅料和/或水质软化剂与所述助悬剂以及所述辅料一起混合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述制粒方式为离心制粒、喷雾制粒或挤压制粒。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,制粒过程为通过冷却方式将离心、喷雾获得的液滴凝固成球形和/或类球形颗粒,冷却温度优选是比辅料熔融温度、软化点或凝固点低10~30℃的温度。
本发明另一方面提供了上述助悬剂颗粒在制备球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂的悬浮液中的用途。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述球虫疫苗优选自球虫卵囊疫苗。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述球虫卵囊疫苗选自鸡球虫卵囊疫苗、兔球虫卵囊疫苗、鸽球虫卵囊疫苗、鸭球虫卵囊疫苗、鹅球虫卵囊疫苗、猪球虫卵囊疫苗、牛球虫卵囊疫苗、羊球虫卵囊疫苗、犬球虫卵囊疫苗、猫球虫卵囊疫苗。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,利用所述助悬剂颗粒制备用于悬浮球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂的悬浮液的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将上述助悬剂颗粒按照剂量一次性加入到水中,人工搅拌(例如搅拌1~5分钟,静置5~30分钟),当观察到结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团消失时,即获得所需粘度的悬浮液;若胶团未消失,重复搅拌直到观察胶团消失。
(2)将所述球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂加入到水中,
所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)没有先后顺序,可以互换顺序或同时进行。
也就是说,所述球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂可以在所述助悬剂颗粒加入水中之前加入水中,也可以在助悬剂颗粒加入水中的同时加入水中,或在所述助悬剂颗粒加入水中之后加入水中。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,先进行步骤(1)再进行步骤(2),也就是说,所述球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂在所述助悬剂颗粒加入水中之后,尤其是助悬剂完全水合后(即,获得所需粘度的悬浮液之后),加入水中。
利用所述助悬剂颗粒制备的球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂的悬浮液可在养殖自动化饮水线中使用。例如,包含球虫卵囊的悬浮液可通过养殖自动化饮水线使饲养的动物通过饮水获得免疫,所述禽畜可选自鸡、兔、猪、牛、羊。
本发明另一方面提供了一种使助悬剂快速水合的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将助悬剂成分制备成为颗粒,获得助悬剂颗粒,
(2)提供具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的平均粒径的比为0.3~1:1。
(3)将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得述助悬剂颗粒快速水合,
所述助悬剂成分选自下列物质中的一种或多种:
黄原胶、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵、卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、田菁胶、葫芦巴胶、木瓜籽胶、车前草籽胶、沙蒿子胶、阿拉伯胶、印度树胶、葡聚糖、威兰胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、聚氧化乙烯,或其组合。
在本发明的一些优选具体实施例中,所述搅拌装置的筛网结构为凸起的网面,且具有一定的强度,搅拌时维持筛网结构的凸起方向不会发生翻转。
本发明另一方面提供了一种成套的助悬剂产品,其包括:
由包含助悬剂成分的原料制备的助悬剂颗粒,和
具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的平均粒径的比为0.3~1:1,
使用时将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得所述助悬剂颗粒快速水合。
本发明另一方面提供了一种成套的含球虫卵囊疫苗的助悬剂产品,其包括:
由包含短流变性的助悬剂成分的原料制备的助悬剂颗粒,
具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的直径的比为0.3~1:1,和
球虫卵囊疫苗,
使用时将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得所述助悬剂颗粒快速水合,获得助悬液,然后将所述球虫卵囊疫苗加入所述助悬液中,再利用所述搅拌装置搅拌,获得球虫卵囊疫苗分散均匀的悬浮液。
较佳地,所述球虫卵囊疫苗选自鸡球虫卵囊疫苗、兔球虫卵囊疫苗、鸽球虫卵囊疫苗、鸭球虫卵囊疫苗、鹅球虫卵囊疫苗、猪球虫卵囊疫苗、牛球虫卵囊疫苗、羊球虫卵囊疫苗、犬球虫卵囊疫苗、猫球虫卵囊疫苗。
球虫卵囊疫苗分散均匀的悬浮液通过饮水方式或通过养殖自动化饮水线供动物饮用,获得免疫,较佳地,所述动物选自鸡、兔、鸽、鸭、鹅、猪、牛、羊、犬、猫。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒在使用时可直接快速加入水中使用,不需小心慢速倾倒操作,解决了粉末状助悬剂或其组合物加入水中形成的很难手动搅拌消除“鱼眼”。本发明的助悬剂颗粒中“助悬剂”是被分散物,而“辅料”是分散介质,每一颗助悬剂颗粒都是相互独立的,这样在加入到水中时首先可以快速的加入而不用担心互相间黏连;这种加入可以是将颗粒快速地加入水中之后马上搅拌,或这两者同时进行。在上述搅拌过程,单颗的助悬剂颗粒可以很快得到分散,而不会产生黏连,也不会出现粉状助悬剂加入水中出现的较大的“鱼眼”现象。本发明的颗粒在加入水中时,接触水后会出现颗粒外部水合,而内部没有水合的类似“鱼眼”的胶团;而且每颗助悬剂都已经有固定的形状和一定粒径,这就限定了类似“鱼眼”的胶团的形状和大小,这样类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失时间也会相对一致。另外用于助悬剂颗粒的辅料(例如,聚乙二醇)的密度不是很大,将助悬剂颗粒加入水中后产生的悬浮性本身就可以托住部分水合的类似“鱼眼”的胶团,使得胶团在多数时间“悬浮”在(水)中,减少了颗粒之间因粘结产生大的“鱼眼”的现象。这样随着水合的进行,类似“鱼眼”的胶团会在较短的时间内相继消失,当胶团消失时,水的粘度搅拌不再变化,助悬剂成分水合完全,因此,胶团消失可作为助悬剂水合完成的可视化特征。另外,本发明的助悬剂颗粒在加入水的瞬间,因其表面相对较光滑,不会出现像黄原胶粉那样,表面粘附有空气而漂浮在水面,这种颗粒在轻微的搅拌下可悬浮在水中,并逐渐消失。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒在加入水中以后,助悬剂颗粒逐渐溶胀水合形成结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团,胶团的外部水合助悬剂为透明或半透明状态,与内部未水合助悬剂的不透明状形成明显区别,很容易被人眼看到,类似上面提到的“鱼眼”。这种类似“鱼眼”的胶团的大小是以助悬剂颗粒本身的大小为限,将助悬剂颗粒加入水中搅拌一段时间后,例如5~30分钟内,胶团就会消失,当所述胶团消失时,测定悬浮液的粘度基本不再变化,说明助悬剂颗粒已经充分水合,获得所需要的粘度。因此,可以将类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失作为可视化特征,判断助悬液配制过程是否完成的标志,方便现场操作。
