Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B15/00—Driving, starting or stopping record carriers of filamentary or web form; Driving both such record carriers and heads; Guiding such record carriers or containers therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function
  • G11B15/02—Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing
  • G11B15/05—Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing by sensing features present on or derived from record carrier or container
  • G11B15/093—Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing by sensing features present on or derived from record carrier or container by sensing driving condition of record carrier, e.g. travel, tape tension
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B15/00—Driving, starting or stopping record carriers of filamentary or web form; Driving both such record carriers and heads; Guiding such record carriers or containers therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function
  • G11B15/18—Driving; Starting; Stopping; Arrangements for control or regulation thereof
  • G11B15/43—Control or regulation of mechanical tension of record carrier, e.g. tape tension
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B21/00—Head arrangements not specific to the method of recording or reproducing
  • G11B21/02—Driving or moving of heads
  • G11B21/10—Track finding or aligning by moving the head ; Provisions for maintaining alignment of the head relative to the track during transducing operation, i.e. track following
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B23/00—Record carriers not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Accessories, e.g. containers, specially adapted for co-operation with the recording or reproducing apparatus ; Intermediate mediums; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for their manufacture
  • G11B23/02—Containers; Storing means both adapted to cooperate with the recording or reproducing means
  • G11B23/04—Magazines; Cassettes for webs or filaments
  • G11B23/08—Magazines; Cassettes for webs or filaments for housing webs or filaments having two distinct ends
  • G11B23/107—Magazines; Cassettes for webs or filaments for housing webs or filaments having two distinct ends using one reel or core, one end of the record carrier coming out of the magazine or cassette
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B23/00—Record carriers not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Accessories, e.g. containers, specially adapted for co-operation with the recording or reproducing apparatus ; Intermediate mediums; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for their manufacture
  • G11B23/30—Record carriers not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Accessories, e.g. containers, specially adapted for co-operation with the recording or reproducing apparatus ; Intermediate mediums; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for their manufacture with provision for auxiliary signals
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
  • G11B5/29—Structure or manufacture of unitary devices formed of plural heads for more than one track
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
  • G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
  • G11B5/584—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on tapes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
  • G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
  • G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
  • G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
  • G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
  • G11B5/706—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the composition of the magnetic material
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
  • G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/74—Record carriers characterised by the form, e.g. sheet shaped to wrap around a drum
  • G11B5/78—Tape carriers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/84—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers

Definitions

• This technology relates to magnetic recording media.
• tape-type magnetic recording media With high total capacity are being incorporated into cloud systems.
• Current tape-type magnetic recording media have a narrower environmental temperature range for actual operation and storage than HDDs (Hard Disk Drives) and semiconductor memory, so there is a demand for expanding the environmental temperature range for actual operation and storage of tape-type magnetic recording media. It is believed that if tape-type magnetic recording media could be used in the same temperature environment as HDDs and semiconductor memory, the range of uses for tape-type magnetic recording media would be greatly expanded.
• Patent Document 1 proposes a tape-type magnetic recording medium that can correct width changes by adjusting the longitudinal tension of the tape-type magnetic recording medium using a recording and playback device, even if the width dimension of the tape-type magnetic recording medium changes due to environmental changes.
• the present technology aims to provide a tape-like magnetic recording medium and a cartridge equipped with the same that can correct changes in the width of the magnetic recording medium by adjusting the running tension of the magnetic recording medium, even when the magnetic recording medium is stored or run in a high-temperature environment.
• the present technology relates to a tape-shaped magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer having a plurality of servo bands in which a plurality of servo patterns adjacent to each other in a width direction are recorded, the absolute value of the average width change of the magnetic recording medium before and after being left standing for 40 hours in an environment of a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 40% RH with a tension of 0.55 N per 1 ⁇ 2 inch of width applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic recording medium is 170 ppm or less; And, the average tension response to tension in the longitudinal direction in an environment of a temperature of 50° C.
• the magnetic recording medium has a mean difference over the entire length of the magnetic recording medium between two adjacent servo band pitches in the plurality of servo bands of 100 nm or less.
• the magnetic recording medium according to the present technology may have an average tension response of 715 ppm/N or more and 15,000 ppm/N or less.
• the absolute value of the average width change may be 140 ppm or less.
• a magnetic recording medium according to the present technology sequentially comprises a substrate, an underlayer, and a magnetic layer, and the substrate can include polyesters.
• the polyesters may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
• the average thickness of the substrate can be 4.4 ⁇ m or less.
• the magnetic layer can be a vacuum thin film.
• the magnetic layer can be a coating film.
• the magnetic layer may contain magnetic powder.
• the magnetic powder may include ⁇ iron oxide magnetic powder, hexagonal ferrite magnetic powder, or Co-containing spinel ferrite magnetic powder.
• the average thickness of the magnetic layer can be 90 nm or less.
• the underlayer may have an average thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
• the average thickness of the magnetic recording medium can be 5.3 ⁇ m or less.
• the squareness ratio of the magnetic layer in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic recording medium can be 35% or less.
• the magnetic layer can have five or more servo bands.
• the width of the servo band can be 98 ⁇ m or less.
• the magnetic layer is configured so that a plurality of data tracks can be formed, and the width of the data tracks can be 1100 nm or less.
• the Young's modulus can be 8 GPa or less.
• the present technology is a method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium in which a plurality of servo patterns adjacent to each other in a width direction of the magnetic recording medium are recorded on a magnetic layer of the magnetic recording medium, the method comprising the steps of: running the magnetic recording medium; and individually adjusting the temperatures of a plurality of recording portions of a servo write head;
• the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium, in which the plurality of servo patterns are recorded on the magnetic layer by the plurality of recording portions.
• the present technology provides a cartridge including the magnetic recording medium and a storage unit configured to be able to write adjustment information for adjusting the tension applied to the magnetic recording medium in the longitudinal direction.
• FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a configuration of a cartridge according to a first embodiment of the present technology.
• 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a magnetic recording medium.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic recording medium as viewed from above (the magnetic layer side). 2 is an enlarged view showing a recording track in a data band of the magnetic recording medium.
• FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a part of a servo pattern written in a servo band of the magnetic recording medium.
• FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a particle shape.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a TEM photograph of a magnetic layer.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a TEM photograph of a magnetic layer.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a measuring device.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a tape drive device.
• 2 is a schematic diagram of the drive head in the tape drive device as viewed from below (the tape running surface).
• FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state when a first drive head portion of the drive head is recording/reproducing a data signal.
• FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view showing an example of servo pattern arrangement
• FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the reproduced waveform.
• 1A is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a servo pattern in which first servo band identification information is embedded, and FIG.
• 1B is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a servo pattern in which second servo band identification information is embedded.
• 4A and 4B are diagrams showing a reproduced waveform of a first servo pattern and a reproduced waveform of a second servo pattern, respectively;
• FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a drive head tracking a data band.
• 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining a method of measuring a servo trace line.
• 1 is a schematic front view showing a servo pattern recording device according to an embodiment of the present technology;
• FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view showing a part of the servo pattern recording device.
• 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a servo write head in the servo pattern recording device.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of the servo write head.
• 2 is a schematic plan view of a main part of the servo write head.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a drive unit in the servo pattern recording device.
• FIG. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams respectively showing a recording signal waveform (A) of a first servo subframe in a first pulse signal and a recording signal waveform (B) of the first servo subframe in a second pulse signal.
• 2 is a perspective view showing a pair of guide rollers for guiding the running of a magnetic tape in the servo pattern recording device.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of the servo write head.
• 2 is a schematic plan view of a main part of the servo write head.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a drive unit in the servo pattern recording device.
• FIG. 1 is a graph showing an experimental result comparing servo band pitches of each data band measured on the same magnetic tape.
• 1 shows an experimental result showing the relationship between the magnitude of the recording current of the servo pattern and the servo band pitch.
• the graph shows the results of an experiment that shows the relationship between the magnitude of the recording current, the temperature change of the servo write head, and the running time of the magnetic tape.
• the graph shows the results of an experiment that shows the change in servo band pitch when the recording current is alternately changed between a current value that is -20% of the reference current and a current value that is +20% of the recording current.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of a servo write head equipped with a blower unit.
• FIG. 11 is a result of an experiment showing how the servo pattern pitch changes depending on whether or not a cooling gas (air) is introduced.
• This figure shows the maximum value (max) and minimum value (min) of the servo band pitch, which is the distance between two adjacent servo bands, as well as the difference between these maximum and minimum values (servo band pitch difference: SBD), and is the result of an experiment conducted without cooling the servo write head.
• 33 is a diagram similar to FIG. 32 showing the results of an experiment conducted while cooling the servo write head.
• 33 is a diagram similar to FIG. 32 showing the results of another experiment performed while cooling the servo write head.
• 2 is a schematic plan view of a servo write head having a plurality of grooves.
• FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing the groove in detail.
• 36 is a schematic plan view showing a modified example of the configuration of the servo write head shown in FIG. 35.
• FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a magnetic tape according to a second embodiment of the present technology.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a sputtering apparatus.
• FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a magnetic tape according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
• FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a configuration of a cartridge according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology.
• 4 is a graph showing the measurement results of the amount of change in width of the magnetic tape according to Example 1.
• 1 is a graph showing an estimated width change over 10 years in each of the examples and comparative examples.
• 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of calculating the movement angle of a drive head that
• First embodiment (example of coated magnetic tape) (1) Cartridge configuration (2) Magnetic tape configuration (3) Magnetic tape manufacturing method (4) Tape drive device configuration (5) Servo pattern recording device configuration (6) Effects 2.
• Second embodiment (example of vacuum thin film type magnetic tape) (1) Structure of the magnetic tape (2) Structure of the sputtering device (3) Manufacturing method of the magnetic tape (4) Function and effect 3.
• Third embodiment (another example of a vacuum thin film type magnetic tape) (1) Structure of the magnetic tape (2) Function and effect 4. Modifications 5. Examples
• the measurement is performed in an environment of 25°C ⁇ 2°C and 50% RH ⁇ 5% RH.
• the numerical ranges indicated using “from” indicate ranges that include the numerical values stated before and after “from” as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
• FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a tape cartridge 10 according to an embodiment of the present technology.
• the tape cartridge 10 will be described by taking an example of a tape cartridge conforming to the LTO standard.
• the tape cartridge 10 comprises a cartridge case 11, a tape reel 13, and a magnetic tape MT.
• the cartridge case 11 is constructed by connecting an upper shell 11a and a lower shell 11b with a number of screw members.
• a single tape reel 13 wound with the magnetic tape MT is rotatably housed inside the cartridge case 11.
• a chucking gear (not shown) is formed in an annular shape in the center of the bottom of the tape reel 13, which engages with the spindle 31 (see FIG. 10) of the tape drive device 30.
• This chucking gear is exposed to the outside through an opening 14 formed in the center of the lower shell 11b.
• a ring-shaped metal plate 15 is fixed to the inner circumference of this chucking gear, which is magnetically attracted to the spindle 31.
• a reel spring 16, a reel lock member 17, and a spider 18 are arranged between the inner surface of the upper shell 11a and the tape reel 13. These constitute a reel lock mechanism that prevents the tape reel 13 from rotating when the cartridge 10 is not in use.
• a tape pull-out opening 19 for pulling out one end of the magnetic tape MT to the outside is provided on one side wall of the cartridge case 11.
• a sliding door 20 for opening and closing the tape pull-out opening 19 is disposed inside this side wall.
• the sliding door 20 is configured to slide in a direction that opens the tape pull-out opening 19 against the biasing force of a torsion spring 21 by engaging with a tape loading mechanism (not shown) of the tape drive device 30.
• a leader pin 22 is fixed to one end of the magnetic tape MT.
• the leader pin 22 is configured to be detachable from a pin holding portion 23 provided on the inside side of the tape withdrawal opening 19.
• the pin holding portion 23 is equipped with elastic holders 24 that elastically hold the upper and lower ends of the leader pin 22 on the inner surface of the top wall (inner surface of the upper shell 11a) and the inner surface of the bottom wall (inner surface of the lower shell 11b) of the cartridge case 11.
• a safety tab 25 for preventing the accidental erasure of information recorded on the magnetic tape MT, as well as a cartridge memory 9 that can contactlessly read and write the contents of the data recorded on the magnetic tape MT and information about the magnetic tape MT.
• FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of the magnetic tape MT.
• the magnetic tape MT includes a long substrate 41, an underlayer 42 provided on one main surface (first main surface) of the substrate 41, a magnetic layer 43 provided on the underlayer 42, and a back layer 44 provided on the other main surface (second main surface) of the substrate 41.
• the underlayer 42 and the back layer 44 are provided as necessary and may not be required.
• the magnetic tape MT may be a perpendicular recording type magnetic recording medium or a longitudinal recording type magnetic recording medium. From the viewpoint of improving running performance, the magnetic tape MT preferably contains a lubricant.
• the lubricant may be included in at least one layer of the underlayer 42 and the magnetic layer 43.
• the magnetic tape MT may be one that complies with the LTO standard, or one that complies with a standard other than the LTO standard.
• the width of the magnetic tape MT may be 1/2 inch, or may be wider than 1/2 inch. If the magnetic tape MT complies with the LTO standard, the width of the magnetic tape MT is 7 1/2 inches.
• the magnetic tape MT may have a configuration that allows the width of the magnetic tape MT to be kept constant or nearly constant by adjusting the tension applied to the magnetic tape MT in the longitudinal direction during running using a recording and playback device (drive).
• the magnetic tape MT is long and runs in the longitudinal direction during recording and playback.
