WO2024080189A1 - トップリングおよび基板処理装置 - Google Patents
トップリングおよび基板処理装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024080189A1 WO2024080189A1 PCT/JP2023/036057 JP2023036057W WO2024080189A1 WO 2024080189 A1 WO2024080189 A1 WO 2024080189A1 JP 2023036057 W JP2023036057 W JP 2023036057W WO 2024080189 A1 WO2024080189 A1 WO 2024080189A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- top ring
- pressure
- polishing
- piezoelectric element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/27—Work carriers
- B24B37/30—Work carriers for single side lapping of plane surfaces
- B24B37/32—Retaining rings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/27—Work carriers
- B24B37/30—Work carriers for single side lapping of plane surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P52/00—Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
Definitions
- This application relates to a top ring and a substrate processing apparatus.
- CMP Chemical mechanical polishing
- Substrate processing equipment such as a chemical mechanical polishing device includes, for example, a top ring for holding a substrate.
- the substrate WF is vacuum-adsorbed and held by a substrate adsorption member, and while rotating in this state, the top ring is pressed against a polishing pad on a polishing table that is also rotating, thereby chemically and mechanically polishing the substrate WF.
- uneven polishing of the polished surface of the substrate can occur due to uneven thickness of the substrate and the in-plane uniformity of the porous material/shielding material that constitutes the substrate suction part of the top ring.
- the porous material is subjected to flat processing (milling) using a flat milling blade, but the processing marks can be directly transferred to the polishing rate.
- the top ring may be equipped with multiple pressure chambers separated by elastic membranes. By creating a difference in pressure between each pressure chamber, it is possible to correct the uniformity of the force pressing against the substrate to a certain extent, but it is not possible to create minute and complex pressure differences, and even if it were possible, it would be an expensive configuration. Furthermore, once the design is finalized, it requires a lot of effort to make any changes. Furthermore, even in top rings equipped with multiple piezoelectric elements (JP Patent Publication No. 9-225820 (Patent Document 1) and JP Patent Publication No. 2000-094301 (Patent Document 2)), there is room for improvement in terms of improving the in-plane uniformity of the polishing rate.
- One of the objectives of this application is to realize a top ring that can improve polishing uniformity.
- a top ring for holding a substrate comprising: a base member connected to a rotating shaft; a substrate suction member including a porous member having a substrate suction surface for suctioning a substrate and a pressure reduction portion communicating with a pressure reduction means; and a first pressure assembly disposed between the base member and the substrate suction member and having a plurality of first pressure means disposed on the opposite side of the substrate suction surface of the substrate suction member, the first pressure means being configured to apply a pressing force to the substrate suction member completely independently of each other.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an overall configuration of a substrate processing apparatus according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a polishing unit according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a top ring according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a top ring according to an embodiment. This is a cross section taken along line k-k in FIG. This is a cross section taken along line mm in FIG. 13 is a modified example of a frame member of a substrate suction member.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a calibration method for a top ring.
- 10A to 10C are explanatory diagrams illustrating another example of the calibration method of the top ring. 13 is a flowchart of a calibration process.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the overall configuration of a substrate processing apparatus 1000 according to one embodiment.
- the substrate processing apparatus 1000 shown in FIG. 1 has a load unit 100, a transport unit 200, a polishing unit 300, a drying unit 500, and an unload unit 600.
- the transport unit 200 has two transport units 200A and 200B
- the polishing unit 300 has two polishing units 300A and 300B.
- each of these units can be formed independently. By forming these units independently, substrate processing apparatuses 1000 with different configurations can be easily formed by arbitrarily combining the number of each unit.
- the substrate processing apparatus 1000 includes a control device 900, and each component of the substrate processing apparatus 1000 is controlled by the control device 900.
- control device 900 can be configured from a general computer including an input/output device, a calculation device 900a, a storage device 900b, and the like.
- the calculation device 900a can include a CPU, an MPU, and the like.
- the memory device 900b may include any non-volatile memory and/or volatile memory.
- the load unit 100 is a unit for introducing a substrate WF before processing such as polishing and cleaning is performed into the substrate processing apparatus 1000.
- the load unit 100 is configured to comply with the machine interface standard (IPC-SMEMA-9851) of the Surface Mount Equipment Manufacturers Association (SMEMA).
- the transport mechanism of the load unit 100 has a plurality of transport rollers 202 and a plurality of roller shafts 204 to which the transport rollers 202 are attached.
- three transport rollers 202 are attached to each roller shaft 204.
- the substrate WF is placed on the transport rollers 202, and the substrate WF is transported by the rotation of the transport rollers 202.
- the attachment position of the transport rollers 202 on the roller shaft 204 can be any position that can transport the substrate WF stably.
- the transport rollers 202 come into contact with the substrate WF, they should be positioned so that they come into contact with an area that does not cause any problems even if they come into contact with the substrate WF to be processed.
- the transport rollers 202 of the load unit 100 can be made of a conductive polymer. In one embodiment, the transport rollers 202 are electrically grounded via the roller shafts 204 or the like. This is to prevent the substrate WF from being charged and damaging the substrate WF. In one embodiment, the load unit 100 may also be provided with an ionizer (not shown) to prevent the substrate WF from becoming charged.
- ⁇ Transport unit> 1 includes two transport units 200 A and 200 B.
- the two transport units 200 A and 200 B may have the same configuration, and therefore will be collectively referred to as the transport unit 200 in the following description.
- the transport unit 200 shown in the figure is equipped with a number of transport rollers 202 for transporting the substrate WF.
- the transport rollers 202 of the transport unit 200 may be formed from a conductive polymer or a non-conductive polymer.
- the transport rollers 202 are driven by a motor (not shown).
- the substrate WF is transported to a substrate transfer position by the transport rollers 202.
- the transport unit 200 has a cleaning nozzle 284.
- the cleaning nozzle 284 is connected to a cleaning liquid supply source (not shown).
- the cleaning nozzle 284 is configured to supply cleaning liquid to the substrate WF transported by the transport rollers 202.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a polishing unit 300 according to an embodiment.
- the substrate processing apparatus 1000 shown in Fig. 1 includes two polishing units 300A and 300B.
- the two polishing units 300A and 300B may have the same configuration, and therefore will be collectively referred to as the polishing unit 300 below.
- the polishing unit 300 includes a polishing table 350 and a top ring 302 that constitutes a polishing head that holds a substrate, which is an object to be polished, and presses (presses) it against the polishing surface on the polishing table 350.
- the polishing table 350 is connected to a polishing table rotation motor (not shown) disposed below it via a table shaft 351, and is rotatable around the table shaft 351.
- a polishing pad 352 is attached to the upper surface of the polishing table 350, and a surface 352a of the polishing pad 352 constitutes a polishing surface for polishing the substrate.
- the polishing pad 352 may be attached via a layer that facilitates peeling from the polishing table 350.
- Such a layer may be, for example, a silicone layer or a fluorine-based resin layer, and may be, for example, one described in JP 2014-176950 A.
- a silicone layer or a fluorine-based resin layer may be, for example, one described in JP 2014-176950 A.
- JP 2014-176950 A The entire disclosure of JP 2014-176950 A, including the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- a polishing liquid supply nozzle 354 is installed above the polishing table 350, and the polishing liquid is supplied onto the polishing pad 352 on the polishing table 350 by this polishing liquid supply nozzle 354. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, the polishing table 350 and the table shaft 351 are provided with a passage 353 for supplying the polishing liquid.
- the passage 353 is connected to an opening 355 on the surface of the polishing table 350.
- a through hole 357 is formed in the polishing pad 352 at a position corresponding to the opening 355 of the polishing table 350, and the polishing liquid passing through the passage 353 is supplied to the surface of the polishing pad 352 from the opening 355 of the polishing table 350 and the through hole 357 of the polishing pad 352.
- the opening 355 of the polishing table 350 and the through hole 357 of the polishing pad 352 may be one or more. Also, the positions of the opening 355 of the polishing table 350 and the through hole 357 of the polishing pad 352 are arbitrary, but in one embodiment, they are arranged near the center of the polishing table 350.
- the polishing unit 300 includes an atomizer 358 for spraying a liquid or a mixture of liquid and gas toward the polishing pad 352 (see FIG. 1).
- the liquid sprayed from the atomizer 358 is, for example, pure water, and the gas is, for example, nitrogen gas.
- the top ring 302 (more specifically, the base member 420 described below) is connected to the top ring shaft 18, which is movable up and down relative to the swing arm 360 by a vertical movement mechanism 319.
- the vertical movement of the top ring shaft 18 moves the entire top ring 302 up and down relative to the swing arm 360, positioning it.
- the top ring shaft 18 is rotated by the drive of a top ring rotation motor (not shown). The rotation of the top ring shaft 18 causes the top ring 302 to rotate around the top ring shaft 18.
- the top ring 302 is adapted to hold a rectangular substrate WF on its underside.
- the substrate WF may be a copper clad laminate (CCL) substrate, a printed circuit board (PCB), a photomask substrate, a display panel, or any other rectangular substrate.
- Some substrates have multiple wiring units formed thereon, each of which has a wiring pattern. Note that IC chip dies or the like may be mounted on each of the multiple wiring units of a polished substrate.
