WO2024098258A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098258A1
WO2024098258A1 PCT/CN2022/130666 CN2022130666W WO2024098258A1 WO 2024098258 A1 WO2024098258 A1 WO 2024098258A1 CN 2022130666 W CN2022130666 W CN 2022130666W WO 2024098258 A1 WO2024098258 A1 WO 2024098258A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
electrode assembly
battery cell
insulating member
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/130666
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
徐良帆
张倩倩
李全坤
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/130666 priority Critical patent/WO2024098258A1/zh
Publication of WO2024098258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098258A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery short circuits can generate excessive electrical heat and high temperatures, which can cause fires and burn electrical appliances, threatening property and life safety. Therefore, how to reduce the risk of battery short circuits has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of battery technology.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device to reduce the risk of battery short circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising a shell, an electrode assembly and a first insulating member;
  • the shell comprises a first wall and a second wall arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, the first wall being provided with an electrode terminal;
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the shell, the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the electrode terminal, and the first wall supports the electrode assembly;
  • the first insulating member abuts against one end of the electrode assembly facing the second wall to insulate and isolate the second wall and the electrode assembly; along the first direction, a gap is formed between the surface of the first insulating member facing away from the electrode assembly and the inner surface of the second wall.
  • the first wall provided with the electrode terminal supports the electrode assembly, and the battery cell of this solution is in an inverted state relative to the traditional battery cell, that is, the electrode terminal faces downward, and the electrode assembly is supported by the first wall as a whole under the action of gravity.
  • a gap is formed between the side of the first insulating member facing the end of the electrode assembly facing the second wall away from the electrode assembly and the inner surface of the second wall, and the gap reduces the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly being squeezed and wrinkled by the corner area of the end of the shell away from the first wall, so that the end of the electrode assembly away from the first wall does not need to be provided with a bottom support plate, that is, the degree of squeeze contact between the electrode assembly and the corner area of the shell away from the electrode terminal can be reduced, and even the electrode assembly can be prevented from being squeezed and squeezed with the corner area of the shell, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly being squeezed and wrinkled with the corner area of the shell due to the squeeze between the electrode assembly and the corner area of the shell, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the first insulating member insulates and isolates the second wall and the electrode assembly, which can not only reduce the risk of the electrode assembly contacting the second wall and causing a short circuit in the battery cell, but also reduce the risk of metal ions of the electrode assembly reaching the second wall and causing electrochemical corrosion of the second wall.
  • the shell also includes a side wall, which is arranged around the outer periphery of the second wall, along the first direction, the second wall is located at one end of the side wall, the other end of the side wall forms an opening, the first wall closes the opening, and the inner surface of the second wall and the inner surface of the side wall are connected by a chamfered surface.
  • the inner surface of the second wall and the inner surface of the side wall are connected by a chamfered surface, which facilitates the connection of the second wall and the side wall to form a shell, reduces the risk of stress concentration between the second wall and the side wall, and improves the structural strength of the shell.
  • the chamfered surface forms a corner area of the shell away from the end of the first wall. Since a gap is formed between the surface of the first insulating member away from the electrode assembly and the inner surface of the second wall, the risk of the electrode assembly being wrinkled due to the compression of the chamfered surface is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell and improving the safety performance of the battery cell and the battery having the battery cell.
  • the size of the chamfered surface is H
  • the size of the gap is H 1
  • H 1 ⁇ H/2 is satisfied.
  • the chamfered surface in the first direction, has a size H, and the distance H1 between the first insulating member and the inner surface of the second wall satisfies, H1 ⁇ H/2, so as to avoid the electrode assembly being squeezed by the chamfered surface or reduce the degree of squeezing of the electrode assembly by the chamfered surface, thereby alleviating the risk of wrinkling of the electrode sheet due to squeezing of the electrode assembly by the chamfered surface.
  • H 1 ⁇ H.
  • the chamfered surface is an arc chamfered surface.
  • the chamfered surface is a circular arc chamfered surface, which can avoid stress concentration and facilitate processing and forming.
  • the inner surface of the second wall is tangent to the chamfered surface; and/or the inner surface of the side wall is tangent to the chamfered surface.
  • the inner surface of the second wall is tangent to the chamfered surface, and the connecting position between the inner surface of the second wall and the chamfered surface has no edges, which can prevent the connecting position between the inner surface of the second wall and the chamfered surface from scratching the first insulating part and causing significant wear on the first insulating part; and/or, the inner surface of the side wall is tangent to the chamfered surface, and the connecting position between the inner surface of the side wall and the chamfered surface has no edges, which can prevent the connecting position between the inner surface of the side wall and the chamfered surface from scratching the first insulating part and the electrode assembly, causing significant wear on the first insulating part and scratching the isolation membrane of the electrode assembly.
  • the side wall and the second wall are integrally formed.
  • the side wall and the second wall are integrally formed, which facilitates the manufacturing and forming of the shell and is also beneficial to improving the structural strength of the shell.
  • the battery cell further includes a second insulating member, at least a portion of which is disposed between the side wall and the electrode assembly, and the second insulating member is configured to insulate and isolate the side wall and the electrode assembly.
  • the second insulating member insulates and isolates the side wall and the electrode assembly, which can not only reduce the risk of the electrode assembly and the side wall contacting and causing the battery cell short circuit, but also reduce the risk of metal ions of the electrode assembly reaching the side wall and causing electrochemical corrosion of the side wall.
  • the first insulating member and the second insulating member are integrally formed.
  • the first insulating member and the second insulating member are integrally formed, and the first insulating member and the second insulating member have better connection strength.
  • the overall structure formed by the first insulating member and the second insulating member can better play an insulating isolation role between the electrode assembly and the shell, further reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell also includes a third insulating member.
  • the third insulating member abuts against the side of the first insulating member facing the second wall, and along the direction perpendicular to the first direction, the edge of the first insulating member protrudes from the third insulating member.
  • the edge of the first insulating member protrudes beyond the third insulating member, and a gap not occupied by the third insulating member is still formed between the surface of the first insulating member facing the second wall and the inner surface of the second wall.
  • This gap is close to the corner area of the end of the shell away from the first wall along the first direction, reducing the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly being squeezed and wrinkled by the corner area of the end of the shell away from the first wall.
  • the provision of the third insulating member can limit the range of movement of the electrode assembly in the shell along the first direction, which is conducive to improving the stability of the electrical performance of the battery cell.
  • the third insulating member is connected to a surface of the first insulating member facing the second wall.
  • the third insulating member is connected to the first insulating member, which can improve the stability of the third insulating member relative to the first insulating member and reduce the risk of the third insulating member moving between the first insulating member and the second wall.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first electrode lug and a second electrode lug with opposite polarities, and along the first direction, the first electrode lug and the second electrode lug are located on a side of the electrode assembly away from the second wall.
  • the first pole ear and the second pole ear are both located on the side of the electrode assembly away from the second wall, which facilitates the first pole ear and the second pole ear to output the electrical energy of the battery cell respectively and can also minimize the size of the electrode assembly along the first direction.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a main body, and the first pole lug and the second pole lug both protrude from the main body;
  • the battery cell further includes a support member, and the support member is arranged between the first wall and the main body.
  • the support member is arranged between the first wall and the main body, which is conducive to limiting the position of the electrode assembly and can reduce the risk of the electrode assembly moving in the shell.
  • the support member can also reduce the risk of the pole ear being inserted into the main body backwards, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the support member supports the main body, and the first pole tab and the second pole tab are bent around the edge of the support member to a side of the support member away from the main body and are electrically connected to the electrode terminal.
  • the support member supports the main body and can limit the electrode assembly in the shell to reduce the degree of shaking of the electrode assembly in the shell.
  • the first pole ear and the second pole ear are bent around the edge of the support member to the side of the support member away from the main body, and the support member can support the first pole ear and the second pole ear to prevent the first pole ear and the second pole ear from being inserted into the main body.
  • At least one of a pressure relief mechanism and a liquid injection hole is further provided on the first wall.
  • At least one of the pressure relief mechanism and the liquid injection hole is arranged on the first wall, so that the various structures of the battery cells are more concentrated, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing, and is conducive to improving production efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, comprising the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the battery cell provided by the first embodiment has a gap formed between the side of the first insulating member that abuts against the end of the electrode assembly facing the second wall away from the electrode assembly and the inner surface of the second wall, so that the end of the electrode assembly away from the first wall does not need to be provided with a bottom support plate, that is, the degree of compression contact between the electrode assembly and the corner area of the shell away from the electrode terminal can be reduced, and even the electrode assembly can be prevented from being contacted and compressed with the corner area of the shell, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode assembly's pole piece being wrinkled due to compression with the corner area of the shell due to compression between the electrode assembly and the shell, thereby reducing the risk of the battery cell short circuit, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the battery cell can also simplify the assembly process of the battery cell, improve assembly efficiency, save the cost of the battery cell, and reduce the weight of the battery cell, thereby reducing the weight of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the battery provided in the embodiment of the second aspect.
  • the battery safety performance of the second aspect is better, so it can improve the power safety of electrical equipment equipped with the battery.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in the related art
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of the battery cell in FIG1 ;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in the figure;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Fig. 6;
  • FIG9 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is an enlarged view of point C in FIG10 ;
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG13 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of point D in FIG. 14 .
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-housing; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20', 20-battery cell; 21', 21-housing; 211', 211-first wall; 212', 212-second wall; 2121-inner surface of second wall; 2122-outer surface of second wall; 213', 213-side wall; 2131-inner surface of side wall; 2132-outer surface of side wall; 214', 214-opening; 215-connecting wall; 2151-chamfered surface; 2151a', 2151a-corner area; 21511-first end; 21512-second end; 2152-outer surface of connecting wall; 22', 22-electrode assembly; 221- First pole ear; 2211-first pole ear root area; 222-second pole ear; 2221-second pole ear root area; 223-main body; 23', 23-first insulating member; 24-gap; 25', 25-e
  • the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be a cylindrical body, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be a steel-shell battery cell or a soft-pack battery cell, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20' comprises a shell 21' and an electrode assembly 22', and the electrode assembly 22' is contained in the shell 21'.
  • the shell 21' comprises a first wall 211', a second wall 212' and a side wall 213', and the first wall 211' is provided with an electrode terminal 25', and the electrode terminal 25' is used to be electrically connected to the electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22'.
  • the side wall 213' is arranged around the outer periphery of the second wall 212', the second wall 212' is located at one end of the side wall 213', and an opening 214' is formed at the other end of the side wall 213', the second wall 212' supports the electrode assembly 22', and the end of the electrode assembly 22' facing the second wall 212' is connected to the first insulating member 23', and the first insulating member 23' can insulate and isolate the electrode assembly 22' and the second wall 212'.