• the magnetic tape MT is preferably used in a recording and playback device equipped with a ring-type head as a recording head.
• the magnetic tape MT is preferably used in a recording and playback device configured to be able to record data with a data track width of 1100 nm or less or 900 nm or less.
• the substrate 41 is a non-magnetic support that supports the underlayer 42 and the magnetic layer 43.
• the substrate 41 has a long film shape.
• the upper limit of the average thickness of the substrate 41 is, for example, 4.4 ⁇ m or less, preferably 4.2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 4.0 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 3.8 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 3.6 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 3.4 ⁇ m or less.
• the upper limit of the average thickness of the substrate 41 is 4.4 ⁇ m or less, the recording capacity that can be recorded in one data cartridge can be increased compared to that of a general magnetic tape.
• the lower limit of the average thickness of the substrate 41 is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3.2 ⁇ m or more. When the lower limit of the average thickness of the substrate 41 is 3 ⁇ m or more, the strength reduction of the substrate 41 can be suppressed.
• the average thickness of the substrate 41 is determined as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut into lengths of 250 mm from each of the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT to prepare three samples.
• "longitudinal direction" in “longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT” means the direction from one end on the leader tape LT side to the other end on the opposite side.
• each sample i.e., the undercoat layer 42, the magnetic layer 43, and the back layer 44
• a solvent such as MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) or dilute hydrochloric acid.
• the thickness of each sample (substrate 41) is measured at five positions using a Mitutoyo Laser Hologram (LGH-110C) as a measuring device, and the average thickness of the substrate 41 is calculated by arithmetically averaging these measurements (a total of 15 sample thicknesses). Note that the five measurement positions are selected randomly from each sample so that they are different positions in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the substrate 41 includes, for example, at least one of polyesters, polyolefins, cellulose derivatives, vinyl resins, and other polymer resins.
• the substrate 41 includes two or more of the above materials, the two or more materials may be mixed, copolymerized, or laminated.
• the base 41 contains polyesters.
• the storage modulus E' in the longitudinal direction of the base 41 can be reduced to preferably 9.0 GPa or less, more preferably 7.5 GPa or less, even more preferably 6.0 GPa or less, particularly preferably 5.5 GPa or less, and most preferably 4.5 GPa or less. Therefore, by adjusting the longitudinal tension of the magnetic tape MT while it is running using the recording and playback device, it is particularly easy to control the width of the magnetic tape MT to be constant or nearly constant.
• the polyesters include, for example, at least one of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PBN (polybutylene naphthalate), PCT (polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate), PEB (polyethylene-p-oxybenzoate), and polyethylene bisphenoxycarboxylate.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PEN polyethylene naphthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PBN polybutylene naphthalate
• PCT polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate
• PEB polyethylene-p-oxybenzoate
• polyethylene bisphenoxycarboxylate polyethylene bisphenoxycarboxylate.
• the base 41 includes two or more types of polyesters, the two or more types of polyesters may be mixed, copolymerized, or laminated. At least one of the ends and side chains of the polyester
• polyesters in the substrate 41 can be confirmed, for example, as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut out from a range of 30 to 40 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT to prepare a sample, after which the layers of the sample other than the substrate 41 are removed. Next, an IR spectrum of the sample (substrate 41) is obtained by infrared absorption spectrometry (IR). Based on this IR spectrum, it can be confirmed that the substrate 41 contains polyesters.
• IR infrared absorption spectrometry
• the polyolefins include, for example, at least one of PE (polyethylene) and PP (polypropylene).
• the cellulose derivatives include, for example, at least one of cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, CAB (cellulose acetate butyrate) and CAP (cellulose acetate propionate).
• the vinyl resins include, for example, at least one of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride).
• polymer resins include, for example, at least one of PA (polyamide, nylon), aromatic PA (aromatic polyamide, aramid), PI (polyimide), aromatic PI (aromatic polyimide), PAI (polyamideimide), aromatic PAI (aromatic polyamideimide), PBO (polybenzoxazole, e.g.
• Zylon (registered trademark)), polyether, PEK (polyetherketone), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), polyetherester, PES (polyethersulfone), PEI (polyetherimide), PSF (polysulfone), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), PC (polycarbonate), PAR (polyarylate), and PU (polyurethane).
• the substrate 41 may be biaxially stretched in the longitudinal and width directions.
• the polymer resin contained in the substrate 41 is preferably oriented in a direction oblique to the width direction of the substrate 41.
• the magnetic layer 43 is a recording layer for recording signals by magnetization patterns.
• the magnetic layer 43 may be a coating film.
• the magnetic layer 43 may be a perpendicular recording type recording layer or a longitudinal recording type recording layer.
• the magnetic layer 43 includes, for example, magnetic powder, a binder, a lubricant, and carbon.
• the magnetic layer 43 may further include at least one additive selected from antistatic agents, abrasives, hardeners, rust inhibitors, and non-magnetic reinforcing particles, as necessary.
• the magnetic layer 43 may have a surface having an uneven shape.
• the magnetic layer 43 has multiple data bands d (data bands d0 to d3) that are long in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) in which data is written, and multiple servo bands s (servo bands s0 to s4) that are long in the longitudinal direction in which servo patterns 6 are written.
• the servo bands s are arranged at positions that sandwich each data band d in the width direction (Y-axis direction). It is preferable that the magnetic layer 43 has five or more servo bands s.
• the ratio of the area of the servo band s to the total surface area of the magnetic layer 43 is typically 4.0% or less.
• the width of the servo band s is, for example, 98 ⁇ m or less for a 1/2 inch tape width.
• the ratio of the area of the servo band s to the total surface area of the magnetic layer 43 can be measured, for example, by developing the magnetic tape MT using a developer such as a ferricolloid developer, and then observing the developed magnetic tape MT with an optical microscope.
• the number of data bands d is four, and the number of servo bands s is five. Note that the number of data bands d and the number of servo bands s can be changed as appropriate.
• the data band d includes a plurality of recording tracks 5 that are long in the longitudinal direction and aligned in the width direction.
• the number of recording tracks 5 included in one data band d is, for example, about 1000 to 2500. Data is recorded along these recording tracks 5 within the recording tracks 5.
• the length of one bit in the longitudinal direction of the data recorded in the data band d is, for example, 48 nm or less.
• the servo band s includes a servo pattern 6 of a predetermined shape that is recorded by a servo pattern recording device (see FIG. 18) described later.
• the number of recording tracks 5 increases with each generation of LTO-standard magnetic tape MT, dramatically improving recording capacity.
• the original LTO-1 had 384 recording tracks 5, but the number of recording tracks 5 in LTO-2 to LTO-8 is 512, 704, 896, 1280, 2176, 3584, and 6656, respectively.
• data recording capacity was 100GB (gigabytes) in LTO-1, but is 200GB, 400GB, 800GB, 1.5TB (terabytes), 2.5TB, 6.0TB, and 12TB, respectively, in LTO-2 to LTO-8.
• the number of recording tracks 5 and the recording capacity are not particularly limited and can be changed as appropriate.
• a magnetic tape with an overall Young's modulus of the tape (Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the tape) of 8 GPa or less is applied as the magnetic tape MT.
• FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing the recording track 5 in the data band d.
• the recording tracks 5 are long in the longitudinal direction, aligned in the width direction, and each track has a predetermined recording track width (track pitch) Wd in the width direction.
• This recording track width Wd is set to 2.0 ⁇ m or less in LTO-8. Note that such a recording track width Wd can be measured, for example, by developing the magnetic layer 43 of the magnetic tape MT using a developer such as a ferric colloid developer, and then observing the developed magnetic layer 43 of the magnetic tape MT with an optical microscope.
• the drive head in order to ignore fluctuations during tape running, the drive head is set in a Read While Write state, and the recording track width Wd can be measured from the output change when the azimuth of the drive head is changed.
• FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a part of the servo pattern 6 written in the servo band s.
• the servo pattern 6 includes a plurality of stripes that are inclined at a predetermined azimuth angle ⁇ with respect to the width direction (Y-axis direction), the details of which will be described later.
• the plurality of stripes are classified into a first stripe group 61 that is inclined clockwise with respect to the width direction (Y-axis direction) and a second stripe group 62 that is inclined counterclockwise with respect to the width direction.
• the first stripe group 61 and the second stripe group 62 typically include four or five stripes.
• the shape of the servo pattern 6 can be measured, for example, by developing the magnetic layer 43 of the magnetic tape MT using a developing solution such as a ferric colloid developing solution, and then observing the developed magnetic layer 43 of the magnetic tape MT with an optical microscope.
• a developing solution such as a ferric colloid developing solution
• servo trace lines T which are lines traced on the servo pattern 6 by a servo read head 132 (see FIG. 11), which will be described later, are shown by dashed lines.
• the servo trace lines T are set along the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) and are also set at a predetermined interval Ps in the width direction.
• the number of servo trace lines T per servo band s is, for example, about 30 to 60.
• the spacing Ps between two adjacent servo trace lines T is the same as the recording track width Wd, and is, for example, 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
• the spacing Ps between two adjacent servo trace lines T is a value that determines the recording track width Wd. In other words, when the spacing Ps between the servo trace lines T is narrowed, the recording track width Wd becomes smaller and the number of recording tracks 5 included in one data band d increases. As a result, the data recording capacity increases.
• the upper limit of the average thickness of the magnetic layer 43 is preferably 90 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or less, even more preferably 70 nm or less, particularly preferably 60 nm or less, and most preferably 50 nm or less. If the upper limit of the average thickness of the magnetic layer 43 is 90 nm or less, when a ring-type head is used as the recording head, the effect of the demagnetizing field can be reduced, and even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be obtained.
• the lower limit of the average thickness of the magnetic layer 43 is preferably 35 nm or more. If the lower limit of the average thickness of the magnetic layer 43 is 35 nm or more, output can be ensured when an MR head is used as the reproducing head, and therefore even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be obtained.
• the average thickness of the magnetic layer 43 is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut into 250 mm lengths from the longitudinal range of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT to prepare three samples. Next, each sample is processed by the FIB method or the like to be thinned. When the FIB method is used, a carbon layer and a tungsten layer are formed as protective films as a pretreatment for observing the TEM image of the cross section described later.
• the carbon layer is formed by deposition on the surface of the magnetic tape MT on the magnetic layer 43 side and the surface on the back layer 44 side, and the tungsten layer is further formed on the surface on the magnetic layer 43 side by deposition or sputtering.
• the thinning is performed along the length direction (longitudinal direction) of the magnetic tape MT. That is, this slicing creates a cross section that is parallel to both the longitudinal and thickness directions of the magnetic tape MT.
• the thickness of the magnetic layer 43 is measured at 10 positions on each thinned sample.
• the 10 measurement positions on each thinned sample are randomly selected from each sample so that they are different positions in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the average value obtained by arithmetically averaging the measured values of each obtained thinned sample (a total of 30 thicknesses of the magnetic layer 43) is defined as the average thickness [nm] of the magnetic layer 43.
• the magnetic powder includes a plurality of magnetic particles.
• the magnetic particles are, for example, particles containing a metal oxide (hereinafter referred to as “metal oxide particles”).
• the metal oxide particles are, for example, particles containing hexagonal ferrite (hereinafter referred to as “hexagonal ferrite particles”), particles containing epsilon-type iron oxide ( ⁇ iron oxide) (hereinafter referred to as “ ⁇ iron oxide particles”), or particles containing Co-containing spinel ferrite (hereinafter referred to as "cobalt ferrite particles”).
• the magnetic powder is preferentially crystalline oriented in the perpendicular direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the perpendicular direction (thickness direction) of the magnetic tape MT means the thickness direction of the magnetic tape MT in a flat state.
• the hexagonal ferrite particles have, for example, a plate shape such as a hexagonal plate shape or a column shape such as a hexagonal column shape (however, the thickness or height is smaller than the major axis of the plate surface or bottom surface).
• the hexagonal plate shape includes a substantially hexagonal plate shape.
• the hexagonal ferrite preferably contains at least one of Ba, Sr, Pb, and Ca, more preferably at least one of Ba and Sr.
• the hexagonal ferrite may specifically be, for example, barium ferrite or strontium ferrite.
• the barium ferrite may further contain at least one of Sr, Pb, and Ca in addition to Ba.
• the strontium ferrite may further contain at least one of Ba, Pb, and Ca in addition to Sr.
• the hexagonal ferrite has an average composition represented by the general formula MFe12O19 .
• M is, for example, at least one metal selected from Ba, Sr, Pb, and Ca, preferably at least one metal selected from Ba and Sr.
• M may be a combination of Ba and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Sr, Pb, and Ca.
• M may also be a combination of Sr and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ba, Pb, and Ca.
• a part of Fe may be substituted with another metal element.
• the average particle size of the magnetic powder is preferably 13 nm or more and 22 nm or less, more preferably 13 nm or more and 19 nm or less, even more preferably 13 nm or more and 18 nm or less, particularly preferably 14 nm or more and 17 nm or less, and most preferably 14 nm or more and 16 nm or less.
• the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 22 nm or less, even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained in a high recording density magnetic tape MT.
• the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 13 nm or more, the dispersibility of the magnetic powder is further improved, and even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained.
• the average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder is preferably 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less, more preferably 1.5 or more and 2.8 or less, and even more preferably 1.8 or more and 2.7 or less.
• the average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder is within the range of 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less, aggregation of the magnetic powder can be suppressed.
• the magnetic powder is vertically oriented in the process of forming the magnetic layer 43, the resistance applied to the magnetic powder can be suppressed. Therefore, the vertical orientation of the magnetic powder can be improved.