一般的粉状助悬剂(或助悬剂粉体)快速加入水中时,由于水合速度过快,成团的助悬剂的粉体的最外层快速水合,产生粘稠胶质壳,阻碍内部助悬剂粉体进一步接触水,这种结构类似“鱼眼”,这种“鱼眼”一旦形成,只有外层粘稠胶质壳被水稀释并逐步脱离“鱼眼”才能使得内部的未水合助悬剂粉体有机会与水接触产生水合,而若快速加入,搅拌又不足够快时,形成的胶团就会很大,也就是“鱼眼”就会很大,有时甚至是厘米级别的,这种情况下,完全水合的过程就非常慢,需要剧烈的搅拌才能实现,因此,这是助悬剂使用过程中的一种“弊端”。本发明的助悬剂颗粒形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团可作为助悬剂是否水合完全的可视化特征,其与粉状助悬剂快速加入水中时形成的“鱼眼”有类似之处,该类似之处是两者均是外部水合助悬剂形成透明或半透明的胶体状态,包裹的内部未水合助悬剂,不同状态的助悬剂有明显的区别,内部未水合助悬剂是“鱼眼”的“芯”。两者的不同之处在于,一般的粉状助悬剂快速加入到水中没有快速搅拌的情况下,形成的“鱼眼”的大小一般是不均匀的,且其形貌也是不规则的(参见图2和图3),且消除这种“鱼眼”非常困难。而本发明的助悬剂颗粒,通过将辅料熔融变为液态后再将助悬剂分散和/或溶解在其中,再通过离心冷却等方法获得颗粒,例如,球形或类球形颗粒,也就是说,这种类似“鱼眼”的胶团本身大小是由助悬剂颗粒本身的形状限定。对于分散在水中的单个助悬剂颗粒来说,因为本身有原始的形貌,在加入水中后助悬剂颗粒外层的助悬剂首先与水接触,发生水合,因为助悬剂被辅料分散均匀,在水合时,因为辅料的分割效应,是逐渐水合的。在最开始时,助悬剂颗粒表现为最开始的颗粒形状,随着外层的助悬剂水合(助悬剂水合后逐渐溶入水中)以及外层的辅料溶解,胶团逐渐变小。而且外层的水合助悬剂也因为被辅料的分割,并不会形成完整的胶质壳或者胶壳较薄,从而不能阻碍内部的助悬剂进行水合。这样,当外层助悬剂水合后,内部的助悬剂依次进行水合(具体见图7a至图7f),随着一部分水合的助悬剂进入水中,水的粘度增加,该粘度足以悬浮助悬剂颗粒本身,随着助悬剂颗粒的水合,水体系的粘度进一步增加,助悬剂颗粒水合的速度会有一定程度的减慢,但是此时助悬剂颗粒形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团也变得较小,也更容易水合,直到消失。因此在整个助悬剂颗粒水合过程并不需要十分剧烈的搅拌,仅仅慢速的搅拌就可以使得助悬剂颗粒很快充分水合,特别适合于现场没有搅拌分散设备的现场配制助悬剂。另外,因为助悬剂颗粒的粒径限定在一定的范围内,这样的颗粒可以在大致接近的时间内均完成水合,而且形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团大小比较均匀(参见图5a和5b)。在实际操作时,观察到类似“鱼眼”的胶团消失时,就可以认为助悬剂水合已经基本完全,因此类似“鱼眼”的胶团的大小和消失可作为助悬剂水合的程度和水合完全的标志。在实际操作过程一般在类似“鱼眼”的胶团消失以后,再继续搅拌一段时间以保证助悬剂水合完全,例如,再继续搅拌几分钟或者十几分钟的时间。在实际的操作过程中可以在观察不到类似“鱼眼”的胶团后,加入需要悬浮的物料,再继续搅拌以分散物料,同时提高助悬剂的水合。或者可以在认为观察不到上述类似“鱼眼”的胶团后,加入待悬浮的物料,通过后续的搅拌分散过程进一步获得稳定的悬浮液。
虽然与将单独的粉末状助悬剂直接加入水中相比,将粉末状助悬剂与粉末状葡萄糖等辅料搅拌混合后,再加入水中可减少“鱼眼”现象,但是“鱼眼”同样是不可避免的。例如,简单地将助悬剂和辅料混合得到的混合物加入到水中时,成团的助悬剂的外部成分快速水合使得本来被辅料(如葡萄糖)分开的助悬剂在水合又聚集在一起,包裹其中的没有水合的助悬剂,形成了所谓的“鱼眼”。因此,这种形式的助悬剂在加入水中时一般要慢速度加入,并且要保持较快的搅拌速度,才能减小这种“鱼眼”的出现的概率以及“鱼眼”的大小,“鱼眼”受实际使用时的操作影响较大。若一次性将大量此类助悬剂混合物加入水中,就会形成较大的“鱼眼”,最外层助悬剂水合,里面的助悬剂不能水合,助悬剂完全水合需要的时间非常长。若此类助悬剂混合物慢速加入水中,则与水接触的助悬剂粉体的量较小,所形成的“鱼眼”就较小;而若是在加入时搅拌较充分,则“鱼眼”可以进一步的分散成更小的“鱼眼”。因此,这种简单混合物制备的助悬剂组合物在实际操作时很容易造成不同人和不同操作带来的不确定性。而本发明的助悬剂颗粒的助悬剂和辅料在制备过程中经过混合、分散,助悬剂在辅料中的分散是相对均匀的,而且这种分散在颗粒的冷却过程被固定,这种情况下,辅料对助悬剂的分散作用与简单地将助悬剂和辅料(如葡萄糖)混合是不同的,因为助悬剂颗粒已经制备成形状固定的颗粒,在加入到水中时,因为颗粒之间的物理分割,可以被快速地加入到水中,在此过程只需要人工搅拌;也可以在将助悬剂颗粒加入水中时不搅拌,加入水中后马上搅拌,这种情况下,不会造成颗粒之间的粘结。助悬剂以颗粒形式形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团的大小受人为操作影响小,操作更方便。
而进一步使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置进行水合,且当筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒匹配时,不仅可以进一步加速水合过程,而且水合过程伴随的“鱼眼”的消失过程也可更加直观观察到,更适合现场配制,特别是现场人工配制过程。
图1显示的是本发明的黄原胶颗粒一次性加入水中时的状况。颗粒快速沉入水中,此时稍加搅拌即可,并不会出现很难消除的类似“鱼眼”的大块胶团。
图2显示的是粉状黄原胶和葡萄糖辅料混合形成的组合物在人工搅拌下形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团,大小不均匀。
图3显示的是粉状黄原胶和葡萄糖辅料混合形成的组合物在人工搅拌下形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团,大小不均匀。
图4a和图4b显示的是利用显微镜观察到的本发明的助悬剂颗粒的形貌,是球形或类球形颗粒。
图5a和图5b显示的是本发明的助悬剂颗粒在水合过程中形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团,大小均匀。
图6显示的是本发明的助悬剂颗粒在水合完成后的状态,观察不到类似“鱼眼”的胶团。
[根据细则26改正 05.12.2023]
图7a、图7b、图7c、图7d、图7e、图7f依次显示了助悬剂颗粒的水合过程(显微镜下观察)。
图7a、图7b、图7c、图7d、图7e、图7f依次显示了助悬剂颗粒的水合过程(显微镜下观察)。
图8a、图8b、图8c和图8d分别是本发明的一个具体实施例的带有筛网结构的搅拌装置的主视图、第一侧视图、后视图和第二侧视图。
图9中从左到右分别是筛网的凹面与搅拌方向一致的状态A,筛网的凹面与水流方向相反的状态B,筛网的凸面与搅拌的方向相反的状态C。
图10显示了筛网结构的边缘所在的面与筛网的凸面的夹角E。
图11a和图11b分别显示了在配制助悬液的过程中,利用带有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌初期,观察到的助悬剂的情况(未水合助悬剂颗粒较多)和搅拌约5分钟后,观察到的助悬剂完全水合后的情况(助悬剂颗粒基本完全消失)。
图12显示了利用带有筛网结构的搅拌装置配制助悬液过程中,所用容器的壁上粘附的助悬剂颗粒很容易被凸起的网面刮离,进入水中。
图13显示了利用常规的玻璃棒搅拌15分钟后,悬浮液的状态,可以看到,悬浮液中还有大量未水合的助悬剂颗粒。
本申请发明人在进行助悬剂研究中,发现为了消除将纯的助悬剂粉末或包含粉状辅料的助悬剂粉末的组合物一次大量加入水中形成的“鱼眼”现象,降低黄原胶等助悬剂的水合速度反而可以提其水合速度。本申请发明人还发现将黄原胶等助悬剂均匀分散于聚乙二醇4000等辅料中制得的均匀的球形颗粒,在配制悬浮液时可以直接一次性快速加入水中,因为助悬剂被聚乙二醇4000等辅料分隔开(即,颗粒内聚乙二醇对黄原胶等助悬剂的分散作用以及颗粒之间的物理分割作用),助悬剂颗粒加入水中后稍加搅拌就可以非常有效地避免颗粒间的粘结,而且单个助悬剂颗粒在逐步水合的过程中产生的悬浮性可以悬浮助悬剂颗粒本身。并且单个助悬剂颗粒在水合过程中因为相对较慢的水合速度而会出现颗粒外部的助悬剂已水合而内部的助悬剂还没有水合的状态,外部水合助悬剂是透明状或半透明状的,与内部未水合助悬剂的不透明状态形成明显的区分,使得这种颗粒在水中水合的状态的胶团看起来像“鱼眼”,类似助悬剂粉体直接加入水中时出现的“鱼眼”状态,但是对于本发明的助悬剂颗粒来说,由于辅料对助悬剂的分隔效果,并不会出现外部助悬剂水合形成的粘性较大的胶质壳,长时间阻碍内部助悬剂不能水合的弊端。也就是说,这种颗粒状的助悬剂加入水中时,虽然也会形成结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团,类似“鱼眼”,但是其内部未水合助悬剂中混有辅料,会很快也很容易水合,在5~30min内会完全水合(除在加入时需要搅拌几分钟,在颗粒水合过程中无需一直人工搅拌,虽然搅拌还是能加速这种水合的过程,但并非必须的),胶团消失,此时测得悬浮液的粘度搅拌基本不再变化,说明助悬剂颗粒水合完成。因此这种胶团消失可作为水合完全的标志。所以,本发明的助悬剂颗粒在使用时变得非常方便,非常适合现场没有高速搅拌和/或高速剪切仪器或粘度测试仪器的场合,适合多数的养殖场的助悬剂的配制。
在使用时发明人发现当助悬剂成分在颗粒中的比例逐渐提高,如超过25%,特别是超过50%以上时,辅料对助悬剂的分割效果逐渐变差,使用常规搅拌棒(如木棍等)搅拌促进助悬剂成分进行水合,需要较长时间(例如,达到30分钟或更长的时间)才能使助悬剂成分完全水合,助悬剂颗粒的方便使用的优势不能得到体现。为了使得含助悬剂成分含量比较高的助悬剂颗粒能够更快、更加方便得配制悬浮液,发明人进行了大量且深入的研究,发现改变搅拌装置的剪切方式能够改善该助悬剂颗粒的水合过程,加快水合,并且出人意料地发现使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置(例如,漏勺)搅拌形成的剪切方式可大大加快这种助悬剂颗粒的水合过程,方便在无机械搅拌设备的场合,通过人工手动搅拌,快速配制悬浮液,并且筛网结构的孔径稍小于助悬剂颗粒的粒径时,搅拌加快助悬剂颗粒的水合过程的效果更加明显。因此,发明人发现将含较高助悬剂成分含量的助悬剂颗粒制备成为具有特定粒径的颗粒,将该助悬剂颗粒加入水中后,通过具有特定孔径的筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌,可快速获得水合完全的助悬液,并且在此过程中,助悬剂颗粒是否能够通过筛网可作为助悬剂水合程度和/或水合完全的可视化标志。这种配制悬浮液的方法特别适合于现场没有机械搅拌装置,需要人工手动搅拌配制悬浮液的场合。在此基础上经过系列的实验,完成了本发明。
