Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B48/00—Quinacridones

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a quinacridone compound, a composition containing the compound, and a method for producing the compound.
• Quinacridone is an important red pigment in our daily life due to its strong structure and excellent light and weather resistance, which makes it widely used in automotive paints, decorative paints, GI coatings, plastics, inks, etc.
• a method for producing a dichloroquinacridone pigment having a quinacridone structure has been disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
• Reducing CO2 emissions is an important issue, as is the shift from petroleum-derived raw materials to bio-based raw materials.
• Quinacridone red pigments currently being produced are not satisfactory in view of future demands for environmental issues, and there is a strong demand for bio-derived quinacridone red pigments from the standpoints of cleanness, greenness, and carbon neutrality.
• the present invention aims to provide a bio-derived quinacridone compound that can be used as a bio-red pigment and is obtained through a safe, clean, green, and carbon-neutral approach, and a composition containing the compound.
• a bio-derived quinacridone compound that can be used as a red pigment can be obtained by using bio-4-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid is abbreviated as "PABA" in this specification) and biosuccinic acid as raw materials to derive a secondary bio-raw material or a bio-intermediate, and then subjecting the secondary bio-raw material or the bio-intermediate to a coupling reaction, dehydration or ring-closing reaction, thus completing the present invention.
• PABA bio-4-aminobenzoic acid
• biosuccinic acid as raw materials to derive a secondary bio-raw material or a bio-intermediate
• X's each independently represent -Cl, -F, -Br, -I, -OH, -NO2 , a C1 to C12 alkyl group, a C1 to C12 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, -COOH, -COO-C1 to C12 alkyl, or -CO-NR.
• Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or a phenyl group.
• a coloring composition comprising the composition according to [3] or [4] and a dispersion medium.
• the coloring composition according to [6] wherein the ratio of the diketopyrrolopyrrole compound having the structure represented by (B) in the coloring composition is 0.5% by mass to 50% by mass.
• n's each independently represent 1 or 2.
• the present invention provides a bio-derived quinacridone compound that can be used as a bio-red pigment and is obtained through a safe, clean, green, and carbon-neutral approach, and a composition containing the compound.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process for producing a bio-derived quinacridone compound.
• the quinacridone compounds of the present invention contain a radioactive carbon atom 14C .
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention has a structure represented by the following formula (B).
• X's each independently represent -Cl, -F, -Br, -I, -OH, -NO 2 , a C1 to C12 alkyl group, a C1 to C12 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, -COOH, -COO-C1 to C12 alkyl, or -CO-NR.
• Each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or a phenyl group.
• Each n independently represents 1 or 2.
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention can be produced by using bio-derived 4-aminobenzoic acid and bio-derived succinic acid as raw materials, and reacting an aniline which may have a substituent produced using the bio-derived 4-aminobenzoic acid with dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate produced using the bio-derived succinic acid.
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention contains a bio (biomass) component derived from a biological raw material. The presence of a biocomponent in the quinacridone compound of the present invention can be confirmed, for example, by measuring the radioactive carbon atom 14C .
• biologically derived and petroleum-derived compounds and compositions do not differ in physical properties such as molecular weight, mechanical properties, and thermal properties.
• the biomass degree is generally used.
• the carbon of petroleum-derived compounds and compositions does not contain 14 C (radioactive carbon-14, half-life 5730 years), so by measuring the concentration of this 14 C by accelerator mass spectrometry, it is possible to confirm whether the generated compound or composition is a petroleum-derived compound or a bio-derived compound.
• the biomass degree is measured, for example, by burning a sample to be measured to generate carbon dioxide, which is then purified in a vacuum line and reduced with hydrogen using iron as a catalyst to generate graphite.
• This graphite is then attached to a tandem accelerator-based 14 C-AMS dedicated device (manufactured by NEC) to measure 14 C counts, 13 C concentration ( 13 C/ 12 C), and 14 C concentration ( 14 C/ 12 C), and the ratio of the 14 C concentration of the sample carbon to that of standard modern carbon is calculated from these measurements.
• oxalic acid HOxII
• NIST oxalic acid
• pMC percent modern carbon
• Preferred embodiments of the quinacridone compound having the structure represented by formula (B) include, for example, quinacridone compounds represented by the following formula (B-1) or (B-2):
• T is Cl, CH 3 , or COOH.
• the pMC (percent modern carbon) in the quinacridone compound represented by formula (B-1) or the quinacridone compound represented by formula (B-2) is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, more preferably 75% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more.