- the swing arm 360 is configured to be rotatable around a support shaft 362. The top ring 302 can be moved between the substrate transfer position of the transport unit 200 and above the polishing table 350 by rotating the swing arm 360.
- the top ring 302 can be lowered by lowering the top ring shaft 18, thereby pressing the substrate WF against the surface (polishing surface) 352a of the polishing pad 352.
- the top ring 302 and the polishing table 350 are rotated, and a polishing liquid is supplied onto the polishing pad 352 from a polishing liquid supply nozzle 354 provided above the polishing table 350 and/or from an opening 355 provided in the polishing table 350.
- the surface of the substrate WF can be polished by pressing the substrate WF against the polishing surface 352a of the polishing pad 352.
- the swing arm 360 may be fixed or swung so that the top ring 302 passes through the center of the polishing pad 352 (so as to cover the through hole 357 of the polishing pad 352).
- the up-down movement mechanism 319 that moves the top ring shaft 18 and the top ring 302 up and down includes a bridge 28 that rotatably supports the top ring shaft 18 via a bearing 321, a ball screw 32 attached to the bridge 28, a support base 29 supported by a support column 130, and an AC servo motor 38 provided on the support base 29.
- the support base 29 that supports the servo motor 38 is fixed to the swing arm 360 via the support column 130.
- the ball screw 32 has a screw shaft 32a connected to the servo motor 38 and a nut 32b into which the screw shaft 32a screws.
- the top ring shaft 18 moves up and down together with the bridge 28. Therefore, when the servo motor 38 is driven, the bridge 28 moves up and down via the ball screw 32, which causes the top ring shaft 18 and the top ring 302 to move up and down.
- the polishing unit 300 includes a dressing unit 356 that dresses the polishing surface 352a of the polishing pad 352.
- the dressing unit 356 includes a dresser 50 that is in sliding contact with the polishing surface 352a, a dresser shaft 51 to which the dresser 50 is connected, an air cylinder 53 provided at the upper end of the dresser shaft 51, and a swinging arm 55 that rotatably supports the dresser shaft 51.
- the lower part of the dresser 50 is formed of a dressing member 50a, and needle-shaped diamond particles are attached to the underside of the dressing member 50a.
- the air cylinder 53 is disposed on a support stand 57 supported by supports 56, and these supports 56 are fixed to the swinging arm 55.
- the swing arm 55 is driven by a motor (not shown) and is configured to rotate around the support shaft 58.
- the dresser shaft 51 rotates by driving a motor (not shown), and the dresser 50 rotates around the dresser shaft 51 due to the rotation of the dresser shaft 51.
- the air cylinder 53 moves the dresser 50 up and down via the dresser shaft 51, and presses the dresser 50 against the polishing surface 352a of the polishing pad 352 with a predetermined pressing force.
- the dresser 50 is used to measure the amount of wear of the polishing pad 352. That is, the dressing unit 356 is provided with a displacement sensor 60 that measures the displacement of the dresser 50.
- the displacement sensor 60 constitutes a wear amount detection means that detects the amount of wear of the polishing pad 352, and is provided on the upper surface of the swing arm 55.
- a target plate 61 is fixed to the dresser shaft 51, and the target plate 61 moves up and down in accordance with the up and down movement of the dresser 50.
- the displacement sensor 60 is disposed so as to pass through the target plate 61, and measures the displacement of the dresser 50 by measuring the displacement of the target plate 61.
- any type of sensor such as a linear scale, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or an eddy current sensor, may be used as the displacement sensor 60.
- the displacement sensor 60 and the target plate 61 may be omitted.
- the dressing of the polishing surface 352a of the polishing pad 352 is performed as follows.
- the dresser 50 is pressed against the polishing surface 352a by the air cylinder 53, and at the same time, pure water is supplied to the polishing surface 352a from a pure water supply nozzle (not shown).
- a pure water supply nozzle (not shown)
- the passage 353 for supplying the polishing liquid and/or the polishing liquid supply nozzle 354 may be switched to pure water supply to supply pure water to the polishing surface 352a.
- the dresser 50 is rotated around the dresser shaft 51 and the swing arm 55 is swung on the polishing surface 352a, so that the lower surface (diamond particles) of the dressing member 50a is brought into sliding contact with the rotating polishing surface 352a. In this way, the polishing pad 352 is scraped off by the dresser 50, and the polishing surface 352a is dressed.
- the polishing unit 300 is equipped with a film thickness sensor 42 that measures the film thickness of the substrate WF on the polishing surface 352a.
- the film thickness sensor 42 is configured to generate a film thickness index value that directly or indirectly indicates the film thickness of the substrate WF. This film thickness index value changes according to the film thickness of the substrate WF.
- the film thickness index value may be a value that represents the film thickness of the substrate WF itself, or may be a physical quantity or signal value before being converted into a film thickness.
- the film thickness sensor 42 examples include an eddy current sensor and an optical film thickness sensor.
- the film thickness sensor 42 is installed in the polishing table 350 and rotates integrally with the polishing table 350. More specifically, the film thickness sensor 42 is configured to measure the film thickness at multiple measurement points on the substrate WF while crossing the substrate WF on the polishing surface 352a each time the polishing table 350 rotates once. The film thicknesses at the multiple measurement points are output from the film thickness sensor 42 as film thickness index values, and the film thickness index values are sent to the control device 900.
- the control device 900 is configured to control the operation of the top ring 302 based on the film thickness index values.
- the control device 900 creates a film thickness profile of the substrate WF from the film thickness index value output from the film thickness sensor 42.
- the film thickness profile of the substrate WF is a distribution of film thickness index values.
- the control device 900 controls the operation of the top ring 302 so as to eliminate the difference between the obtained current film thickness profile of the substrate WF and the target film thickness profile.
- the target film thickness profile of the substrate WF is stored in advance in the storage device 900b of the control device 900. Examples of the current film thickness profile of the substrate WF include an initial film thickness profile of the substrate WF before it is polished by the substrate processing device 1000 (polishing unit 300) shown in FIG.
- the initial film thickness profile is created, for example, from film thickness measurements obtained by a stand-alone film thickness measuring device not shown, or film thickness measurements obtained by another substrate processing device 1000 equipped with a film thickness sensor.
- the initial film thickness profile is stored in the storage device 900b of the control device 900.
- the drying unit 500 is an apparatus for drying the substrate WF.
- the drying unit 500 dries the substrate WF that has been polished in the polishing unit 300 and then cleaned in the cleaning section of the transport unit 200.
- the drying unit 500 is disposed downstream of the transport unit 200.
- the drying unit 500 has a nozzle 530 for spraying gas toward the substrate WF transported on the transport roller 202.
- the gas can be, for example, compressed air or nitrogen.
- the substrate WF can be dried by blowing off water droplets on the transported substrate WF by the drying unit 500.
- the unload unit 600 is a unit for unloading the substrate WF after processing such as polishing and cleaning to the outside of the substrate processing apparatus 1000.
- the unload unit 600 receives the substrate after drying in the drying unit 500.
- the unload unit 600 is disposed downstream of the drying unit 500.
- the unload unit 600 is configured to comply with the machine interface standard (IPC-SMEMA-9851) of the Surface Mount Equipment Manufacturers Association (SMEMA).
- Figures 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views that show a schematic view of the top ring 302 according to an embodiment.
- Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the top ring 302 when the substrate WF is in contact with the polishing pad 352 and the membrane 422 and the piezoelectric element 432 are in a pressurized state.
- Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the top ring 302 when the substrate WF is not in contact with the polishing pad 352 and the membrane 422 and the piezoelectric element 432 are in an unpressurized state.
- the top ring 302 comprises a substrate adsorption member 410, a base member 420, and a piezoelectric element member 430 disposed between the substrate adsorption member 410 and the base member 420.
- the substrate adsorption member 410, the base member 420, and the piezoelectric element member 430 are configured to be slidable relative to each other in the vertical direction, and the piezoelectric element member 430 is slidable relative to the base member 420 and the substrate adsorption member 410 in the vertical direction.
- the substrate suction member 410 is disposed below the base member 420 and the piezoelectric element member 430, and includes a porous member 411 and a shielding member 412 to which the porous member 411 is attached.
- the porous member 411 may be any member capable of vacuum-suctioning the substrate WF by vacuuming using the pressure reducing means (vacuum source) 415, and may be made of a resin porous material in which a large number of pores are formed in a resin such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
- the porous member 411 may also be made of a ceramic in which a large number of pores are formed.
- the porous member 411 is formed in a plate shape, and has a substrate suction surface 411a for suctioning the substrate WF and a pressure reducing section 411b that communicates with the pressure reducing means (vacuum source) 415.
- the substrate WF is suctioned and held by the porous member 411 by reducing the pressure of the porous member 411 using the pressure reducing means (vacuum source) 415.
- the shielding member 412 may be any airtight member capable of blocking the flow of gas, and may be formed, for example, from a relatively soft resin plate such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the shielding member 412 is formed so as to shield the surface opposite to the substrate adsorption surface 411a and the side of the porous member 411.
- the shielding member 412 includes a suction hole 414 formed so as to communicate with the porous member 411.
- the pressure reducing section 411b is provided at the position where the suction hole 414 is formed.