本发明的描述中,“颗粒”是指球形或类球形形状。
本发明的描述中,“悬浮液”指水性悬浮液。
本发明的描述中,“多种”指两种或两种以上。
本发明的描述中“人工搅拌”或“人工慢速搅拌”或“手动搅拌”指5~100转/分钟搅拌,更进一步指30-60转/分的搅拌,一般可使用搅拌棒搅拌实现。
本发明的描述中,“室温”或“常温”是一样的,均是指4~40℃。
本发明的描述中,高分子聚合物的分子量除非另有说明,是指平均分子量。
可用于本发明的助悬剂包括但不局限于黄原胶、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵、卡拉胶、他拉胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、田菁胶、木瓜籽胶、车前草籽胶、沙蒿子胶、阿拉伯胶、印度树胶、葡聚糖、威兰胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉和聚氧化乙烯。
本文中提到的聚氧化乙烯和聚乙二醇的区别主要是分子量,以25000为界,超过该分子量的称之为聚氧化乙烯,做增稠剂使用;低于的该分子量为聚乙二醇,在此做辅料使用,不作为产生粘度的主要成分。
可用于本发明的助悬剂优选耐高速剪切的助悬剂,这是因为获得助悬剂在辅料中的分散一般需要在辅料熔融状态下将助悬剂通过高速剪切使其均匀地分散在熔融的辅料中,因此若助悬剂本身不耐高速剪切,在高速剪切的制备过程中其结构被破坏,造成助悬剂的悬浮性能丧失,不能实现本申请的目的。虽然通过长时间的慢速搅拌也可获得助悬剂在辅料中的均匀分散,但是这会延长制备时间。对于能溶解在熔融辅料中的助悬剂使用搅拌使其分散也是可以的。
为了使助悬剂方便实际禽畜养殖行业的使用现状,优选所述助悬剂为在室温下即可水合的助悬剂。需要通过高温才能获得粘度的助悬剂,在实际应用中使用不方便,因此,不适用于禽畜养殖行业的实际场景,而且很多需要悬浮的球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂并不耐高温,需要加热制备悬浮液的情况下,制备好的悬浮液需要冷却后再使用,同样对使用造成不便,也会延长现场操作时间。
配制助悬剂溶液一般需要使用水,最简单的是使用自来水,或者直接使用地下水(如井水、泉水等)。但是,不同地区的水质差别很大,例如山区水的硬度较大,即使自来水的硬度也会有较大差别,更不用说未经特殊处理的地下水。一些助悬剂,如聚丙烯酸钠在纯水中具有较高粘度和悬浮性,但是会受到水中钙、镁离子等的影响而造成粘度的下降甚至丧失,这造成统一产品在不同地区使用性能的差异,给实际使用带来不变。因此,本发明中的助悬剂优选对水的硬度不明感的助悬剂,例如,黄原胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、田菁胶、葫芦巴胶、木瓜籽胶、车前草籽胶、沙蒿子胶、阿拉伯胶、印度树胶、葡聚糖、威兰胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、聚氧化乙烯。
本发明中,助悬剂更优选黄原胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵;最优选黄原胶。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒中助悬剂均匀分散于辅料中。辅料优选水溶性好,且低温可熔融辅料,这样可以将助悬剂颗粒分散于水中时,辅料很快溶于水中,不影响助悬剂的水合,并很容易制得助悬剂颗粒,以实现本发明的目的。本发明的助悬剂颗粒的辅料,根据使用和制备等多方面的考虑,从制备的角度需要辅料在相对较低的温度下能够变为液体状态,可以与助悬剂均匀、充分地混合;而在实际的储存运输过程中,需要其具有较高的软化温度,使得即使在相对较高的温度下仍不会软化,可以维持较好的使用状态。
用于本发明的辅料优选在悬浮液中不产生明显粘度,产生粘度及悬浮功能的主要成分是“助悬剂”。也就是说,悬浮液的粘度主要是由于助悬剂所贡献。例如,悬浮液的90%以上粘度是由助悬剂所贡献。例如,本发明所用的助悬剂和辅料在同样质量条件下,前者产生的粘度是后者的至少三倍以上。
为了使用方便以及低成本,助悬剂在上述助悬剂颗粒中的重量含量为1~50%,进一步优选为1~40%;更进一步优选为3~30%以内,例如3~25%,5~15%。
作为优选,用于本发明的辅料的软化点和/或熔点和/或凝固点在40℃以上的材料,例如40℃~80℃,进一步优选45℃以上。例如45℃~70℃、50~68℃。
作为优选,上述含有乙二醇和/或乙二醇结构的聚合物的数均分子量为1500~25000,进一步优选为2000~20000;再进一步优选3000~10000。
所述平均分子量是根据OH的测量值计算所获得的平均分子量,具体可参照兽药典聚乙二醇4000条目下【检查】项下“平均分子量”的条目进行。对于其它含有聚乙二醇和或聚丙二醇的聚合物可参照其进行。所述平均分子量一般在所示的分子量的正、负30%以内都被认为合格,进一步在正、负10%内都被认为合格。
用于本发明的辅料包括但不局限于聚乙二醇是分子量为1×103~2.5×104,进一步1.5×103~1×104,具有—(CH2CH2O)m—结构的物质;进一步优选,其分子量为1×103~3×104。
聚乙二醇可选自含有乙二醇和/或乙二醇结构的聚合物,例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇共聚物。或以上物质一端或两端由醚键封端的物质,进一步所述一端或两端用于封端的醚键为甲氧基、乙氧基丙氧基。
对于醚健封端的物质,则可由凝胶色谱法测量其平均分子量。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒加入到水中以后,助悬剂颗粒形成外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团,水合的助悬剂呈透明或半透明状态,造成水合部分和未水合部分区分明显,很容易被人眼看见,这种状态类似于助悬剂粉末加入水中时形成的“鱼眼”,但是助悬剂颗粒形成的胶团中内部未水合助悬剂的水合速度比助悬剂粉末加入水中时形成的“鱼眼”快,也更容易。当这种胶团消失时即可认为助悬剂颗粒水合已经完全,该特征可以作为水合完全的可视化特征。而且本申请发明人发现当助悬剂颗粒中包含染料时,类似“鱼眼”的胶团中的水合部分和未水合部分的颜色差异会更明显,更有利于观察。因此,本发明的助悬剂颗粒优选包含染料(优选是可食用的)作为进一步的指示剂。这种颜色随着助悬剂颗粒的水合溶解在悬浮液中,而没有水合的芯的则颜色更深,形成更明显的区别。另一方面,禽畜饮用该悬浮液以后,颜色可黏附在动物的口腔,亦可以作为后续动物是否摄入(如口服)疫苗的判断依据。本发明中,优选所述染料在助悬剂颗粒中的重量含量为0.1~1%。可用于本发明的染料包括但不局限于亮蓝、靛蓝、柠檬黄、胭脂黄、苋菜红。亮蓝的着色力比较强,优选亮蓝柠檬黄、胭脂黄的组合。
本发明所用的染料属于水溶性染料,在水中容易溶解。如果将颗粒状的或粉状的染料、辅料和助悬剂(如黄原胶等)简单地通过搅拌混合均匀形成组合物,在加入到水中时,因为染料的溶解速度较快,会最先溶解在水中,随后助悬剂和辅料溶解,这样并不能通过染料的溶解所获得的颜色的情况来判水合的程度。而本发明中,染料均匀地分散于整个助悬剂颗粒的中,当助悬剂颗粒加入到水中后,外部的助悬剂首先与水接触产生水合作用,外部的染料也发生溶解和扩散,这样水合部分的颜色与内部未水合的部分就会产生非常明显的颜色色差,水合部分浅而未水合部分(芯)深,使得类似“鱼眼”的胶团被看得更清楚,可以更清楚的看出颗粒的水合程度以及是否水合完全。虽然在没有添加染料时,颗粒的水合程度也可以根据助悬剂颗粒本身的透明性来进行判断,但是助悬剂颗粒中加入染料后,水合过程中形成的胶团被看得更清楚。本发明的助悬剂颗粒一般具有相对集中的粒径范围分布,其水合的时间大致在一定的范围内,这样通过观察颗粒水合过程中芯的颜色与料液整体的颜色的差异程度可以非常直观地判断颗粒的水合程度,而且因为助悬剂(如黄原胶)是助悬剂颗粒中水合速度最慢的部分,因此颜色指示基本可以用来指示其水合的程度,类似“鱼眼”的胶团消失时,测得水的粘度基本不再变化,说明水合完全,获得的料液达到预期的粘度特性。
虽然染料作为可溶解的颜色指示剂用于本发明,以单独的颜料形式加入水中也可以获得一定的指示效果,但是因为颜料本身是颗粒,其本身的颗粒特性可能会影响类似“鱼眼”的胶团的变化和消失的判断,因此不作为优选。
本发明中颜色作为指示剂,因此其用量较少,一般0.1~1%的用量足以获得所述的颜色指示的效果;进一步优选在0.1~0.5%。例如,亮蓝其染色性能非常强,很少量即可获得非常明显的颜色。
在不加入特殊染料时,黄原胶颗粒的本身的不透明的白色也可以作为可视化的特征作为水合判断的依据。
为了调整用于制备助悬剂颗粒的料液的流动性,助悬剂颗粒中还可以包括低软化点和/或熔点和/或凝固点的第二辅料。例如,软化点和/或熔点和/或凝固点低于室温,进一步为0℃以下,即在常温下为液体。助悬剂颗粒中第二辅料的重量含量占颗粒重量的0.1~20%,更进一步为0.5~10%,最优选1~5%。该组分的作用是用来调节在制备时料液的流动性,使得在较低的温度下可以获得较好的流动性,便于制粒。而且利用低凝固点的辅料制粒过程中,例如喷出制粒过程中,这种低凝固点的物质有一定的挥发过程,降低颗粒表面的温度,使得制备的颗粒可以更快的冷凝,使得采用离心、喷雾干燥制备颗粒时节省能源,使得冷却温度不需要设置的特别低的温度,还可以降低设备高度,或者在相同的高度下,提高产能。