• the quinacridone compound represented by (B-1) is a compound known to be a constituent of the pigment Pigment Violet 19 (PV19), and the quinacridone compound represented by (B-2) is a compound known to be a constituent of the pigment Pigment Red 202 (PR202).
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention having a structure represented by formula (B) or a composition containing the quinacridone compound is used as a quinacridone red pigment containing a radioactive carbon atom 14C , i.e., containing a biocomponent.
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention having a structure represented by formula (B) containing a radioactive carbon atom 14C , i.e., containing a biocomponent, is (Bi) 4-aminobenzoic acid is used as a raw material to produce an aniline which may have a substituent; (B-ii) Using succinic acid as a raw material, dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate is produced; However, at least one of the 4-aminobenzoic acid (Bi) and the succinic acid (B-ii) is derived from a biomaterial, (B-iii) It can be obtained by reacting the aniline which may have a substituent produced in the above (Bi) with the dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate produced in the above (B-ii).
• the raw materials 4-aminobenzoic acid and succinic acid can be derived from biomass fermentation, plant extraction, or biomass pyrolysis.
• the method for synthesizing a quinacridone compound disclosed in the present invention can use plant-derived raw materials as raw materials, and at least one of the raw materials 4-aminobenzoic acid and succinic acid is bio-derived bio-4-aminobenzoic acid or bio-succinic acid, thereby contributing to a carbon-neutral approach.
• 4-aminobenzoic acid and succinic acid are used as raw materials to synthesize a quinacridone compound. Synthesizing a quinacridone compound using 4-aminobenzoic acid and succinic acid as starting materials is a new approach that has not been taken up until now.
• the quinacridone compounds containing the bio-ingredients of the present invention which are produced using bio-4-aminobenzoic acid or bio-succinic acid as raw materials, have a crystal structure and particle size that are favorable for pigmentation.
• a preferred embodiment of the method for producing a quinacridone compound having a structure represented by formula (B) is a method for producing a quinacridone compound, particularly a quinacridone compound represented by (B-1) or a quinacridone compound represented by (B-2).
• Aniline is produced using bio-derived 4-aminobenzoic acid as a raw material (step (G) below).
• Aniline can be produced from 4-aminobenzoic acid by utilizing the methods described in, for example, JP2013-230913A, JP2016-222575A, etc. For example, it can be produced by the method described in the examples below.
• step (G) aniline is produced from 4-aminobenzoic acid.
• the reaction may be carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere or in the ambient environment, i.e., in an air atmosphere, and a nitrogen atmosphere is preferred to prevent oxidation of the product.
• the heating temperature is preferably 170 to 250°C, more preferably 180 to 230°C, and even more preferably 190 to 210°C.
• step (B-iia) Using bio-derived succinic acid as a raw material, dimethyl succinate (hereinafter, dimethyl succinate is also abbreviated as “DMS”) is obtained (step (J) below), and then dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate (hereinafter, dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate is also abbreviated as "DMSS”) is produced (step (K) below).
• DMS dimethyl succinate
• DMSS dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate
• dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate from succinic acid it can be produced using the methods described in Chemistry-A European Journal (2020), 26 (65), 14963-14968, Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry (2017), 55 (14), 2365-2372, CN102050738A, etc. For example, it can be produced by the method described in the examples described below.
• dimethyl succinate is produced from succinic acid.
• examples of the catalytic acid that can be used include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. Among these, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are preferred from the viewpoint of cost.
• DMSS dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate
• the dimerization temperature of dimethyl succinate is preferably 100 to 150° C., more preferably 120 to 130° C.
• dimerization reagent examples include sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.
• sodium methoxide is preferred from the viewpoint of cost and ease of handling.
• step (O) aniline is reacted with dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate to produce a quinacridone compound (PV19 pigment) represented by formula (B-1).
• the acid required for synthesis include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
• the solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, and dodecyl alcohol. These alcohols can be used alone or in combination of two or more types, but it is more preferable to use a combination of two or more types of alcohols.
• the mixing ratio of the solvent is preferably in the range of 1:0 to 0:1, more preferably 5:1 to 1:5, and even more preferably 2:1 to 1:2.
• the reaction time is preferably 1 to 12 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours, and even more preferably 3 to 8 hours.
• hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid are used.
• the reaction time is preferably 1 to 12 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours, and even more preferably 3 to 8 hours.
• the reaction temperature is preferably 100 to 200° C., more preferably 110 to 180° C., and even more preferably 120 to 150° C.