  • a bottom support plate 30' can be provided between the first insulating member 23' and the second wall 212' that abut against one end of the electrode assembly 22' facing the second wall 212', and the distance between the first insulating member 23' and the second wall 212' is increased by the bottom support plate 30', thereby increasing the distance between the electrode assembly 22' and the second wall 212', and reducing the risk of the corner area 2151a' squeezing the electrode assembly 22' and causing the electrode sheet to wrinkle.
  • the provision of the bottom support plate 30 ′ increases the assembly process of the battery cell 20 ′, reduces the assembly efficiency of the battery cell 20 ′, increases the cost of the battery cell 20 ′, and increases the weight of the battery cell 20 ′.
  • the inventor has designed a battery cell after in-depth research.
  • the battery cell supports the electrode assembly through a first wall provided with an electrode terminal, and a gap is formed between the first insulating member against one end of the electrode assembly facing the second wall and the inner surface of the second wall.
  • the first wall provided with the electrode terminal supports the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cell of the present scheme is in an inverted state relative to the traditional battery cell, that is, the electrode terminal faces downward, and the electrode assembly is supported as a whole by the first wall under the action of gravity.
  • the action of gravity and the manufacturing tolerance of the electrode assembly form a gap between the side of the first insulating member against the end of the electrode assembly facing the second wall that is away from the electrode assembly and the inner surface of the second wall.
  • the gap reduces the risk of the electrode piece of the electrode assembly being squeezed and wrinkled by the corner area of the end of the outer shell away from the first wall, so that the end of the electrode assembly away from the first wall does not need to be provided with a bottom support plate, which can reduce the degree of squeeze and contact between the electrode assembly and the corner area of the outer shell away from the electrode terminal, and can even prevent the electrode assembly from being squeezed and squeezed with the corner area of the outer shell, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode piece of the electrode assembly being squeezed and wrinkled by the corner area of the outer shell due to squeezing between the electrode assembly and the corner area of the outer shell, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit in the battery cell.
  • the assembly process of the battery cell can be simplified, the assembly efficiency can be improved, the cost of the battery cell can be saved, and the weight of the battery cell can be reduced.
  • the first insulating member insulates and isolates the second wall and the electrode assembly, which can not only reduce the risk of the electrode assembly contacting the second wall and causing a short circuit in the battery cell, but also reduce the risk of metal ions of the electrode assembly 22 reaching the second wall and causing electrochemical corrosion of the second wall.
  • the battery cell disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships or aircraft. It can also be used in a power supply system that has the battery cell, battery, etc. disclosed in the present application to form the electrical device, which is helpful to reduce the risk of short circuit of the battery cell due to wrinkled pole pieces, and is also helpful to reduce the weight of the battery having the battery cell and the weight of the electrical device having the battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source
  • the electric device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box body 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the box body 10.
  • the box body 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the box body 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open to form a storage cavity for accommodating the battery cell 20, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space; the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open to form a storage cavity for accommodating the battery cell 20, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery, or a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a shell 21, an electrode assembly 22 and a first insulating member 23;
  • the shell 21 includes a first wall 211 and a second wall 212 arranged opposite to each other along a first direction X, and the first wall 211 is provided with an electrode terminal 25;
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the shell 21, the electrode assembly 22 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 25, and the first wall 211 supports the electrode assembly 22;
  • the first insulating member 23 abuts against one end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 to insulate and isolate the second wall 212 and the electrode assembly 22; along the first direction X, a gap 24 is formed between the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the housing 21 has a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 21 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the present embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • the first wall 211 and the second wall 212 are two walls of the housing 21 that are opposite to each other along the first direction X.
  • the first direction X is parallel to the thickness direction of the first wall 211.
  • the first direction X is parallel to the thickness direction of the second wall 212.
  • the first direction X may be the direction of gravity.
  • the first direction X may also be a direction substantially parallel to the direction of gravity, that is, the first direction X may be allowed to deviate from the direction of gravity by a certain angle.
  • the first wall 211 supporting the electrode assembly 22 means that the first wall 211 directly or indirectly bears the gravity of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the first wall 211 may bear the entire gravity of the electrode assembly 22, or may bear a portion of the gravity of the electrode assembly 22. In an embodiment where the first direction X is the direction of gravity, the first wall 211 may bear the entire gravity of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the first wall 211 may only bear a portion of the gravity of the electrode assembly 22, and the portion of the gravity of the electrode assembly 22 borne by the first wall 211 is the component of the gravity of the electrode assembly 22 in the first direction X.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is composed of a positive electrode sheet (not shown in the figure), a negative electrode sheet (not shown in the figure) and a separator (not shown in the figure).
  • the battery 100 mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector also has a portion that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector that has been coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the positive electrode ear can also be a structure that is separately arranged with the positive electrode collector and then electrically connected.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector also has a portion that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that is coated with a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode ear.
  • the negative electrode ear may also be a structure that is separately provided with the negative electrode current collector and then electrically connected.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the number of positive electrode ears is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode ears is multiple and stacked together.
  • the positive electrode ear and the negative electrode ear are respectively the first electrode ear 221 (shown in FIG. 10 ) and the second electrode ear 222 (shown in FIG. 10 ) described later.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may be located on the same side of the electrode assembly 22 along the first direction X, or may be located on different sides of the electrode assembly 22 , for example, the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are located on opposite sides of the electrode assembly 22 along the first direction X, respectively.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a winding structure or a stacked structure, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the electrode terminal 25 is a functional component for outputting the electric energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the electrode terminal 25 is insulated and arranged on the first wall 211.
  • the end of the electrode terminal 25 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20 may protrude from the surface of the first wall 211 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20.
  • the end of the electrode terminal 25 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20 may be flush with the surface of the first wall 211 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20 or the end of the electrode terminal 25 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20 may be closer to the interior of the battery cell 20 relative to the surface of the first wall 211 facing away from the interior of the battery cell 20.
  • the electrode terminal 25 is used to electrically connect to the tab of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the battery cell 20 may include one electrode terminal 25, and one electrode terminal 25 is disposed on the first wall 211.
  • One of the positive tab and the negative tab is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 25, and the other may be electrically connected to the housing 21.
  • the cell may include two electrode terminals 25, and two electrode terminals 25 may be disposed on the first wall 211, and the two electrode terminals 25 are respectively used to electrically connect to the positive tab and the negative tab.
  • the first insulating member 23 may be made of rubber, ceramic, glass, mica, etc.
  • the first insulating member 23 may be connected to the end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 by bonding, bundling, etc., to insulate and isolate the second wall 212 from the electrode assembly 22.
  • the first insulating member 23 also contacts only the end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212, and remains in contact with the electrode assembly 22, to insulate and isolate the second wall 212 from the electrode assembly 22.
  • the battery cell 20 may include one electrode assembly 22 , or may include a plurality of electrode assemblies 22 stacked and arranged along a second direction, and the second direction may be any direction perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the first insulating member 23 covers one end of each electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 .
  • the distance H1 between the surface of the electrode assembly 22 on the back side of the first insulating member 23 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall is the size of the gap 24 formed between the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the gap 24 does not mean that there is no substance in the gap 24, and the gap 24 can accommodate electrolyte.
  • the gap 24 between the first insulating member 23 and the second wall 212 disappears, the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 contacts the inner surface 2121 of the second wall, there is no distance between the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall, and the second wall 212 supports the electrode assembly 22.
  • the first insulating member 23 insulates and isolates the second wall 212 and the electrode assembly 22 , which not only reduces the risk of the electrode assembly 22 and the second wall 212 contacting and causing a short circuit in the battery cell 20 , but also reduces the risk of metal ions of the electrode assembly 22 reaching the second wall 212 and causing electrochemical corrosion of the second wall 212 .
  • the first wall 211 provided with the electrode terminal 25 supports the electrode assembly 22. Then, the battery cell 20 of the present solution is in an inverted state relative to the conventional battery cell 20, that is, the electrode terminal 25 faces downward, and the electrode assembly 22 is supported by the first wall 211 as a whole under the action of gravity.
  • the action of gravity and the manufacturing tolerance of the electrode assembly 22 form a gap 24 between the side of the first insulating member 23 that abuts against the end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the gap 24 reduces the inflection of the electrode piece of the electrode assembly 22 by the end of the housing 21 that faces away from the first wall 211.
  • the risk of the corner area 2151a being squeezed and wrinkled makes it unnecessary to set a bottom support plate at the end of the electrode assembly 22 away from the first wall 211, which can reduce the degree of squeeze contact between the electrode assembly 22 and the corner area 2151a of the shell 21 away from the electrode terminal 25, and even make the electrode assembly 22 not contact and squeeze the corner area 2151a of the shell 21, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 22 being squeezed and wrinkled by the corner area 2151a of the shell 21 due to the squeeze between the electrode assembly 22 and the corner area 2151a of the shell 21, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell 20.
  • the assembly process of the battery cell 20 can be simplified, the assembly efficiency can be improved, the cost of the battery cell 20 can be saved, and the weight of the battery cell 20 can be reduced.
  • the shell 21 also includes a side wall 213, which is arranged around the outer periphery of the second wall 212.
  • the second wall 212 is located at one end of the side wall 213, and the other end of the side wall 213 forms an opening 214.
  • the first wall 211 closes the opening 214, and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the inner surface 2131 of the side wall are connected by a chamfered surface 2151.
  • the housing 21 further includes a connecting wall 215, through which the side wall 213 and the second wall 212 are connected.
  • the outer surface 2122 of the second wall and the outer surface 2132 of the side wall are connected through the outer surface 2152 of the connecting wall.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 is the inner surface of the connecting wall 215.
  • the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the inner surface 2131 of the side wall are connected by the chamfered surface 2151, so that the second wall 212 and the side wall 213 are connected to form the outer shell 21, the risk of stress concentration between the second wall 212 and the side wall 213 is reduced, and the structural strength of the outer shell 21 is improved.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 forms a corner area 2151a of the outer shell 21 away from the first wall 211.
  • the size of the chamfered surface 2151 is H
  • the size of the gap 24 is H 1 , satisfying H 1 ⁇ H/2.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 has a first end 21511 and a second end 21512.
  • the first end 21511 is connected to the inner surface of the first wall 211, and the second end 21512 is connected to the inner surface 2131 of the side wall.
  • the dimension H of the chamfered surface 2151 is the distance between the first end 21511 and the second end 21512 along the first direction X.
  • a dimension H1 of the gap 24 is a distance between a surface of the first insulating member 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 22 and an inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the electrode assembly 22 will also be indirectly squeezed because the first insulating member 23 is connected to the end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can expand in any direction (second direction) perpendicular to the first direction X, and the risk of the expanded electrode assembly 22 being squeezed by the chamfered surface 2151 is further increased.