- the suction hole 414 is formed in the shielding member 412 so as to communicate with the side of the porous member 411, and the pressure reducing section 411b is provided on the side of the porous member 411.
- One end of the suction hole 414 is connected to the side of the porous member 411, and the other end is connected to the pressure reducing means 415 via the suction path 423.
- the shielding member 412 when the porous member 411 is evacuated by the pressure reducing means (vacuum source) 415, a negative pressure can be efficiently formed on the substrate adsorption surface 411a. This allows the substrate WF to be reliably adsorbed to the substrate adsorption member 410, and therefore the substrate WF can be prevented from jumping outward (slipping out) during polishing without providing a retaining member around the substrate WF. It also prevents the substrate WF or the top ring 302 from coming into contact with the retaining member during polishing and being damaged.
- the substrate suction member 410 includes a frame member 413 provided on the shielding member 412 so as to surround at least a portion of the periphery of the piezoelectric element member 430.
- the frame member 413 is provided in a frame shape on the peripheral portion of the upper surface of the shielding member 412.
- the substrate suction member 410 is arranged so that the movement in the vertical direction relative to the piezoelectric element member 430 and thus the base member 420 is guided by the support rollers 438 provided around the piezoelectric element member 430.
- a support pad 418 is provided on the inner side surface of the frame member 413 corresponding to each support roller 438.
- the support pad 418 is guided in the vertical direction relative to the piezoelectric element member 430 by contacting and guiding the support roller 438.
- the support pad 418 may be provided in common for a plurality of support rollers 438.
- the substrate suction member 410 is attached to the piezoelectric element member 430 so as to be slightly movable relative to the piezoelectric element member 430 in a planar direction parallel to the polishing surface of the polishing pad 352.
- stoppers 413A for limiting the downward movement of the substrate suction member 410 are provided on the frame member 413 at the four corners of the piezoelectric element member 430.
- the top ring 302 further includes an outer peripheral band 419 that connects the outer side of the base body 421 of the base member 420 and the outer side of the frame member 413 of the substrate suction member 410.
- the outer peripheral band 419 is provided to surround the entire circumference of the top ring 302.
- the outer peripheral band 419 allows the substrate suction member 410 to be displaced relative to the base member 420, and prevents the polishing liquid and the like from entering the space (internal space) between the substrate suction member 410 and the base member 420.
- a recess that opens downward on the base member 420 and a recess that opens upward on the substrate suction member 410 form the internal space.
- the base member 420 includes a base body 421 connected to the top ring shaft 18, and a membrane (elastic membrane) 422 attached to the base body 421 and forming a pressure chamber 422A.
- the membrane (elastic membrane) 422 can be made of, for example, silicone rubber, FKM, or EPDM.
- the base body 421 has an internal space that is a recess that opens downward, and the membrane 422 is disposed above the internal space (the bottom side of the recess), and at least a portion of the piezoelectric element member 430 is accommodated below the membrane 422.
- the pressure chamber 422A in the membrane 422 is connected to a compressed air supply source 425 through a flow path 424, and the membrane 422 is configured to be pressurized and expanded by compressed air (pressurized fluid) from the compressed air supply source 425.
- linear guides 426 are provided on the two opposing inner side surfaces of the base body 421.
- two linear guides 426 are provided on each of the two opposing inner side surfaces.
- the linear guides 426 engage with linear guides 437 provided at corresponding positions on the piezoelectric element member 430 to guide the vertical movement of the piezoelectric element member 430 relative to the base member 420.
- the linear guides 426 and the linear guides 437 can be, for example, sliding members, one of which is a rail and the other of which engages with the rail.
- linear guides are provided only on a pair of opposing inner side surfaces (two inner side surfaces) of the four inner side surfaces of the base body 421, making it easier to smoothly move up and down between the base member 420 and the piezoelectric element member 430.
- linear guides 426 may be provided on all inner side surfaces of the base body 421.
- the piezoelectric element member 430 comprises a holder 431 as a housing, a plurality of piezoelectric elements 432 housed and arranged inside the holder 431, a fluid bag 433 arranged below each piezoelectric element 432, and a pressing force measuring device 434 arranged between the piezoelectric elements 432 and the fluid bag 433.
- the pressing force measuring device 434 may be arranged below the fluid bag 433 or at another position, as long as it is possible to measure the pressing force of each piezoelectric element 432 (the pressing force pressing the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352 at the position of each piezoelectric element 432).
- the piezoelectric elements 432 are arranged in a matrix, for example, as shown in FIG. 6. However, the piezoelectric elements 432 are not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 and can be arranged in any arrangement. It is preferable to use piezoelectric elements 432 having approximately the same dimensions and characteristics. The characteristics of the piezoelectric elements include the amount of extension (stroke) relative to the applied voltage.
- Each piezoelectric element 432 is connected to the driving voltage application device 435 via electrical wiring 436.
- the driving voltage application device 435 is built into the base body 421, but the driving voltage application device 435 may be arranged outside the top ring 302.
- the driving voltage application device 435 receives a control signal/voltage from the control device 900 and supplies a driving voltage corresponding to the control signal/voltage to each piezoelectric element 432.
- Each piezoelectric element 432 constitutes an individual actuator and can apply a pressing force to each part of the substrate suction member 410 (each area corresponding to each piezoelectric element) completely independently of each other.
- Fluid bag 433 is made of a material with low elasticity (such as high-hardness silicone rubber, EPDM, FKM, nylon film, polyethylene film, PET film, and films with a multi-layer structure of these films. This corresponds to the bag material of water bags for emergency use that are generally available on the market) that holds the fluid inside the bag, and is made of a bag member with low elasticity overall (a non-expandable bag member/bag that does not expand, but deforms according to the shape of the fluid contained therein).
- fluid bag 433 is a member that transmits the pressure from piezoelectric element 432 to substrate suction member 410 with almost no expansion or contraction.
- the fluid held by fluid bag 433 is preferably a non-compressible fluid, such as water, oil, or other liquid.
- a non-compressible fluid such as water, oil, or other liquid.
- the fluid may be a gas if the fluid bag 433 as a whole can be made of a material with low elasticity. In this case, it is preferable to sufficiently fill the pouch of the liquid bag 433 with gas.
- a thin partition is provided between adjacent fluid bags 433, but adjacent fluid bags 433 can press against the substrate side (substrate adsorption member 410) with substantially no gaps. Therefore, the fluid bag 433 provided on each piezoelectric element 432 can press against the substrate adsorption member 410 and ultimately each part of the substrate WF with no gaps (can be pressed against the polishing pad 352). In other words, the fluid bag 433 can reduce or prevent uneven pressing by each piezoelectric element 432.
- the drive voltage application device 435 applies a drive voltage to the multiple piezoelectric elements 432, these piezoelectric elements 432 expand toward the fluid bag 433.
- This expansion of the piezoelectric elements 432 locally adjusts the pressing force with which the pressure chamber 422A presses the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352. This suppresses or prevents uneven pressing (variation in pressing force) when the pressure chamber 422A presses the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352 via the piezoelectric elements 432.
- the amount of expansion of the piezoelectric element may be referred to as the stroke.
- the piezoelectric elements 432 to which a drive voltage is applied can adjust the pressing force with which the substrate WF is pressed against the polishing pad 352 for each area of the piezoelectric element 432.
- the piezoelectric elements 432 to which a drive voltage is applied can adjust the pressing force with which the substrate WF is pressed against the polishing pad 352 for each area of the piezoelectric element 432.
- the substrate WF has a varying thickness
- the thicker portions will be pressed against the polishing pad 352 with a greater pressing force and the thinner portions will be pressed against the polishing pad 352 with a smaller pressing force.
- the pressing force with which the pressure chamber 422A presses the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352 can be made uniform at each portion (area) of the substrate WF (the surface pressure distribution can be made uniform).
- the pressure with which the pressure chamber 422A presses the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352 can be made uniform at each part (area) of the substrate WF by appropriately adjusting the stroke of the piezoelectric element at each part (area) of the substrate WF (the surface pressure distribution can be made uniform).
- each part (area) of the substrate WF can be pressed against the polishing pad 352 with a uniform pressure (the surface pressure distribution can be made uniform), and the in-plane uniformity of the polishing rate can be improved.
- the pressing force measuring device 434 is a device that measures the pressing force (the force pressing the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352) at the position of each piezoelectric element 432, and can be, for example, a pressure gauge.
- each pressing force measuring device 434 is arranged in series with the piezoelectric element 432 and the fluid bag 433. More specifically, each pressing force measuring device 434 is arranged between the piezoelectric element 432 and the fluid bag 433.
- the pressing force measuring device 434 arranged in this manner can separately measure the pressing force pressing the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352 at each piezoelectric element 432.
- the arrangement of the pressing force measuring device 434 is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
- the pressing force measuring device 434 may be arranged between the substrate suction member 410 and the fluid bag 433, or may be arranged next to the fluid bag 433.
- the pressing force measuring device 434 may be configured to convert the measured pressing force [N] into pressure [Pa].
- Examples of the pressing force measuring device 434 include a load cell connected to multiple piezoelectric elements 432 and a piezoelectric sheet.