• the average particle size and average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder can be determined as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut out from a range of 30 to 40 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection part 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT. Next, the cut magnetic tape MT is processed by the FIB method or the like to be thinned. When the FIB method is used, a carbon layer and a tungsten layer are formed as protective films as a pretreatment for observing the TEM image of the cross section described later.
• the carbon layer is formed by deposition on the surface of the magnetic tape MT on the magnetic layer 43 side and the surface on the back layer 44 side, and the tungsten layer is further formed by deposition or sputtering on the surface on the magnetic layer 43 side.
• the thinning is performed along the length direction (longitudinal direction) of the magnetic tape MT. In other words, the thinning forms a cross section parallel to both the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the cross section of the obtained thin sample is observed using a transmission electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation H-9500) at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and a total magnification of 500,000 times in the thickness direction of the magnetic layer 43 so that the entire magnetic layer 43 is included, and a TEM photograph is taken.
• the TEM photographs are prepared in such a way that 50 particles can be extracted that allow the plate diameter DB and plate thickness DA (see Figure 7) shown below to be measured.
• the thickness or height of the particle observed in the above TEM photograph is plate-like or columnar (however, the thickness or height is smaller than the major axis of the plate surface or bottom surface) as shown in Figure 6, the major axis of the plate surface or bottom surface of the particle is taken as the plate diameter DB value.
• the thickness or height of the particle observed in the above TEM photograph is taken as the plate thickness DA value.
• the thickness or height of a particle is not constant within a single particle, the thickness or height of the maximum particle is taken as the plate thickness DA.
• 50 particles are selected from the TEM photograph based on the following criteria. Particles that are partially outside the field of view of the TEM photograph are not measured, and only particles that have a clear outline and exist in isolation are measured. If there are overlapping particles, those with a clear boundary between them and whose overall shape can be determined are measured as individual particles, but particles with unclear boundaries and whose overall shape cannot be determined are not measured as their shape cannot be determined.
• FIG. 7 and 8 show an example of a TEM photograph.
• the particles indicated by the arrows a and d are selected because the plate thickness (thickness or height) DA of the particle can be clearly confirmed.
• the plate thickness DA of each of the selected 50 particles is measured.
• the plate thickness DA thus obtained is arithmetically averaged to obtain the average plate thickness DA ave .
• the average plate thickness DA ave is the average particle plate thickness.
• the plate diameter DB of each magnetic powder is measured.
• 50 particles whose plate diameter DB of the particle can be clearly confirmed are selected from the TEM photograph taken. For example, in FIG. 7 and FIG.
• the particles indicated by the arrows b and c are selected because the plate diameter DB can be clearly confirmed.
• the plate diameter DB of each of the selected 50 particles is measured.
• the plate diameter DB thus obtained is simply averaged (arithmetic averaged) to obtain the average plate diameter DB ave .
• the average plate diameter DB ave is the average particle size.
• the average aspect ratio of the particles ( DBave / DAave ) is calculated from the average plate thickness DAave and the average plate diameter DBave .
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is preferably 500 nm3 or more and 2500 nm3 or less, more preferably 500 nm3 or more and 1600 nm3 or less, even more preferably 500 nm3 or more and 1500 nm3 or less, particularly preferably 600 nm3 or more and 1200 nm3 or less, and most preferably 600 nm3 or more and 1000 nm3 or less.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is 2500 nm3 or less, the same effect as when the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 22 nm or less can be obtained.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is 500 nm3 or more, the same effect as when the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 13 nm or more can be obtained.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is calculated as follows. First, the average plate thickness DA ave and the average plate diameter DB ave are calculated as described above in relation to the method for calculating the average particle size of the magnetic powder. Next, the average volume V of the magnetic powder is calculated using the following formula.
• the ⁇ -iron oxide particles are hard magnetic particles that can obtain high coercivity even in the case of fine particles.
• the ⁇ -iron oxide particles are spherical or cubic.
• the term “spherical” includes “approximately spherical”.
• the term “cubic” includes “approximately cubic”. Since the ⁇ -iron oxide particles have the above-mentioned shape, when the ⁇ -iron oxide particles are used as the magnetic particles, the contact area between the particles in the thickness direction of the magnetic tape MT can be reduced and the aggregation between the particles can be suppressed compared to when hexagonal plate-shaped barium ferrite particles are used as the magnetic particles. Therefore, the dispersibility of the magnetic particles can be improved, and further excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained.
• SNR electromagnetic conversion characteristics
• the ⁇ -iron oxide particles may have a composite particle structure. More specifically, the ⁇ -iron oxide particles include an ⁇ -iron oxide portion and a portion having soft magnetism or a portion having a higher saturation magnetization ⁇ s and a smaller coercive force Hc than ⁇ -iron oxide (hereinafter referred to as the "soft magnetic portion, etc.”).
• the ⁇ -iron oxide portion contains ⁇ -iron oxide.
• the ⁇ -iron oxide contained in the ⁇ -iron oxide portion preferably has ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 crystals as a main phase, and more preferably is made of single-phase ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 .
• the soft magnetic portion is in contact with at least a portion of the ⁇ -iron oxide portion. Specifically, the soft magnetic portion may partially cover the ⁇ -iron oxide portion, or may cover the entire periphery of the ⁇ -iron oxide portion.
• the soft magnetic portion (the magnetic portion having a higher saturation magnetization ⁇ s and a smaller coercive force Hc than ⁇ -iron oxide) includes, for example, a soft magnetic material such as ⁇ -Fe, a Ni-Fe alloy, or an Fe-Si-Al alloy.
• ⁇ -Fe may be obtained by reducing the ⁇ -iron oxide contained in the ⁇ -iron oxide portion.
• the portion having soft magnetic properties may contain, for example, Fe 3 O 4 , ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , or spinel ferrite.
• the coercive force Hc of the ⁇ -iron oxide portion alone can be kept high to ensure thermal stability, while the coercive force Hc of the ⁇ -iron oxide particle (composite particle) as a whole can be adjusted to a coercive force Hc suitable for recording.
• the ⁇ iron oxide particles may contain an additive instead of the structure of the composite particles, or may have the structure of the composite particles and contain an additive. In this case, part of the Fe in the ⁇ iron oxide particles is replaced with the additive.
• the additive is a metal element other than iron, preferably a trivalent metal element, more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In, and even more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Al and Ga.
• the ⁇ -iron oxide containing the additive is an ⁇ -Fe2 - xMxO3 crystal (wherein M is a metal element other than iron, preferably a trivalent metal element, more preferably at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In, and even more preferably at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al and Ga; x is, for example, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
• M is a metal element other than iron, preferably a trivalent metal element, more preferably at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In, and even more preferably at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al and Ga; x is, for example, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
• the average particle size of the magnetic particles is preferably 10 nm to 20 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 18 nm, even more preferably 10 nm to 16 nm, particularly preferably 10 nm to 15 nm, and most preferably 10 nm to 14 nm.
• the area with a size of 1/2 the recording wavelength becomes the actual magnetization area. Therefore, by setting the average particle size of the magnetic particles to half or less of the shortest recording wavelength, even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained.
• the average particle size of the magnetic particles is 20 nm or less, even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained in a high recording density magnetic tape MT (e.g., a magnetic tape MT configured to be able to record signals at the shortest recording wavelength of 40 nm or less).
• a high recording density magnetic tape MT e.g., a magnetic tape MT configured to be able to record signals at the shortest recording wavelength of 40 nm or less.
• the average particle size of the magnetic particles is 10 nm or more, the dispersibility of the magnetic particles is further improved, and even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained.
• the average aspect ratio of the magnetic particles is preferably 1.0 to 3.0, more preferably 1.0 to 2.5, even more preferably 1.0 to 2.1, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.8.
• the average aspect ratio of the magnetic particles is within the range of 1.0 to 3.0, aggregation of the magnetic particles can be suppressed.
• the magnetic particles are vertically oriented in the process of forming the magnetic layer 43, the resistance applied to the magnetic particles can be suppressed. Therefore, the vertical orientation of the magnetic particles can be improved.
• the average particle size and average aspect ratio of the magnetic particles can be found as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut out at a position 30 to 40 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT. Next, the magnetic tape MT to be measured is processed and sliced by the FIB (Focused Ion Beam) method or the like. When the FIB method is used, a carbon layer and a tungsten layer are formed as protective layers as a pretreatment for observing the cross-sectional TEM image described later.
• FIB Fluorused Ion Beam
• the carbon layer is formed by deposition on the surface of the magnetic tape MT on the magnetic layer 43 side and the surface on the back layer 44 side, and the tungsten layer is further formed on the surface on the magnetic layer 43 side by deposition or sputtering.
• the slices are made along the length of the magnetic tape MT. That is, this slicing creates a cross section that is parallel to both the longitudinal and thickness directions of the magnetic tape MT.
• the cross section of the obtained thin sample is observed with a transmission electron microscope (H-9500 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and a total magnification of 500,000 times so that the entire magnetic layer 43 is included in the thickness direction of the magnetic layer 43, and a TEM image is taken.
• 50 particles whose particle shape can be clearly confirmed are selected from the taken TEM image, and the long axis length DL and short axis length DS of each particle are measured.
• the long axis length DL means the maximum distance between two parallel lines drawn from all angles so as to be in contact with the contour of each particle (so-called maximum Feret diameter).
• the short axis length DS means the maximum length of the particle in the direction perpendicular to the long axis (DL) of the particle.
• the long axis lengths DL of the measured 50 particles are simply averaged (arithmetic average) to obtain the average long axis length DL ave .
• the average long axis length DL ave thus obtained is the average particle size of the magnetic particles.
• the minor axis lengths DS of the 50 particles are simply averaged (arithmetic mean) to determine the average minor axis length DSave .
• the average aspect ratio of the particles ( DLave / DSave ) is then calculated from the average major axis length DLave and the average minor axis length DSave .
• the average particle volume of the magnetic particles is preferably 500 nm3 or more and 4000 nm3 or less, more preferably 500 nm3 or more and 3000 nm3 or less, even more preferably 500 nm3 or more and 2000 nm3 or less, particularly preferably 600 nm3 or more and 1600 nm3 or less, and most preferably 600 nm3 or more and 1300 nm3 or less. Since the noise of a magnetic tape MT is generally inversely proportional to the square root of the number of particles (i.e., proportional to the square root of the particle volume), by making the particle volume smaller, it is possible to obtain even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR).
• SNR electromagnetic conversion characteristics
• the average particle volume of the magnetic particles is 4000 nm3 or less, it is possible to obtain even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) in the same way as when the average particle size of the magnetic particles is 20 nm or less.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic particles is 500 nm3 or more, it is possible to obtain the same effect as when the average particle size of the magnetic particles is 10 nm or more.
• the average volume of the magnetic particles is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut out at a position 30 to 40 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT. Next, the cut magnetic tape MT is processed by the FIB (Focused Ion Beam) method or the like to be thinned. When the FIB method is used, a carbon film and a tungsten thin film are formed as protective films as a pretreatment for observing the TEM image of the cross section described later.
• FIB Fluorused Ion Beam
• the carbon film is formed by deposition on the surface of the magnetic tape MT on the magnetic layer 43 side and the surface on the back layer 44 side, and the tungsten thin film is further formed by deposition or sputtering on the surface on the magnetic layer 43 side.
• the thinning is performed along the length direction (longitudinal direction) of the magnetic tape MT. In other words, the thinning forms a cross section parallel to both the longitudinal direction and the thickness direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the obtained thin sample is observed in cross section in the thickness direction of the magnetic layer 43 at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and a total magnification of 500,000 times to include the entire magnetic layer 43, and a TEM image is obtained.
• the magnification and acceleration voltage may be adjusted appropriately depending on the type of device.
• 50 particles whose particle shapes are clear are selected from the TEM image taken, and the side length DC of each particle is measured.
• the side lengths DC of the 50 particles measured are simply averaged (arithmetic average) to obtain the average side length DC ave .
• the average volume V ave (particle volume) of the magnetic particles is calculated from the following formula using the average side length DC ave .
• V ave DC ave 3
• the cobalt ferrite particles preferably have uniaxial crystal anisotropy.
• the cobalt ferrite particles have uniaxial crystal anisotropy, so that the magnetic powder can be preferentially crystal oriented in the perpendicular direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the cobalt ferrite particles have, for example, a cubic shape. In this specification, the cubic shape includes an almost cubic shape.
• the Co-containing spinel ferrite may further contain at least one of Ni, Mn, Al, Cu, and Zn in addition to Co.
• the Co-containing spinel ferrite has, for example, an average composition represented by the following formula.
• Co x M y Fe 2 O Z (In the formula, M is, for example, at least one metal selected from Ni, Mn, Al, Cu, and Zn.
• x is a value within the range of 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0.
• y is a value within the range of 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3.
• x and y satisfy the relationship of (x+y) ⁇ 1.0.
• z is a value within the range of 3 ⁇ z ⁇ 4.
• a part of Fe may be substituted with another metal element.
• the average particle size of the magnetic powder is preferably 8 nm or more and 16 nm or less, more preferably 8 nm or more and 13 nm or less, and even more preferably 8 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
• the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 16 nm or less, it is possible to obtain even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) in a high recording density magnetic tape MT.
• the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 8 nm or more, the dispersibility of the magnetic powder is further improved, and even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics (e.g., SNR) can be obtained.
• the method of calculating the average particle size of the magnetic powder is the same as the method of calculating the average particle size of the magnetic powder when the magnetic powder contains ⁇ iron oxide particles.
• the average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder is preferably 1.0 to 2.5, more preferably 1.0 to 2.1, and even more preferably 1.0 to 1.8.