  • the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 22 being wrinkled due to squeezing is also relatively high, especially when the positive electrode sheet is squeezed and wrinkled, the risk of lithium deposition and short circuit in the battery cell 20 will be greatly increased.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 has a size H, and the distance H1 between the first insulating member 23 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall satisfies, H1 ⁇ H/2, so as to avoid the electrode assembly 22 being squeezed by the chamfered surface 2151 or reduce the degree of squeezing of the electrode assembly 22 by the chamfered surface 2151, thereby alleviating the risk of wrinkling of the electrode sheet due to squeezing of the electrode assembly 22 by the chamfered surface 2151.
  • H 1 H.
  • the first insulating member 23 and the electrode assembly 22 are completely located on the side of the chamfered surface 2151 away from the inner surface 2121 of the second wall along the first direction X.
  • the projection of the integral structure formed by the electrode assembly 22 and the first insulating member 23 on the inner surface 2131 of the side wall is staggered from the projection of the chamfered surface 2151 on the plane where the inner surface 2131 of the side wall is located, and the first insulating member 23 and the electrode assembly 22 before and after expansion will not be squeezed by the chamfered surface 2151.
  • H 1 ⁇ H the projection of the electrode assembly 22 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction X is offset from the chamfered surface 2151, and the first insulating member 23 is completely arranged away from the chamfered surface 2151.
  • the electrode assembly 22 and the first insulating member 23 may not contact the chamfered surface 2151, so that the electrode piece will not be squeezed and wrinkled by the chamfered surface 2151, thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from being short-circuited due to the electrode piece being squeezed and wrinkled by the chamfered surface 2151.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 may be a chamfered inclined surface.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 is a conical surface, and the chamfered surface 2151 extends along the edge of the inner surface 2121 of the second wall to form a closed loop surface, the first end 21511 of the chamfered surface 2151 is the small end of the conical surface, and is connected to the inner surface 2121 of the second wall, and the second end 21512 of the chamfered surface 2151 is the large end of the conical surface, and is connected to the inner surface 2131 of the side wall.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 is a chamfered inclined surface to avoid causing stress concentration.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 is a circular chamfered surface 2151.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 protrudes outward from the inside of the battery cell 20.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 extends along the edge of the inner surface 2121 of the second wall to form a closed loop surface.
  • the chamfered surface 2151 is a circular chamfered surface 2151, which can avoid stress concentration and facilitate processing and forming.
  • the inner surface 2121 of the second wall is tangent to the chamfered surface 2151 ; and/or the inner surface 2131 of the side wall is tangent to the chamfered surface 2151 .
  • Only the inner surface 2121 of the second wall may be tangent to the chamfered surface 2151, and the inner surface 2131 of the side wall may be connected to the chamfered surface 2151 but not tangent thereto. If the inner surface 2121 of the second wall is tangent to the chamfered surface 2151, there is no edge at the connection position between the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the chamfered surface 2151, thereby preventing the edge formed at the connection position between the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the chamfered surface 2151 from scratching the first insulating member 23 and causing significant wear on the first insulating member 23.
  • Only the inner surface 2131 of the side wall may be tangent to the chamfered surface 2151, and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall may be connected to the chamfered surface 2151 but not tangent thereto. If the inner surface 2131 of the side wall is tangent to the chamfered surface 2151, there is no edge at the connection position between the inner surface 2131 of the side wall and the chamfered surface 2151, which can prevent the edge formed at the connection position between the inner surface 2131 of the side wall and the chamfered surface 2151 from scratching the first insulating member 23 and the electrode assembly 22, thereby causing greater wear of the first insulating member 23 and scratching of the isolation film of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the inner surface 2131 of the side wall may be tangent to the chamfered surface 2151.
  • the connection position between the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the chamfered surface 2151, and the connection position between the inner surface of the vehicle wall and the chamfered surface 2151 will not form edges, and will not scratch the first insulating member 23 and the electrode assembly 22, thereby reducing the risk of the first insulating member 23 and the electrode assembly 22 being worn in the housing 21.
  • the side wall 213 and the second wall 212 are integrally formed.
  • the side wall 213 and the second wall 212 are integrally formed, which means that the side wall 213, the second wall 212 and the connecting wall 215 are integrally formed.
  • the side wall 213, the second wall 212 and the connecting wall 215 are integrally formed to form an integral structure.
  • the integral forming includes but is not limited to casting, stamping and the like.
  • the side wall 213 and the second wall 212 are integrally formed, which facilitates the manufacturing of the housing 21 and helps to improve the structural strength of the housing 21 .
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a second insulating member 26 , at least a portion of which is disposed between the side wall 213 and the electrode assembly 22 , and the second insulating member 26 is configured to insulate and isolate the side wall 213 and the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the second insulating member 26 can be made of rubber, ceramic, glass, mica, etc.
  • the second insulating member 26 may be connected to the inner surface 2131 of the side wall, for example, the first insulating member 23 is an insulating layer bonded to the inner surface 2131 of the side wall, or the second insulating member 26 is an insulating coating applied to the inner surface 2131 of the side wall.
  • the second insulating member 26 may be entirely located between the side wall 213 and the electrode assembly 22, or only a portion thereof may be located between the side wall 213 and the electrode assembly 22.
  • the second insulating member 26 may also be connected to the electrode assembly 22 , for example, the second insulating member 26 is bonded to the electrode assembly 22 , or the second insulating member 26 is tied to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the second insulating member 26 may be disposed around the outer circumference of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the second insulating member 26 may be disposed around the periphery of the integral structure formed by the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 .
  • the second insulating member 26 insulates and isolates the side wall 213 and the electrode assembly 22 , which not only reduces the risk of the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213 contacting and causing a short circuit in the battery cell 20 , but also reduces the risk of metal ions of the electrode assembly 22 reaching the side wall 213 and causing electrochemical corrosion of the side wall 213 .
  • first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 may be independent of each other. In other embodiments, the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 may be provided separately and then connected to form an integral structure, and the connection method may be bonding, welding, etc.
  • first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 are integrally formed.
  • the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 are formed into an integral structure by an integral molding method, and the integral molding method includes but is not limited to injection molding and stamping.
  • the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 together form a cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 22, and the cavity is open on the side facing the first wall 211.
  • the positive electrode ear and the negative electrode ear of the electrode assembly 22 extend out of the cavity surrounded by the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 from the open side of the cavity.
  • the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 are integrally formed, and there is better connection strength between the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26.
  • the overall structure formed by the first insulating member 23 and the second insulating member 26 can better play an insulating isolation role between the electrode assembly 22 and the housing 21, further reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a third insulating member 27, and along the first direction X, the third insulating member 27 abuts against the side of the first insulating member 23 facing the second wall 212, and along the direction perpendicular to the first direction X, the edge of the first insulating member 23 exceeds the third insulating member 27.
  • the third insulating member 27 can be made of rubber, ceramic, glass, mica, etc.
  • the edge of the first insulating member 23 that exceeds the third insulating member 27 can be understood as the projection of the first insulating member 23 in the plane perpendicular to the first direction X covers the projection of the third insulating member 27 in the plane perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • a gap 24 not occupied by the third insulating member 27 is formed between the portion of the first insulating member 23 that exceeds the edge of the third insulating member 27 and the second wall 212, and the gap 24 is arranged around the third insulating member 27, and the gap 24 is arranged corresponding to the corner area 2151a at the chamfered surface 2151.
  • the edge of the first insulating member 23 protrudes from the third insulating member 27, and a gap 24 not occupied by the third insulating member 27 is still formed between the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing the second wall 212 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • This gap 24 is close to the corner area 2151a of the end of the outer shell 21 away from the first wall 211 along the first direction X, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 22 being squeezed and wrinkled by the corner area 2151a of the end of the outer shell 21 away from the first wall 211.
  • the surface of the third insulating member 27 facing away from the first insulating member 23 can be spaced from the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the surface of the third insulating member 27 facing away from the first insulating member 23 can also abut against the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the provision of the third insulating member 27 can limit the range of movement of the electrode assembly 22 in the housing 21 along the first direction X, which is conducive to improving the stability of the electrical performance of the battery cell 20.
  • the third insulating member 27 and the first insulating member 23 may only be in contact, for example, when the surface of the third insulating member 27 facing away from the first insulating member 23 abuts against the inner surface 2121 of the second wall, the second wall 212 and the first insulating member 23 jointly clamp the third insulating member 27 .
  • the third insulating member 27 is connected to a surface of the first insulating member 23 facing the second wall 212 .
  • the third insulating member 27 may be bonded to the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing the second wall 212 via an adhesive layer, so that the third insulating member 27 is connected and fixed to the surface of the first insulating member 23 facing the second wall 212 .
  • the third insulating member 27 is connected to the first insulating member 23 , which can improve the stability of the third insulating member 27 relative to the first insulating member 23 and reduce the risk of the third insulating member 27 moving between the first insulating member 23 and the second wall 212 .
  • the third insulating member 27 and the first insulating member 23 may also be integrally formed, for example, by injection molding, stamping or other integral forming methods.
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a first electrode tab 221 and a second electrode tab 222 with opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode tab 221 and the second electrode tab 222 are located on a side of the electrode assembly 22 away from the second wall 212 .
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 are the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab mentioned above.
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 are located on the same side of the electrode assembly 22 along the first direction X.
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 are both located on the side of the electrode assembly 22 facing the first wall 211, so that the electrode terminal 25 disposed on the first wall 211 is electrically connected to the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222.
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 are both located on the side of the electrode assembly 22 away from the second wall 212, so that the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 can output the electric energy of the battery cell 20 respectively, and can also reduce the size of the electrode assembly 22 along the first direction X as much as possible.
  • first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 may also be located on the side of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 along the first direction X.
  • the pole ear can extend to the side of the electrode assembly 22 facing the first wall 211 and be electrically connected to the electrode terminal 25.
  • first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 may also have other arrangements, such as one of the first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 is located on the side of the electrode assembly 22 facing the first wall 211, and the other is located on the side of the electrode assembly 22 along the second direction.
  • the electrode assembly 22 further includes a main body 223 , and the first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 both protrude from the main body 223 ;
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a support member 28 , and the support member 28 is disposed between the first wall 211 and the main body 223 .
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet containing active materials constitute the main body 223 of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the support member 28 may be an electrical insulator and is disposed between the first wall 211 and the main body 223 .
  • the support member 28 may support the main body 223 , so that the first wall 211 indirectly supports the main body 223 of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the arrangement of the support member 28 may relieve the stress on the first wall 211 .
  • the support member 28 is disposed between the first wall 211 and the main body 223.
  • the support member 28 is conducive to limiting the position of the electrode assembly 22, and can reduce the risk of the electrode assembly 22 moving in the shell.
  • the support member 28 can also reduce the risk of the pole ear being inserted into the main body 223 backwards, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell 20.