可用于本发明的第二辅料包括但不局限于甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、乙醇。
为了方便实际的使用,并获得相对较短的水合时间,对颗粒的粒径进行限定是很有必要的。一般优选颗粒平均粒径小于2mm,例如2mm~0.2mm,进一步优选粒径在小于1mm,例如1mm~0.5mm,更进一步小于0.8mm,例如0.8mm~0.5mm。优选上述粒径范围是使用常规分样筛就可以筛分的粒径范围。对于球形颗粒粒径就是球的直径,对于非球形颗粒,则是其当量直径。对于上述粒径范围的颗粒,粒径分布优选是在比较窄的范围内,以获得相对均匀的水合速度。粒径分布更加集中是有益的,这样可以更容易观察可视化特征的出现。
为了获得受水质影小的助悬剂颗粒,在助悬剂颗粒中加入降低助悬剂对水质敏感性的成分(例如,水质软化剂)是有必要的,此处提到的水质主要是指钙、镁离子导致的水的硬度不同。水质软化剂降低助悬剂颗粒对水质敏感性的原理是其比助悬剂更优先络合钙、镁离子等离子,使得水质对助悬剂颗粒配制的悬浮液的粘度变化影响变小。可用于本发明水质软化剂包括但不限于亚胺磺酸盐、含氨基的羧酸及其衍生物(例如,乙二胺四乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、次氨基三乙酸钠等)、含羟基的羧酸及其衍生物(例如,葡萄糖酸钠、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钠、羧甲基琥珀酸钠等)、多聚磷酸盐。虽然对于多数助悬剂是有利的,但是对于黄原胶等对水质不敏感,不加入该物质可作为优选。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒的制备方法优选利用现有的制粒的方法,例如喷雾制粒、离心制粒等方法。制粒过程一般包括,首先将辅料融化后与助悬剂,和/或第二辅料和/或染料和/或水质软化剂混合均匀,这一般需要通过较长时间搅拌或者高速搅拌过程,然后控制体系温度,使得料液维持液体状态,进行喷雾或离心获得液滴;再在冷却条件下使液滴冷却变为固体,最后经过筛分,即可获得所需粒径的助悬剂颗粒。在此过程中使用的搅拌、分散设备和喷雾制粒设备、离心制粒设备可选择现有设备,并可根据具体的试剂情况调整搅拌、分散的时间、温度、离心造粒的转速以及液滴冷凝的温度等参数。
制备本发明的助悬剂颗粒时,将优选所述悬剂颗粒的原料在高于所述辅料的熔融温度5~30℃的温度下搅拌混合,然后制粒获得所述助悬剂颗粒,为了使料液在离心、喷雾制粒过程中流动性较好,优选在离心、喷雾制粒时料液的温度比所述辅料熔融温度高5-15℃。
作为优选,助悬剂颗粒在制粒过程通过冷却方式将离心、喷雾获得的液滴凝固成球形和/或类球形颗粒助悬剂;作为优选,冷却温度比辅料熔融温度或软化点或凝固点低10-30℃。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒可用于配制球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂的(水性)悬浮液。这里提到的球虫疫苗包括但不局限于球虫卵囊疫苗。
这里提到的球虫卵囊疫苗包括但不局限于鸡球虫卵囊疫苗、兔球虫卵囊疫苗、鸽球虫卵囊疫苗、鸭球虫卵囊疫苗、鹅球虫卵囊疫苗、猪球虫卵囊疫苗、牛球虫卵囊疫苗、羊球虫卵囊疫苗、犬球虫卵囊疫苗、猫球虫卵囊疫苗。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒的使用方法非常简单,可以满足一般的养殖场的操作。具体为,将指规定用量的助悬剂颗粒加入到水中,搅拌,当观察到类似“鱼眼”的胶团消失时即可认为助悬剂已经水合完全,悬浮液达到预期粘度,可以用于悬浮待悬浮的物质。需要说明的是,本发明的助悬剂颗粒根据其具体的助悬剂成分规定用量,因为对具体的助悬剂成分来说,1g该成分对水的粘度贡献基本是一定的。虽然辅料确实对于助悬剂的流变学特征稍有影响,但增稠和/或助悬效果仍主要是由助悬剂产生的。
虽然本发明的助悬剂颗粒优选慢速地加入水中,进行搅拌,但是本发明的助悬剂颗粒对于加入水中的速度要求很低,甚至可以一次性将助悬剂加入,进行搅拌。在一次性加入的水中的时,优选在加入过程中搅拌水,并且加入完成后持续搅拌1~2分钟,这样可以避免颗粒间水合后黏在一起,造成后续水合时间的延长。助悬剂颗粒加入完成后,无需一直搅拌。在水中加入助悬剂颗后,观察到颗粒开始水合,随后形成类似“鱼眼”的中间有芯的胶团,外层的助悬剂一旦水合就产生一定的粘度,因为助悬剂颗粒中辅料本身的密度一般并不是很大,水合产生的粘度以足够使部分水合的助悬剂颗粒悬浮在水中;因此并不需要持续的搅拌,也就是说,助悬剂颗粒加入水中以后刚开始对水进行搅拌,随后即可将其静置,无需一直搅拌,也可以时不时的进行搅拌,例如每5-10分钟搅拌一次,一次搅拌1-2分钟,搅拌1-2次可使助悬剂完全水合。对于完全水合的判断也非常方便,可以取少量料液,若能观察到中间有芯的类似“鱼眼”的胶团,说明助悬剂没有完全水合,若整体料液较均匀,基本观察不到中间有芯的胶团,说明助悬剂已基本水合完全,可以向其中添加球虫疫苗、药物或其他添加剂。为了保险起见,可以在观察不到有芯的胶团后再搅拌一次,才向其中加入需要悬浮的成分。
上述带芯的胶团实际上与助悬剂粉体快速加入水中时水合产生的“鱼眼”现象是类似的,只是助悬剂粉体快速加入水中形成的“鱼眼”很难短时间内消除,对配制悬浮液来说是不利的,因为这种助悬剂粉体快速水合阻碍了内部助悬剂粉体的水合,因此这种“鱼眼”一旦生成,将会非常难消失,除非用高速剪切的方式。而本发明使用易溶辅料制备的助悬剂颗粒将类似“鱼眼”的胶团控制在单个颗粒内,水合速度可控,在慢速搅拌甚至不搅拌的情况下就逐渐水合完全,外部水合助悬剂不会对内部未水合助悬剂产生阻碍,不会出现长时间不能消除“鱼眼”的现象,而且本发明的助悬剂颗粒的直径是可控的,这样不会在加入水中后产生不可控的大的“鱼眼”现象;另外本发明的助悬剂颗粒加入水中后产生的类似“鱼眼”的胶团可以作为一种非常有效的可视化的特征判断水合是否完全。这种助悬剂颗粒对于不具有粘度测试仪器以及不方便进行快速机械搅拌的养殖业现场特别适用,有助于养殖的发展,助力食品安全的构建。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒,优选使用对水的硬度不敏感的助悬剂(例如黄原胶),可用于不同硬度的水,可以获得差别不大的粘度、悬浮特征,有利于在不同地域、不同硬度水的情况下获得接近的悬浮效果;方便客户的使用,也方便工厂进行的助悬剂的生产,一个配方、一个使用方案即可基本满足,方便生产企业制备。对于易受水质影响的助悬剂颗粒,可在制备助悬剂颗粒的过程中加入可消除水质硬度的水质软化剂(如多聚磷酸钠、EDTA2Na、柠檬酸盐的等物质),或者在配制悬浮液的过程加入水质软化剂,例如在将助悬剂颗粒加入水中之前将水质软化剂加入水中,或水质软化剂和助悬剂颗粒一起加入水中。这种情况下同样可以利用助悬剂颗粒形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团作为可视化特征来判断水合是否完全,方便现场的操作。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒在手动搅拌或者慢速搅拌时可以利用其形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团的产生和消失作为助悬剂水合是否完全的标志,方便养殖现场配制悬浮液。本发明的助悬剂颗粒也可用于有高速剪切设备的场合中配制悬浮液(即,同样可以用于快速的配制助悬液),这时不需要使用“鱼眼”作为可视化特征。这种快速地配制助悬液对剪切不敏感的助悬剂不仅在制备还是在后续使用时都是有利的。
本发明的描述中,助悬剂颗粒中的助悬剂的作用是加入水中时,使体系的粘度增加和/或使具有悬浮效果,这样使得药物、球虫疫苗和其他添加剂(例如饲料)等颗粒物悬浮在水中。1L水中加入1~100g助悬剂颗粒,配制的水悬浮介质的粘度约为20mpa.s~1000mpas(旋转粘度计,6rpm下使用1#转子测量),可以满足常规的药物、球虫疫苗和其他添加剂(例如饲料)的悬浮要求。例如,3~50g本发明的助悬剂颗粒加入1L水中,配制的水悬浮介质的粘度为20~500mpas,对于常规的药物、球虫疫苗和其他添加剂来说,其密度一般为0.8~1.5g/cm3,20mpa.s~500mpa.s粘度的水介质可将其悬浮6~12h。对于一般药物来说,满足6-8小时的悬浮则可实现其实际生产中的使用要求。对于密度较大,颗粒较大的药物、球虫疫苗和其他添加剂可以通过减小其颗粒或适当的增大助悬剂的量、提高其粘度来获得足够的悬浮性。助悬剂颗粒的用量可以根据具体的需求经过实验获得,而在实际使用的场合则仅需按照所需剂量进行配制即可。
本发明使助悬剂快速水合的方法,包括步骤:(1)将所述短流变性的助悬剂制备成为颗粒,获得助悬剂颗粒,(2)提供具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的直径的比为0.3~1:1。(3)将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得述助悬剂颗粒快速水合。