• the average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder is within the range of 1.0 to 2.5, aggregation of the magnetic powder can be suppressed.
• the magnetic powder is vertically oriented in the process of forming the magnetic layer 43, the resistance applied to the magnetic powder can be suppressed. Therefore, the vertical orientation of the magnetic powder can be improved.
• the method of calculating the average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder is the same as the method of calculating the average aspect ratio of the magnetic powder when the magnetic powder contains ⁇ iron oxide particles.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is preferably 500 nm3 or more and 4000 nm3 or less, more preferably 600 nm3 or more and 2000 nm3 or less, and even more preferably 600 nm3 or more and 1000 nm3 or less.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is 4000 nm3 or less, the same effect as when the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 16 nm or less can be obtained.
• the average particle volume of the magnetic powder is 500 nm3 or more, the same effect as when the average particle size of the magnetic powder is 8 nm or more can be obtained.
• the method of calculating the average particle volume of the magnetic component is the same as the method of calculating the average particle volume when the ⁇ iron oxide particles have a cubic shape.
• binder examples include thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and reactive resins.
• thermoplastic resin examples include vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic acid ester-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic acid ester-vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers, acrylic acid ester-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic acid ester-vinylidene chloride copolymers, methacrylic acid ester-vinylidene chloride copolymers, methacrylic acid ester-vinyl chloride copolymers, methacrylic acid ester-ethylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polyamide resins, polyvinyl fluoride, vinyliden
• thermosetting resins examples include phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane curing resins, urea resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins, silicone resins, polyamine resins, and urea formaldehyde resins.
• all of the above-mentioned binders may contain polar functional groups such as -SO 3 M, -OSO 3 M, -COOM, P ⁇ O(OM) 2 (wherein M represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal such as lithium, potassium, or sodium), side-chain amines having terminal groups represented by -NR1R2 or -NR1R2R3 + X - , and main-chain amines represented by >NR1R2 + X - (wherein R1, R2, and R3 represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and X- represents a halogen element ion such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, an inorganic ion, or an organic ion), -OH, -SH, -CN, and an epoxy group.
• the amount of these polar functional groups introduced into the binder is preferably 10 -1 mol/g or more and 10 -8 mol/g
• the lubricant contains at least one selected from, for example, a fatty acid and a fatty acid ester, and preferably both a fatty acid and a fatty acid ester.
• a lubricant in the magnetic layer 43 and in particular the inclusion of both a fatty acid and a fatty acid ester in the magnetic layer 43, contributes to improving the running stability of the magnetic tape MT.
• the fatty acid may preferably be a compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2).
• the fatty acid may contain either a compound represented by the following general formula (1) or a compound represented by the following general formula (2), or may contain both.
• the fatty acid ester may preferably be a compound represented by the following general formula (3) or (4).
• the fatty acid ester may contain either a compound represented by the following general formula (3) or a compound represented by the following general formula (4), or may contain both.
• the lubricant contains either one or both of the compounds shown in general formula (1) and (2), and either one or more of the compounds shown in general formula (3) and (4), or (5), making it possible to suppress an increase in the dynamic friction coefficient caused by repeated recording or playback of the magnetic tape MT.
• k is an integer selected from the range of 14 or more and 22 or less, more preferably from the range of 14 or more and 18 or less.
• the carbon contained in the magnetic layer 43 may function as an antistatic agent, a lubricant, etc. A part of the carbon contained in the magnetic layer 43 is exposed from the surface of the magnetic layer 43. The unevenness of the surface of the magnetic layer 43 may be formed by carbon, an abrasive, etc.
• the carbon is specifically carbon particles.
• the carbon particles include, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
• antistatic agent examples include natural surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and cationic surfactants.
• abrasive examples include acicular ⁇ -iron oxide obtained by dehydrating and annealing raw materials such as ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, silicon carbide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, ⁇ -iron oxide, corundum, silicon nitride, titanium carbide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium oxide, boron nitride, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, molybdenum disulfide, and magnetic iron oxide, and if necessary, those obtained by surface-treating these with aluminum and/or silica.
• raw materials such as ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, silicon carbide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, ⁇ -iron oxide, corundum, silicon nitride, titanium carbide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, tungsten oxide, zi
• Examples of the curing agent include polyisocyanates.
• Examples of the polyisocyanates include aromatic polyisocyanates such as an adduct of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and an active hydrogen compound, and aliphatic polyisocyanates such as an adduct of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and an active hydrogen compound.
• the weight average molecular weight of these polyisocyanates is preferably in the range of 100 to 3,000.
• anti-rust examples include phenols, naphthols, quinones, heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom, heterocyclic compounds containing an oxygen atom, and heterocyclic compounds containing a sulfur atom.
• Non-magnetic reinforcing particles examples include aluminum oxide ( ⁇ , ⁇ or ⁇ alumina), chromium oxide, silicon oxide, diamond, garnet, emery, boron nitride, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium oxide (rutile or anatase type titanium oxide), and the like.
• the underlayer 42 serves to reduce the unevenness of the surface of the base 41 and adjust the unevenness of the surface of the magnetic layer 43.
• the underlayer 42 is a non-magnetic layer containing non-magnetic powder, a binder, and a lubricant.
• the underlayer 42 supplies the lubricant to the surface of the magnetic layer 43.
• the underlayer 42 may further contain at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an antistatic agent, a hardener, and an anti-rust agent, as necessary.
• the upper limit of the average thickness of the underlayer 42 is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.9 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less. If the upper limit of the average thickness of the underlayer 42 is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the magnetic tape MT can be reduced, so that the recording capacity that can be recorded in one data cartridge can be increased compared to that of a general magnetic tape. If the average thickness of the underlayer 42 is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, the elasticity of the magnetic tape MT due to external forces is further increased, so that the width of the magnetic tape MT can be further adjusted by adjusting the tension.
• the lower limit of the average thickness of the underlayer 42 is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more. If the lower limit of the average thickness of the underlayer 42 is 0.3 ⁇ m or more, the deterioration of the function as the underlayer 42 can be suppressed.
• the average thickness of the underlayer 42 is determined in the same manner as the average thickness of the magnetic layer 43. However, the magnification of the TEM image is appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the underlayer 42.
• the non-magnetic powder includes at least one of inorganic particle powder and organic particle powder.
• the non-magnetic powder may also include carbon powder such as carbon black.
• One type of non-magnetic powder may be used alone, or two or more types of non-magnetic powder may be used in combination.
• the inorganic particles include, for example, metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal sulfates, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal sulfides, etc.
• the shape of the non-magnetic powder may be, for example, various shapes such as needle-like, spherical, cubic, plate-like, etc., but is not limited to these shapes.
• Binding agent, lubricant The binder and lubricant are the same as those in the magnetic layer 43 described above.
• the antistatic agent, hardener and rust inhibitor are the same as those in the magnetic layer 43 described above.
• the back layer 44 contains a binder and a non-magnetic powder.
• the back layer 44 may further contain at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a lubricant, a hardener, and an antistatic agent, if necessary.
• the binder and the non-magnetic powder are the same as those in the underlayer 42 described above.
• the hardener and the antistatic agent are the same as those in the magnetic layer 43 described above.
• the average particle size of the non-magnetic powder is preferably 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less, more preferably 15 nm or more and 110 nm or less.
• the average particle size of the non-magnetic powder is determined in the same manner as the average particle size of the magnetic powder described above.
• the non-magnetic powder may contain non-magnetic powder having two or more particle size distributions.
• the upper limit of the average thickness of the back layer 44 is preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less. If the upper limit of the average thickness of the back layer 44 is 0.6 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the underlayer 42 and the base 41 can be kept thick even if the average thickness of the magnetic tape MT is 5.3 ⁇ m or less, so that the running stability of the magnetic tape MT within the recording and reproducing device can be maintained.
• the lower limit of the average thickness of the back layer 44 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m or more.
• the average thickness t b of the back layer 44 is obtained as follows. First, the average thickness t T of the magnetic tape MT is measured. The method for measuring the average thickness t T is as described in the "Average Thickness of Magnetic Tape" below. Next, the magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut into 250 mm lengths from the range of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection portion 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT, respectively, to prepare three samples. Next, the back layer 44 of each sample is removed with a solvent such as MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) or dilute hydrochloric acid.
• MEK methyl ethyl ketone
• the absolute value of the average width change amount ⁇ A of the magnetic tape MT before and after being left for 40 hours in an environment of a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 40% RH with a tension of 0.55 N applied in the longitudinal direction per 1 ⁇ 2 inch of the width of the magnetic tape MT is 0 ppm or more and 170 ppm or less, preferably 0 ppm or more and 140 ppm or less, more preferably 0 ppm or more and 70 ppm or less, and even more preferably 0 ppm or more and 40 ppm or less.
• a high temperature environment refers to an environment of 35°C or higher and 50°C or lower.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A of the magnetic tape MT is 170 ppm or less, so in addition to deformation of the magnetic tape MT caused by the environment, creep deformation in high-temperature environments can be reduced. Therefore, width changes in the magnetic tape MT can be corrected by adjusting the running tension of the magnetic tape MT.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A may be set to a desired value by selecting at least one of the base 41 and the underlayer 42.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A may be set to a desired value by selecting at least one of the thickness of the base 41 and the material of the base 41.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A may also be set to a desired value by adjusting the stretching strength in the width direction and length direction of the base 41.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A may also be set to a desired value by selecting the type of the magnetic layer 43 from among a coated film and a sputtered film.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A may be set to a desired value by providing a distortion relaxation process after the calendar process and before the cutting process, and adjusting the environmental temperature and storage time in the distortion relaxation process (e.g., storing for 48 hours in an environment at a temperature of 65°C).
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A may be set to a desired value by providing a distortion relaxation process after the demagnetization process and before the servo pattern writing process, and adjusting the environmental temperature and storage time in the distortion relaxation process (e.g., storing for 48 hours in an environment at a temperature of 55°C).
• the absolute value of the average width change amount ⁇ A may be set to a desired value, or by selecting two or more, the absolute value of the average width change amount ⁇ A may be set to a desired value.
• the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A of the magnetic tape MT is found as follows. First, the 1/2 inch wide magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and three samples of 250 mm are cut from the magnetic tape MT in the longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT in the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m, respectively, to obtain three samples.
• the absolute values of the width change amount ⁇ A of the above three samples are obtained as follows.
• a measuring device shown in FIG. 9 is prepared, incorporating a digital dimension measuring device LS-7000 manufactured by Keyence Corporation, and the sample 10S is set on the measuring device. Specifically, one end of a long sample (magnetic tape MT) 10S is fixed by a fixing part 231.
• the sample 10S is placed on five support members 232 1 to 232 5 that are substantially cylindrical and rod-like.
• the sample 10S is placed on the five support members 232 1 to 232 5 so that the back surface of the sample 10S is in contact with the five support members 232 1 to 232 5.
• All of the five support members 232 1 to 232 5 are made of stainless steel SUS304, and their surface roughness Rz (maximum height) is 0.15 ⁇ m to 0.3 ⁇ m.
• the arrangement of the five rod-shaped support members 232 1 to 232 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 9, the sample 10S is placed on the five support members 232 1 to 232 5.
• the five support members 232 1 to 232 5 are hereinafter referred to as the "first support member 232 1 ,” the “second support member 232 2 ,” the “third support member 232 3 “ (having the slit 232A), the "fourth support member 232 4 ,” and the “fifth support member 232 5 “ (closest to the weight 233) from the side closest to the fixed portion 231.
• the diameter of each of the five first to fifth support members 232 1 to 232 5 is 7 mm.
• the distance d1 between the first support member 232 1 and the second support member 232 2 (particularly the distance between the central axes of these support members) is 20 mm.
• the distance d2 between the second support member 2322 and the third support member 2323 is 30 mm.
• the distance d3 between the third support member 2323 and the fourth support member 2324 is 30 mm.
• the distance d4 between the fourth support member 2324 and the fifth support member 2325 is 20 mm.
• the three support members 232 2 to 232 4 are arranged such that the portion of the sample 10S placed between the second support member 232 2 , the third support member 232 3 , and the fourth support member 232 4 forms a plane that is approximately perpendicular to the direction of gravity.
• the third support member 232 3 is fixed so as not to rotate, but the other four, the first, second, fourth and fifth support members 232 1 , 232 2 , 232 4 , and 232 5 are all rotatable. Since the support member 232 3 is fixed so as not to rotate as described above, the contact angle between the support 232 3 and the sample 10S is made shallow in consideration of reducing friction between the support 232 3 and the sample 10S.
• the sample 10S is held on the support members 232 1 to 232 5 so as not to move in the width direction of the sample 10S.
• the support member 232 3 which is located between the light emitter 234 and the light receiver 235 and located approximately in the center between the fixing part 231 and the part where the load is applied, is provided with a slit 232A.
• Light L is irradiated from the light emitter 234 to the light receiver 235 through the slit 232A.
• the slit width of the slit 232A is 1 mm, and the light L can pass through the slit 232A without being blocked by the frame of the slit 232A.
• a weight 233 is attached to the other end of the sample 10S to apply a load of 0.55N per 1/2 inch of the width of the sample 10S. That is, the load applied to the sample 10S is set to 0.55N when the width is 1/2 inch, and a load proportional to the width is set when the width is not 1/2 inch.
• the sample 10S is left to stand in the above room temperature environment for 30 minutes. After leaving it to stand for 30 minutes, the temperature inside the chamber is raised, and when the inside of the chamber reaches the specified environment (temperature 50°C, relative humidity 40% RH), the measurement of the width of the sample 10S is started. While maintaining the inside of the chamber in the above specified environment (temperature 50°C, relative humidity 40% RH), the measurement of the width of the sample 10S is continued until 40 hours have passed since the start of the measurement.