  • the support member 28 supports the main body 223, and the first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 are bent around the edge of the support member 28 to the side of the support member 28 away from the main body 223 and are electrically connected to the electrode terminal 25.
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 protrude from the side of the main body 223 facing the first wall 211.
  • a portion of the first pole tab 221 is located on the side of the support member 28 facing the main body 223, and another portion of the first pole tab 221 is bent around the edge of the support member 28 to the side of the support member 28 facing the first wall 211.
  • the portion of the first pole tab 221 located on the side of the support member 28 facing the first wall 211 is electrically connected to a current collecting member 29, and one of the two electrode terminals 25 is electrically connected to the first pole tab 221 through the current collecting member 29.
  • a portion of the second pole ear 222 is located on the side of the support member 28 facing the main body 223, and another portion of the second pole ear 222 is bent around the edge of the support member 28 to the side of the support member 28 facing the first wall 211.
  • the portion of the second pole ear 222 located on the side of the support member 28 facing the first wall 211 is electrically connected to another current collecting component 29, and the other of the two electrode terminals 25 is electrically connected to the second pole ear 222 through the current collecting component 29.
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 of the same electrode assembly 22 may be bent around the same edge of the support member 28, or may be bent around different edges of the support member 28.
  • the battery cell 20 includes two electrode assemblies 22, the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 of one of the two electrode assemblies 22 are bent around the first edge 281 of the support member 28, and the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 of the other of the two electrode assemblies 22 are bent around the second edge 282 of the support member 28, and the first edge 281 and the second edge 282 are arranged opposite to each other along the stacking direction of the two electrode assemblies 22.
  • the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 are bent around the edge of the support member 28 to the side of the support member 28 away from the main body 223, and the support member 28 can support the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 to prevent the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 from being inserted upside down into the main body 223.
  • the support member 28 supports the main body 223 and can limit the electrode assembly 22 in the shell to alleviate the degree of shaking of the electrode assembly 22 in the shell 21.
  • the first pole ear 221 is formed by stacking and electrically connecting a plurality of pole ears of the same sex, and the first pole ear 221 has a larger size in the area close to the main body 223, that is, the first root area in Figure 12.
  • the first pole ear root area 2211 is located on the side of the support member 28 facing the main body 223.
  • the second pole ear 222 is formed by stacking and electrically connecting a plurality of pole ears of the same sex, and the second pole ear 222 has a larger size in the area close to the main body 223, that is, the second root area in Figure 12.
  • the second pole ear root area 2221 is located on the side of the support member 28 facing the main body 223.
  • the support member 28 has a support surface 283 facing the main body portion 223 and abutting against the main body portion 223, the support surface 283 includes a support portion 2831 and two edge portions 2832, along the width direction of the support member 28, the two edge portions 2832 are respectively connected to the two side edges of the support portion 2831, and the edge portions 2832 are inclined from the support portion 2831 in a direction gradually approaching the first wall 211.
  • the support portion 2831 of the support surface 283 directly abuts against the main body 223.
  • the position of the edge portion 2832 corresponds to the pole ear (the portion located on the support member 28 facing the main body 223, that is, the edge portion 2832 corresponds to the first pole ear root area 2211 and the second pole ear root area 2221.
  • the edge portion 2832 is inclined from the support portion 2831 to the direction gradually approaching the first wall 211, so that the space between the edge portion 2832 and the main body 223 can match the volume of the portion of the pole ear located on the support member 28 facing the main body 223, that is, the space between the edge portion 2832 and the main body 223 can be matched.
  • the space matches the volume of the first pole ear root area 2211 and the volume of the second pole ear root area 2221.
  • the first pole ear root area 2211 and the second pole ear root area 2221 are both against the edge portion 2832 to indirectly against the main body 223.
  • the support portion 2831 and the edge portion 2832 jointly support the main body 223 of the electrode assembly 22, thereby limiting the electrode assembly 22 and limiting the first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 from being inserted into the main body 223.
  • the support portion 2831 can be formed by thinning the side of the support member 28 facing the main body 223 corresponding to the first pole ear root area 2211 and the second pole ear root area 2221.
  • At least one of a pressure relief mechanism 210 and a liquid injection hole 220 is further disposed on the first wall 211 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 210 is used to release the pressure inside the battery cell 20. For example, when the pressure or temperature inside the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold, it is actuated to release the pressure inside the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 210 may be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof disk, an air valve, a pressure relief valve, or a safety valve, and may specifically be a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 210 performs an action or a weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 210 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released.
  • the injection hole 220 is a passage for injecting electrolyte into the battery cell 20 .
  • the first wall 211 may be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 210 without a liquid injection hole 220.
  • the first wall 211 may also be provided with a liquid injection hole 220 without a pressure relief mechanism 210.
  • the first wall 211 may be provided with both a pressure relief mechanism 210 and a liquid injection hole 220.
  • At least one of the pressure relief mechanism 210 and the liquid injection hole 220 is disposed on the first wall 211 , so that the various structures of the battery cell 20 are more concentrated, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing, and is conducive to improving production efficiency.
  • a fourth insulating member 230 is disposed on a side of the first wall 211 facing the electrode assembly 22, and the fourth insulating member 230 is used to insulate and isolate the first wall 211 and the electrode assembly 22.
  • the support member 28 is located between the main body 223 and the fourth insulating member 230.
  • a convex portion 2301 protruding in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed at a position of the fourth insulating member 230 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 210, and a receiving portion 284 is further provided on the surface of the support member 28 facing the first wall 211, and the convex portion 2301 is at least partially received in the receiving portion 284.
  • the convex portion 2301 is received in the receiving portion 284, and the convex portion 2301 cooperates with the receiving portion 284 to limit the support member 28 and prevent the support member 28 from moving in the housing 21.
  • the protrusion 2301 can abut against the bottom surface of the accommodating portion 284, limiting the movement of the support member 28 in the direction away from the main body 223, ensuring that the support member 28 can stably support the main body 223, so that when the battery cell 20 is inverted, the gravity of the main body 223 of the electrode assembly 22 is not easily transmitted to the pole ear, and it is not easy to cause the pole ear to be forked and inserted.
  • a plurality of exhaust holes 285 are provided in the region corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 210 on the support member 28 along the first direction X.
  • the exhaust holes 285 allow the gas inside the battery cell 20 to flow to the pressure relief mechanism 210 through the exhaust holes 285, so that the pressure inside the battery cell 20 is relieved through the pressure relief mechanism 210 when the pressure inside the battery cell 20 reaches the bursting pressure.
  • the plurality of exhaust holes 285 are evenly distributed within the projection range of the pressure relief mechanism 210 on the support member 28, which is conducive to the gas inside the battery cell 20 flowing smoothly through the exhaust holes 285 to the pressure relief mechanism 210.
  • the support member 28 is provided with a through hole 286, and the through hole 286 corresponds to the position of the liquid injection hole 220, so as to facilitate liquid injection.
  • the through hole 286 can be arranged away from the center position of the support member 28, and when the support member 28 is installed on the whole composed of the first wall 211 and the fourth insulating member 230, the through hole 286 can play a foolproof role, and reduce the risk of wrong installation to a certain extent.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery 100, and the battery 100 includes the battery cell 20 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 100 mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells 20 to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery 100 mentioned in the present application may include a battery 100 module or a battery 100 pack.
  • the battery 100 pack generally includes a box 10 for encapsulating one or more battery cells 20.
  • the box 10 can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells 20.
  • a gap 24 is formed between the side of the first insulating member 23 that abuts against the end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall, so that the end of the electrode assembly 22 away from the first wall 211 does not need to be provided with a bottom support plate, that is, the degree of compression and contact between the electrode assembly 22 and the corner area 2151a of the shell 21 away from the electrode terminal 25 can be reduced, and the electrode assembly 22 can even be prevented from being in contact and compressed with the corner area 2151a of the shell 21, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 22 being compressed and wrinkled by the corner area 2151a of the shell 21 due to compression between the electrode assembly 22 and the corner area 2151a of the shell 21, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell 20, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 100.
  • the battery cell 20 is not provided with a bottom support plate, which can also simplify the assembly process of the battery cell 20, improve assembly efficiency
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, and the electric device includes the battery 100 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 100 provides electric energy for the electric device.
  • the battery 100 of the above embodiment has good safety performance, so it can improve the power safety of the electric device equipped with the battery 100.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 , which includes a housing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , a first insulating member 23 , a second insulating member 26 , and a support member 28 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21 .
  • the housing 21 includes a first wall 211, a second wall 212, a side wall 213 and a connecting wall 215.
  • the second wall 212, the side wall 213 and the connecting wall 215 are integrally formed.
  • the inner surface of the connecting wall 215 is a chamfered surface 2151, and the chamfered surface 2151 is a circular arc chamfered surface 2151.
  • the inner surface 2121 of the second wall and the inner surface 2131 of the side wall are connected by the chamfered surface 2151 and are tangent to the chamfered surface 2151.
  • An opening 214 is formed at one end of the side wall 213 away from the second wall 212.
  • the first wall 211 covers the opening 214 and supports the electrode assembly 22.
  • the first wall 211 and the second wall 212 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction X.
  • the first wall 211 is also provided with a pressure relief mechanism 210, a liquid injection hole 220 and two electrode terminals 25.
  • the first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 of the electrode assembly 22 both protrude from the side of the main body 223 of the electrode assembly 22 facing the first wall 211.
  • the support member 28 is located between the main body 223 and the first wall 211, and the support member 28 supports the main body 223.
  • the first pole ear 221 and the second pole ear 222 are bent around the edge of the support member 28 to the side of the support member 28 away from the main body 223.
  • the first insulating member 23 is connected to one end of the electrode assembly 22 facing the second wall 212 to insulate and isolate the second wall 212 and the electrode assembly 22.
  • the second insulating member 26 is arranged around the outer periphery of the electrode assembly 22 to insulate and isolate the electrode assembly 22 and the side wall 213.
  • the second insulating member 26 and the first insulating member 23 are integrally formed.
  • a gap 24 is formed between the surface of the first insulating member 23 away from the electrode assembly 22 and the inner surface 2121 of the second wall.
  • the size of the chamfered surface 2151 is H
  • the size of the gap 24 is H 1 , satisfying H 1 ⁇ H/2.