本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置的网孔可以是多种形状的,例如圆形、正方形、长方形、椭圆形、菱形、三角形、梯形等等,优选正方形(因为筛网制备的工艺以及筛网的凸起形状,所谓正方形并不要求各边长长度严格一致、边角严格是90°,但要求在合理类似的范围内)。筛网结构的孔径,对于圆形网孔来说,是圆形孔径的直径,对于正方形网孔来说,是指正方形的长度(边长)。优选网孔具有相同的孔径(从生产工艺来说该相同孔径是指在一定范围内波动的)。筛网结构的网孔具有两个功能:(一)使助悬剂颗粒较快的水合。二)便于观察助悬剂的水合程度指示。
助悬剂颗粒在水合过程会形成滑腻质感的“鱼眼”,外部水合部分包裹内部未水合部分的“芯”,造成助悬剂颗粒水合速度变慢。圆柱形搅拌棒具有接近流线型的结构,在接近未完全水合的助悬剂颗粒时,不能有效对助悬剂水合部分施加足够的剪切以促使水合部分与未水合部分的分离。本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置的筛网结构优选由丝或线编织而成,如常见的筛网结构。在本发明的网孔范围内,编织筛网结构的丝或线的直径比网孔小很多,丝或线在运动时对助悬剂颗粒的水合部分和未水合部分施加较大的剪切,使得两者分离,未水合部分暴露出来,进一步的水合变得容易。作为优选,筛网结构具有凸起的网面,并具有一定的强度,这样在搅拌过程中不会悬浮液的阻力造成网面的凸起方向发生反转。这种强度可以由编织筛网结构的丝或线提供,也可以由外支撑架来实现。从操作方面和具体使用的功能的角度,优选这种强度由编织筛网结构的丝或线提供。
虽然具有平面网面的筛网结构也具有剪切效果,但是从使用便利性角度来说,特别是本申请的手工操作的方式,该形状的网面不能与配制悬浮液的容器壁很好地贴合,不能及时刮掉粘附于容器壁上的助悬剂颗粒;而具有凸面网面的凸起部分则可以与容器部有较好的贴合,方便处理筒壁上(特别是液面以上筒壁部分)粘附的部分助悬剂颗粒和/或粉。因此具有凸起的网面的筛网结构是优选的。
本发明的助悬剂颗粒与水接触后经历水合过程,因为筛网具有一定大小的孔径,可以将大于其孔径的颗粒(在水合过程,该颗粒是指部分水合的颗粒)截留,小于其孔径的颗粒不被截留。这样在水合过程,若本身没有充分水合的较大颗粒,在搅拌的过程中会被筛孔截留,操作人员可以直观地观察到未充分水合颗粒的比例,搅拌过程中,在筛网结构对部分水合的助悬剂颗粒的剪切作用下,未充分水合的助悬剂颗粒逐渐变小,被筛网结构截留的颗粒比例也逐渐减小,这样操作人员可以直观地观察到助悬剂颗粒水合程度的变化,用以判断水合程度。
筛网结构的孔径可以为(目数与毫米对照,不同文献记载稍有不同)12目(1.70mm)、14目(1.40mm)、16目(1.16mm)、18目(1.00mm)、20目(0.83mm)、30目(0.55mm)40目(0.38mm)、60目(0.25mm)、80目(0.18mm)等这种标准的筛孔大小,或其他的可定制的网孔大小(1.1mm、0.1mm等)。一般来说优选网孔大小为0.83-0.38mm比较合适,基本上对应于20-40目的筛网孔径。过大的孔径不能有效的拦截较小的颗粒,对部分水合的颗粒施加的剪切力不够,不足以有效实现提高水合速度的效果;另外,为了较快的水合,一般也不会将助悬剂颗粒制备成过大的颗粒。过小的筛网孔径是不利的且没有意义。对于过小的筛网孔径,当将助悬剂颗粒加入水中时,在开始的搅拌的过程中多数的网孔会被颗粒所遮挡,造成并不能形成有效的剪切,而且相邻的网孔上的颗粒水合部分的互相粘结,进一步减少了剪切的强度,因此是不利于水合过程速度的提高的。
作为优选,筛网结构的孔径为助悬剂颗粒的平均粒径的30-100%,进一步优选为30-80%,再进一步优选40-60%。这样在前期不会因孔径过大造成对多数颗粒不能施加剪切,又不会因为孔径太小造成截留过多颗粒,造成水合速度降低。助悬剂颗粒的平均粒径与筛网结构的孔径具有该优选的比例时,水合过程中,当助悬剂颗粒被截留的比例较大时,可知水合程度较低,需要进一步水合,当基本上没有助悬剂颗粒被截留时,可知助悬剂颗粒均小于所使用的筛网的孔径,在此之后一般再继续搅拌一段的时间,助悬剂就可完成水合。这样,操作人员并不需要将料液取出放置于透明容器中观察,对于现场使用更加方便,直观。
本发明的筛网结构的孔径具有相对一致的结构和孔径大小,本发明的助悬剂颗粒具有一定的粒径分布。对于具体的使用场景,颗粒的平均粒径可以是等效粒径;这可以是等效体积径或等效投影面积径,在现场使用时,进行仔细的计算和确定是没有意义的。更加简单的现场使用方法是使用所提供的搅拌装置的筛网对助悬剂颗粒进行简单地过筛处理,即将要待水合的助悬剂颗粒使用本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置的筛网进行过筛操作,一般约一半的颗粒能够通过筛网。这里大约一半的范围比较宽泛,大约可包含20-80%的范围区间。若助悬剂颗粒全部通过筛网,则说明颗粒相对于筛网过小。当颗粒本身很小时,使用本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置进行搅拌对改善其水合过程不明显(自然也是可以使用的)。当助悬剂颗粒本身较大时,全部助悬剂颗粒不能通过筛网,使用本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置进行搅拌时,筛网对颗粒的剪切作用较弱,对水合的促进作用不特别明显(即使这种情况下,还是比如圆柱状搅拌棒有明显优势)。当绝大部分助悬剂颗粒被筛网截留,且筛网结构的孔径本身又较小,则在水合时,特别是开始时较多的颗粒被筛网截留,容易在筛网结构上造成不同颗粒粘结,这自然对进一步的水合时不利的;若反之筛网结构的孔径较大,但颗粒也被截留,则说明助悬剂颗粒过大,一方面过大的颗粒在实际使用时是比较少见,一般不会出现颗粒过大的情况,另一方面过大的颗粒也会造成水合速度的限制(即使这种情况下,也会比使用如圆柱状搅拌棒有利)。如果粒径分布比较集中的助悬剂颗粒(这对于实际生产场景来说是非常少见的,也是没有特别实际意义的),例如,最极端情况下,助悬剂颗粒全部是统一的粒径,那么优选助悬剂颗粒粒径接近且稍大于筛网粒径是有利的。
虽然建议将助悬剂颗粒慢速地倒入搅拌的水中进行继续搅拌水合,这对于一般的助悬剂粉剂是特别重要的,但是对于本发明的助悬剂颗粒对于倒入水中的速度要求很低,完全可以一次性全部倒入水中,之后使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置进行搅拌,可很快实现助悬剂的完全水合,大大方便了使用。
在使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌时,可以在搅拌过程或者至少是搅拌的部分时间里,使得筛网的凹面(里面)与搅拌方向一致(状态A),这样,筛网就可以“兜住”料液,对部分水合的颗粒施加剪切力,加速水合过程。当要进行观察时,则可将筛网凹面(里面)与水流方向相反(流动的液体流入凹面,状态B),这样,未充分水合且较大的颗粒就被凹面“兜住”,便于观察是否水合程度;若还有较多被“兜住”的未完全水合的颗粒,则只需要在使用搅拌的方向与凸面方向相反情况下搅拌(状态C),原来被“兜住”的颗粒,就被水流冲离开筛网表面,进一步进行水合。之后则可以再反向转进行搅拌(状态A)即可。虽然凸面与搅拌方向一致(类似B,搅拌也是逆时针搅拌)也可以实现剪切,但是这种效率相对是对低一些,因为一些颗粒会从凸面切向方向脱离筛网面,减少了剪切的效率。
另外,优选所述的凸面具有一定的强度。一般凹面对应水流方向时可提供更大剪切(状态A),若较多未水合颗粒被截留时,需要反相搅拌将截留的颗粒脱离(状态C),若筛网不具有一定强度,则在上述操作凹面可能发生翻转,于操作不利。
优选筛网结构具有一定的弹性,在按压时可以使凸面一定程度自适应桶的内表面,将粘附于桶内表面的颗粒刮入水中,完成水合,实现圆柱状搅拌棒不能方便实现的功能。因此,为了实现这个功能,优选所述筛网结构具有凸起的面,具有一定强度和弹性,这可以通过选取特定的材料制备筛网结构来实现。
凸起的面也可由支撑结构所提供,支撑结构在凸起的面的外侧,这种支撑结构一般是硬质结构,弹性效果较差,不能用于将配制悬浮液的容器的内壁粘附的助悬剂颗粒刮入水中,继续进行水合,且会有部分颗粒卡在筛网和支撑结构之间,降低了整体的水合速度。若支撑结构在凸起的面的内侧,同样会存在上述问题。因此支撑结构优选是由弹性材料制成,即,本发明的筛网结构为具有自支撑结构的凸型筛网。
优选制备筛网的结构为金属材质,或者具有一定强度的有机材料组成。整体柔性筛网结构并不适用于本发明,因此并不作为优选。
编织筛网结构的丝或线可以为金属,或者塑料材料,优选具有较大的强度,足以防止搅拌过程中凹面可能发生翻转。丝或线的直径(丝径、线径)优选2mm以下,进一步优选1mm以下,进一步优选0.6mm以下,例如0.4-0.03mm,为保持一定强度优选0.4-0.1mm,0.4mm、0.3mm、0.25mm、0.2mm、0.15mm、0.1mm。优选常用目数筛网的丝径。常见的工业或民用的筛网的材料可适用于本发明。一般组成筛网的丝或线的直径小于或远小于所形成的孔的大小。
编织筛网结构的丝或线的直径与筛网结构的孔径相关,具有较小孔径的筛网结构,可使用较小直径的丝或线编织以获得足够的弹性和强度;具有较大孔径的筛网结构,可使用较大直径的丝或线编织。具体可以根据实际情况进行合理的选择。
筛网结构的边缘优选具有封边,封边可以为筛网提供额外的支撑作用。优选筛网结构的封边的最边缘处具有较小的曲率半径。也就是说,封边较薄,方便边缘部分与桶底边缘部分接触,因为这些地方助悬剂颗粒最容易堆积,不容易被搅拌装置接触而影响整体的水合,而具有较薄的边缘的搅拌装置则可以较容易与这些“死角”接触。
另外,筛网结构边缘所在的面与筛网边缘的面的角度优选E为5°-60°(见,图3),进一步优选10-45°。