• the measuring device irradiates light L from the light emitter 234 to the light receiver 235 with a load of 0.55 N applied in the specified environment, and measures the width of the sample 10S to which a load is applied in the longitudinal direction. The width is measured when the sample 10S is not curled.
• the light emitter 234 and the light receiver 235 are provided in the digital dimension measuring instrument LS-7000.
• the absolute value of the width change amount ⁇ A of the sample 10S after 40 hours from the start of the measurement is calculated based on the width of the sample 10S after 1 hour from the start of the measurement (i.e., after 1 hour from the time when the inside of the chamber becomes the specified environment). That is, the absolute value of the width change amount ⁇ A of the sample 10S is obtained by subtracting the width of the sample 10S after 1 hour from the width of the sample 10S after 40 hours.
• the positive or negative value of the width change amount ⁇ A of the sample 10S indicates the direction of the width change.
• the width change amount ⁇ A When the width change amount ⁇ A is positive, it indicates that the width of the sample 10S has changed in the direction of widening, and when it is negative, it indicates that the width of the sample 10S has changed in the direction of narrowing.
• the absolute values of the width change amount ⁇ A of the three samples 10S calculated as described above are arithmetically averaged to obtain the absolute value of the average width change amount ⁇ A of the magnetic tape MT.
• the lower limit of the average tension response ⁇ W to the tension in the longitudinal direction in an environment of a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 40% RH is 700 ppm/N or more, preferably 715 ppm/N or more, more preferably 750 ppm/N or more, and even more preferably 800 ppm/N or more.
• the average tension response ⁇ W is less than 700 ppm/N, the average tension response ⁇ W in a high-temperature environment is low, so that it becomes difficult to correct the creep change of the magnetic tape MT when the magnetic tape MT wound in the cartridge 10 is stored in a high-temperature environment for a long period of time and the creep change of the magnetic tape MT when the magnetic tape MT is run in a high-temperature environment for a long period of time by adjusting the running tension.
• a high-temperature environment refers to an environment of 35° C. or more and 50° C. or less.
• the upper limit of the average tension response ⁇ W is preferably 20,000 ppm/N or less, 15,000 ppm/N or less, more preferably 8,000 ppm/N or less, 5,000 ppm/N or less, 4,000 ppm/N or less, 3,000 ppm/N or less, or 2,000 ppm/N or less. If the average tension response ⁇ W is 15,000 ppm/N or less, even if there is variation in the tension control of the recording/playback device, the amount of change in the width of the magnetic tape MT in response to the variation can be reduced.
• the average tension response ⁇ W may be set to a desired value by selecting at least one of the substrate 41 and the underlayer 42.
• the average tension response ⁇ W may be set to a desired value by selecting at least one of the thickness of the substrate 41 and the material of the substrate 41.
• the average tension response ⁇ W may also be set to a desired value by adjusting the stretching strength in the width direction and the length direction of the substrate 41. For example, by increasing the stretching in the width direction of the substrate 41, the average tension response ⁇ W decreases, and conversely, by increasing the stretching in the length direction of the substrate 41, the average tension response ⁇ W increases.
• the average tension response ⁇ W may also be set to a desired value by selecting the type of the magnetic layer 43 from among a coating film and a sputtered film.
• the average tension response ⁇ W may also be set to a desired value by providing a strain relaxation process after the calendar process and before the cutting process, and adjusting the environmental temperature and storage time in the strain relaxation process (e.g., storing for 48 hours in an environment at a temperature of 65°C).
• the average tension response ⁇ W may also be set to a desired value by providing a strain relaxation process after the demagnetization process and before the servo pattern writing process, and adjusting the environmental temperature and storage time in the strain relaxation process (e.g., storing for 48 hours in an environment at a temperature of 55°C).
• the average tension responsiveness ⁇ W may be set to a desired value, or by selecting two or more, the average tension responsiveness ⁇ W may be set to a desired value.
• the average tension response ⁇ W is determined as follows. First, the 1/2 inch wide magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and three new samples of 250 mm length are cut from the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT, respectively, to create three samples. In other words, when measuring the average width change ⁇ A, a new sample is cut out in addition to the sample that was cut out. The measuring device used for the measurement is the same as that used to measure the average width change ⁇ A of the magnetic recording medium described above.
• the tension response ⁇ W of the three samples is calculated as follows. Loads of 0.2 N, 0.6 N, and 1.0 N are applied in the longitudinal direction of sample 10S, in that order, and the width of sample 10S is measured at loads of 0.2 N, 0.6 N, and 1.0 N. Next, the tension response ⁇ W is calculated using the following formula. Note that the measurement when a load of 0.6 N is applied is performed to check whether any abnormalities have occurred in the measurement (in particular to check that these three measurement results are linear), and this measurement result is not used in the following formula.
• D (0.2 N) and D (1.0 N) respectively indicate the width of sample 10S when loads of 0.2 N and 1.0 N are applied in the longitudinal direction of sample 10S.
• the average tension response ⁇ W is calculated by arithmetically averaging the tension responses ⁇ W of the three samples calculated as described above.
• the value of the load applied to sample 10S is the value when the width of the magnetic tape MT (sample 10S) is 1/2 inch. If the width of the magnetic tape MT (sample 10S) is not 1/2 inch, a load proportional to the width is applied.
• the tension responses ⁇ W of the three samples are calculated under conditions where a load proportional to the width is applied, and the average tension response ⁇ W is calculated by arithmetically averaging them.
• the width of sample 10S when each load is applied is measured as follows. First, a measuring device as shown in Figure 9 is prepared, incorporating a Keyence digital dimension measuring device LS-7000 as the measuring device, and sample 10S is set on this measuring device.
• the specific configuration of the measuring device is the same as that of the method for measuring the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A described above.
• the specific procedure for setting sample 10S on the measuring device is also the same as that of the method for measuring the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A described above.
• the measuring device is placed in a chamber controlled to a constant environment of 50°C temperature and 40% RH, and then a weight 233 for applying a load of 0.2 N is attached to the other end of sample 10S, and sample 10S is left to stand in the above environment for 2 hours. After leaving it to stand for 2 hours, the width of sample 10S is measured. Next, the weight for applying a load of 0.2 N is changed to a weight 233 for applying a load of 0.6 N, and 5 minutes after the change, the width of sample 10S is measured. Finally, the weight is changed to a weight 233 for applying a load of 1.0 N, and 5 minutes after the change, the width of sample 10S is measured.
• the load applied to the sample 10S in the longitudinal direction can be changed by adjusting the weight of the weight 233.
• the load is adjusted in proportion to the width of the magnetic tape MT.
• the upper limit of the average storage modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 in an environment at a temperature of 50° C. is preferably 9.0 GPa or less, more preferably 7.5 GPa or less, even more preferably 6.0 GPa or less, particularly preferably 5.5 GPa or less, and most preferably 4.5 GPa or less.
• the magnetic tape MT has high elasticity in response to tension in the longitudinal direction in a high-temperature environment, and therefore the average tension response ⁇ W can be improved.
• the lower limit of the average storage modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 in an environment at a temperature of 50°C is preferably 3.0 GPa or more, and more preferably 3.5 GPa or more. If the upper limit of the storage modulus is 3.0 GPa or more, it is possible to prevent the elasticity of the magnetic tape MT from becoming excessively high in response to tension in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in running stability.
• the average longitudinal storage modulus of the magnetic tape MT is a value that indicates the resistance of the magnetic tape MT to longitudinal expansion and contraction due to external forces; the larger this value, the more difficult it is for the magnetic tape MT to longitudinal expansion and contraction due to external forces, and the smaller this value, the more easily the magnetic tape MT can longitudinally expand and contract due to external forces.
• the average storage modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is a value related to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT, it also correlates with the difficulty of the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the width direction. In other words, the larger this value, the more difficult it is for the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the width direction due to external forces, and the smaller this value, the more easily the magnetic tape MT can expand and contract in the width direction due to external forces. Therefore, from the perspective of tension adjustment, it is advantageous for the average storage modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT to be small as described above, 9.0 GPa or less.
• the average storage modulus of the magnetic tape MT in the longitudinal direction is determined as follows. First, the 1/2 inch wide magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is punched out to the specified size from each of the ranges of 10m to 20m, 30m to 40m, and 50m to 60m in the longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT to obtain three samples. Next, the storage modulus E' of the substrate 41 in the longitudinal direction in an environment at a temperature of 50°C is measured for each of the three samples. Next, the average storage modulus of the substrate 41 in the longitudinal direction in an environment at a temperature of 50°C is determined by arithmetically averaging the storage modulus E' of the three measured samples.
• the storage modulus E' is measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement.
• the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement is a temperature-dependent measurement, and is specifically performed as follows.
• the magnetic tape MT is punched out using a puncher to obtain a sample having a length of 22.0 mm in the longitudinal direction of the tape and a width of 4.0 mm in the transverse direction. Both longitudinal ends of the sample are clamped to the measuring section of a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (RSAII, manufactured by TA Instruments).
• the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement is then performed under the following measurement conditions.
• Measurement temperature range -10°C to 140°C Temperature rise rate: 2°C/min Amplitude: Stretch and shrink with an amplitude of 0.1% of the initial length of the tape Measurement frequency: 10 Hz
• Test Type "Strain-Controlled” Measurement Type: "Dynamic" Environment in which the device is placed: Temperature 25°C, relative humidity 50% RH Humidity control of the measurement section: None More detailed settings regarding the measurement conditions of the above device are as follows. That is, as described below, in the above measurement, the tension is adjusted so that it does not become 0 or less, and the strain is adjusted so that it does not fall below the lower limit value of the transducer.
• Option setting Delay Before Test: OFF Auto Tension Mode Static Force Tracking Dynamic Force Auto Tension Direction Tension Initial Static Force 10.0g Static>Dynamic Force by 5.0% Minimum Static Force 1.0g Auto Tension Sensitivity 1.0g Auto Strain Max Applied Strain 0.1% Maximum Allowed Force 100.0g Min allowed force 2.0g Strain Adjustment 3.0% Meas Ops: Default setting
• the value of the storage modulus E' at each measurement temperature can be obtained.
• the storage modulus E' at a measurement temperature of 50°C can also be obtained.
• the tendency of the change in the storage modulus E' with temperature change can be read.
• the storage modulus E' of the magnetic tape MT can be adjusted, for example, by changing the type of material forming the substrate 41 and/or the composition and combination of the magnetic layer 43, underlayer 42, and back layer 44 (particularly the underlayer 42, which is often the thickest of these three layers).
• the storage modulus E' can be adjusted by using PEN, PET, or PEEK as the material forming the base 41.
• the shape of the graph plotting the storage modulus E' against temperature changes can be changed by selecting these resins.
• the storage modulus E' can be adjusted, for example, by changing the type of resin component contained in the paint forming the magnetic layer 43, the underlayer 42, and the back layer 44 (particularly the underlayer 42) and/or adjusting the resin composition.
• the storage modulus E' can be adjusted by adjusting the glass transition temperature Tg of the binder that can be contained in these layers.
• the binder contains, for example, a polyurethane-based resin. More preferably, the underlayer 42 contains a polyurethane-based resin, which makes it easier to adjust the storage modulus E'.
• the glass transition temperature Tg of the polyurethane-based resin contained in the underlayer 42 is preferably 10°C or higher and 140°C or lower, more preferably 30°C or higher and 130°C or lower, even more preferably 30°C or higher and 120°C or lower, and particularly preferably 55°C or higher and 120°C or lower. If the glass transition temperature Tg is too low, there is a possibility that adhesion may occur during storage at high temperatures. If the glass transition temperature Tg is too high, surface smoothing (calendaring) processing may become difficult.
• the upper limit of the average thickness (average total thickness) tT of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 5.3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5.1 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 4.9 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 4.6 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 4.4 ⁇ m or less.
• the lower limit of the average thickness tT of the magnetic tape MT is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 3.5 ⁇ m or more.
• the average thickness t T of the magnetic tape MT is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut into 250 mm lengths from the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the joint 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT, respectively, to prepare three samples. Next, the thickness of each sample is measured at five positions using a Mitutoyo Laser Hologram (LGH-110C) as a measuring device, and the measured values (a total of 15 sample thicknesses) are arithmetically averaged to calculate the average thickness t T [ ⁇ m]. The five measurement positions are selected randomly from each sample so that they are different positions in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• LGH-110C Mitutoyo Laser Hologram
• the average value of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the magnetic layer 43 is 1.9 nm or less, preferably 1.6 nm or less, and more preferably 1.3 nm or less.
• the lower limit of the average value of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the magnetic layer 43 is preferably 1.0 nm or more, and more preferably 1.2 nm or more.
• the average value of the arithmetic mean roughness R a is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT housed in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut into 250 mm lengths from the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the joint 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT, respectively, to prepare three samples. Next, the surface of the magnetic layer 43 of each sample is observed with an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) to obtain an AFM image of 40 ⁇ m x 40 ⁇ m.
• AFM Anatomic Force Microscope
• the AFM used is a Nano Scope IIIa D3100 manufactured by Digital Instruments, and the cantilever is made of single crystal silicon (Note 1), and the measurement is performed with a tapping frequency tuning of 200 Hz to 400 Hz.
• the data used is subjected to filtering using Flatten order 2 and planefit order 3 XY as image processing.
• the average value of the surface roughness Rb of the back surface is Rb ⁇ 6.0 [nm].
• the average value of the surface roughness Rb of the back surface is in the above range, even more excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be obtained.