- the piezoelectric sheet has multiple piezoelectric sensors and is configured to generate a voltage according to the force applied to the piezoelectric sheet and convert the voltage value into force or pressure.
- linear guides 437 are provided on two opposing outer side surfaces of the holder 431 of the piezoelectric element member 430.
- two linear guides 437 are provided on each outer side surface of the holder 431.
- the linear guides 437 engage with the linear guides 426 of the base member 420 to guide the vertical movement of the piezoelectric element member 430 relative to the base member 420.
- the base body 421 of the base member 420 is provided with four stoppers 421A corresponding to the four corners of the piezoelectric element member 430. These stoppers 421A limit the downward movement of the piezoelectric element member 430.
- a plurality of support rollers 438 are provided on each outer side of the holder 431.
- three support rollers 438 are provided on each outer side of the main body 431, but the number of support rollers 438 is arbitrary.
- the support rollers 438 are provided below the linear guide 437.
- Support pads 418 are provided on the inner side of the frame member 413 of the substrate adsorption member 410 corresponding to each support roller 438. The vertical movements of the substrate adsorption member 410 and the piezoelectric element member 430 are guided by each support roller 438 rolling on the support pads 418.
- the frame member 413 of the substrate adsorption member 410 is provided with four stoppers 413A corresponding to the four corners of the piezoelectric element member 430. These stoppers 413A limit the downward movement of the substrate adsorption member 410 relative to the piezoelectric element member 430.
- the stopper 421A of the base member 420 limits the downward movement of the piezoelectric element member 430 relative to the base member 420
- the stopper 413A of the substrate attraction member 410 limits the downward movement of the substrate attraction member 410 relative to the piezoelectric element member 430
- a stopper (not shown) that limits the upward movement of the piezoelectric element member 430 relative to the base member 420 may be provided on the inner side surface of the base main body 421.
- Such a stopper can be provided, for example, by protruding the inner wall of the base main body 421 upward from the four corners of the holder 431 of the piezoelectric element member 430.
- FIG. 7 shows a modified example of the frame member of the substrate suction member.
- the stopper 413A of the frame member 413 may be configured to be removable from the other parts of the frame member 413.
- the stopper 413A can be removably connected to the other parts of the frame member 413 with a fastening member 413B such as a screw.
- the substrate suction member 410 can be easily removed from the top ring 302 by removing the stopper 413A. This makes it easy to perform maintenance such as replacing the porous member, which is a consumable part included in the substrate suction member. Note that if the substrate suction member 410 can be removed from the top ring 302 without removing all four stoppers 413A, only some of the stoppers 413A may be configured to be removable.
- the top ring 302 (substrate WF) is not in contact with the polishing pad 352. Also, no drive voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element 432 of the piezoelectric element member 430 (piezoelectric element is in an unpressurized state). Also, not enough compressed air is introduced into the pressure chamber 422A, so the membrane 422 is not pressurized (unpressurized state).
- the piezoelectric element member 430 descends relative to the base member 420 until the four corners of its holder 431 engage with the stoppers 421A (FIG. 5) of the base member 420, and the substrate suction member 410 descends relative to the piezoelectric element member 430 until its stoppers 413A (FIG. 6) engage with the four corners of the piezoelectric element member 430.
- the substrate WF is pressed against the polishing pad 352 by the pressing force of the membrane 422, and the pressing force applied to each part (each area) of the substrate WF is adjusted by the multiple piezoelectric elements 432, so that the distribution of the surface pressure of the pressing force by which the pressurizing chamber 422A presses the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352 is made uniform.
- the substrate WF is pressed against the polishing pad 352 by the pressing force of the membrane 422 on the entire area of the substrate WF, and the pressing force of each area of the substrate WF is adjusted by the strokes of the multiple piezoelectric elements 432 corresponding to each area of the substrate WF. Therefore, even if there is variation in the thickness of the porous member 411, the shielding member 412, and/or the substrate WF, each part of the substrate WF can be pressed against the polishing pad 352 with a uniform force (the surface pressure distribution can be made uniform). This makes it possible to improve the in-surface uniformity of the polishing rate (polishing amount).
- the film thickness control of the polishing process by the substrate processing apparatus 1000 described above can be performed, for example, as follows.
- the control device 900 calculates the difference between the current film thickness profile of the substrate WF (the film thickness profile of the substrate WF created from the film thickness index value (index value that directly or indirectly indicates the film thickness of the substrate WF) output from the film thickness sensor 42 described above) and the target film thickness profile stored in advance in the storage device 900b, and creates a distribution of the target polishing amount on the polished surface of the substrate WF. Furthermore, based on the created distribution of the target polishing amount, the control device 900 determines the command value of the voltage to be applied to the piezoelectric element 432 in order to achieve the target polishing amount within a specified polishing time.
- control device 900 creates a distribution of the target polishing rate from the distribution of the target polishing amount and the above-mentioned specified polishing time, and determines the command value of the voltage that can achieve the target polishing rate from the polishing rate correlation data.
- the polishing rate correlation data is data that indicates the relationship between the polishing rate and the command value of the voltage.
- the control device 900 sends a voltage command value (control signal/voltage) to the drive voltage application device 435.
- the drive voltage application device 435 applies a predetermined drive voltage to the piezoelectric element 432 in accordance with the voltage command value (control signal/voltage), and adjusts the film thickness profile of the substrate WF.
- the film thickness profile is adjusted, for example, at regular intervals or for each rotation period of the polishing table 350.
- control device 900 determines the command value of the voltage to be applied to the piezoelectric element 432 based on the current film thickness profile of the substrate WF obtained by the film thickness sensor 42, without creating a distribution of the target polishing amount.
- the control device 900 determines the command value of the voltage to be applied to the piezoelectric element 432 corresponding to the region of the large film thickness index value (the index value that directly or indirectly indicates the film thickness of the substrate WF generated by the film thickness sensor 42 described above) in order to bring the current film thickness profile closer to the flat film thickness profile, so as to apply a voltage higher by a predetermined change amount than the currently applied voltage to the piezoelectric element 432 corresponding to the region of the small film thickness index value.
- these voltage change amounts are set in advance in the control device 900 as parameters.
- the calibration of the piezoelectric elements 432 is aimed at adjusting the relationship between the applied voltage (stroke) of each piezoelectric element 432 and the uniformity of the surface pressure distribution when the substrate WF is pressed against the polishing pad 352 (taking into consideration the difference in pressing force caused by the deformation hysteresis of the piezoelectric element 432, the installation height of the piezoelectric element 432, and unevenness in the thickness of the substrate attracting member 410 (porous member 411, shielding member 412), etc.).
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a method for calibrating the top ring.
- a surface pressure distribution measuring device 500 is placed on the polishing pad 352
- a top ring 302 with a substrate WF adsorbed thereon is placed on the surface pressure distribution measuring device 500, and compressed air is supplied to a pressure chamber 422A (FIG. 3) of the top ring 302 to press the substrate WF against the polishing pad 352.
- the porous member 411 (FIG. 3) may be pressed against the polishing pad 352 without holding the WF.
- the surface pressure distribution measuring device 500 may be, for example, a sheet-like pressure sensor or tactile sensor.
- the pressure sensing portion of the surface pressure distribution measuring device 500 is large enough to cover the entire substrate WF, and the surface pressure distribution measuring range of the surface pressure distribution measuring device 500 is configured to be larger than the dimensions of the substrate WF.
- the pressure distribution measured by the surface pressure distribution measuring device 500 is viewed, and the strokes (voltage values) of the multiple piezoelectric elements 432 are adjusted so that the output (pressure distribution) of the surface pressure distribution measuring device 500 becomes uniform.
- auto calibration may be performed using artificial intelligence.
- the voltage values of the piezoelectric elements 432 obtained as described above are stored as calibration values in a storage device inside or outside the computer (PC) 501.
- the control device 900 may be used as the computer 501.
- This method allows calibration of the piezoelectric element 432 even if the top ring 302 does not have a pressing force measuring device 434 ( Figure 3).
- the stroke of the piezoelectric element may be determined from the actual polishing results (distribution of polishing rates) (see JP 2021-154421 A).
- Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating another example of the calibration method for the top ring.
- Fig. 10 is a flowchart of the calibration of the piezoelectric elements.
- the voltage value of each piezoelectric element 432 is calibrated by a genetic algorithm (GA) using an array including a binary representation of the voltage value to be applied to each piezoelectric element 432 as genetic data.
- GA genetic algorithm
- the voltage range applied to the piezoelectric element 432 is 0 to 5 [V]
- 1001011 (binary) 75 (decimal), and 75/128 ⁇ 5 [V] ⁇ 2.93 [V].
- xa indicates genetic data (data equivalent to a gene).
- N ( ⁇ 2) pieces of genetic data x1, x2, ... xa..., xN are prepared.
- n ( ⁇ 2) indicates the total number of piezoelectric elements 432
- i indicates a number that identifies each piezoelectric element 432 (i-th piezoelectric element).
- genetic data x1 includes the voltage value of the first piezoelectric element "0111001", the voltage value of the second piezoelectric element "0110001", the voltage value of the third piezoelectric element "0110011", ..., the voltage value of the n-th piezoelectric element "0110011".