• the reaction time is preferably 1 to 8 hours, more preferably 2 to 6 hours, and even more preferably 3 to 5 hours.
• the concentration of polyphosphoric acid used in the cyclization process is preferably 100% or more, more preferably 105% or more, and even more preferably 115% or more.
• step (B-ib) Using bio-derived 4-aminobenzoic acid as a raw material, 4-chlorobenzoic acid is obtained (step (C) below), and then 4-chlorobenzamide is obtained (step (E) below), and 4-chloroaniline is produced (step (F) below).
• 4-Chloroaniline can be produced from 4-aminobenzoic acid by, for example, the method described in the Examples below.
• step (C) the Sandmeyer reaction is used to produce, for example, 4-chlorobenzoic acid from 4-aminobenzoic acid.
• the acid used include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and methanesulfonic acid.
• hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid are more preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
• the solvent that can be used include water, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, xylene, and alkylbenzene.
• the reaction time of the diazotization is preferably 5 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably 20 minutes to 3 hours, and even more preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.
• examples of the chloro source include potassium chloride, lithium chloride, cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, tetraethylammonium trichloride, tetrabutylammonium trichloride, N-chlorosuccinimide, and trimethylsilyl chloride.
• step (E) 4-chlorobenzamide is produced from 4-chlorobenzoic acid.
• the source of ammonia includes ammonia gas, aqueous ammonia, and urea. Among them, urea is preferred in terms of ease of handling.
• Molybdenum is used as a catalyst to increase the reaction rate, but the reaction is possible without molybdenum.
• a high-boiling point solvent such as alkylbenzene can be used for the synthesis, but the reaction proceeds without a solvent.
• the reaction temperature is preferably 100 to 180°C, more preferably 130 to 150°C, and even more preferably 120 to 160°C.
• the appropriate heating time is preferably 1 to 6 hours, and more preferably 2 to 4 hours.
• a Hofmann elimination reaction is used to produce, for example, 4-chloroaniline from 4-chlorobenzamide.
• the reaction solvent is a mixture of water and acetonitrile, and the proportion of acetonitrile is preferably more than 0 and less than 100%, more preferably 20 to 80%, and even more preferably 30 to 70%.
• Examples of the reagent that induces the Hoffmann reaction include trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, and triiodoisocyanuric acid. Among them, trichloroisocyanuric acid and tribromoisocyanuric acid are preferred due to the ease of availability of the reagent.
• the reaction time of the Hoffmann reaction is preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours, more preferably 1 to 2 hours.
• the heating time required for decomposition of carbamic acid is preferably 5 minutes to 3 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours, and even more preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour.
• 4-Chloroaniline may be obtained by using bio-derived 4-aminobenzoic acid as a raw material to obtain aniline (step (G) below), and then producing 4-chloroaniline (step (H) below).
• step (G) is as explained for step (G) in the section entitled "Method for producing a quinacridone compound having a structure represented by formula (B-1)."
• 4-chloroaniline is produced from aniline.
• the copper chloride and lithium chloride may be anhydrous or may contain one or two crystal waters.
• the solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, and the like.
• the reaction time is preferably 3 to 24 hours, more preferably 5 to 20 hours, even more preferably 8 to 15 hours, and particularly preferably 10 to 12 hours.
• DMSS dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate
• DMSS dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate
• DMSS can be produced from succinic acid by the same method as described in (B-iia) above. It can also be produced by the method described in the Examples below.
• step (N) 4-chloroaniline and dimethyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-dicarboxylate are reacted using a method similar to that described in the above (B-iiia) to produce a quinacridone compound (PR202 pigment) represented by formula (B-2), in which T is Cl.
• the 4-aminobenzoic acid used as the raw material is preferably derived from biomass, as described above, and the succinic acid used as the raw material is also preferably derived from biomass, as described above. It is more preferable that both the 4-aminobenzoic acid and the succinic acid are derived from biomass.
• the biomass degree of the raw materials used in the above manufacturing method is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 50% or more, more preferably 75% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more. Furthermore, if biomass raw materials are available using the mass balance method or the book and claim method, it will be easier to achieve a biomass degree of 1% or more up to 100%. This patent covers biomass degrees including biomass raw materials using the mass balance method and the book and claim method.
• composition containing quinacridone compound The present invention may be a composition containing the quinacridone compound of the present invention having a structure represented by formula (B).
• the composition is preferably used as a pigment composition, particularly as a quinacridone red pigment.