• the average value of the surface roughness Rb of the back surface is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut into 100 mm lengths from the range of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the joint 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT, respectively, to prepare three samples. Next, the sample is placed on a slide glass so that the surface to be measured (the surface on the magnetic layer side) faces up, and the end of the sample is fixed with mending tape. The surface shape is measured using a VertScan as a measuring device, and the surface roughness Rb of the back surface is obtained from the following formula based on the standard of ISO 25178.
• the measurement conditions are as follows. Equipment: Non-contact roughness meter using optical interference (VertScan R5500GL-M100-AC, a non-contact surface and layer cross-sectional shape measurement system manufactured by Ryoka Systems Co., Ltd.) Objective lens: 20x Measurement area: 640 x 480 pixels (field of view: approx. 237 ⁇ m x 178 ⁇ m field of view) Measurement mode: phase Wavelength filter: 520 nm CCD: 1/3 inch Noise reduction filter: Smoothing 3x3 Surface correction: Correction using quadratic polynomial approximation surface Measurement software: VS-Measure Version 5.5.2 Analysis software: VS-viewer Version 5.5.5
• the surface roughness is measured at five positions in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT as described above, and the average of the arithmetic mean roughnesses Sa (nm) automatically calculated from the surface profiles obtained at each position is taken as the surface roughness Rb (nm) of the back surface.
• the five measurement positions are selected randomly from each sample so that they are different positions in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the surface roughnesses Rb obtained from the three samples are arithmetically averaged to calculate the average surface roughness Rb .
• the upper limit of the average value of the coercive force Hc2 of the magnetic layer 43 in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 3000 Oe or less, more preferably 2000 Oe or less, even more preferably 1900 Oe or less, and particularly preferably 1800 Oe or less. If the average value of the coercive force Hc2 of the magnetic layer 43 in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is 3000 Oe or less, sufficient electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be obtained even at high recording density.
• the lower limit of the average value of the coercive force Hc2 of the magnetic layer 43 measured in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 1000 Oe or more. If the average value of the coercive force Hc2 of the magnetic layer 43 measured in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is 1000 Oe or more, demagnetization due to leakage flux from the recording head can be suppressed.
• the average value of the coercive force Hc2 is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut out to a length of 250 mm from each of the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection part 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT. Each cut magnetic tape MT is layered in three pieces with double-sided tape so that the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is the same, and then punched out with a ⁇ 6.39 mm punch to prepare a measurement sample.
• the M-H loop of the measurement sample (whole magnetic tape MT) corresponding to the longitudinal direction (running direction) of the magnetic tape MT is measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
• VSM vibrating sample magnetometer
• the coatings (undercoat layer 42, magnetic layer 43, back layer 44, etc.) of the magnetic tape MT cut out above are wiped off with acetone or ethanol, etc., leaving only the substrate 41.
• Three of the obtained substrates 41 are then stacked with double-sided tape and punched out with a ⁇ 6.39 mm punch to prepare a sample for background correction (hereinafter simply referred to as the "correction sample").
• the MH loop of the correction sample (substrate 41) corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 (the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT) is then measured using a VSM.
• a high-sensitivity vibration sample magnetometer "VSM-P7-15 type" manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd. is used.
• the measurement conditions are as follows: measurement mode: full loop, maximum magnetic field: 15 kOe, magnetic field step: 40 bits, time constant of locking amp: 0.3 sec, waiting time: 1 sec, number of MH averages: 20.
• background correction is performed by subtracting the M-H loop of the correction sample (substrate 41) from the M-H loop of the measurement sample (entire magnetic tape MT), and the M-H loop after background correction is obtained.
• the measurement and analysis program attached to the "VSM-P7-15" is used for this background correction calculation.
• the coercive force Hc2 is obtained from the obtained M-H loop after background correction. Note that the measurement and analysis program attached to the "VSM-P7-15" is used for this calculation.
• the average squareness ratio S1 of the magnetic layer 43 in the perpendicular direction of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 65% or more, more preferably 70% or more, even more preferably 75% or more, particularly preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 85% or more.
• the average squareness ratio S1 is 65% or more, the perpendicular orientation of the magnetic powder is sufficiently high, and therefore, even more excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be obtained.
• the average squareness ratio S1 in the vertical direction of the magnetic tape MT is obtained as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut out to a length of 250 mm from the range of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection part 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT. Each cut magnetic tape MT is layered in three pieces with double-sided tape so that the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is the same, and then punched out with a ⁇ 6.39 mm punch to create a measurement sample.
• the M-H loop of the measurement sample (the entire magnetic tape MT) corresponding to the vertical direction (thickness direction) of the magnetic tape MT is measured using a VSM.
• the coatings (undercoat layer 42, magnetic layer 43, back layer 44, etc.) of the magnetic tape MT cut out above are wiped off with acetone or ethanol, etc., leaving only the substrate 41.
• Three of the obtained substrates 41 are then stacked with double-sided tape, and punched out with a ⁇ 6.39 mm punch to prepare a sample for background correction (hereinafter simply referred to as the "correction sample").
• the M-H loop of the correction sample (substrate 41) corresponding to the perpendicular direction of the substrate 41 (perpendicular direction of the magnetic tape MT) is measured using a VSM.
• a high-sensitivity vibration sample magnetometer "VSM-P7-15 type" manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd. is used.
• the measurement conditions are as follows: measurement mode: full loop, maximum magnetic field: 15 kOe, magnetic field step: 40 bits, time constant of locking amp: 0.3 sec, waiting time: 1 sec, number of MH averages: 20.
• background correction is performed by subtracting the M-H loop of the correction sample (substrate 41) from the M-H loop of the measurement sample (entire magnetic tape MT), to obtain the M-H loop after background correction.
• the measurement and analysis program included with the "VSM-P7-15" is used to calculate this background correction.
• the average squareness ratio S2 of the magnetic layer 43 in the longitudinal direction (running direction) of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less, even more preferably 25% or less, particularly preferably 20% or less, and most preferably 15% or less. If the average squareness ratio S2 is 35% or less, the magnetic powder will have a sufficiently high vertical orientation, resulting in even better electromagnetic conversion characteristics.
• the average squareness ratio S2 in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is determined in the same manner as the average squareness ratio S1, except that the M-H loop is measured in the longitudinal direction (running direction) of the magnetic tape MT and the substrate 41.
• the upper limit of the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 9.0 GPa or less, more preferably 8.0 GPa or less, even more preferably 7.5 GPa or less, and particularly preferably 7.1 GPa or less.
• the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is 9.0 GPa or less, the elasticity of the magnetic tape MT due to external forces is further increased, so that the adjustment of the width of the magnetic tape MT by tension adjustment becomes even easier. Therefore, off-track can be further appropriately suppressed, and data recorded on the magnetic tape MT can be reproduced more accurately.
• the lower limit of the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is preferably 3.0 GPa or more, more preferably 4.0 GPa or more.
• the lower limit of the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is 3.0 GPa or more, the decrease in running stability can be suppressed.
• the average Young's modulus of the magnetic tape MT in the longitudinal direction is a value that indicates the resistance of the magnetic tape MT to expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction due to external forces; the larger this value, the more difficult it is for the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the longitudinal direction due to external forces, and the smaller this value, the more easily the magnetic tape MT can expand and contract in the longitudinal direction due to external forces.
• the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is a value related to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT, it also correlates with the difficulty of the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the width direction. In other words, the larger this value, the more difficult it is for the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the width direction due to external forces, and the smaller this value, the more easily the magnetic tape MT can expand and contract in the width direction due to external forces. Therefore, from the perspective of tension adjustment, it is advantageous for the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT to be small as described above, 9.0 GPa or less.
• the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is determined as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and three samples are obtained by cutting the magnetic tape MT to a length of 180 mm from each of the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT. Next, the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of each of the three samples is measured, and the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT is determined by arithmetically averaging these measured values.
• the Young's modulus of each sample is measured using a tensile tester (Shimadzu Corporation, AG-100D) as follows. A jig capable of fixing the tape width (1/2 inch) is attached to the tensile tester, and the top and bottom of the tape width are fixed. The distance (length of the tape between the chucks) is set to 100 mm. After chucking the tape sample, stress is gradually applied in the direction in which the sample is pulled (longitudinal direction of the sample). The pulling speed is set to 0.1 mm/min. From the change in stress and the amount of elongation at this time, the Young's modulus is calculated using the following formula.
• E(GPa) (( ⁇ N/S)/( ⁇ x/L)) ⁇ 10 ⁇ N: Change in stress (N) S: Cross-sectional area of the test piece (mm 2 ) ⁇ x: Elongation (mm) L: Distance between gripping jigs (mm)
• the cross-sectional area S of the measurement sample is the cross-sectional area before the tensile operation, and is calculated by multiplying the width (1/2 inch) of the measurement sample by the thickness of the measurement sample.
• the range of tensile stress when performing the measurement is set to the linear region tensile stress range depending on the thickness of the magnetic tape MT, etc.
• the stress range is set to 0.5 N to 1.0 N, and the stress change ( ⁇ N) and elongation ( ⁇ x) at this time are used for calculation.
• the above Young's modulus measurement is performed at 25°C ⁇ 2°C and 50% RH ⁇ 5% RH.
• the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 is preferably 7.8 GPa or less, more preferably 7.0 GPa or less, even more preferably 6.6 GPa or less, and particularly preferably 6.4 GPa or less.
• the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 is 7.8 GPa or less, the elasticity of the magnetic tape MT due to external force is further increased, so that the adjustment of the width of the magnetic tape MT by tension adjustment becomes easier. Therefore, off-track can be further appropriately suppressed, and data recorded on the magnetic tape MT can be reproduced more accurately.
• the lower limit of the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 is preferably 2.5 GPa or more, more preferably 3.0 GPa or more.
• the lower limit of the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 is 2.5 GPa or more, the decrease in running stability can be suppressed.
• the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 is determined as follows. First, the magnetic tape MT contained in the cartridge 10 is unwound, and the magnetic tape MT is cut to a length of 180 mm from each of the ranges of 10 m to 20 m, 30 m to 40 m, and 50 m to 60 m in the longitudinal direction from the connection 21 between the magnetic tape MT and the leader tape LT to prepare three samples. Next, the underlayer 42, magnetic layer 43, and back layer 44 are removed from each cut sample to obtain the substrate 41. Using the substrates 41 of these three samples, the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 is determined in the same manner as the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT.
• the thickness of the base 41 accounts for more than half of the total thickness of the magnetic tape MT. Therefore, the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the base 41 correlates with the difficulty of the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract due to an external force; the larger this value, the less likely the magnetic tape MT is to expand and contract in the width direction due to an external force, and the smaller this value, the more likely the magnetic tape MT is to expand and contract in the width direction due to an external force.
• the average Young's modulus of the substrate 41 in the longitudinal direction is a value related to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT, it also correlates with the difficulty of the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the width direction. In other words, the larger this value, the more difficult it is for the magnetic tape MT to expand and contract in the width direction due to external forces, and the smaller this value, the more easily the magnetic tape MT can expand and contract in the width direction due to external forces. Therefore, from the perspective of tension adjustment, it is advantageous for the average Young's modulus of the substrate 41 in the longitudinal direction to be small, as described above, at 7.8 GPa or less.
• a paint for forming the undercoat layer is prepared by kneading and dispersing non-magnetic powder, binder, etc. in a solvent.
• a paint for forming the magnetic layer is prepared by kneading and dispersing magnetic powder, binder, lubricant, carbon, etc. in a solvent.
• the following solvents, dispersing devices, and kneading devices can be used to prepare the paint for forming the magnetic layer and the paint for forming the undercoat layer.
• Solvents used in preparing the above-mentioned paints include, for example, ketone-based solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol; ester-based solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and ethylene glycol acetate; ether-based solvents such as diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-ethoxyethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; and halogenated hydrocarbon-based solvents such as methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and chlorobenzene. These may be used alone or
• the kneading device used in the above-mentioned paint preparation may be, for example, a continuous twin-screw kneader, a continuous twin-screw kneader capable of dilution in multiple stages, a kneader, a pressure kneader, a roll kneader, etc., but is not limited to these devices.
• the dispersing device used in the above-mentioned paint preparation may be, for example, a roll mill, a ball mill, a horizontal sand mill, a vertical sand mill, a spike mill, a pin mill, a tower mill, a pearl mill (for example, the "DCP Mill” manufactured by Eirich), a homogenizer, an ultrasonic dispersing machine, etc., but is not limited to these devices.
• the underlayer forming paint is applied to one main surface of the substrate 41 and dried to form the underlayer 42.
• the magnetic layer forming paint is applied to the underlayer 42 and dried to form the magnetic layer 43 on the underlayer 42.
• the magnetic powder may be magnetically oriented in the thickness direction of the substrate 41, for example, by a solenoid coil.
• the magnetic powder may be magnetically oriented in the running direction (longitudinal direction) of the substrate 41, and then magnetically oriented in the thickness direction of the substrate 41, for example, by a solenoid coil.
• the vertical orientation degree (i.e., squareness ratio S1) of the magnetic powder can be further improved.
• a back layer 44 is formed on the other main surface of the substrate 41. This results in a magnetic tape MT.
• the squareness ratios S1 and S2 are set to the desired values by, for example, adjusting the strength of the magnetic field applied to the coating film of the magnetic layer-forming paint, the concentration of the solids in the magnetic layer-forming paint, and the drying conditions (drying temperature and drying time) of the coating film of the magnetic layer-forming paint.
• the strength of the magnetic field applied to the coating film is preferably two to three times the coercive force of the magnetic powder.