- genetic data x2, x3, ..., xN instead of the voltage value applied to the piezoelectric element, the stroke (displacement) of the piezoelectric element may be binarized.
- a plurality of (N) pieces of genetic data as shown in Fig. 9 are created and stored in a memory such as the storage device 900b. Then, a voltage is applied to each piezoelectric element 432 based on the genetic data, and the measurement value of the pressing force measuring device 434 is obtained when the substrate WF is pressed against the polishing pad 352 in the state shown in Fig. 3, and an evaluation function value (standard deviation) ⁇ calculated from these pressure values using Equation 1 is obtained (one ⁇ value is obtained for one piece of genetic data).
- Pi pressure measurement value of the pressing force measuring device of the i-th piezoelectric element Average pressure measurement value of the pressing force measuring device of 1 to n piezoelectric elements
- ⁇ T tolerance
- selection, crossover, and/or mutation are performed on the N pieces of genetic data.
- any of the N pieces of genetic data has a standard deviation ⁇ less than ⁇ T
- the genetic data with the smallest ⁇ that satisfies the requirement of less than ⁇ T is selected as the calibration value and stored in the storage device (memory).
- ⁇ T is the tolerance for the standard deviation ⁇ , and if it is less than this value, it is set as a value that is acceptable for the surface pressure distribution.
- “Selection” refers to keeping a set number of superior genes (genetic data with a small ⁇ in this case) from the genetic data 1 to N, and replacing the rest with random genetic data. In other words, inferior genetic data is weeded out and superior genetic data remains.
- “Crossover” refers to swapping some values (one or more values) of the genetic data x1...xN with each other. For example, swapping the value "0" of the third bit of the voltage value of the first piezoelectric element of genetic data x2 with the value "1" of the fifth bit of the voltage value of the first piezoelectric element of genetic data x3. Two or more consecutive numerical values may be swapped with each other between different genetic data.
- “Mutation” refers to randomly selecting some values of the genetic data x1...xN and inverting them (from 0 to 1, or from 1 to 0).
- the selection, crossover, and/or mutation of the N pieces of genetic data, measurement of the pressure distribution of the piezoelectric element for each piece of genetic data, and calculation of the standard deviation ⁇ are repeated until genetic data with a standard deviation ⁇ less than ⁇ T is found.
- the initial values of the N pieces of genetic data may be completely random genetic data, but a combination of voltages that is likely to result in a uniform surface pressure distribution, previously obtained through experiments, may also be used as part of the genetic data. In this way, it is expected that the calibration will converge faster (i.e., the number of measurements required for calibration can be reduced).
- step S11 the genetic data identification number a is set to 1 and calibration begins.
- step S12 the voltage value of the a-th gene data is applied to each piezoelectric element, the measurement values of the pressing force measuring device 434 of each piezoelectric element in the state shown in FIG. 3 are obtained (pressure distribution/surface thickness distribution is measured), and the standard deviation ⁇ a for the a-th gene data is calculated using equation 1 and stored in the storage device 900b, etc.
- step S16 selection, crossover, and/or mutation processes are performed on the N pieces of genetic data x1...xN to create new N pieces of genetic data x1...xN, and a is reset to 1, after which the processes from step S12 are repeated for the new N pieces of genetic data x1...xN that have been created.
- step S17 genetic data (calibration values) corresponding to a standard deviation ⁇ min smaller than the tolerance ⁇ T is stored in the storage device 900b, etc., and the calibration is completed. Note that instead of storing the genetic data, which is binarized data, in the storage device 900b, etc., the voltage value (binary number) included in the genetic data may be converted to a decimal number and the voltage value in decimal system may be stored in the storage device 900b, etc.
- a top ring equipped with a plurality of piezoelectric elements has been given as an example, but instead of the piezoelectric elements, other types of actuators capable of generating a plurality of pressure forces completely independent of each other may be used.
- actuators constituting such a plurality of actuators include hydraulic actuators such as hydraulic cylinder motors, pneumatic actuators such as air motors and pneumatic cylinders, electric actuators such as electric motors, magnetostrictive actuators using magnetostrictive elements, electromagnetic actuators such as linear motors, small pistons, etc.
- a rectangular substrate is given as an example, but the above embodiment may also be applied to a top ring used for polishing a circular wafer.
- a top ring for holding a substrate comprising: a base member connected to a rotating shaft, a substrate suction member including a porous member having a substrate suction surface for suctioning a substrate and a pressure reducing portion communicating with a pressure reducing means, and a first pressure assembly disposed between the base member and the substrate suction member and having a plurality of first pressure means disposed on the opposite side of the substrate suction surface of the substrate suction member, the first pressure means being configured to be capable of applying a pressing force to the substrate suction member completely independently of one another.
- the plurality of first pressure means capable of applying a pressing force completely independently of one another are, for example, pressing members (piezoelectric elements, etc.) driven by independent actuators.
- the plurality of first pressurizing means of the top ring press the substrate against the polishing pad via the porous member, and the pressing force of each first pressurizing means can be adjusted completely independent/individually. Therefore, even if there is variation in the thickness of the porous member, the shielding member supporting the porous member, and/or the substrate, the pressing force of each first pressurizing means can be adjusted individually to press each portion (area) of the substrate against the polishing pad with a uniform pressing force, thereby improving the in-plane uniformity of the polishing rate. As a result, the layer to be polished on the substrate can be polished with a more uniform amount of polishing.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a top ring, wherein the first pressure assembly further has a holder that holds the multiple first pressure means, and the base member further has a second pressure means that presses the holder on the side opposite the multiple first pressure means with fluid pressure.
- the pressing force for pressing the entire substrate can be adjusted by the second pressing means, while the pressing force for each part of the substrate can be adjusted by the multiple first pressing means, so that each part of the substrate can be pressed against the polishing pad with a desired uniform pressing force.
- the pressing force for pressing the substrate against the polishing pad is mainly generated by the second pressing means, and the multiple first pressing means (e.g., multiple piezoelectric elements) can be used as a means for adjusting the pressing force for each region of the substrate (a means for making the surface pressure distribution uniform). For example, by controlling the stroke of each piezoelectric element, the pressing force from the second pressing means for each region of the substrate can be adjusted, and the surface pressure distribution over the entire substrate can be made uniform.
- the multiple first pressing means e.g., multiple piezoelectric elements
- the present application discloses a top ring, wherein the first pressurizing assembly further includes a fluid bag having low elasticity and provided on the substrate suction member side of each pressurizing means.
- the fluid bag may be, for example, a non-expandable bag member made of a low elasticity material and sufficiently filled with fluid.
- the pressing force from each of the first pressurizing means is transmitted to the porous member via a non-expanding fluid bag having low elasticity, thereby reducing uneven pressing by each of the first pressurizing means, and as a result, an appropriate pressing force can be applied to the entire area of the substrate without gaps.
- the present application further discloses, in one embodiment, a top ring, wherein the fluid bag holds a liquid.
- a top ring wherein the fluid bag holds a liquid.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a top ring, in which the first pressure assembly is configured to be movable in a vertical direction relative to the base member and the substrate suction member.
- an additional pressure means (second pressure means) can be disposed on the base member to easily press the first pressure assembly toward the substrate.
- the pressing force for pressing the substrate against the polishing pad is mainly generated by the second pressure means, and the multiple first pressure means (e.g., multiple piezoelectric elements) can be used as a means for adjusting the pressing force for each region of the substrate (a means for making the surface pressure distribution uniform).
- the first pressure assembly moves relative to the substrate suction member, even if there is a variation in thickness of the porous member, the shielding member supporting the porous member, and/or the substrate, it becomes easy to press the substrate suction member and the substrate against the polishing pad with an appropriate pressing force by the additional pressure means (second pressure means) via the first pressure assembly. Furthermore, since the first pressure assembly moves relative to the substrate suction member, even if the base member is at a fixed position relative to the polishing pad and the thickness of the substrate changes and/or the height position of the substrate polishing surface changes due to wear of the polishing pad, the substrate can be pressed against the polishing pad uniformly and stably.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a top ring, in which the base member and the substrate suction member are connected by a peripheral band that seals the gap between the two members, and the first pressure assembly is sealed within a space surrounded by the base member, the substrate suction member, and the peripheral band.
- the first pressurizing assembly can be protected from the polishing liquid (slurry) and the like.
- the present application discloses a top ring, in which a linear guide mechanism is provided between an inner side surface of the base member and an outer side surface of the first pressure assembly to guide relative movement between the base member and the first pressure assembly.
- a linear guide mechanism is provided between an inner side surface of the base member and an outer side surface of the first pressure assembly to guide relative movement between the base member and the first pressure assembly.
- the first pressure assembly and the base member can be moved relative to each other while maintaining an appropriate positional relationship between them (the first pressure assembly can be moved with respect to the base member).
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a top ring, in which the first pressure assembly is rectangular in a plan view, and the linear guide mechanism is provided only on a pair of opposing outer side surfaces of the first pressure assembly. According to this embodiment, the relative movement between the first pressure assembly and the base member can be easily performed smoothly.
- the present application discloses a top ring, wherein the first pressure assembly includes a plurality of rollers arranged along its outer periphery, and the substrate suction member has its movement in the vertical direction relative to the first pressure assembly guided by the plurality of rollers. According to this aspect, the first pressure assembly and the substrate suction member can be moved relative to each other while maintaining an appropriate positional relationship between them.