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Abstract

提供了一种电池单体（20）、电池（100）及用电设备，涉及电池技术领域。电池单体（20）包括外壳（21）、电极组件（22）和第一绝缘件（23）；外壳（21）包括沿第一方向（X）相对设置的第一壁（211）和第二壁（212），第一壁（211）设有电极端子（25）；电极组件（22）容纳于外壳（21）内，电极组件（22）与电极端子（25）电连接，第一壁（211）支撑电极组件（22）；第一绝缘件（23）抵靠于电极组件（22）面向第二壁（212）的一端；沿第一方向（X），第一绝缘件（23）背离电极组件（22）的表面和第二壁（212）的内表面之间形成有间隙（24）。电池单体（20）相对传统的电池单体处于倒置状态，间隙（24）降低了电极组件（22）的极片被外壳（21）的拐角区域（2151a）挤压打皱的风险，可以不需要设置底托板即可以减缓电极组件（22）与外壳（21）的拐角区域（2151a）挤压的程度或者使得电极组件（22）不与外壳（21）的拐角区域（2151a）接触挤压，从而降低电池单体（20）短路的风险。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
目前，智能手机、平板电脑和电动汽车等的迅猛发展，锂离子电池的应用也日益广泛，因此对锂离子电池也提出了更高的要求。比如，要求电池具有更好的安全性能，而电池的内部短路是导致用电安全问题的主要原因之一。
电池短路会产生过多的电热，产生高温，可能会造成火灾，也可能会烧坏用电器，使得财产和生命安全受到威胁。因此，如何降低电池短路的风险成为电池技术领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，以降低电池短路的风险。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件和第一绝缘件；所述外壳包括沿第一方向相对设置的第一壁和第二壁，所述第一壁设有电极端子；所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件与所述电极端子电连接，所述第一壁支撑所述电极组件；所述第一绝缘件抵靠于所述电极组件面向所述第二壁的一端，以绝缘隔离所述第二壁和所述电极组件；沿所述第一方向，所述第一绝缘件背离所述电极组件的表面和所述第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙。
上述技术方案中，设有电极端子的第一壁支撑电极组件，则本方案的电池单体相对传统的电池单体处于倒置状态，即电极端子朝下，电极组件在重力作用下整体被第一壁支撑，重力作用并结合电极组件的制造公差，抵靠于电极组件面向第二壁的一端的第一绝缘件背离电极组件的一侧与第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙，间隙降低了电极组件的极片被外壳背离第一壁一端的拐角区域挤压打皱的风险，使得电极组件背离第一壁的一端可以不需要设置底托板即可以减缓电极组件与外壳背离电极端子一侧的拐角区域挤压接触的程度甚至能使得电极组件不与外壳的拐角区域接触挤压，从而降低因电极组件和外壳的拐角区域挤压而导致电极组件的极片因与外壳的拐角区域挤压打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体短路的风险。此外，若是电池单体不设置底托板，还可以简化电池单体的组装工序、提高组装效率、节约电池单体的成本以及减轻电池单体的重量。第一绝缘件绝缘隔离第二壁和电极组件，不仅能够降低电极组件和第二壁接触导致电池单体短路的风险，还能降低电极组件的金属离子到达第二壁引起第二壁电化学腐蚀的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述外壳还包括侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述第二壁的外周，沿所述第一方向，所述第二壁位于所述侧壁的一端，所述侧壁的另一端形成开口，所述第一壁封闭所述开口，所述第二壁的内表面和所述侧壁的内表面通过倒角面连接。
上述技术方案中，第二壁的内表面和侧壁的内表面通过倒角面连接，便于第二壁和侧壁连接形成外壳，降低第二壁和侧壁之间出现应力集中的风险，提高外壳的结构强度。倒角面形成外壳背离第一壁一端的拐角区域，由于第一绝缘件背离电极组件的表面和第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙，以使电极组件因与倒角面挤压而导致电极组件的极片打皱的风险降低，从而降低电池单体短路的风险，提高电池单体及具备该电池单体的电池的安全性能。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述倒角面的尺寸为H，所述间隙的尺寸为H 1，满足H 1≥H/2。
上述技术方案中，在第一方向上，倒角面在的尺寸H，第一绝缘件和第二壁的内表面之间的距离H 1满足，H 1≥H/2，以避免电极组件被倒角面挤压或者减小电极组件被倒角面挤压的程度，从而缓解因电极组件被倒角面挤压导致极片打皱的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，H 1≥H。
上述技术方案中，H 1≥H，则电极组件沿垂直第一方向的方向的投影与倒角面错开，第一绝缘件完全避开倒角面设置，电极组件和第一绝缘件均可以不与倒角面接触，从而极片不会被倒角面挤压打皱，避免电池单体因极片被倒角面挤压打皱而短路。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述倒角面为圆弧倒角面。
上述技术方案中，倒角面为圆弧倒角面，既能避免引起应力集中，还方便加工成型。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述第二壁的内表面与所述倒角面相切；和/或，所述侧壁的内表面与所述倒角面相切。
上述技术方案中，第二壁的内表面与倒角面相切，则第二壁的内表面和倒角面的连接位置没有棱边，能够避免第二壁的内表面和倒角面的连接位置对第一绝缘件刮蹭而导致第一绝缘件出现较大磨损；和/或，侧壁的内表面与倒角面相切，则侧壁的内表面和倒角面的连接位置没有棱边，能够避免侧壁的内表面和倒角面的连接位置对第一绝缘件和电极组件产生刮蹭而导致第一绝缘件出现较大磨损和电极组件的隔离膜被刮破。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述侧壁和所述第二壁一体成型。
上述技术方案中，侧壁和第二壁一体成型，方便外壳制造成型，还有利于提高外壳的结构强度。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件至少一部分设置于所述侧壁和所述电极组件之间，所述第二绝缘件被配置为绝缘隔离所述侧壁和所述电极组件。
上述技术方案中，第二绝缘件绝缘隔离侧壁和电极组件，不仅能够降低电极组件和侧壁接触导致电池单体短路的风险，还能降低电极组件的金属离子到达侧壁引起侧壁电化学腐蚀的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述第一绝缘件和所述第二绝缘件一体成型。
上述技术方案中，第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件一体成型，第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件之间具有更好的连接强度。第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件形成的整体结构能够更好的在电极组件和外壳之间起到绝缘隔离作用，进一步降低电池单体短路的风险。
在本申请第一方向的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括第三绝缘件，沿所述第一方向，所述第三绝缘件抵靠于所述第一绝缘件面向所述第二壁的一侧，沿垂直所述第一方向的方向，所述第一绝缘件的凸出所述第三绝缘件的边缘。
上述技术方案中，沿垂直第一方向的方向，第一绝缘件的凸出第三绝缘件的边缘，则第一绝缘件面向第二壁的表面和第二壁的内表面之间任然形成未被第三绝缘件占用的间隙，这部分间隙靠近外壳沿第一方向远离第一壁的一端的拐角区域，降低了电极组件的极片被外壳背离第一壁一端的拐角区域挤压打皱的风险。第三绝缘件的设置，能够限制电极组件在外壳内的沿第一方向窜动的范围，有利于提高电池单体的电性能的稳定性。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述第三绝缘件连接于所述第一绝缘件面向所述第二壁的表面。
上述技术方案中，第三绝缘件连接于第一绝缘件，能够提高第三绝缘件相对第一绝缘件的稳定性，降低第三绝缘件在第一绝缘件和第二壁之间活动的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳位于所述电极组件背离所述第二壁的一侧。
上述技术方案中，第一极耳和第二极耳均位于电极组件背离第二壁的一侧，便于第一极耳和第二极耳分别输出电池单体的电能，还能尽可能减小电极组件沿第一方向的尺寸。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述电极组件还包括主体部，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳均凸出于所述主体部；所述电池单体还包括支撑件，所述支撑件设置于所述第一壁和所述主体部之间。
上述技术方案中，支撑件设置于第一壁和主体部之间，支撑件有利于对电极组件限位，能够减小电极组件在壳体内窜动的风险。在第一极耳和第二极耳均凸出于主体部面向第一壁的情况下，支撑件还能降低极耳倒插入主体部的风险，从而降低电池单体短路的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述支撑件支撑所述主体部，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳均绕所述支撑件的边缘弯折至所述支撑件背离所述主体部的一侧并与所述电极端子电连接。
上述技术方案中，支撑件支撑主体部能够在壳体内对电极组件起到限位作用，以缓解电极组件在外壳内晃动的程度。第一极耳和第二极耳绕着支撑件的边缘弯折至支撑件背离主体部的一侧，支撑件能够对第一极耳和第二极耳起到支撑作用，防止第一极耳和第二极耳倒插至主体部。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，所述第一壁上还设置有泄压机构和注液孔中的至少一者。
上述技术方案中，泄压机构和注液孔中的至少一者设置于第一壁，以使电池单体各个结构更为集中，便于加工制造，有利于提高生产效率。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池，包括第一方面实施例提供的电池单体。
上述技术方案中，第一方面实施例提供的电池单体，因抵靠于电极组件面向第二壁的一端的第一绝缘件背离电极组件的一侧与第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙，使得电极组件背离第一壁的一端可以不需要设置底托板即可以减缓电极组件与外壳背离电极端子一侧的拐角区域挤压接触的程度甚至能使得电极组件不与外壳的拐角区域接触挤压，从而降低因电极组件和外壳的拐角区域挤压而导致电极组件的极片因与外壳的拐角区域挤压打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体短路的风险，从而提高电池的安全性能。电池单体不设置底托板，还可以简化电池单体的组装工序、提高组装效率、节约电池单体的成本以及减轻电池单体的重量，从而减轻电池的重量。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括第二方面实施例提供的电池。
上述技术方案中，第二方面的电池安全性能较好，因此能够提高具备该电池的用电设备的用电安全。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为相关技术中提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图2为图1中的电池单体的分解图；
图3为图中A-A向的剖视图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的分解图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解图；
图8为图6中B-B向的剖视图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图10为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图11为图10中C处的放大图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图13为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解图；