• the composition of the present invention may contain, for example, one or more quinacridone compounds having a structure represented by formula (B).
• a more preferred embodiment of the composition of the present invention is, for example, a composition containing a quinacridone compound represented by the above formula (B-1) or a quinacridone compound represented by the above formula (B-2).
• the proportion of the quinacridone compound having the structure represented by formula (B) above in the composition is, for example, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.
• the BET value of the composition of the present invention is preferably 20 to 100 m 2 /g, more preferably 30 to 95 m 2 /g, still more preferably 40 to 90 m 2 /g, and still more preferably 50 to 85 m 2 /g.
• the BET value is preferably 20 to 80, for paint applications, preferably 40 to 90, for resin applications, preferably 50 to 90, and for color filters, preferably 50 to 100.
• the BET value can be measured by weighing 0.1 g of pigment into a measurement cell and setting it in a specific surface area meter (Macsorb 1208).
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention containing a radioactive carbon atom 14C and having a structure represented by formula (B) obtained by the above method, and a composition containing the quinacridone compound, constitute quinacridone red pigments such as PV19 and PR202.
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention contains carbon derived from biomass, and is carbon neutral, thereby contributing to reducing the environmental load.
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention and the quinacridone red pigment comprising a composition containing the quinacridone compound can be used as a coloring composition, a molding composition, or the like.
• the quinacridone compound of the present invention and the quinacridone red pigment comprising a composition containing the quinacridone compound are mixed with other resins, rubbers, additives, solvents, pigments, dyes, etc., as necessary, and adjusted for use as coating materials for cosmetics, medicines or agricultural chemicals, or printing markers, stationery, writing instruments, printing inks, inkjet inks, metal inks, paints, plastic colorants, toners (color toners), color filters, etc.
• the coloring composition of the present invention preferably contains a quinacridone red pigment composition comprising the quinacridone compound of the present invention or a composition containing the quinacridone compound, and a dispersion medium.
• the coloring composition of the present invention preferably contains 0.5% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 2.5% by mass to 35% by mass, and even more preferably 5% by mass to 20% by mass of the quinacridone compound having the structure represented by the above formula (B).
• Dispersion medium examples include resins and solvents.
• the resin examples include resin-type dispersants and binder resins.
• the solvent examples include water and organic solvents. If necessary, a low molecular weight dispersant such as a surfactant can be used.
• Examples of the type of resin in the resin-type dispersant include styrene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer, (meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer, styrene-(meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer, styrene- ⁇ -methylstyrene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer, styrene- ⁇ -methylstyrene-(meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer, poly(meth)acrylic acid, vinylnaphthalene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, maleic acid-maleic anhydride copolymer, ⁇ -olefin-(anhydride)maleic acid copolymer, ⁇ -olefin-(anhydride)maleic acid
• the binder resin may be, for example, a polyolefin resin, a polyester resin, a styrene copolymer, an acrylic resin, or a modified resin thereof.
• polyolefin resins such as polyethylenes, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (L-LDPE), and low density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene; polyester resins, such as polyethylene terephthalate; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-vinyl toluene copolymer, styrene-vinyl naphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene- ⁇ -chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene
• Organic solvents can be classified into water-soluble solvents and water-insoluble solvents.
• the water-soluble solvent include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin, etc.
• the water-insoluble solvent include toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl alcohol, and aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc.
• Each material constituting the coloring composition can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
• the molding composition contains a coloring composition (pigment composition, resin).
• the molding composition preferably contains a thermoplastic resin in the resin.
• the molding composition containing a thermoplastic resin is preferably melted and kneaded, and molded into a desired shape to produce a molded product.
• Thermoplastic resins include, for example, homopolymers or copolymers using ethylene, propylene, butylene, styrene, etc. as monomer components. More specifically, they include polyethylenes such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (L-LDPE), and low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyolefin resins such as polypropylene and polybutylene. Other useful examples of resins include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide resins such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, polystyrene resins, and thermoplastic ionomer resins. Among these, polyolefin resins and polyester resins are preferred. The number average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably more than 30,000 and 200,000 or less.
• the molding composition may contain a wax.
• the wax is made of low molecular weight polyolefins. These are polymers of olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc., and may be block or random copolymers or terpolymers. Specifically, they are polymers of ⁇ -olefins such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP).
• the number average molecular weight of the wax is preferably 1,000 to 30,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 25,000. Within this range, the wax migrates appropriately to the surface of the molded article, resulting in an excellent balance between sliding properties and bleed-out suppression.