- the present application discloses a top ring, wherein the base member has a first stopper that limits downward movement of the first pressure assembly relative to the base member, and the substrate suction member has a second stopper that limits downward movement of the substrate suction member relative to the first pressure assembly.
- the present application discloses a top ring, wherein the base member, the substrate suction member, and the first pressure assembly are rectangular in a planar view, the first stoppers are provided on the base member corresponding to four corners of the first pressure assembly, and the second stoppers are provided on the substrate suction member corresponding to the four corners of the first pressure assembly.
- the base member, substrate suction member, and first pressure assembly are rectangular in plan view, by providing the first and second stoppers at the four corners of the base member and substrate suction member, it is possible to reliably limit the range of relative movement between each of the members with a simple configuration.
- the present application discloses a top ring, wherein a part or all of the second stopper is configured to be removable together with a corner portion of the substrate suction member, and the substrate suction member can be removed from the first pressure assembly with a part or all of the second stopper removed together with the corner portion of the substrate suction member.
- the substrate suction member can be removed from the top ring by removing a part or the whole of the second stopper, the substrate suction member can be easily removed, which facilitates maintenance such as replacement of the porous member, which is a consumable part included in the substrate suction member.
- the present application discloses, as an embodiment, a top ring in which the substrate includes a substrate body and a plurality of wiring units arranged on the substrate body, and the dimensions of each of the first pressurizing means correspond to the dimensions of each of the wiring units.
- the substrate processing apparatus may polish a substrate on which a plurality of wiring units are formed.
- each of the plurality of wiring units has a wiring pattern.
- an IC chip die or the like may be mounted on each of the plurality of wiring units of the polished substrate.
- each of the wiring units to be polished can be appropriately pressed by each of the first pressure devices, thereby making it possible to polish the wiring patterns of each of the wiring units to a flat height.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a top ring, wherein the substrate is a rectangular substrate.
- the substrate is a rectangular substrate.
- each portion of the rectangular substrate which tends to have a large variation in thickness, can be pressed against the polishing pad with a uniform pressing force, and polished at a uniform polishing rate.
- each of the first pressure means is a piezoelectric element. According to this aspect, by using a piezoelectric element as the first pressure applying means, it is possible to accurately control the pressure applied to each portion of the substrate with a compact and simple configuration.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a top ring, in which the second pressurizing means is a membrane having a pressurizing chamber.
- the second pressurizing means is a membrane having a pressurizing chamber.
- a substrate processing apparatus comprising: the above-mentioned top ring; a polishing table holding a polishing pad for pressing a substrate held by the top ring; the pressure reducing means connected to the porous member; and a first control means for controlling the pressing force by each of the first pressure applying means.
- the first control means controls the pressing forces applied by the plurality of first pressurizing means, so that each portion of the substrate can be pressed against the polishing pad with a uniform pressing force.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a substrate polishing apparatus, wherein the first pressure assembly further has a holder that holds the multiple first pressure means, the base member further has a second pressure means that presses the side of the holder opposite the multiple first pressure means with fluid pressure, and the substrate polishing apparatus further includes a second control means that adjusts the pressing force by the second pressure means.
- the above-mentioned effects are achieved.
- the pressing force by the multiple second pressurizing means can be controlled by the second control means to provide an appropriate pressing force to the entire substrate.
- the pressing force for pressing the substrate against the polishing pad is mainly generated by the second pressurizing means, and the multiple first pressurizing means (e.g., multiple piezoelectric elements) can be used as a means for adjusting the pressing force on each region of the substrate (a means for making the surface pressure distribution uniform).
- the multiple first pressurizing means e.g., multiple piezoelectric elements
- the pressing force on each region of the substrate from the second pressurizing means can be adjusted, and the surface pressure distribution over the entire substrate can be made uniform.
- the present application discloses a substrate polishing apparatus in which the first control means adjusts the pressing force by each first pressure means based on a measurement result of the film thickness distribution during polishing so that the film thickness distribution of the substrate becomes a target film thickness distribution.
- the first control means adjusts the pressing force by each first pressure means based on a measurement result of the film thickness distribution during polishing so that the film thickness distribution of the substrate becomes a target film thickness distribution.
- the present application discloses, as one embodiment, a method for calibrating a top ring having a plurality of piezoelectric elements using a genetic algorithm, comprising: preparing a plurality of genetic data, which is array data in which data representing voltages to be supplied to each piezoelectric element is arranged in binary; actually supplying voltages corresponding to the plurality of genetic data to the plurality of piezoelectric elements to measure the pressure force by each piezoelectric element; calculating a standard deviation of the measured values of the pressure force by the plurality of piezoelectric elements for each of the genetic data; if the minimum standard deviation of the standard deviations for the plurality of genetic data is equal to or greater than a predetermined allowable value, performing selection, crossover and/or mutation processing using a genetic algorithm on the plurality of genetic data to create new plurality of genetic data; using the new plurality of genetic data, measuring the pressure force by the plurality of piezoelectric elements and calculating the standard deviation for each genetic data; and repeating this process until the minimum standard deviation of the
- the present application provides a recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a method for calibrating a top ring having a plurality of piezoelectric elements using a genetic algorithm, comprising: preparing a plurality of genetic data, which is array data in which data representing voltages to be supplied to each piezoelectric element in binary numbers is arranged; actually supplying voltages corresponding to the plurality of genetic data to the plurality of piezoelectric elements to measure the pressing force of each piezoelectric element; calculating a standard deviation of the measured values of the pressing forces of the plurality of piezoelectric elements for each of the genetic data; and if the smallest standard deviation among the standard deviations for the plurality of genetic data is equal to or greater than a predetermined allowable value, determining whether a genetic algorithm is performed for the plurality of genetic data.
- the present invention discloses a recording medium that stores a program for causing a computer to execute the following: execute selection, crossover, and/or mutation processes using a genetic algorithm to create new genetic data; use the new genetic data to measure the pressure force of the piezoelectric elements; and use the new genetic data to calculate the standard deviation for each genetic data; repeating this process until the minimum standard deviation among the standard deviations for the genetic data falls below the predetermined allowable value; and when the minimum standard deviation among the standard deviations for the genetic data falls below the predetermined allowable value, select the genetic data corresponding to the minimum standard deviation as a combination of voltages to be supplied to the piezoelectric elements.
- the recording medium is also referred to as a storage medium or storage device.