本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置包括筛网结构和手柄,手柄没有特殊需求,方便手持操作即可。虽然本发明的具有筛网结构的搅拌装置实现的剪切方式也可以通过机械操作实现,但是机械操作一般可以通过更快的搅拌速度、或者延长搅拌时间等方式来实现,因此使用这种筛网形式在机械操作时的优势并不明显,主要用于人工手动操作的形式。
对于机械操作来说,具有筛网结构的搅拌装置优选具有对称的筛网结构作为搅拌叶片,筛网结构优选是平面的,筛网结构的平面优选与搅拌轴共面,且搅拌具有正反转动功能,或者筛网结构由对称的结构组成,其对称结构的对称中心与搅拌的轴心所在的线在理论上重合,且搅拌具有正反转动功能。
本发明优选人工手动操作,为了方便人工手动操作,以及筛网式搅拌的制备,优选筛网结构整体为圆形,其直径优选为5-50cm;更小直径的筛网结构所能提供的剪切有限,不能满足一般的现场配制悬浮液的需求。一般情况下,人工现场配制几升到几十升的悬浮液,最多一百到两百升的悬浮液,更大体积的助悬液(超过两百升,如三百升、五百升),可多次配制。长期需要配制大体积的悬浮液的场合,可配备如具有筛网结构的机械搅拌或普通搅拌装置。为了满足上述规模料液的人工手工配制,直径为5-50cm的筛网结构可以满足上述需求,相对较大的料液体积,使用具有相对较大直径的筛网结构的搅拌装置是有利,具体的可以根据实际的料液的情况进行适应性的选择。例如对于三十升的料液,筛网直径为10-25cm是较合适的选择,更加优选12-20cm。具体的选择还与配制料液所用的容器的直径和深度相关。优选配制料液所用的容器和、或料液的深度和直径比为5:1-1:5,更优选2:1-1:2。筛网结构的直径优选是其深度和/或直径的25-70%,更优选30-50%。这样更加方便的操作。
利用本发明的成套的助悬剂产品配制含药物的助悬液时,先使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置完成悬浮液的配制,然后再加入待悬浮的药品或物质,特别是对于活球虫疫苗等疫苗成分,这样可以减少搅拌对疫苗等药品或物质的影响,虽然先在水中加入待悬浮药物再加入助悬剂颗粒配制含药物的助悬液也能满足一般的需求,但是不是优选的方法。另外先配制助悬液再加入待悬浮物质还进一步增加了料液搅拌的时间,这也额外增加了对助悬液的搅拌时间,即使有很少量的未完全水合的颗粒也可在此过程进一步完成水合过程。作为优选。
本发明的有益效果包括:
1.将助悬剂成分制备成为特定粒径的助悬剂颗粒,可以根据待配制的悬浮液的性能要求,调整助悬剂颗粒中的助悬剂成分的含量和粒径大小;且减少了使用时的粉尘。
2.通过具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌,可促进助悬剂颗粒快速水合,得到目标粘度的助悬液。
3.搅拌过程中,可根据截留在搅拌装置的筛网结构上的助悬剂颗粒情况判断水合进行的程度。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。具体实施例是在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施的,给出了详细的实施方式和操作过程。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件进行。除非另有说明,比例和百分数按重量计。
粘度测试,使用旋转粘度计【NDJ-1型旋转式粘度计,上海越平科学仪器有限公司】进行各个转速下的粘度测试。
实施例1
助悬剂颗粒的组成如表1所示。
表1.助悬剂颗粒的组成
助悬剂颗粒的制备过程为:首先将聚乙二醇4000(凝固点实测为54~56℃)加热至80℃,成为透明液体,之后按照上述比例,加入黄原胶,在1000转/分钟的高速搅拌下分散10分钟,将其分散均匀获得乳白色料液,之后稍冷却至70℃,通过离心冷却获得黄原胶聚乙二醇颗粒,对其进行筛分,得到粒径为0.3~1mm的助悬剂颗粒,其显微镜照片参见图4(4倍物镜下)。
利用上述助悬剂颗粒配制悬浮液的方法为:将50g助悬剂颗粒加入到6L水中,助悬剂一次性加入,并在加入时人工搅拌,加完后继续搅拌2分钟,间隔10分钟后再搅拌2分钟,(A时间)观察类似“鱼眼”的胶团情况,若可观察到明显的类似“鱼眼”的胶团,则间隔10分钟再继续搅拌2分钟,(B时间)继续观察胶团情况,一般在20分钟左右即可观察到胶团消失;继续搅拌2分钟,获得助悬剂完全水合的悬浮液。搅拌之后测定水的粘度。结果见表2。在配制时形成的类似“鱼眼”的胶团如图5a和图5b所示,消失时如图6所示;其在显微镜下观察其水合过程如图7a至图7f所示。
表2.配制的水介质的粘度及悬浮特性
可见,在胶团消失后再搅拌,悬浮液的粘度稍有上升,但程度很小,因此在实际现场将类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失作为助悬剂水合完全的标志是可行的。
从图7a至图7f可以看出这种助悬剂颗粒遇到水时,助悬剂会一层一层地从颗粒主体剥离,颗粒与颗粒之间不会进一步黏连,剥离后进一步水合,这也是为什么助悬剂颗粒可以快速加入水中简单搅拌就不会产生进一步的黏连的原因,与粉状助悬剂加入水中会生成大块的“鱼眼”明显不同。
将鸡球虫疫苗加入悬浮液中,搅拌均匀后,测试粘度并进行卵囊计数,发现可以获得良好的悬浮性能。
卵囊计数的具体操作如下:参照上述助悬剂的配制方法和助悬剂的加入量,配制包含球虫卵囊的助悬液1.2L,其由943ml水+10g助悬剂颗粒+257mL卵囊液(鸡毒害制苗用卵囊,浓度70万/ml,由佛山市正典生物技术有限公司提供)组成。具体配制过程为:先将943mL水加入10g助悬剂颗粒,参照上述方法,慢速搅拌,至20分钟后已基本观察不到“鱼眼”,再搅拌5分钟,加入257mL卵囊液,慢速搅拌10分钟,搅拌均匀,用胶头滴管抽取烧杯1200ml刻度线位置(2000ml烧杯)以及烧杯底部卵囊液。从溶解0~0.5h、2h、4h、5.5h~6h分别取样。取样位点:每份悬浮液样品均取悬浮液最上层液面(标注上层)、2L烧杯的600mL刻度线位置(标注中层)、2L烧杯的200mL刻度线位置(标注下层);每一层液面各取4个点,每个取样点为1mL,混合作为此液面的样品。每份样品均装入20mL聚乙烯瓶,贴标签,加塞备检。镜检计数:从上述样品中分别取10μL置载玻片上,于显微镜10×10倍下镜检计卵囊数量,结果见表3。
表3卵囊计数结果(单位:万/ml)
从以上数据可以看出,对于上述配制的卵囊助悬液,在不同时刻,不同位置测试的卵囊数,在误差范围内,随着时间延长,并未出现下层卵囊明显比上层卵囊多的情况,可以认为是无明显差别的,即完全可以满足悬浮卵囊的至少6h的要求(一般含有卵囊疫苗的饮水要求在6h内喝完)。
实施例2
助悬剂颗粒的组成如表4所示。
表4.助悬剂颗粒的组成
助悬剂颗粒的制备过程为:首先将聚乙二醇6000加热至约80℃,成为透明液体,之后按照上述比例,加入黄原胶,在1000转/分钟的高速搅拌下分散10分钟,将其分散均匀获得乳白色料液,之后稍冷却至70℃,通过离心冷却获得黄原胶聚乙二醇颗粒,对其进行筛分,得到粒径为0.5~1mm的助悬剂颗粒。
配制悬浮液的方法为:将25g助悬剂颗粒加入到6L水中,一次性加入,并在加入时人工搅拌,加完后继续搅拌2分钟,间隔10分钟后再搅拌2分钟,观察类似“鱼眼”的胶团情况,继续间隔10分钟再继续搅拌2分钟,继续观察胶团情况,此时基本观察不到胶团,测试粘度,之后再搅拌至2h,测试粘度,结果见表5。
表5.配制的水介质的粘度及悬浮特性
可见,在胶团消失后再搅拌,悬浮液的粘度稍有上升,但程度很小,因此在实际现场将类似“鱼眼”的胶团消失作为水合完全的标志是可行的。
采用类似实施例1的方法使用其配制球虫卵囊助悬液,可以获得满意的悬浮效果,结果见表6。
表6卵囊计数结果(单位:万/ml)
从卵囊数量看,在误差范围内认为6h可获得满意的悬浮效果。
实施例3
50%的聚氧化乙烯(平均分子量5×106)作为助悬剂,50%聚乙二醇4000作为辅料。助悬剂的组成如表7所示。
表7助悬剂颗粒的组成
与黄原胶在聚乙二醇4000中不溶解不同,聚氧化乙烯与聚乙二醇4000的结构类似,区别主要是分子量的大小不同,聚氧化乙烯的平均分子量大于25000,主要是作为增稠剂使用,而聚乙二醇4000是作为辅料。聚氧化乙烯和聚乙二醇均可在70~80℃左右熔融变为液体,因此这两种物质的混合并不需要高速剪切,一般的搅拌即可获得均匀的混合物,而且这也避免了高分子量的聚氧化乙烯在高速剪切中结构被破坏。制备时可将两者混合后加热,或加热熔融后混合,或将数量多的一者加热熔融后,向其中加加入另一者,继续加热至熔融混合均匀。
助悬剂颗粒的具体制备过程为:首先将聚乙二醇4000加热至80℃,成为透明液体,之后按照上述比例加入聚氧化乙烯,继续加热熔融,在低速200-300转/分钟的下搅拌20分钟,获得基本透明的液体,之后稍冷却至74℃,通过离心、冷却,获得包含聚氧化乙烯的聚乙二醇颗粒,对其进行筛分,得到粒径为0.25~0.83mm(20目-40目)的白色颗粒。
将10g助悬剂颗粒加入到6L水中,搅拌20分钟至“鱼眼”消失,之后再搅拌至2h,发现搅拌20分钟后,6rpm下粘度为55,而继续搅拌至2h,粘度为54,粘度下降可能是因为测量误差造成的。从数据可以看出将类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失作为完全水合的标志是可靠的。
实施例4
助悬剂颗粒的组成如表8所示。
表8.助悬剂颗粒的组成
助悬剂颗粒的制备过程为:首先将Pluronic 10500加热至65℃,成为透明液体,之后按照上述比例加入羧甲基纤维素继续加热,在低速200-300转/分钟的下搅拌30分钟,获得不透明的液体,之后稍冷却至60℃,通过离心冷却获得包含羧甲基纤维素的Pluronic 10500颗粒,对其进行筛分,得到粒径为0.38~0.83mm(20-40目)的颗粒。