• the melting point of the wax is preferably 60 to 150° C., more preferably 70 to 140° C. Within this range, the processability when melt-kneading the thermoplastic resin and the wax is good.
• the molding composition may contain other additives.
• the other additives are materials commonly used in the technical field of molded bodies, and examples of such additives include antioxidants, light stabilizers, dispersants, metal soaps, antistatic agents, flame retardants, lubricants, fillers, and colorants other than the quinacridone compound of the present invention.
• the molding composition can be produced, for example, as a master batch containing a high concentration of the quinacridone compound.
• the master batch is preferably prepared by melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin and a pigment composition, and then molding the mixture into an arbitrary shape so that the mixture can be easily used in the next step.
• the master batch is then melt-kneaded with a diluting resin (for example, the thermoplastic resin used in the master batch) to form a molded product of a desired shape.
• a diluting resin for example, the thermoplastic resin used in the master batch
• Examples of the shape of the master batch include pellets, powder, and plates.
• the pigment composition In order to prevent aggregation of the pigment composition, it is preferable to melt-knead the pigment composition and wax to produce a dispersion in advance, and then melt-knead the dispersion together with the thermoplastic resin to produce the master batch.
• the device used for the dispersion is preferably, for example, a blend mixer or a three-roll mill.
• molding compositions include, for example, plastic molded bodies, sheets, films, etc.
• the toner contains a coloring composition (pigment composition, resin).
• the resin in the toner is called a binder resin, and is preferably a thermoplastic resin.
• the toner may be a dry toner or a wet toner.
• a dry toner is produced by melting and kneading a pigment composition and a binder resin, cooling the mixture, and then pulverizing and classifying the mixture. Then, a post-treatment step of blending and mixing additives is carried out to produce the toner.
• binder resins include styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene- ⁇ -chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, phenolic resin, naturally modified
• polyester resins and styrene-based copolymers are preferred, with polyester resins being more preferred.
• the pigment composition has particularly excellent compatibility with polyester resins, allowing the quinacridone compound to be uniformly and finely dispersed in the toner, resulting in a high-quality toner.
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyester resin is preferably at least 5,000, more preferably from 10,000 to 1,000,000, and even more preferably from 20,000 to 100,000.
• Mw weight average molecular weight
• the acid value of the polyester resin is preferably from 10 to 60 mgKOH/g, more preferably from 15 to 55 mgKOH/g.
• the toner may further contain a charge control agent.
• a charge control agent makes it easier to obtain a toner with a stable charge amount.
• the charge control agent may be selected appropriately from positive and negative charge control agents.
• the toner may contain a release agent.
• the release agent include hydrocarbon waxes such as polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax, synthetic ester waxes, and natural ester waxes such as carnauba wax and rice wax.
• lubricants can be added to the toner.
• flow agents can be added to the toner.
• abrasives can be added to the toner.
• the toner can be used as a one-component developer or a two-component developer.
• the two-component developer can further contain a carrier.
• the carrier include magnetic powders such as iron powder, ferrite powder, and nickel powder, and the like, and the surfaces of these powders are coated with resins, etc.
• the resins that coat the carrier surface include styrene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymers, (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymers, fluorine-containing resins, silicone-containing resins, polyamide resins, ionomer resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, etc.
• the paint contains a coloring composition (a pigment composition, a resin, and a solvent).
• the resin may be a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
• the thermosetting resin is preferably a resin having a glass transition temperature of 10° C. or higher.
• the thermosetting resin include acrylic resin, polyester, and polyurethane.
• the thermosetting resin preferably has a functional group capable of reacting with a curing agent. Examples of the functional group include a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group.
• Examples of the curing agent include an isocyanate curing agent, an epoxy curing agent, an aziridine curing agent, and an amine curing agent.
• the thermoplastic resin is preferably a resin having a glass transition temperature of 30° C. or higher. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include nitrocellulose and polyester. Note that the thermosetting resin and the thermoplastic resin can be used in combination.
• examples of water-insoluble solvents include toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl alcohol, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• examples of water-soluble solvents among the solvents include water, monohydric alcohols, dihydric alcohols, and glycols.
• examples of water-soluble solvents include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
• water-dilutable monoethers derived from polyhydric alcohols include water-dilutable monoethers. Specific examples of water-dilutable monoethers include methoxypropanol and methoxybutanol. Examples of water-dilutable glycol ethers include butyl glycol and butyl diglycol. When the paint contains water as a solvent, it is called a water-based paint.