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Abstract
Description
ロードユニット100は、研磨および洗浄などの処理が行われる前の基板WFを基板処理装置1000内へ導入するためのユニットである。一実施形態において、ロードユニット100は、SMEMA(Surface Mount Equipment Manufacturers Association)の機械装置インタフェース規格(IPC-SMEMA-9851)に準拠するように構成される。
図1に示される基板処理装置1000は、2つの搬送ユニット200A、200Bを備えている。2つの搬送ユニット200A、200Bは同一の構成とすることができるので、以下において、一括して搬送ユニット200として説明する。
図2は、一実施形態による研磨ユニット300の構成を概略的に示す斜視図である。図1に示される基板処理装置1000は、2つの研磨ユニット300A、300Bを備えている。2つの研磨ユニット300A、300Bは同一の構成とすることができるので、以下において、一括して研磨ユニット300として説明する。
乾燥ユニット500は、基板WFを乾燥させるための装置である。図1に示される基板処理装置1000においては、乾燥ユニット500は、研磨ユニット300で研磨された後に、搬送ユニット200の洗浄部で洗浄された基板WFを乾燥させる。図1に示されるように、乾燥ユニット500は、搬送ユニット200の下流に配置される。乾燥ユニット500は、搬送ローラ202上を搬送される基板WFに向けて気体を噴射するためのノズル530を有する。気体は、たとえば圧縮された空気または窒素とすることができる。搬送される基板WF上の水滴を乾燥ユニット500によって吹き飛ばすことで、基板WFを乾燥させることができる。
アンロードユニット600は、研磨および洗浄などの処理が行われた後の基板WFを基板処理装置1000の外へ搬出するためのユニットである。図1に示される基板処理装置1000においては、アンロードユニット600は、乾燥ユニット500で乾燥された後の基板を受け入れる。図1に示されるように、アンロードユニット600は、乾燥ユニット500の下流に配置される。一実施形態において、アンロードユニット600は、SMEMA(Surface Mount Equipment Manufacturers Association)の機械装置インタフェース規格(IPC-SMEMA-9851)に準拠するように構成される。
次に、一実施形態による研磨ユニット300におけるトップリング302について説明する。図3及び図4は、一実施形態のトップリング302を概略的に示す断面図である。図3は、基板WFを研磨パッド352に接触させて、メンブレン422及び圧電素子432を加圧状態にしたときのトップリング302の断面図を示す。図4は、基板WFが研磨パッド352に接触せず、メンブレン422及び圧電素子432が未加圧状態のときのトップリング302の断面図を示す。
複数の圧電素子432のキャリブレーションについて説明する。圧電素子432のキャリブレーションは、各圧電素子432の印加電圧(ストローク)と、基板WFを研磨パッド352に押し付けた際の面圧分布均一性との関係を調整することを目的とする(圧電素子432の変形ヒステリシス、圧電素子432の設置高さ、及び基板吸着部材410(多孔質部材411、遮蔽部材412)の厚さなどの不均一に起因する押圧力の差を考慮するものである)。
図8は、トップリングのキャリブレーション方法の一例を説明する説明図である。このキャリブレーション方法では、研磨パッド352上に面圧分布測定器500を置き、その面圧分布測定器500の上に、基板WFを吸着させたトップリング302を置き、トップリング302の加圧室422A(図3)に圧縮空気を供給して、基板WFを研磨パッド352に押し付ける。なお、このとき、WFを保持しない状態で多孔質部材411(図3)を研磨パッド352に押し付けても良い。面圧分布測定器500は、例えば、シート状の感圧センサ又はタクタイルセンサとすることができる。なお、面圧分布測定器500の感圧部は、基板WF全体をカバーできる大きさとし、面圧分布測定器500の面圧分布測定範囲を基板WFの寸法より大きく構成するものとする。
図9は、トップリングのキャリブレーション方法の他の例を説明する説明図である。図10は、圧電素子のキャリブレーションのフローチャートである。この例では、各圧電素子432に印加する電圧値の2進数表示を含む配列を遺伝子データとして遺伝的アルゴリズム(GA:genetic algorithm)によって、各圧電素子432の電圧値をキャリブレーションする。
n:圧電素子の数
i:圧電素子の番号
Pi:i番目の圧電素子の押付力測定装置の圧力測定値
(1)上記では、複数の圧電素子を備えるトップリングを例に挙げたが、圧電素子に代えて、複数の押圧力を互いに完全に独立に発生させることができる他のタイプの複数のアクチュエータを用いても良い。このような複数のアクチュエータを構成するアクチュエータとしては、油圧シリンダ・モータのような油圧式アクチュエータ、空気圧モータや空気圧シリンダのような空気圧式アクチュエータ、電動モータのような電気式アクチュエータ、磁歪素子を使った磁歪アクチュエータ、リニアモータのような電磁アクチュエータ、小型ピストン、等が挙げられる。
(2)上記では、四角形の基板を例に挙げたが、円形のウエハの研磨に使用するトップリングに上記実施形態を適用してもよい。
(3)上記では、加圧室422A(メンブレン422)が基板WFの各部(各領域)を研磨パッド352に押し付ける押圧力を、複数の圧電素子432で局所的に調整する構成の例を挙げたが、加圧室422A(メンブレン422)を省略し、上下動機構319によってトップリング302の高さを調整して、基板WFを研磨パッド352に接触又は微小な押圧力で押し付ける高さに維持した後に、複数の圧電素子432によって基板WFの各部(各領域)を押圧して、基板WFの各部(各領域)に加わる押圧力を調整するようにしてもよい。
この形態によれば、トップリングの複数の第1加圧手段が多孔質部材を介して基板を研磨パッドに押し付け、各第1加圧手段の押圧力を互いに完全に独立に/個別に調整可能である。このため、多孔質部材、多孔質部材を支持する遮蔽部材、及び/又は基板に厚みのバラツキがある場合であっても、各第1加圧手段の押圧力を個別に調整して、基板の各部位(領域)を均一な押圧力で研磨パッドに押し付けることができ、研磨レートの面内均一性を向上することができる。この結果、基板上の被研磨層をより均一な研磨量で研磨することができる。
この形態によれば、第2加圧手段により基板全体を押す押圧力を調整しながら、複数の第1加圧手段によって基板の各部位への押圧力を調整することができるので、基板の各部位を所望の均一な押圧力で研磨パッドに押し付けることができる。言い換えれば、基板を研磨パッドに押し付ける押圧力は、主に第2加圧手段で発生させ、複数の第1加圧手段(例えば、複数の圧電素子)は、基板の各領域への押圧力を調整する手段(面圧分布を均一化する手段)として用いることができる。例えば、各圧電素子のストロークを制御することにより、第2加圧手段からの基板の各領域への押圧力を調整し、基板全域にわたる面圧分布を均一化することができる。
この形態によれば、伸縮性の小さい非膨張流体バッグを介して各第1加圧手段からの押圧力を多孔質部材に伝達することで、各第1加圧手段による押しムラを低減できる。この結果、基板の全域に隙間なく適切な押圧力を与えることができる。
この形態によれば、流体として液体を保持することにより、伸縮性が小さい非膨張流体バッグを容易に構成することができる。
この形態によれば、ベース部材に対して第1加圧アセンブリが移動するので、ベース部材に追加の加圧手段(第2加圧手段)を配置して第1加圧アセンブリを基板方向に容易に押すことができる。この場合、基板を研磨パッドに押し付ける押圧力は、主に第2加圧手段で発生させ、複数の第1加圧手段(例えば、複数の圧電素子)は、基板の各領域への押圧力を調整する手段(面圧分布を均一化する手段)として用いることができる。また、基板吸着部材に対して第1加圧アセンブリが移動するので、多孔質部材、多孔質部材を支持する遮蔽部材、及び/又は基板に厚みのバラツキがある場合であっても、第1加圧アセンブリを介して、追加の加圧手段(第2加圧手段)によって適切な押圧力で基板吸着部材及び基板を研磨パッドに押し付けることが容易になる。さらに、基板吸着部材に対して第1加圧アセンブリが移動するので、ベース部材が研磨パッドに対して一定の位置であり、基板の厚さが変化する場合、及び/又は、研磨パッドの摩耗による基板研磨面の高さ位置が変化する場合であっても、均一にかつ安定して基板を研磨パッドに押し付けることができる。
この形態によれば、第1加圧アセンブリを研磨液(スラリー)等から保護することができる。
この形態によれば、第1加圧アセンブリ及びベース部材の間の適切な位置関係を維持しつつ、両者を相対移動させることができる(第1加圧アセンブリをベース部材に対して移動させることができる)。
この形態によれば、第1加圧アセンブリ及びベース部材の間の相対移動をスムーズに行い易い。
この形態によれば、第1加圧アセンブリ及び基板吸着部材の間の適切な位置関係を維持しつつ、両者を相対移動させることができる。
この形態によれば、トップリングを研磨パッドから離間させて上昇させたときに、トップリングの各部が衝突、脱落等することを防止して、トップリングの適切な動作を保証することができる。
この形態によれば、ベース部材、基板吸着部材、及び第1加圧アセンブリの各部材が平面視四角形である場合に、第1及び第2ストッパをベース部材及び基板吸着部材の4つの隅部に設けることで、簡易な構成で確実に各部材間の相対移動の範囲を制限することができる。
この形態によれば、第2ストッパの一部又は全部を取り外して基板吸着部材をトップリングから取り外すことができるので、基板吸着部材の取り外しが容易である。これにより、基板吸着部材に含まれる消耗部品である多孔質部材の交換等のメンテナンスを容易に行うことができる。
この形態によれば、基板が複数の配線ユニットを含む場合に、研磨対象である各配線ユニットを各第1加圧手段で適切に押圧することができる。これにより、各配線ユニットの配線パターンの高さを平坦に研磨できる。
この形態によれば、厚さのバラツキが大きい傾向にある角形基板の各部位を均一な押圧力で研磨パッドに押し付けることができ、均一な研磨レートで研磨することができる。
この形態によれば、第1加圧手段として圧電素子を用いることで、コンパクトかつ簡易な構成で、基板の各部位への押圧力を正確に制御することができる。
この形態によれば、第2加圧手段としてメンブレンを用いることで、コンパクトかつ簡易な構成で、基板全体を押す押圧力を正確に制御することができる。
この形態によれば、上述した作用効果を奏する。特に、第1制御手段により複数の第1加圧手段による押圧力を制御して、基板の各部位を均一な押圧力で研磨パッドに押し付けることができる。
この形態によれば、上述した作用効果を奏する。特に、第2制御手段により複数の第2加圧手段による押圧力を制御して、基板全体に適切な押圧力を与えることができる。また、基板を研磨パッドに押し付ける押圧力は、主に第2加圧手段で発生させ、複数の第1加圧手段(例えば、複数の圧電素子)は、基板の各領域への押圧力を調整する手段(面圧分布を均一化する手段)として用いることができる。例えば、各圧電素子(第1加圧手段)のストロークを制御することにより、第2加圧手段からの基板の各領域への押圧力を調整し、基板全域にわたる面圧分布を均一化することができる。
この形態によれば、研磨中の膜厚分布の測定結果に基づいて各第1加圧手段の押圧力を調整することにより、基板の膜厚分布を目標の膜厚分布に近づけるので、基板の膜厚分布の正確な制御が可能である。
この形態によれば、複数の圧電素子のキャリブレーションを簡易且つ正確に行うことができる。
300 研磨ユニット
302 トップリング
350 研磨テーブル
351 テーブルシャフト
352 研磨パッド
410 基板吸着部材
411 多孔質部材
411a 基板吸着面
411b 減圧部
412 遮蔽部材
413 枠部材
413A ストッパ
413B 締結部材
414 吸引孔
415 減圧手段
418 支持パッド
419 外周バンド
420 ベース部材
421 ベース本体
421A ストッパ
422 メンブレン(弾性膜)
422A 加圧室
423 吸引路
424 流路
425 圧縮空気供給源
426 リニアガイド
430 圧電素子部材
431 保持体(ホルダ)
432 圧電素子
433 流体バッグ
434 押付力測定装置
435 駆動電圧印加装置
436 電気配線
437 リニアガイド
438 支持ローラ
500 面圧分布測定器
501 PC
900 制御装置
1000 基板処理装置
WF 基板
Claims (21)