将9.0g助悬剂颗粒加入1000mL水中,通过测试粘度,同样得出可通过类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失来判断水合完成的程度。
实施例5
助悬剂颗粒的组成如表9所示。
表9.助悬剂颗粒的组成
助悬剂颗粒的制备过程为:首先将聚乙二醇4000加热至75℃,成为透明液体,之后按照上述比例加入黄原胶和瓜尔胶继续加热,在800转/分钟下搅拌25分钟,获得不透明的液体,稍冷却至70℃,然后将乙醇溶解的亮蓝加入后再搅拌10分钟,通过离心冷却获得包含黄原胶和瓜尔胶的助悬剂颗粒,对其进行筛分,得到粒径为0.38~0.83mm(20-40目)的颗粒。
将8.0g助悬剂颗粒加入1000mL水中,通过测试粘度(结果见表10),同样得出可通过类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失来判断水合完成的程度,而且因为蓝色染料加入,目视更容易观察。
表10配制的水介质的粘度及悬浮特性
实施例6
助悬剂颗粒的组成如表10所示。
表10.助悬剂颗粒的组成
助悬剂颗粒的制备过程为:首先将聚乙二醇4000加热至75℃,成为透明液体,之后按照上述比例加入黄原胶、海藻酸钠和EDTA二钠,在800转/分钟的下搅拌25分钟,获得不透明的液体,之后冷却至70℃,通过离心冷却获得包含黄原胶、海藻酸钠和EDTA二钠的颗粒,对其进行筛分,得到粒径为0.38~0.8mm(20-40目)的颗粒。
将8.0g助悬剂颗粒加入1000mL水中,测试粘度,同样得出可通过类似“鱼眼”的胶团的消失来判断水合完成的程度,而且因为蓝色染料的加入,目视更容易观察。
实施例7
助悬剂的组成如表11所示。
表11.助悬剂的组成
配制过程:首先将聚乙二醇4000加热至80℃成为液体,之后按照上述比例,加入黄原胶,在1000rpm下将其分散均匀获得乳状料液,颜色微黄,之后稍冷却至70℃,通过离心冷却获得黄原胶聚乙二醇微囊,对其进行筛分,得到粒径小于1.4mm的微囊助悬剂。
实施例8
将实施例7制备的25%的黄原胶助悬剂微囊100g一次性倒入到装有30L水的50L敞口桶中,使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置(筛网结构的直径为15cm,筛网孔径为0.85mm),手动快速搅拌,之后停止搅拌,使料液流过筛网,或者反方向搅拌,提高筛网结构对料液的剪切。反复以上操作。当将助悬剂颗粒倒入水中以后,进行搅拌,刚开始使用筛网结构捞取助悬剂颗粒可以观察到大量的助悬剂颗粒被筛网结构截留,搅拌大约1.5分钟,再次使用筛网结构捞取助悬剂颗粒,发现被筛网截留的颗粒明显减少;继续搅拌至3分钟,仅观察到非常少量的助悬剂颗粒被晒网截留,搅拌4分钟时,已经观察不到被截留的颗粒,之后取样放于烧杯中,发现还有少量的“鱼眼”,说明颗粒已经较小,继续搅拌1分钟,筛网结构对未完全水合的助悬剂颗粒继续剪切,加速其水合过程。再取样观察,已经观察不到未水合的“鱼眼”。取样进行粘度测试6rpm下为88mpa.s左右、60rpm下为31mpa.s左右,与充分水合的粘度已经非常接近,说明助悬剂颗粒的水合已经完成。
将所要悬浮的样品(如球虫疫苗)加入助悬液中,继续搅拌1-2分钟,即可完成悬浮药液的配制,可以将其应用到动物饮用的场景。如,可以通过饮水壶给动物分饮,或者将其倒入饮水线中通过饮水线供动物饮用。
上述整个过程的操作时间在10分钟以内完成,可以满足现场人工配制的时间和劳动强度的需求。
利用实施例7制备的黄原胶助悬剂微囊配制黄原胶悬浮液过程中,发明人还使用了具有其他目数的筛网结构的搅拌装置进行搅拌,观察微囊的水合情况。具体参见下表12。
对比实施例1
现场人工配制悬浮液,一般使用的是圆柱状的搅拌棒,如木棒或塑料棒,这些物品现场易得,但是不具备提供较大剪切的能力。
将实施例7制备的含25%的黄原胶的助悬剂微囊100g一次性的倒入装有30L水的50L敞口桶中,使用直径3cm左右的木棒搅拌,搅拌10分钟后,取样观察,还有较多未水合的“鱼眼”,之后再继续搅拌10分钟,观察,仍有未水合的“鱼眼”,再继续搅拌10分钟,取样观察,基本观察不到未水合的“鱼眼”,取样测试粘度6rpm下大约为90mpas,60rpm下大约为31mpas左右,说明助悬剂颗粒已充分水合;但是整个的时间大约需要约30分钟,远远大于实施例8使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置进行搅拌的水合时间,其原因是木棒不能提供足够的剪切。而且这么长的搅拌时间对于现场操作者来说,操作劳动强度大,过程不友好,并且助悬剂颗粒的水合的程度也不能通过搅拌棒直观观察。可见,使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌可以大大提高配制悬浮液的效率,节省劳动力。
表12.实施例8和对比实施例1所用搅拌装置,以及观察到的水合情况。
从表12可以看出,对于实施例7制备的小于1.4mm的助悬剂颗粒,使用具有不同目数的筛网结构的搅拌装置进行搅拌均可获得比圆柱搅拌棒更快的水合速度,说明具有筛网结构的搅拌装置的搅拌对水合过程有明显的促进作用,但是助悬剂颗粒与筛网孔径大小有一个较佳的对应比例。
需要说明的是具有凸起网面的筛网结构,其孔径比标准平面网面的孔径的均匀性和精度低,因此,其孔径可以理解为是标示值附近的值,具有一定范围的波动。
当筛网结构的孔径过大,如,10目的筛网,因为助悬剂颗粒远小于其孔径,即使水合后溶胀造成其直径增加,但是仍小于筛网结构的平均孔径,助悬剂颗粒基本都能从空中穿过,因此,配制悬浮液的整个过程中基本观察不到助悬剂颗粒被截留。这种相对较小的助悬剂颗粒通过筛孔时筛孔对颗粒的剪切作用相对较弱,因此,水合完全需要相对较长的时间(相对于较佳的筛孔孔径来说,但比柱状搅拌棒仍要快很多);而当筛网结构的孔径减小至12目时,虽然筛网结构的孔径仍比制备的助悬剂颗粒的粒径稍大,但是助悬剂颗粒遇水后,水合溶胀,造成颗粒表观直径变大,因此,开始时会有少量稍大粒径的水合颗粒被筛网结构截留,随着水合继续、剪切的进行,水合助悬剂颗粒变得小于筛网结构的孔径,因此,仅在配制助悬液的前期较短的时间能观察到助悬剂颗粒被筛网结构截留。当使用具有的筛网结构的直径为20目的搅拌装置进行搅拌时,筛网结构的孔径约为助悬剂颗粒直径(最大粒径,过筛网的孔径)的60%左右,因此开始有较多的助悬剂颗粒被截留,随着水合继续、剪切的进行,大部分水合的助悬剂颗粒变得其粒径小于筛网结构的孔径,在大约4分钟左右所有的助悬剂颗粒变是直径均小于筛网结构的孔径,此时,大多数的助悬剂颗粒已经经历比较充分的水合,后续再经过1分钟的搅拌,剩余少量没有完全水合但是粒径已较小的助悬剂颗粒完成充分水合,因此当观查不到筛网结构上面有助悬剂颗粒被截留时,后续只需再搅拌1分钟左右即可完成充分的水合。之后加入待悬浮的药物继续搅拌1-2分钟即可。
对于球虫卵囊疫苗来说,获得助悬剂颗粒充分水合后的助悬液之后,加入球虫卵囊疫苗搅拌1-2分钟,即可获得搅拌均匀的料液,测试粘度并进行卵囊计数,以检测悬浮液的悬浮性能。取样过程为,分别在含有球虫卵囊疫苗的悬浮液的上、中、下层液面的4个地方各取样1mL,混合后作为此液面的样品。每份样品装入20mL聚乙烯瓶,贴标签,加塞备检。镜检计数:从上述样品中分别取10μL置载玻片上,于显微镜10×10倍下镜检计卵囊数量。一般以上层、中层、下层的不同时间的球虫卵囊数量的差异作为悬浮均匀性的指标。对于球虫卵囊疫苗来说,悬浮液的粘度为6rpm下30-40mpas时,即可满足饮水6-8h的要求,大于此值自然更加可以满足上述要求。对于其它具体情况,可以根据实际情况调节助悬剂颗粒添加量以得到相应的粘度的悬浮液。助悬剂颗粒的添加量可通过实验室测试获得。总之,使用本发明的方法可以在现场没有机械搅拌的情况下,通过人工搅拌快速地配制助悬液以获得包含待悬浮药物的料液,满足现场实际使用的需求。
实施例9
助悬剂的组成如表13所示。
表13.助悬剂的组成
配制过程:首先将聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000混合、加热至80℃成为液体,之后加入黄原胶,在1000rpm下将其分散均匀获得乳状料液,颜色微黄,之后稍冷却至70℃,通过离心冷却获得黄原胶聚乙二醇微囊,对其进行筛分,得到粒径小于1.7mm的微球助悬剂。
实施例10
水合:将实施例9制备的50%的黄原胶微囊助悬剂50g一次性的倒入到装有30L水的50L敞口桶中,使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置(筛网结构的直径15cm,孔径为0.85mm),手动快速搅拌,之后停止搅拌,使料液流过筛网,或者反方向搅拌,提高筛网结构对料液的剪切。反复以上操作。当将助悬剂颗粒倒入水中以后,进行搅拌,刚开始使用筛网结构捞取助悬剂颗粒可以观察到大量的助悬剂颗粒被筛网结构截留,搅拌大约1.5分钟,再次使用筛网结构捞取助悬剂颗粒,发现被筛网截留的颗粒明显减少;继续搅拌至3分钟,仅观察到非常少量的助悬剂颗粒被晒网截留,搅拌4.5分钟时,已经观察不到被截留的颗粒,之后取样放于烧杯中,发现还有少量的“鱼眼”,说明颗粒已经较小,继续搅拌1分钟,筛网结构对未完全水合的助悬剂颗粒继续剪切,加速其水合过程。再取样观察,已经观察不到未水合的微囊的鱼眼状态。取样进行粘度测试,6rpm下粘度约为89mpa.s,60rpm下粘度约为31mpa.s左右,与充分水合的粘度已经非常接近,说明助悬剂颗粒的水合已经完成。与实施例8相比,虽然助悬剂颗粒中助悬剂原料比例增加一倍,但是完成水合的时间相差不大,均可在5-6分钟可完成。因为是本发明的使短流变性的助悬剂快速水合的方法中使用人工搅拌,完成水合的时间与人工搅拌强度和速度有一定的关系,即使人工搅拌强度和速度存在差异,对同一助悬剂颗粒来说,不同人工搅拌下,均可在10分钟以内完成水合,满足现场人工配制的悬浮液的时间和劳动强度的需求。