• the magnetic tape MT is wound into a roll, and then the magnetic tape MT is subjected to a heat treatment in this state to harden the underlayer 42 and the magnetic layer 43 .
• the magnetic tape MT is cut to a predetermined width (for example, 1/2 inch width). In this manner, the magnetic tape MT is obtained.
• the magnetic tape MT may be demagnetized, and then a plurality of servo patterns adjacent to each other in the width direction of the magnetic tape MT may be written on the magnetic layer 43 of the magnetic tape MT.
• the magnetic tape MT may be run, the temperatures of the plurality of recording parts of the servo write head may be individually adjusted, and a plurality of servo patterns may be written on the magnetic layer 43 by the plurality of recording parts.
• the tape drive device 30 is a data recording/reproducing device capable of recording data on the magnetic tape MT and reproducing data recorded on the magnetic tape MT.
• the tape drive device 30 is configured to be capable of loading a cartridge 10.
• the tape drive device 30 is configured to be capable of loading one cartridge 10, but may be configured to be capable of loading multiple cartridges 10 simultaneously.
• the tape drive device 30 includes a spindle 31, a take-up reel 32, a spindle drive device 33, a reel drive device 34, a plurality of guide rollers 35, a drive head 36, a reader/writer 37, and a control device 38.
• the tape drive device 30 may further include a thermometer 39, a hygrometer 40, etc.
• the spindle 31 has a head portion that engages with the chucking gear of the tape reel 13 through an opening 14 formed in the lower shell 11b of the cartridge 10.
• the spindle 31 lifts the tape reel 13 a predetermined distance against the biasing force of the reel spring 16, and releases the reel lock function of the reel lock member 17.
• the tape reel 13 is rotatably supported inside the cartridge case 11 by the spindle 31.
• the spindle drive unit 33 rotates the spindle 31 in response to commands from the control unit 38.
• the take-up reel 32 is configured to be able to secure the tip (leader pin 22) of the magnetic tape MT that is pulled out of the cartridge 10 via a tape loading mechanism (not shown).
• the multiple guide rollers 35 guide the magnetic tape MT so that the tape path formed between the cartridge 10 and the take-up reel 32 has a predetermined relative positional relationship with the drive head 36.
• the reel drive unit 34 rotates the take-up reel 32 in response to commands from the control unit 38.
• the spindle 31 and take-up reel 32 rotate by the spindle drive device 33 and reel drive device 34, and the magnetic tape MT runs.
• the magnetic tape MT can run back and forth in the forward direction indicated by arrow A1 in FIG. 10 (the direction in which it unwinds from the tape reel 13 side to the take-up reel 32 side), and in the reverse direction indicated by arrow A2 (the direction in which it rewinds from the take-up reel 32 side to the tape reel 13 side).
• the tension in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the magnetic tape MT during data recording/playback can be adjusted by controlling the rotation of the spindle 31 by the spindle drive device 33 and the rotation of the take-up reel 32 by the reel drive device 34. Adjustment of the tension of the magnetic tape MT may be performed by controlling the movement of the guide roller 35, a tension control unit including a dancer roller, etc., instead of (or in addition to) controlling the rotation of the spindle 31 and take-up reel 32.
• the tension of the magnetic tape MT when it is running is typically set to the same value (hereinafter also referred to as the reference tension) as the tension when the servo pattern 6 is recorded on the magnetic tape MT by the servo pattern recording device 100 described below.
• the tape drive device 30 by configuring the tape drive device 30 to be tension adjustable, it is also possible to accommodate changes in the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT caused by internal distortion of the magnetic tape MT or changes over time. Specifically, if the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT changes in the direction of widening, the tension is adjusted higher than the reference tension, and if the servo band pitch changes in the direction of narrowing, the tension is adjusted lower than the reference tension.
• Information regarding the reference tension when recording the servo pattern and the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT at the reference tension is stored in the cartridge memory 9.
• the reader/writer 37 is configured to be able to record management information in the cartridge memory 9 in response to a command from the control device 38.
• the reader/writer 37 is also configured to be able to read management information from the cartridge memory 9 in response to a command from the control device 38.
• the management information includes product information of the tape cartridge 10 and the magnetic tape MT, usage history information, and an overview of the information recorded on the magnetic tape MT.
• the product information includes manufacturing information, the number of recording tracks 5 of the magnetic tape MT, unique information such as an ID, etc.
• the usage history information includes the access date and time, address information, communication history with the reader/writer 37, and the presence or absence of abnormalities during loading/unloading into the tape drive device 30.
• the ISO 14443 method is used as the communication method between the reader/writer 37 and the cartridge memory 9.
• the control device 38 includes, for example, a control unit, a memory unit, a communication unit, etc.
• the control unit is composed of, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), etc., and performs overall control of each part of the tape drive device 30 according to a program stored in the memory unit.
• CPU Central Processing Unit
• the storage unit includes a non-volatile memory in which various data and programs are recorded, and a volatile memory used as a working area for the control unit.
• the above-mentioned various programs may be read from a portable recording medium such as an optical disk or semiconductor memory, or may be downloaded from a server device on a network.
• the storage unit temporarily or non-temporarily stores information from the cartridge memory 9 read from the reader/writer 37, the outputs of the thermometer 39 and the hygrometer 40, etc.
• the communication unit is configured to be capable of communicating with other devices such as a PC (Personal Computer) and a server device.
• the drive head 36 is configured to be capable of recording data onto the magnetic tape MT in response to commands from the control device 38.
• the drive head 36 is also configured to be capable of reproducing data written onto the magnetic tape MT in response to commands from the control device 38.
• the drive head 36 is composed of a head unit having, for example, two servo read heads and multiple data write/read heads.
• Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the drive head 36 as seen from the bottom (tape running surface).
• the drive head 36 includes a first drive head portion 36a and a second drive head portion 36b.
• the first drive head portion 36a and the second drive head portion 36b are configured symmetrically in the X'-axis direction (the running direction of the magnetic tape MT (the X-axis direction in FIG. 3)).
• the first drive head portion 36a and the second drive head portion 36b are configured to be movable in the Y'-axis direction (the width direction of the magnetic tape MT (the Y-axis direction in FIG. 3)).
• the first drive head unit 36a is a drive head used when the magnetic tape MT is running in the forward direction (direction A1 in FIG. 10).
• the second drive head unit 36b is a drive head used when the magnetic tape MT is running in the reverse direction (direction A2 in FIG. 10).
• the first drive head unit 36a and the second drive head unit 36b are basically configured in the same way, so the first drive head unit 36a will be described as a representative example.
• the first drive head unit 36a has a head body 131, two servo read heads 132, and multiple data write/read heads 133.
• the servo read head 132 is configured to be able to reproduce servo signals by reading the magnetic flux generated from the magnetic information recorded on the servo band s of the magnetic tape MT using an MR element (MR: Magneto Resistive effect) or the like. In other words, the servo read head 132 reproduces the servo signal by reading the servo pattern 6 recorded on the servo band s.
• MR Magneto Resistive effect
• the servo read heads 132 are provided on both ends of the width direction (Y'-axis direction in FIG. 11) of the head body 131, one on each side.
• MR elements include anisotropic magnetoresistive effect elements (AMR: Anisotropic Magneto Resistive effect), giant magnetoresistive effect elements (GMR: Giant Magneto Resistive effect), tunnel magnetoresistive effect elements (TMR: Tunnel Magneto Resistive effect), etc.
• the servo read head pitch P1 which is the distance in the width direction (Y'-axis direction) between the two servo read heads 132, is set to the center value (2858.8 ⁇ m) of the standard value of the distance (servo band pitch) between two adjacent servo bands s on the magnetic tape MT.
• the data write/read heads 133 are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction (Y'-axis direction).
• the data write/read heads 133 are also arranged at a position sandwiched between two servo read heads 132.
• the number of data write/read heads 133 is, for example, about 20 to 40, but this number is not particularly limited, and in this embodiment, there are 32 (32 channels).
• the data write/read head 133 includes a data write head 134 and a data read head 135.
• the data write head 134 is configured to be capable of recording a data signal on the data band d of the magnetic tape MT by the magnetic field generated from the magnetic gap.
• the data read head 135 is configured to be capable of reproducing the data signal by reading the magnetic field generated from the magnetic information recorded on the data band d of the magnetic tape MT using an MR element or the like.
• MR elements include anisotropic magnetoresistance elements (AMR), giant magnetoresistance elements (GMR), and tunnel magnetoresistance elements (TMR).
• the data write head 134 is positioned to the left of the data read head 135 (upstream when the magnetic tape 1 flows in the forward direction).
• the data write head 134 is positioned to the right of the data read head 135 (upstream when the magnetic tape MT flows in the reverse direction).
• the data read head 135 is capable of reproducing a data signal immediately after the data write head 134 writes the data signal to the magnetic tape MT.
• the data signal written by the data write head 134 of the first drive head unit 36a may be reproduced by the data read head 135 of the second drive head unit 36b.
• FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the state when the first drive head unit 36a is recording/reproducing a data signal. Note that the example shown in FIG. 12 shows the state when the magnetic tape MT is running in the forward direction (A1 direction).
• one of the two servo read heads 132 is positioned on one of the two adjacent servo bands s and reads the servo pattern 6 on this servo band s.
• the other of the two servo read heads 132 is positioned on the other of the two adjacent servo bands s and reads the servo pattern 6 on this servo band s.
• the control device 38 determines whether the servo read head 132 is accurately tracing the desired servo trace line T (see FIG. 5) based on the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6.
• the first stripe group 61 and the second stripe group 62 in the servo pattern 6 are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the width direction (Y-axis direction). Therefore, on the upper servo trace line T, the distance in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) between the first stripe group 61 and the second stripe group 62 is relatively narrow. On the other hand, on the lower servo trace line T, the distance in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) between the first stripe group 61 and the second stripe group 62 is relatively wide.
• the current position of the servo read head 132 in the width direction (Y-axis direction) relative to the magnetic tape MT can be found.
• the control device 38 can therefore determine whether the servo read head 132 is accurately tracing the target servo trace line T based on the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6. If the servo read head 132 is not accurately tracing the target servo trace line T, the control device 38 moves the drive head 36 in the width direction (Y' axis direction) to adjust the position or tracking of the drive head 36. The method of measuring the servo trace line T traced by the servo read head 132 will be described later (see Figures 16 and 17).
• the data write/read head 133 adjusts its position to follow the servo trace line T and records a data signal in the recording track 5.
• the magnetic tape MT When the magnetic tape MT has been completely pulled out from the tape cartridge 10, the magnetic tape MT now runs in the reverse direction (A2 direction).
• the second drive head portion 36b is used as the drive head 36.
• the servo trace line T used is the servo trace line T adjacent to the previous servo trace line T.
• a data signal is recorded by the data write head 134 of the second drive head portion 36b on the recording track 5 adjacent to the recording track 5 on which the data signal was previously recorded.
• the magnetic tape MT is made to travel back and forth many times, with the running direction changed between forward and reverse, while data signals are recorded on the recording tracks 5.
• the first drive head unit 36a or the second drive head unit 36b contains 32 data write/read heads 133.
• the servo pattern 6 has a data structure that complies with the "ECMA-319 standard.”
• Fig. 13A is a schematic plan view showing an example of the arrangement of the servo pattern 6, and
• Fig. 13B is a diagram showing the reproduced waveform.
• the servo pattern includes multiple azimuthal slope patterns of two or more different shapes.
• the position of the servo read head 132 is recognized based on the time interval between reading two slope patterns of different shapes and the time interval between reading two slope patterns of the same shape. Based on the position of the servo read head 132 thus recognized, the position of the drive head 36 in the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the magnetic tape MT is controlled (see Figures 11 and 12).
• the servo pattern 6 forms a servo frame SF having a first servo subframe SSF1 and a second servo subframe SSF2.
• the servo frames SF are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tape.
• Each servo frame SF encodes one bit, either "1" or "0.” In other words, one servo frame SF corresponds to one bit.
• the first servo subframe SSF1 is composed of an A burst 6a and a B burst 6b.
• the A burst 6a is composed of five straight line patterns (corresponding to the first stripe group 61 in FIG. 5) that are inclined in a first direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the tape
• the B burst 6b is composed of five straight line patterns (corresponding to the second stripe group 62 in FIG. 5) that are inclined in a second direction opposite to the first direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the tape.
• the second servo subframe SSF2 is composed of a C burst 6c and a D burst 6d.
• the C burst 6c is composed of four straight line patterns inclined in the first direction (corresponding to the first stripe group 61 in FIG. 5)
• the D burst 6d is composed of four straight line patterns inclined in the second direction (corresponding to the second stripe group 62 in FIG. 5).
• the length of the servo frame SF and each servo subframe SSF1, SSF2, and the arrangement interval of the inclined portions that incline each burst 6a to 6d can be set arbitrarily according to the type and specifications of the magnetic tape, etc.
• the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6 typically exhibits a burst waveform as shown in FIG. 13(B), where signal S6a corresponds to A burst 6a, signal S6b corresponds to B burst 6b, signal S6c corresponds to C burst 6c, and signal S6d corresponds to D burst 6d.
• a position error signal is generated by reading the servo patterns 6 on two servo bands adjacent to one data band, and the recording/playback head is appropriately positioned relative to the recording track in that data band.
• the servo patterns 6 are read from a magnetic tape MT running at a predetermined speed, and the ratio of the distance (time interval) AC between A burst 6a and C burst 6c, which are arrays of inclined patterns of the same shape, to the distance (time interval) AB between A burst 6a and B burst 6b, which are arrays of inclined patterns of different shapes (or the ratio of the distance CA between C burst 6c and A burst 6a to the distance CD between C burst 6c and D burst 6d) is calculated, and the drive head 36 is moved in the tape width direction (Y' axis direction) so that this value becomes a set value determined for each recording track (see FIG. 12).