图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图15为图14中D处的放大图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20'、20-电池单体；21'、21-外壳；211'、211-第一壁；212'、212-第二壁；2121-第二壁的内表面；2122-第二壁的外表面；213'、213-侧壁；2131-侧壁的内表面；2132-侧壁的外表面；214'、214-开口；215-连接壁；2151-倒角面；2151a'、2151a-拐角区域；21511-第一端；21512-第二端；2152-连接壁的外表面；22'、22-电极组件；221-第一极耳；2211-第一极耳根部区域；222-第二极耳；2221-第二极耳根部区域；223-主体部；23'、23-第一绝缘件；24-间隙；25'、25-电极端子；26-第二绝缘件；27-第三绝缘件；28-支撑件；281-第一边缘；282-第二边缘；283-支撑面；2831-支撑部；2832-边缘部；284-容纳部；285-排气孔；286-通孔；29-集流构件；210-泄压机构；220-注液孔；230-第四绝缘件；2301-凸部；30'-底托板；200-控制器；300-马达；X-第一方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，指示方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，或者是本领域技术人员惯常理解的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体可以是钢壳电池单体或者软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
如图1、图2、图3所示，电池单体20'包括外壳21'和电极组件22'，电极组件22'容纳于外壳21'内。外壳21'包括第一壁211'、第二壁212'和侧壁213'，第一壁211'设有电极端子25'，电极端子25'用于与电极组件22'的极耳电连接。侧壁213'围设于第二壁212'的外周，第二壁212'位于侧 壁213'的一端，侧壁213'的另一端形成开口214'，第二壁212'支撑电极组件22'，电极组件22'面向第二壁212'的一端连接有第一绝缘件23'，第一绝缘件23'能够绝缘隔离电极组件22'和第二壁212'。
发明人发现，由于侧壁213'和第二壁212'之间形成有拐角区域2151a'，拐角区域2151a'空间异形，在重力作用下，电极组件22'会22'向拐角区域2151a'下沉，使得电极组件22'可能会被拐角区域2151a'挤压而导致电极组件22'的极片打皱，从而引起电池单体20'短路。为了缓解拐角区域2151a'对电极组件22'挤压导致极片打皱的问题，可以在抵靠于电极组件22'的面向第二壁212'的一端的第一绝缘件23'和第二壁212'之间设置底托板30'，通过底托板30'将第一绝缘件23'和第二壁212'之间的距离增大，从而将电极组件22'和第二壁212'之间的距离增大，降低拐角区域2151a'挤压电极组件22'导致极片打皱的风险。但是底托板30'的设置增加了电池单体20'的组装工序、降低了电池单体20'的组装效率、增加了电池单体20'的成本以及增加了电池单体20'的重量。
基于上述考虑，为了缓解底托板的设置增加了电池单体的组装工序、降低了电池单体的组装效率、增加了电池单体的成本以及增加了电池单体的重量的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，电池单体通过设置有电极端子的第一壁支撑电极组件，抵靠于电极组件面向第二壁的一端的第一绝缘件和第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙。
设有电极端子的第一壁支撑电极组件，则本方案的电池单体相对传统的电池单体处于倒置状态，即电极端子朝下，电极组件在重力作用下整体被第一壁支撑，重力作用并结合电极组件的制造公差，抵靠于电极组件面向第二壁的一端的第一绝缘件背离电极组件的一侧与第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙，间隙降低了电极组件的极片被外壳背离第一壁一端的拐角区域挤压打皱的风险，使得电极组件背离第一壁的一端可以不需要设置底托板即可以减缓电极组件与外壳背离电极端子一侧的拐角区域挤压接触的程度甚至能使得电极组件不与外壳的拐角区域接触挤压，从而降低因电极组件和外壳的拐角区域挤压而导致电极组件的极片因与外壳的拐角区域挤压打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体短路的风险。
此外，若是电池单体不设置底托板，还可以简化电池单体的组装工序、提高组装效率、节约电池单体的成本以及减轻电池单体的重量。
第一绝缘件绝缘隔离第二壁和电极组件，不仅能够降低电极组件和第二壁接触导致电池单体短路的风险，还能降低电极组件22的金属离子到达第二壁引起第二壁电化学腐蚀的风险。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。还可以用于具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电设备的电源系统，这样，有利于降低电池单体因极片打皱的而引起电池单体短路的风险，还有利于减轻具备该电池单体的电池的重量和具备电池的用电设备的重量。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和 电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口以形成容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口以形成容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图6、图7、图8，在一些实施例中，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22和第一绝缘件23；外壳21包括沿第一方向X相对设置的第一壁211和第二壁212，第一壁211设有电极端子25；电极组件22容纳于外壳21内，电极组件22与电极端子25电连接，第一壁211支撑电极组件22；第一绝缘件23抵靠于电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端，以绝缘隔离第二壁212和电极组件22；沿第一方向X，第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面和第二壁的内表面2121之间形成有间隙24。
外壳21内部形成有容纳电极组件22的空间。外壳21的材质可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。第一壁211和第二壁212为外壳21沿第一方向X相对的两个壁。第一方向X与第一壁211的厚度方向平行。第一方向X与第二壁212的厚度方向平行。
第一方向X可以是重力方向。第一方向X也可以是与重力方向大致平行的方向，即第一方向X可以允许与重力方向偏离一定角度。第一壁211支撑电极组件22是指第一壁211直接或者间接的承受电极组件22的重力。第一壁211可以承受电极组件22的全部重力，也可以承受电极组件22的一部分重力。在第一方向X为重力方向的实施例中，第一壁211可以承受电极组件22的全部重力。在第一方向X偏离重力方向一定角度的实施例中，第一壁211可以仅承受电极组件22的部分重力，第一壁211承受的电极组件22的部分重力是电极组件22的重力在第一方向X上的分力。
电极组件22由正极片(图中未示出)、负极片(图中未示出)和隔离膜(图中未示出)组成。电池100主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间来回移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面。在一些实施例中，正极集流体还具有未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。在另一些实施例中，正极耳也可以是与正极集流体分体设置，再电连接的结构。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面。在一些实施例中，负极集流体还具有未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。在另一些实施例中，负极耳也可以是与负极集流体分体设置，再电连接的结构。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。正极耳和负极耳分别为后文所述的第一极耳221(图10中示出)和第二极耳222(图10中示出)。
正极耳和负极耳可以位于电极组件22沿第一方向X的同侧，也可以位于电极组件22的不同侧，比如正极耳和负极耳分别位于电极组件22沿第一方向X相对的两侧。
隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件22可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电极端子25是用于输出电池单体20电能的功能性部件。电极端子25绝缘设置于第一壁211。沿第一方向X，电极端子25背离电池单体20内部的一端可以凸出于第一壁211背离电池单体20的内部的表面。当然，在另一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，电极端子25背离电池单体20内部的一端可以与第一壁211背离电池单体20的内部的表面平齐或者电极端子25背离电池单体20内部的一端相对第一壁211背离电池单体20的内部的表面更靠近电池单体20的内部。
电极端子25用于与电极组件22的极耳电连接。电池单体20的可以包括一个电极端子25，第一壁211上则设置一个电极端子25，正极耳和负极耳中的一者与该电极端子25电连接，另一者可以与外壳21电连接。单体可以包括两个电极端子25，则第一壁211上可以设置两个电极端子25，两个电极端子25分别用于与正极耳和负极耳电连接。
第一绝缘件23可以是橡胶、陶瓷、玻璃、云母等。第一绝缘件23可以是粘接、捆绑连接等方式连接在电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端，以绝缘隔离第二壁212和电极组件22。第一绝缘件23也仅在电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端接触，并保持于电极组件22接触的状态，以绝缘隔离第二壁212和电极组件22。
电池单体20可以包括一个电极组件22，也可以包括沿第二方向堆叠布置的多个电极组件22，第二方向可以是垂直第一方向X的任意方向。在电池单体20包括多个电极组件22的实施例中，第一绝缘件23覆盖每个电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端。
沿第一方向X，第一绝缘件23背面电极组件22的表面和第二壁的内表面2121之间的距离H 1为第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面和第二壁的内表面2121之间形成间隙24的尺寸。间隙24并不意味着间隙24内没有任何物质，间隙24可以容纳电解液。
当将该电池单体20调转180°，第一绝缘件23和第二壁212之间的间隙24消失，第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面和第二壁的内表面2121接触，第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面和第二壁的内表面2121之间不存在距离，第二壁212支撑电极组件22。
第一绝缘件23绝缘隔离第二壁212和电极组件22，不仅能够降低电极组件22和第二壁212接触导致电池单体20短路的风险，还能降低电极组件22的金属离子到达第二壁212引起第二壁212电化学腐蚀的风险。
设有电极端子25的第一壁211支撑电极组件22，则本方案的电池单体20相对传统的电池单体20处于倒置状态，即电极端子25朝下，电极组件22在重力作用下整体被第一壁211支撑，重力作用并结合电极组件22的制造公差，抵靠于电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端的第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的一侧与第二壁的内表面2121之间形成间隙24，间隙24降低了电极组件22的极片被外壳21背离第一壁211一端的拐角区域2151a挤压打皱的风险，使得电极组件22背离第一壁211的一端可以不需要设置底托板即可以减缓电极组件22与外壳21背离电极端子25一侧的拐角区域2151a挤压接触的程度甚至能使得电极组件22不与外壳21的拐角区域2151a接触挤压，从而降低因电极组件22和外壳21的拐角区域2151a挤压而导致电极组件22的极片因与外壳21的拐角区域2151a挤压打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体20短路的风险。此外，若是电池单体20不设置底托板，还可以简化电池单体20的组装工序、提高组装效率、节约电池单体20的成本以及减轻电池单体20的重量。
如图7、图8所示，在一些实施例中，外壳21还包括侧壁213，侧壁213围设于第二壁212的外周，沿第一方向X，第二壁212位于侧壁213的一端，侧壁213的另一端形成开口214，第一壁211封闭开口214，第二壁的内表面2121和侧壁的内表面2131通过倒角面2151连接。
外壳21还包括连接壁215，侧壁213和第二壁212通过连接壁215相连。第二壁的外表面2122和侧壁的外表面2132通过连接壁的外表面2152连接。倒角面2151为连接壁215的内表面。