实施例11
助悬剂的组成如表14所示。
表14.助悬剂的组成
配制过程:首先将聚乙二醇4000加热至80℃成为液体,之后加入黄原胶,在1000转高速分散下将其分散均匀获得乳状料液,颜色微黄,之后稍冷却至70℃,通过离心冷却获得黄原胶聚乙二醇微囊,对其进行筛分,得到粒径小于0.85mm的微囊助悬剂(可通过筛网筛分获得)。
实施例12
水合:将实施例11制备的8%的黄原胶微囊助悬剂300g一次性的倒入到装有30L水的50L敞口桶中,使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置(筛网结构的直径13.5cm,孔径为0.425mm),手动快速搅拌,之后停止搅拌,使料液流过筛网,或者反方向搅拌,提高筛网结构对料液的剪切。反复以上操作。大约搅拌4分钟时,已经观察不到被截留的颗粒,之后取样放于烧杯中,发现还有非常少量的“鱼眼”,再搅拌1分钟,已经观察不到未水合的微囊的鱼眼状态。虽然助悬剂颗粒较多,但是因含量较低,因此水合过程仍能顺利进行。
若使用圆柱棒搅拌,持续搅拌大约12分钟,可以获得助悬剂颗粒完全水合的悬浮液;与实施例7的颗粒相比,本实施例的助悬剂颗粒中助悬剂成分含量较低,因此辅料的分割效应较明显,助悬剂颗粒的水合更容易,因此圆柱棒搅拌也能获得相对较快的水合速度。但是,使用圆柱棒搅拌实现完全水合的时间是使用具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌实现完全水合的时间的两倍多。若使用圆柱棒搅拌过程中,先搅拌2分钟,间隔10分钟,再搅拌2分钟,以这种方式搅拌需要经过两次静置,再搅拌,基本可以获得完全水合,在静置过程中,助悬剂颗粒也能完成一定程度的水合,因此,虽然实际搅拌时间较短,但整体水合时间较长,完成完全水合时间在20分钟以上。
对于上述配制的助悬剂的粘度,不同批次的助悬剂原料的粘度会有所差别,这也造成了制备的不同批次助悬剂颗粒的粘度有所差别,也会造成不同批次制备的助悬剂颗粒水合时间的差异,但是使用本申请的水合方式能大大减少水合时间,方便的人工操作完成水合则是确定无疑的。
以上所述的仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非用以限定本发明的范围,本发明的上述实施例还可以做出各种变化。即凡是依据本发明申请的权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简单、等效变化与修饰,皆落入本发明专利的权利要求保护范围。本发明未详尽描述的均为常规技术内容。
Claims (14)
- 一种助悬剂颗粒,其特征在于,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.2mm~2mm,所述助悬剂颗粒包括助悬剂和辅料,其中所述助悬剂的重量百分比为1~50%,所述辅料的重量百分比为50~99%,所述助悬剂颗粒具有指示加入水中的助悬剂颗粒是否完全水合的可视化特征,所述可视化特征为当将所述助悬剂颗粒加入水中后,助悬剂颗粒逐渐溶胀形成结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团,当胶团消失时,水的粘度不再变化,助悬剂颗粒完全水合,所述助悬剂选自黄原胶、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵、卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、田菁胶、葫芦巴胶、木瓜籽胶、车前草籽胶、沙蒿子胶、阿拉伯胶、印度树胶、葡聚糖、威兰胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、聚氧化乙烯,或其组合。
- 根据权利要求1所述的助悬剂颗粒,其特征在于,所述助悬剂颗粒中所述助悬剂的重量百分比为1~40%,更优选3~30%,和/或,所述助悬剂颗粒的直径为0.3mm~2mm,更优选0.5mm~1mm,和/或,所述辅料的溶解度为10g~100g,且其软化点或熔点或凝固点为45℃~80℃,黄原胶。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的颗粒助悬剂,其特征在于,所述辅料选自平均分子量为1500~25000含有乙二醇和/或乙二醇结构的聚合物。
- 根据权利要求3所述的颗粒助悬剂,其特征在于,所述含有乙二醇和/或乙二醇结构的聚合物选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇共聚物,或其组合。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的助悬剂颗粒,其特征在于,所述助悬剂颗粒还包括染料,优选地,所述染料选自亮蓝、靛蓝、柠檬黄、胭脂红、苋菜红,或其组合。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种助悬剂颗粒,其特征在于,所述助悬剂颗粒还包括第二辅料,优选地,所述第二辅料选自甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、乙醇,或其组合,和/或所述助悬剂颗粒还包括水质软化剂,优选地,所述水质软化剂选自亚胺磺酸盐、含氨基的羧酸及其衍生物、含羟基的羧酸及其衍生物、多聚磷酸盐,或其组合。
- 权利要求1至6任一项所述的助悬剂颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:将所述助悬剂颗粒的原料在高于所述辅料的熔融温度5~30℃的温度下搅拌混合,然后制粒获得所述助悬剂颗粒。
- 权利要求1至6任一项所述的助悬剂颗粒在制备用于悬浮药物或添加剂的悬浮液中的用途。
- 权利要求1至6任一项所述的助悬剂颗粒在制备用于悬浮球虫疫苗的悬浮液中的用途。
- 根据权利要求9或10所述的用途,其特征在于,利用所述助悬剂颗粒制备用于悬浮 球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂的悬浮液的方法包括以下步骤:(1)将助悬剂颗粒按照剂量一次性加入到水中,人工搅拌,当观察到结构为外部水合助悬剂包裹内部未水合助悬剂的胶团消失时,即获得所需粘度的悬浮液;(2)将所述球虫疫苗、药物或添加剂加入到水中,所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)没有先后顺序,可以互换顺序或同时进行。
- 一种使助悬剂快速水合的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将助悬剂成分制备成为颗粒,获得助悬剂颗粒,(2)提供具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的平均粒径的比为0.3~1:1,(3)将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得述助悬剂颗粒快速水合,所述助悬剂成分选自下列物质中的一种或多种:黄原胶、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、海藻酸铵、卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、果胶、田菁胶、葫芦巴胶、木瓜籽胶、车前草籽胶、沙蒿子胶、阿拉伯胶、印度树胶、葡聚糖、威兰胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素铵、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、可溶性淀粉、预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、聚氧化乙烯,或其组合。
- 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述搅拌装置的筛网结构为凸起的网面,且具有一定的强度,搅拌时维持筛网结构的凸起方向不会发生翻转。
- 一种成套的助悬剂产品,其特征在于,其包括:由包含助悬剂成分的原料制备的助悬剂颗粒,和具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的平均粒径的比为0.3~1:1,使用时将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得所述助悬剂颗粒快速水合。
- 一种成套的含球虫卵囊疫苗的助悬剂产品,其特征在于,其包括:由包含短流变性的助悬剂成分的原料制备的助悬剂颗粒,具有筛网结构的搅拌装置,其中所述筛网结构的孔径与所述助悬剂颗粒的直径的比为0.3~1:1,和球虫卵囊疫苗,使用时将所述悬剂颗粒加入水中,利用所述具有筛网结构的搅拌装置搅拌含有所述助悬剂颗粒和水的料液,使得所述助悬剂颗粒快速水合,获得助悬液,然后将所述球虫卵囊疫苗加入所述助悬液中,再利用所述搅拌装置搅拌,获得球虫卵囊疫苗分散均匀的悬浮液,较佳地,所述球虫卵囊疫苗选自鸡球虫卵囊疫苗、兔球虫卵囊疫苗、鸽球虫卵囊疫苗、鸭球虫卵囊疫苗、鹅球虫卵囊疫苗、猪球虫卵囊疫苗、牛球虫卵囊疫苗、羊球虫卵囊疫苗、犬 球虫卵囊疫苗、猫球虫卵囊疫苗。
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