• the paint may further contain known additives.
• Examples of uses for paint include paint for metals and paint for plastics.
• the printing ink contains a coloring composition (pigment composition, resin, solvent).
• the printing ink is ink other than inkjet ink, and examples of the printing ink include ink for offset printing, ink for flexographic printing, ink for gravure printing, ink for silk screen printing, and ink for color filters.
• the solvent contains water, the printing ink is called an aqueous printing ink.
• resins examples include rosin resin, rosin-modified phenolic resin, polyurethane, nitrocellulose, acrylic resin, styrene-acrylic resin, petroleum resin, etc.
• non-water-soluble solvents examples include toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl alcohol, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• water-soluble solvents include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
• water-dilutable monoethers derived from polyhydric alcohols For example, methoxypropanol or methoxybutanol.
• water-dilutable glycol ethers such as butyl glycol or butyl diglycol.
• the printing ink may further contain a lustrous material.
• the lustrous material is a particle having an average thickness of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and examples of the lustrous material include metal flakes, mica, and coated glass flakes. Examples of metal flakes include aluminum flakes and gold powder. Examples of mica include normal mica and coated mica. Examples of coated glass flakes include glass flakes coated with a metal oxide such as titanium oxide.
• the printing ink may further contain known additives.
• Inkjet inks contain a pigment composition and a resin, and preferably further contain a solvent.
• Inkjet inks can be broadly classified into (solvent-based) inkjet inks, aqueous inkjet inks, and solvent-free inkjet inks, depending on the presence or absence of a solvent and the type of solvent. The following description will focus on water-based inkjet inks.
• the resin used in the water-based inkjet ink is important for obtaining adhesion of the ink to the printed material (substrate).
• the type of resin include acrylic resin, styrene-acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, etc.
• the form of the resin include water-soluble resin, emulsion particles, etc. Among these, emulsion particles are preferred. Emulsion particles include single composition particles, core-shell type particles, etc., and can be selected and used as desired. When emulsion particles are used, it is easy to reduce the viscosity of the aqueous inkjet ink, and recorded matter with excellent water resistance can be easily obtained.
• the resin can be used by neutralizing the acidic functional groups with a pH adjuster such as ammonia, various amines, and various inorganic alkalis, as necessary.
• Solvents include non-water-soluble solvents, water, and water-soluble solvents.
• Water-soluble solvents include glycol ethers and diols. These solvents penetrate the substrate very quickly, even into low-absorbency or non-absorbent substrates such as coated paper, art paper, polyvinyl chloride sheets, films, and fabrics. This allows for quick drying during printing, and allows for accurate printing. In addition, because of their high boiling points, they also act as wetting agents.
• Water-soluble solvents are important for preventing drying and solidification in the nozzles of the printer head of the aqueous inkjet ink and for ensuring ink ejection stability.
• water-soluble solvents include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ketone alcohol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1,2-hexanediol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, substituted pyrrolidone, 2,4,6-hexanetriol, tetrafurfuryl alcohol, and 4-methoxy-4-methylpentanone.
• the inkjet ink may further contain additives.
• additives include drying accelerators, penetrants, preservatives, chelating agents, and pH adjusters.
• Inkjet ink is made by blending and mixing the various materials. Mixing can be done with a blade stirrer, various dispersing machines, emulsifying machines, etc. The order in which the materials are added and the mixing method are optional.
• the inkjet ink is preferably filtered or centrifuged to remove coarse particles. This improves the ejection properties from the inkjet printer. Filtration and centrifugation can be performed by known methods.
• the inkjet ink can be produced by various inkjet methods, including, for example, charge control type, continuous jet type such as spray type, piezo type, thermal type, and electrostatic suction type.
• composition Analysis The composition of the dye obtained in the examples was analyzed by FD-MS (Field Desorption-Mass Spectroscopy). 5 mg of the dye was dispersed in THF and analyzed using a JMS-T100GC (manufactured by Jeol).
• AMS Accelelerator Mass Spectrometry
• NEC tandem accelerator-based 14 C-AMS dedicated device
• HOxII oxalic acid
• NIST National Institute of Standards
• a quinacridone compound represented by the above formula (B-1) was obtained in the same manner as described above, except that petroleum-derived succinic acid was used in place of dimethyl succinate in the synthesis.
• the radioactive carbon atom 14C in the quinacridone compound was below the detection limit and could not be measured, and the pMC was also 0%.

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• 2023
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