第二壁的内表面2121和侧壁的内表面2131通过倒角面2151连接，便于第二壁212和侧壁213连接形成外壳21，降低第二壁212和侧壁213之间出现应力集中的风险，提高外壳21的结构强度。倒角面2151形成外壳21背离第一壁211一端的拐角区域2151a，由于第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面和第二壁的内表面2121之间形成间隙24，以使电极组件22因与倒角面2151挤压而导致电极组件22的极片打皱的风险降低，从而降低电池单体20短路的风险，提高电池单体20及具备该电池单体20的电池100的安全性能。
如图8、图9所示，在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，倒角面2151的尺寸为H，间隙24的尺寸为H 1，满足H 1≥H/2。
倒角面2151具有第一端21511部和第二端21512部，第一端21511部与第一壁211的内表面连接，第二端21512部与侧壁的内表面2131连接。沿第一方向X，倒角面2151的尺寸H为第一端21511部和第二端21512部沿第一方向X的距离。
沿第一方向X，间隙24的尺寸H 1为第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面与第二壁的内表面2121之间的距离。
如图8、图9所示，沿第一方向X，越靠近第二壁的内表面2121，倒角面2151对应位置的空间在第二方向的尺寸越小，则第一绝缘件23与倒角面2151挤压的风险越大。若第一绝缘件23被倒角面2151挤压，由于第一绝缘件23连接于与电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端，则电极组件22也会间接受到挤压。且在充放电过程中电极组件22可以沿垂直第一方向X的任意方向(第二方向)膨胀，则膨胀后的电极组件22被倒角面2151挤压的风险进一步增大。电极组件22的极片因挤压打皱的风险也较大，尤其是在正极片被挤压打皱的情况下，电池单体20出现析锂、短路的风险会大大增加。
因此，在第一方向X上，倒角面2151在的尺寸H，第一绝缘件23和第二壁的内表面2121之间的距离H 1满足，H 1≥H/2，以避免电极组件22被倒角面2151挤压或者减小电极组件22被倒角面2151挤压的程度，从而缓解因电极组件22被倒角面2151挤压导致极片打皱的风险。
在一些实施例中，H 1≥H。在这种情况下，第一绝缘件23和电极组件22完全位于倒角面2151沿第一方向X背离第二壁的内表面2121的一侧。沿垂直第一方向X的方向(第二方向)，电极组件22和第一绝缘件23形成的整体结构在侧壁的内表面2131上的投影与倒角面2151在侧壁的内表面2131所在的平面上的投影错开，第一绝缘件23和膨胀前后的电极组件22均不会与倒角面2151挤压。
因此，H 1≥H，则电极组件22沿垂直第一方向X的方向的投影与倒角面2151错开，第一绝缘件23完全避开倒角面2151设置，电极组件22和第一绝缘件23均可以不与倒角面2151接触，从而极片不会被倒角面2151挤压打皱，避免电池单体20因极片被倒角面2151挤压打皱而短路。
如图8所示，在一些实施例中，倒角面2151可以是倒角斜面。这种实施例中，倒角面2151为锥面，倒角面2151沿第二壁的内表面2121的边缘延伸形成闭环面，倒角面2151的第一端21511为锥面的小端，并与第二壁的内表面2121相连，倒角面2151的第二端21512为锥面的大端，并与侧壁的内表面2131相连。倒角面2151为倒角斜面可以避免引起应力集中。
如图9所示，在另一些实施例中，倒角面2151为圆弧倒角面2151。这种情况下，倒角面2151从电池单体20内部向外凸。倒角面2151沿第二壁的内表面2121的边缘延伸形成闭环面。倒角面2151为圆弧倒角面2151，既能避免引起应力集中，还方便加工成型。
在倒角面2151为圆弧倒角面2151的实施例中，第二壁的内表面2121与倒角面2151相切；和/或，侧壁的内表面2131与倒角面2151相切。
可以仅第二壁的内表面2121与倒角面2151相切，侧壁的内表面2131与倒角面2151相连但不相切。第二壁的内表面2121与倒角面2151相切，则第二壁的内表面2121和倒角面2151的连接位置没有棱边，能够避免第二壁的内表面2121和倒角面2151的连接位置形成棱边对第一绝缘件23刮蹭而导致第一绝缘件23出现较大磨损。
可以仅侧壁的内表面2131与倒角面2151相切，第二壁的内表面2121与倒角面2151相连但不相切。侧壁的内表面2131与倒角面2151相切，则侧壁的内表面2131和倒角面2151的连接位置没有棱边，能够避免侧壁的内表面2131和倒角面2151的连接位置形成棱边对第一绝缘件23和电极组件22产生刮蹭而导致第一绝缘件23出现较大磨损和电极组件22的隔离膜被刮破。
当然，也可以是第二壁的内表面2121和侧壁的内表面2131均与倒角面2151相切。这样第二壁的内表面2121和倒角面2151的连接位置，以及车壁的内表面和倒角面2151的连接位置均不会形成棱边，不会对第一绝缘件23和电极组件22产生刮蹭，降低第一绝缘件23和电极组件22在外壳21内被磨损的风险。
在一些实施例中，侧壁213和第二壁212一体成型。
侧壁213和第二壁212一体成型，实际上是侧壁213、第二壁212和连接壁215一体成型。侧壁213、第二壁212和连接壁215采用一体成型方法形成整体结构。一体成型包括但不限于浇铸、冲压等。
侧壁213和第二壁212一体成型，方便外壳21制造成型，还有利于提高外壳21的结构强度。
请继续参照图7-图9，在一些实施例中，电池单体20还包括第二绝缘件26，第二绝缘件26至少一部分设置于侧壁213和电极组件22之间，第二绝缘件26被配置为绝缘隔离侧壁213和电极组件22。
第二绝缘件26可以是橡胶、陶瓷、玻璃、云母等。
第二绝缘件26可以连接于侧壁的内表面2131，比如第一绝缘件23为粘接于侧壁的内表面2131绝缘层，或者第二绝缘件26为涂覆于侧壁的内表面2131的绝缘涂层。第二绝缘件26可以全部位于侧壁213和电极组件22之间，也可以仅一部分位于侧壁213和电极组件22之间。
第二绝缘件26也可以连接于电极组件22，比如第二绝缘件26粘接于电极组件22，或者第二绝缘件26被捆绑于电极组件22。
在电池单体20包括一个电极组件22的实施例中，第二绝缘件26可以围设于该电极组件22的外周。
在电池单体20包括沿第二方向堆叠的多个电极组件22的实施例中，第二绝缘件26可以围设于多个电极组件22形成的整体结构的外周。
第二绝缘件26绝缘隔离侧壁213和电极组件22，不仅能够降低电极组件22和侧壁213接触导致电池单体20短路的风险，还能降低电极组件22的金属离子到达侧壁213引起侧壁213电化学腐蚀的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26可以彼此独立。在另一些实施例中，第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26可以分体设置，再连接为整体结构，连接方式可以是粘接、熔接等。
在又一些实施例中，第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26一体成型。
第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26采用一体成型方法形成整体结构，一体成型方法包括但不限于注塑、冲压。
第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26共同围成一个容纳电极组件22的空腔，该空腔面向第一壁211的一侧开放，电极组件22的正极耳和负极耳从空腔的开放侧延伸出第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26围成的空腔。
第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26一体成型，第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26之间具有更好的连接强度。第一绝缘件23和第二绝缘件26形成的整体结构能够更好的在电极组件22和外壳21之间起到绝缘隔离作用，进一步降低电池单体20短路的风险。
由于第一绝缘件23面向第二壁212的表面和第二壁212的内表面之间形成的间隙24并不是不能容纳任何物质。因此，如图10、图11所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体20还包括第三绝缘 件27，沿第一方向X，第三绝缘件27抵靠于第一绝缘件23面向第二壁212的一侧，沿垂直第一方向X的方向，第一绝缘件23的超出第三绝缘件27的边缘。
第三绝缘件27可以是橡胶、陶瓷、玻璃、云母等。
沿垂直第一方向X的方向，第一绝缘件23的超出第三绝缘件27的边缘，可以理解为，第一绝缘件23在垂直第一方向X的平面内的投影覆盖第三绝缘件27在垂直第一方向X的平面内的投影。第一绝缘件23超出第三绝缘件27的边缘的部分和第二壁212之间形成有未被第三绝缘件27占用的间隙24，该间隙24环绕第三绝缘件27设置，该间隙24对应倒角面2151处的拐角区域2151a设置。
因此，沿垂直第一方向X的方向，第一绝缘件23的凸出第三绝缘件27的边缘，则第一绝缘件23面向第二壁212的表面和第二壁的内表面2121之间任然形成未被第三绝缘件27占用的间隙24，这部分间隙24靠近外壳21沿第一方向X远离第一壁211的一端的拐角区域2151a，降低了电极组件22的极片被外壳21背离第一壁211一端的拐角区域2151a挤压打皱的风险。
沿第一方向X，第三绝缘件27背离第一绝缘件23的表面可以与第二壁的内表面2121间隔设置。沿第一方向X，第三绝缘件27背离第一绝缘件23的表面也可以与第二壁的内表面2121相抵靠。第三绝缘件27的设置，能够限制电极组件22在外壳21内的沿第一方向X窜动的范围，有利于提高电池单体20的电性能的稳定性。
第三绝缘件27和第一绝缘件23可以仅接触，比如第三绝缘件27背离第一绝缘件23的表面和第二壁的内表面2121相抵靠的情况下，第二壁212和第一绝缘件23共同夹持第三绝缘件27。
在一些实施例中，第三绝缘件27连接于第一绝缘件23面向第二壁212的表面。
比如，第三绝缘件27可以通过粘接层粘接于第一绝缘件23面向第二壁212的表面，从而实现第三绝缘件27连接固定于第一绝缘件23面向第二壁212的表面。
第三绝缘件27连接于第一绝缘件23，能够提高第三绝缘件27相对第一绝缘件23的稳定性，降低第三绝缘件27在第一绝缘件23和第二壁212之间活动的风险。
在另一些实施例中，第三绝缘件27和第一绝缘件23也可以一体成型，比如通过注塑、冲压等一体成型的方式形成。
如图12、图13所示，在一些实施例中，电极组件22包括极性相反的第一极耳221和第二极耳222，沿第一方向X，第一极耳221和第二极耳222位于电极组件22背离第二壁212的一侧。
第一极耳221和第二极耳222即为前文所述的正极耳和负极耳。第一极耳221和第二极耳222位于电极组件22沿第一方向X的同侧。在本实施例中，第一极耳221和第二极耳222均位于电极组件22面向第一壁211的一侧，以便于设置于第一壁211上的电极端子25与第一极耳221和第二极耳222电连接。
第一极耳221和第二极耳222均位于电极组件22背离第二壁212的一侧，便于第一极耳221和第二极耳222分别输出电池单体20的电能，还能尽可能减小电极组件22沿第一方向X的尺寸。
当然，在另一些实施例中，第一极耳221和第二极耳222也可以位于电极组件22沿第一方向X面向第二壁212的一侧，这种情况下，极耳可以延伸至电极组件22面向第一壁211的一侧与电极端子25电连接。
当然，在另一些实施例中，第一极耳221和第二极耳222也可以有其他的布置方式，比如第一极耳221和第二极耳222中的一者位于电极组件22面向第一壁211的一侧，另一者位于电极组件22沿第二方向的一侧。
请继续参照图12、图13，在一些实施例中，电极组件22还包括主体部223，第一极耳221和第二极耳222均凸出于主体部223；电池单体20还包括支撑件28，支撑件28设置于第一壁211和主体部223之间。
正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件22的主体部223。
支撑件28可以为电绝缘件。支撑件28设置于第一壁211和主体部223之间，支撑件28可以支撑主体部223，从而使得第一壁211间接支撑电极组件22的主体部223，支撑件28的设置能够缓解第一壁211的受力。
支撑件28设置于第一壁211和主体部223之间，支撑件28有利于对电极组件22限位，能够减小电极组件22在壳体内窜动的风险。在第一极耳221和第二极耳222均凸出于主体部223面向第一壁211的情况下，支撑件28还能降低极耳倒插入主体部223的风险，从而降低电池单体20短路的风险。
如图13、图14、图15所示，在一些实施例中，支撑件28支撑主体部223，第一极耳221和第二极耳222均绕支撑件28的边缘弯折至支撑件28背离主体部223的一侧并与电极端子25电连接。
第一极耳221和第二极耳222凸出与主体部223面向第一壁211的一侧。沿第一方向X，第一极耳221的一部分位于支撑件28面向主体部223的一侧，第一极耳221的另一部分绕支撑件28的边缘弯折至支撑件28面向第一壁211的一侧，第一极耳221位于支撑件28面向第一壁211的一侧的部分与一个集流构件29电连接，两个电极端子25中的一者通过该集流构件29与第一极耳221电连接。沿第一方向X，第二极耳222的一部分位于支撑件28面向主体部223的一侧，第二极耳222的另一部分绕支撑件28的边缘弯折至支撑件28面向第一壁211的一侧，第二极耳222位于支撑件28面向第一壁211的一侧的部分与另一个集流构件29电连接，两个电极端子25中的另一者通过该集流构件29与第二极耳222电连接。