- 基板を保持するためのトップリングであって、
回転シャフトに連結されたベース部材と、
基板を吸着するための基板吸着面および減圧手段と連通する減圧部を有する多孔質部材を含む基板吸着部材と、
前記ベース部材と前記基板吸着部材との間に配置され、前記基板吸着部材の前記基板吸着面とは反対側に配置された複数の第1加圧手段を有する第1加圧アセンブリであって、各第1加圧手段は互いに完全に独立に前記基板吸着部材に対して押圧力を加えることが可能に構成されている第1加圧アセンブリと、
を備える、トップリング。 - 請求項1に記載のトップリングであって、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、前記複数の第1加圧手段を保持する保持体を更に有し、
前記ベース部材は、前記保持体の前記複数の第1加圧手段とは反対側を流体圧で押圧する第2加圧手段を更に有する、トップリング。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のトップリングであって、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、各加圧手段の前記基板吸着部材側に設けられた、伸縮性の小さい流体バッグを更に有する、トップリング。 - 請求項3に記載のトップリングであって、
前記流体バッグは液体を保持している、トップリング。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のトップリングであって、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、前記ベース部材及び前記基板吸着部材に対して上下方向に移動可能に構成されている、トップリング。 - 請求項5に記載のトップリングであって、
前記ベース部材と前記基板吸着部材とは、両部材の間の隙間を密閉する外周バンドで連結されており、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、前記ベース部材と前記基板吸着部材と前記外周バンドで囲まれた空間内に密閉されている、トップリング。 - 請求項5に記載のトップリングであって、
前記ベース部材の内側側面と前記第1加圧アセンブリの外側側面との間に、前記ベース部材と前記第1加圧アセンブリの相対的な移動を案内するリニアガイド機構が設けられている、トップリング。 - 請求項7に記載のトップリングであって、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、平面視四角形であり、
前記リニアガイド機構は、前記第1加圧アセンブリの対向する一対の外側側面のみに設けられている、トップリング。 - 請求項5に記載のトップリングであって、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、その外周に沿って設けられた複数のローラを備え、
前記基板吸着部材は、前記複数のローラによって前記第1加圧アセンブリに対する上下方向の移動が案内される、トップリング。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のトップリングであって、
前記ベース部材は、該ベース部材に対する前記第1加圧アセンブリの下方への移動を制限する第1ストッパを有し、
前記基板吸着部材は、前記第1加圧アセンブリに対する前記基板吸着部材の下方への移動を制限する第2ストッパを有する、トップリング。 - 請求項10に記載のトップリングであって、
前記ベース部材、前記基板吸着部材、及び前記第1加圧アセンブリは、平面視四角形であり、
前記第1ストッパは、前記第1加圧アセンブリの4つの隅部に対応して前記ベース部材に設けられ、
前記第2ストッパは、前記第1加圧アセンブリの4つの隅部に対応して前記基板吸着部材に設けられている、トップリング。 - 請求項11に記載のトップリングであって、
前記第2ストッパの一部又は全部は、前記基板吸着部材の隅部と共に取り外し可能に構成されており、
前記第2ストッパの一部又は全部を前記基板吸着部材の隅部と共に取り外した状態で、前記基板吸着部材を前記第1加圧アセンブリから取り外し可能である、トップリング。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のトップリングであって、
前記基板は、基板本体と、前記基板本体上に配置された複数の配線ユニットとを含み、
各第1加圧手段の寸法は、各配線ユニットの寸法に対応する、トップリング。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のトップリングであって、
前記基板は四角形の基板である、トップリング。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のトップリングであって、
各第1加圧手段は圧電素子である、トップリング。 - 請求項2に記載にトップリングであって、
前記第2加圧手段は、加圧室を備えるメンブレンである、トップリング。 - 基板処理装置であって、
請求項1から16の何れかに記載のトップリングと、
前記トップリングに保持された基板を押し付けるための研磨パッドを保持する研磨テーブルと、
前記多孔質部材に接続された前記減圧手段と、
各第1加圧手段による押圧力を制御する第1制御手段と、
を備える基板処理装置。 - 請求項17に記載の基板処理装置であって、
前記第1加圧アセンブリは、前記複数の第1加圧手段を保持する保持体を更に有し、
前記ベース部材は、前記保持体の前記複数の第1加圧手段とは反対側を流体圧で押圧する第2加圧手段を更に有し、
前記第2加圧手段による押圧力を調整する第2制御手段を更に備える、基板研磨装置。 - 請求項17又は18に記載の基板処理装置であって、
前記第1制御手段は、研磨中の膜厚分布の測定結果に基づいて、前記基板の膜厚分布が、目標の膜厚分布になるように各第1加圧手段による押圧力を調整する、基板研磨装置。 - 複数の圧電素子を備えるトップリングを遺伝的アルゴリズムを使用してキャリブレーションする方法であって、
各圧電素子に供給する電圧を2進数で表したデータを並べた配列データである遺伝子データを複数準備し、
前記複数の遺伝子データに対応する電圧を前記複数の圧電素子に実際に供給して、各圧電素子による押圧力を測定し、
前記遺伝子データごとに前記複数の圧電素子による押圧力の測定値の標準偏差を算出し、
前記複数の遺伝子データに対する標準偏差のうち最小の標準偏差が、所定の許容値以上であれば、前記複数の遺伝子データに対して、遺伝的アルゴリズムによる選択、交叉及び/又は突然変異の処理を実行して、新たな複数の遺伝子データを作成し、新たな複数の遺伝子データを用いて、前記複数の圧電素子による押圧力の測定、及び各遺伝子データに対する標準偏差の算出を実行することを、前記複数の遺伝子データに対する標準偏差のうち最小の標準偏差が前記所定の許容値未満になるまで繰り返し、
前記複数の遺伝子データに対する標準偏差のうち最小の標準偏差が前記所定の許容値未満になったとき、当該最小の標準偏差に対応する遺伝子データを、前記複数の圧電素子に供給する電圧の組み合わせとして選択する、
方法。 - 複数の圧電素子を備えるトップリングを遺伝的アルゴリズムを使用してキャリブレーションする方法をコンピュータに実行させるプログラムを記憶する記録媒体であって、
各圧電素子に供給する電圧を2進数で表したデータを並べた配列データである遺伝子データを複数準備し、
前記複数の遺伝子データに対応する電圧を前記複数の圧電素子に実際に供給して、各圧電素子による押圧力を測定し、
前記遺伝子データごとに前記複数の圧電素子による押圧力の測定値の標準偏差を算出し、
前記複数の遺伝子データに対する標準偏差のうち最小の標準偏差が、所定の許容値以上であれば、前記複数の遺伝子データに対して、遺伝的アルゴリズムによる選択、交叉及び/又は突然変異の処理を実行して、新たな複数の遺伝子データを作成し、新たな複数の遺伝子データを用いて、前記複数の圧電素子による押圧力の測定、及び各遺伝子データに対する標準偏差の算出を実行することを、前記複数の遺伝子データに対する標準偏差のうち最小の標準偏差が前記所定の許容値未満になるまで繰り返し、
前記複数の遺伝子データに対する標準偏差のうち最小の標準偏差が前記所定の許容値未満になったとき、当該最小の標準偏差に対応する遺伝子データを、前記複数の圧電素子に供給する電圧の組み合わせとして選択する、
ことをコンピュータに実行させるプログラムを記憶する記録媒体。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07225752A (ja) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-08-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | 状態遷移の概念を導入した問題解決演算装置および方法 |
| JP2011177854A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-15 | Seiko Epson Corp | 吸着装置および液滴吐出装置 |
| JP2015125643A (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-06 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 分散型エネルギーシステムの設備計画方法、プログラムおよび装置 |
| JP2020044626A (ja) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 研磨ヘッドおよび研磨装置 |
| JP2021112797A (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-08-05 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 研磨ヘッドシステムおよび研磨装置 |
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| JP2000094301A (ja) | 1998-09-22 | 2000-04-04 | Canon Inc | 基板研磨方法および基板研磨装置 |
| JP2009225820A (ja) | 2008-03-19 | 2009-10-08 | Daiichi Shokai Co Ltd | 遊技機 |
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- 2023-10-03 CN CN202380072505.6A patent/CN120018934A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07225752A (ja) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-08-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | 状態遷移の概念を導入した問題解決演算装置および方法 |
| JP2011177854A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-15 | Seiko Epson Corp | 吸着装置および液滴吐出装置 |
| JP2015125643A (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-06 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 分散型エネルギーシステムの設備計画方法、プログラムおよび装置 |
| JP2020044626A (ja) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 研磨ヘッドおよび研磨装置 |
| JP2021112797A (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-08-05 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 研磨ヘッドシステムおよび研磨装置 |
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| TW202421358A (zh) | 2024-06-01 |
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