同一个电极组件22的第一极耳221和第二极耳222可以绕支撑件28的同一个边缘弯折，也可以绕支撑件28不同的边缘弯折。在图13-图14中，电池单体20的包括两个电极组件22，两个电极组件22中的一者的第一极耳221和第二极耳222绕支撑件28的第一边缘281弯折，两个电极组件22中的另一者的第一极耳221和第二极耳222绕支撑件28的第二边缘282弯折，第一边缘281和第二边缘282沿两个电极组件22的堆叠方向相对布置。
第一极耳221和第二极耳222绕着支撑件28的边缘弯折至支撑件28背离主体部223的一侧，支撑件28能够对第一极耳221和第二极耳222起到支撑作用，防止第一极耳221和第二极耳222倒插至主体部223。支撑件28支撑主体部223能够在壳体内对电极组件22起到限位作用，以缓解电极组件22在外壳21内晃动的程度。
如图12、图13、图15所示，第一极耳221是由多个同性极耳层叠后电连接后形成，则第一极耳221在靠近主体部223的区域具有较大的尺寸，即图12中的第一根部区域，在第一极耳221绕支撑件28的边缘弯折后，如图15所示，第一极耳根部区域2211位于支撑件28面向主体部223的一侧。同样地，第二极耳222是由多个同性极耳层叠后电连接后形成，则第二极耳222在靠近主体部223的区域具有较大的尺寸，即图12中的第二根部区域，在第二极耳222绕支撑件28的边缘弯折后，如图15所示，第二极耳根部区域2221位于支撑件28面向主体部223的一侧。
如图15所示，在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，支撑件28具有面向主体部223且与主体部223相抵的支撑面283，支撑面283包括支撑部2831和两个边缘部2832，沿支撑件28的宽度方向，两个边缘部2832分别连接于支撑部2831的两侧边，边缘部2832从支撑部2831向逐渐靠近第一壁211的方向倾斜。
支撑面283的支撑部2831直接与主体部223相抵。边缘部2832的位置与极耳(位于支撑件28面向主体部223的部分对应，即边缘部2832于第一极耳根部区域2211和第二极耳根部区域2221对应。边缘部2832从支撑部2831向逐渐靠近第一壁211的方向倾斜，能够使得边缘部2832和主体部223之间的空间与极耳位于支撑件28面向主体部223的部分的体积匹配，即能够使得边缘部2832和主体部223之间的空间与第一极耳根部区域2211的体积和第二极耳根部区域2221的体积匹配。第一极耳根部区域2211和第二极耳根部区域2221均与边缘部2832相抵，以与主体部223间接相抵。支撑部2831和边缘部2832共同支撑电极组件22的主体部223，从而对电极组件22限位，并限制第一极耳221和第二极耳222倒插入主体部223。支撑部2831可以通过削薄支撑件 28面向主体部223的一侧与第一极耳根部区域2211和第二极耳根部区域2221对应的位置形成。
在一些实施例中，第一壁211上还设置有泄压机构210和注液孔220中的至少一者。
泄压机构210用于泄放电池单体20内部的压力。比如在电池单体20内部的压力或者温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。泄压机构210可以采用诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构210执行动作或者泄压机构210中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
注液孔220是用于向电池单体20内部注入电解液的通道。
第一壁211上可以设置泄压机构210，不设置注液孔220。第一壁211上也可以设置注液孔220，不设置泄压机构210。第一壁211上可以既设置泄压机构210，也设置注液孔220。
泄压机构210和注液孔220中的至少一者设置于第一壁211，以使电池单体20各个结构更为集中，便于加工制造，有利于提高生产效率。
在一些实施例中，第一壁211面向电极组件22的一侧设有第四绝缘件230，第四绝缘件230用于绝缘隔离第一壁211和电极组件22。沿第一方向X，支撑件28件位于主体部223和第四绝缘件230之间。
在第一壁211上设有泄压机构210的实施例中，第四绝缘件230与泄压机构210对应的位置形成有沿面向电极组件22的方向凸出的凸部2301，支撑件28的面向第一壁211的表面还设有容纳部284，凸部2301至少部分容纳于容纳部284内。凸部2301容纳于容纳部284内，凸部2301与容纳部284配合，能够对支撑件28起到限位作用，避免支撑件28在外壳21内移动。
沿第一方向X，凸部2301可以抵靠于容纳部284的底面，限制了支撑件28沿着背离主体部223的方向移动，保证支撑件28能够稳定支撑主体部223，使得在电池单体20倒置的情况下电极组件22的主体部223的重力不易传递给极耳，不易造成极耳分叉内插。
在第一壁211上设有泄压机构210的实施例中，沿第一方向X，支撑件28上与泄压机构210相对应的区域内设有多个排气孔285。排气孔285允许电池单体20内部的气体通过排气孔285流向泄压机构210，以便于电池单体20内的压力达到爆破压力时通过泄压机构210泄压。沿第一方向X，多个排气孔285在泄压机构210在支撑件28上的投影范围内均匀分布，有利于电池单体20内的气体顺畅的通过排气孔285流向泄压机构210。
在第一壁211上设有注液孔220的实施例中，支撑件28上设有通孔286，通孔286与注液孔220位置相对应，便于注液。在一些实施例中，通孔286可以偏离支撑件28的中心位置设置，在将支撑件28安装于第一壁211和第四绝缘件230组成的整体时，通孔286能够起到防呆作用，在一定程度上降低装错的风险。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池100，电池100包括上述任意实施例提供的电池单体20。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池100是指包括一个或多个电池单体20以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池100可以包括电池100模块或电池100包等。电池100包一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体20的箱体10。箱体10可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体20的充电或放电。
上述任意实施例提供的电池单体20，因抵靠于电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端的第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的一侧与第二壁的内表面2121之间形成间隙24，使得电极组件22背离第一壁211的一端可以不需要设置底托板即可以减缓电极组件22与外壳21背离电极端子25一侧的拐角区域2151a挤压接触的程度甚至能使得电极组件22不与外壳21的拐角区域2151a接触挤压，从而降低因电极组件22和外壳21的拐角区域2151a挤压而导致电极组件22的极片因与外壳21的拐角区域2151a挤压打皱的风险，从而降低电池单体20短路的风险，从而提高电池100的安全性能。电池单体20不设置底托板，还可以简化电池单体20的组装工序、提高组装效率、节约电池单体20的成本以及减轻电池单体20的重量，从而减轻电池100的重量。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，用电设备包括上述任意实施例提供的电池100。
电池100为用电设备提供电能。上述实施例的电池100安全性能较好，因此能够提高具备该电池100的用电设备的用电安全。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22、第一绝缘件23、第二绝缘件26和支撑件28。电极组件22容纳于外壳21内。
外壳21包括第一壁211、第二壁212、侧壁213和连接壁215，第二壁212、侧壁213和连接壁215一体成型，连接壁215的内表面为倒角面2151，倒角面2151为圆弧倒角面2151。第二壁的内表面2121和侧壁的内表面2131通过倒角面2151连接并与倒角面2151相切。侧壁213背离第二壁212的一端形成开口214，第一壁211封盖开口214并支撑电极组件22。第一壁211和第二壁212沿第一方向X相对布置。第一壁211上还设有泄压机构210、注液孔220和两个电极端子25。电极组件22的第一极耳221和第二极耳222均凸出于电极组件22的主体部223面向第一壁211的一侧。支撑件28位于主体部223和第一壁211之间，支撑件28支撑主体部223，第一极耳221和第二极耳222均绕支撑件28的边缘弯折至支撑件28背离主体部223的一侧。沿第一方向X，第一绝缘件23连接于电极组件22面向第二壁212的一端，以绝缘隔离第二壁212和电极组件22，第二绝缘件26围设于电极组件22的外周，以绝缘隔离电极组件22和侧壁213。第二绝缘件26和第一绝缘件23一体成型。沿第一方向X，第一绝缘件23背离电极组件22的表面和所述第二壁的内表面2121之间形成间隙24。沿第一方向X，倒角面2151的尺寸为H，间隙24的尺寸为H 1，满足H 1≥H/2。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括沿第一方向相对设置的第一壁和第二壁，所述第一壁设有电极端子；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件与所述电极端子电连接，所述第一壁支撑所述电极组件；以及
    第一绝缘件，抵靠于所述电极组件面向所述第二壁的一端，以绝缘隔离所述第二壁和所述电极组件；
    沿所述第一方向，所述第一绝缘件背离所述电极组件的表面和所述第二壁的内表面之间形成有间隙。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳还包括侧壁，所述侧壁围设于所述第二壁的外周，沿所述第一方向，所述第二壁位于所述侧壁的一端，所述侧壁的另一端形成开口，所述第一壁封闭所述开口，所述第二壁的内表面和所述侧壁的内表面通过倒角面连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述倒角面的尺寸为H，所述间隙的尺寸为H 1，满足H 1≥H/2。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，H 1≥H。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述倒角面为圆弧倒角面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二壁的内表面与所述倒角面相切；和/或，所述侧壁的内表面与所述倒角面相切。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述侧壁和所述第二壁一体成型。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件至少一部分设置于所述侧壁和所述电极组件之间，所述第二绝缘件被配置为绝缘隔离所述侧壁和所述电极组件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘件和所述第二绝缘件一体成型。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括第三绝缘件，沿所述第一方向，所述第三绝缘件抵靠于所述第一绝缘件面向所述第二壁的一侧，沿垂直所述第一方向的方向，所述第一绝缘件的凸出所述第三绝缘件的边缘。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第三绝缘件连接于所述第一绝缘件面向所述第二壁的表面。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳位于所述电极组件背离所述第二壁的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件还包括主体部，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳均凸出于所述主体部；
    所述电池单体还包括支撑件，所述支撑件设置于所述第一壁和所述主体部之间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述支撑件支撑所述主体部，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳均绕所述支撑件的边缘弯折至所述支撑件背离所述主体部的一侧并与所述电极端子电连接。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁上还设置有泄压机构和注液孔中的至少一者。
  16. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池单体。
  17. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求16所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/130666 2022-11-08 2022-11-08 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2024098258A1 (zh)

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