• a different combination of servo band identification information is written for each data band in each servo band s (s0 to s4).
• the combination of servo band identification information obtained from two servo bands s2 and s3 adjacent to the data band d0 is different from the combination of servo band identification information obtained from servo bands s1 and s2 adjacent to the data band d1, the combination of servo band identification information obtained from servo bands s3 and s4 adjacent to the data band d2, and the combination of servo band identification information obtained from two servo bands s0 and s1 adjacent to the data band d3.
• the servo band identification information obtained from two servo bands adjacent to one data band different from the servo band identification information obtained from two servo bands adjacent to another data band, it is possible to identify each individual data band.
• servo band identification information is embedded in the servo bands.
• the servo band identification information is multiple-bit information, typically 4 bits, but may be 8 bits or multiple bits other than 4 bits and 8 bits.
• the two types of servo bands include a first servo band in which first servo band identification information is recorded, and a second servo band in which second servo band identification information is recorded.
• the first servo band identification information is 4-bit information (e.g., "1001")
• the second servo band identification information is 4-bit information (e.g., "0111") that is different from the first servo band identification information.
• the combination of the codes "0" and “1" constituting the first and second servo band identification information is identified from the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6.
• the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6 corresponds to a modulated wave of the codes "0" and "1”
• the first and second servo band identification information is read out by demodulating the reproduced waveform and combining, for example, four bits.
• the first and second servo band identification information will be described below with reference to Figures 14 and 15.
• both the first servo pattern 601 and the second servo pattern 602 are composed of a combination of two types of servo frames SF including a servo frame SF1 representing one code (e.g., "1") and a servo frame SF0 representing the other code (e.g., "0").
• Each servo frame SF1, SF0 is common in that it has a servo frame SF consisting of a first servo subframe SSF1 and a second servo subframe SSF2 as a constituent unit, but the first servo subframe SSF1 (A burst 6a and B burst 6b) is different from each other.
• the five slope patterns that respectively constitute A burst 6a and B burst 6b are respectively positioned such that the second and fourth slope portions are respectively biased towards the third slope portion. Therefore, for the A burst 6a and the B burst 6b in the servo frame SF0, the distance between the second and third slopes, and between the third and fourth slopes, is the smallest, and the distance between the first and second slopes, and between the fourth and fifth slopes, is the largest.
• Figures 15(A) and (B) show the reproduced waveforms SP1 and SP2 of the first servo pattern 601 and the second servo pattern 602, respectively.
• the reproduced waveforms of each servo frame SF1 and SF0 are composed of burst signals having peaks at positions corresponding to the slopes of each of the burst portions 6a to 6d.
• the configurations of the A burst 6a and the B burst 6b are different from those of the A burst 6a and the B burst 6b of servo frame SF1, so that the peak positions of the burst signals S6a and S6b are shifted corresponding to the intervals between the different slopes.
• the servo frame SF1 shown in Figure 15(A) represents one bit "1”
• the servo frame SF0 shown in Figure 15(B) represents another bit "0”.
• the servo band pitch is an index indicating the distance between two servo bands (servo bands s2, s3) adjacent to one data band (for example, data band d0). More specifically, the servo band pitch refers to the distance between the center of the servo pattern recorded in one of the two servo bands and the center of the servo pattern recorded in the other servo band. In the following description, the servo band pitch may also be used to mean the difference from the servo read head pitch P1 (see FIG. 11).
• the average value of the difference between two adjacent servo band pitches in a plurality of servo bands over the entire length of the magnetic tape MT is 100 nm or less, preferably 95 nm or less, more preferably 90 nm or less, and even more preferably 85 nm or less.
• the servo band pitch is measured by the tape drive device 30.
• the drive head 36 tracks the data band d0 sandwiched between the servo band s2 and the servo band s3, as shown in FIG. 16.
• the method of measuring the servo band pitch using the tape drive device 30 is as described above, in which the magnetic tape MT is run by the tape drive device 30, the servo trace lines T on each servo band of the two servo read heads 132 are measured, and the servo band pitch is measured from the relative position of each measured servo trace line T with respect to the servo pattern 6.
• the spacing between the servo trace lines T shown by solid lines in FIG. 16 indicates the servo band pitch (servo read head pitch P1, which is the spacing between the two servo read heads 132 of the drive head 36) when the width of the magnetic tape MT does not change. Also, the spacing between the servo trace lines T shown by dashed lines in FIG. 16 corresponds to the servo band pitch (P2) when the width of the magnetic tape MT increases.
• FIG. 17 is a diagram explaining a method for measuring the servo trace line T.
• the tape drive device 30 outputs a servo playback signal having a waveform according to the position of the servo trace line T relative to the servo pattern 6 (see FIG. 15).
• the distance AC between A burst and C burst, which are arrays of inclination patterns of the same shape, and the distance AB between A burst and B burst, which are arrays of inclination patterns of different shapes are calculated, and the position of the servo trace line T of each servo read head 132 is measured using the following formula [Equation 4].
• ⁇ is the azimuth angle of each of the inclination patterns, which corresponds to the angle ⁇ in FIG. 5, and is set to 12° in this example.
• the distance AC may be the distance AC1 between the first slope portions of the A burst and the C burst, the distance AC2 between their second slope portions, the distance AC3 between their third slope portions, or the distance AC4 between their fourth slope portions.
• These distances AC (AC1 to AC4) refer to the distances between the positions (upper peak positions) that indicate the maximum positive amplitude values in the servo playback waveform.
• the distance AB may be the distance AB1 between the first inclined portions of the A burst and the B burst, the distance AB2 between their second inclined portions, the distance AB3 between their third inclined portions, or the distance AB4 between their fourth inclined portions.
• distance AB1 when distance AC1 is adopted, distance AB1 is adopted, when distance AC2 is adopted, distance AB2 is adopted, when distance AC3 is adopted, distance AB3 is adopted, and when distance AC4 is adopted, distance AB4 is adopted.
• the servo band pitch is calculated from the difference in the values representing the position of each servo trace line T on the servo pattern, which is calculated from the ratio of distances AB and AC, using the above formula [4].
• the difference is taken between the measurement value of the servo band on the tape edge side (servo band s3) and the measurement value of the servo band on the tape center side (servo band s2).
• the positive or negative value indicates the direction of change in the tape width, with a positive value corresponding to a narrowing of the servo band pitch and a negative value corresponding to a widening of the servo band pitch. If the difference is zero, it means that there is no change in the tape width.
• the servo band pitch is preferably determined from the difference between a large number of servo frames, and may be, for example, the average of measured values calculated from the difference between 100 and 100,000 servo frames.
• the tape tension during measurement is the tension during recording of the servo pattern 6 (reference tension, for example, 0.55 N), and the measurement is performed at a constant tension over the entire length of the magnetic tape MT.
• the method of measuring the servo trace line T is not limited to the above example.
• the distance CA between the C burst and the A burst and the distance CD between the C burst and the D burst may be calculated, and the position of the servo trace line T may be measured using the following formula [5].
• the distance CA may be the distance CA1 between the first inclined portions of the C burst and the A burst, the distance CA2 between their second inclined portions, the distance CA3 between their third inclined portions, or the distance CA4 between their fourth inclined portions.
• These distances CA (CA1 to CA4) refer to the distances between the positions that indicate the maximum positive amplitude values in the servo playback waveform.
• the distance CD may be the distance CD1 between the first inclined portions of the C burst and the D burst, the distance CD2 between their second inclined portions, the distance CD3 between their third inclined portions, or the distance CD4 between their fourth inclined portions.
• distance CD1 when distance CA1 is adopted, distance CD1 is adopted, when distance CA2 is adopted, distance CD2 is adopted, when distance CA3 is adopted, distance CD3 is adopted, and when distance CA4 is adopted, distance CD4 is adopted.
• the servo band pitch may be measured by using the average value of the measurement value obtained using the formula [4] and the measurement value obtained using the formula [5].
• the distance between the positions (lower peak positions) showing the maximum negative value of the amplitude in the servo reproduction waveform may be used as the distances AC and AB in the formula [4] and the distances CA and CD in the formula [5].
• the average value of the distance between the positions (upper peak positions) showing the maximum positive value of the amplitude in the servo reproduction waveform and the distance between the positions (lower peak positions) showing the maximum negative value may be used as the distances AC and AB in the formula [4] and the distances CA and CD in the formula [5].
• the distance AB is 38.5 ⁇ m and the distance AC is 76 ⁇ m in the servo band s2, and the distance AB is 37.5 ⁇ m and the distance AC is 76 ⁇ m in the servo band s3.
• x (76/2 tan 12°) 90.5641 [ ⁇ m]
• x (76/2 tan 12°) 88.2118 [ ⁇ m].
• the distance AB is 38 ⁇ m and the distance AC is 76 ⁇ m for both servo band s2 and servo band s3.
• the distance is 89.3880 [ ⁇ m] for both servo band s2 and servo band s3, and the difference between them is 0 [ ⁇ m].
• the servo band pitch in this case is the same as the servo read head pitch P1.
• the tape drive device 30 controls the tension of the magnetic tape MT so that the measured servo pattern pitch becomes equal to the servo read head pitch P1.
• servo signals are read from two servo bands that sandwich one data band from which data is to be recorded or reproduced, and a determination is made from each read servo signal as to whether the pitch of these two servo bands is wider or narrower than the servo read head pitch P1. If the servo band pitch is wider than the servo read head pitch P1, the tension is increased, and if the servo band pitch is narrower than the servo read head pitch P1, the tension is decreased. In this way, by adjusting the magnitude of the tension according to the magnitude of the servo band pitch, it is possible to stably perform the desired tracking control for the data band.
• the tape drive device 30 acquires the relationship between the servo band pitch and tension for one data band by running the tape once back and forth, and records the acquired data in the cartridge memory 9.
• the tape drive device 30 similarly applies the relationship between the servo band pitch and tension measured for the one data band when recording and reproducing data for other data bands.
• the longitudinal direction (Y'-axis direction) of the drive head 36 may be arranged to be inclined at a predetermined angle ⁇ (azimuth angle ⁇ ) with respect to the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the magnetic tape MT.
• the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36 is adjusted to accommodate variations in the width of the magnetic tape MT.
• the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36 is made smaller, and conversely, when the width of the magnetic tape MT becomes relatively narrower, the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36 is made larger.
• the control device 38 acquires information on the width of the magnetic tape MT from a width measurement unit (not shown) (or predicts the width of the magnetic tape MT from a servo signal), and adjusts the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36 by an angle adjustment unit (not shown) based on the information on the width of the magnetic tape MT.
• Fig. 18 is a schematic front view showing a servo pattern recording device 100 according to an embodiment of the present technology.
• Fig. 19 is a partially enlarged view showing a part of the servo pattern recording device 100.
• the servo pattern recording device 100 comprises, in order from the upstream side in the transport direction of the magnetic tape MT, a feed roller 111, a pre-processing unit 112, a servo write head 113, a reproducing head unit 114, and a take-up roller 115.
• the servo pattern recording device 100 further comprises a drive unit 120 and a controller 130.
• the controller 130 has a control unit that comprehensively controls each unit of the servo pattern recording device 100, a memory unit that stores various programs and data required for processing by the control unit, a display unit that displays data, an input unit for inputting data, etc.
• the feed roller 111 is capable of rotatably supporting the rolled magnetic tape MT (before the servo pattern 6 is recorded).
• the feed roller 111 is rotated in response to the drive of a drive source such as a motor, and feeds out the magnetic tape MT downstream in response to the rotation.
• the winding roller 115 is capable of rotatably supporting the rolled magnetic tape MT (after the servo pattern 6 is recorded).
• the winding roller 115 rotates in synchronization with the delivery roller 111 in response to the drive of a driving source such as a motor, and winds up the magnetic tape MT on which the servo pattern 6 is recorded as it rotates.
• the delivery roller 111 and the winding roller 115 are capable of moving the magnetic tape MT at a constant speed on the transport path.
• the servo write head 113 is arranged, for example, on the upper side (magnetic layer 43 side) of the magnetic tape MT.
• the servo write head 113 may also be arranged on the lower side (substrate 41 side) of the magnetic tape MT.
• the servo write head 113 generates a magnetic field at a predetermined timing in response to a square wave pulse signal, and applies the magnetic field to a part of the magnetic layer 43 (after pre-processing) of the magnetic tape MT.
• the servo write head 113 magnetizes a portion of the magnetic layer 43 in the first direction to record the servo pattern 6 on the magnetic layer 43 (see the black arrows in FIG. 19 for the magnetization direction).
• the servo write head 113 is capable of recording the servo pattern 6 on each of the five servo bands s0 to s4 when the magnetic layer 43 passes below the servo write head 113.
• the first direction which is the magnetization direction of the servo pattern 6, includes a vertical component perpendicular to the top surface of the magnetic layer 43. That is, in this embodiment, because the magnetic layer 43 contains vertically oriented or non-oriented magnetic powder, the servo pattern 6 recorded in the magnetic layer 43 includes a vertical magnetization component.
• the pre-processing unit 112 is arranged, for example, upstream of the servo write head 113, below the magnetic tape MT (towards the substrate 41).
• the pre-processing unit 112 may also be arranged above the magnetic tape MT (towards the magnetic layer 43).
• the pre-processing unit 112 includes a permanent magnet 112a that can rotate around the Y'-axis direction (width direction of the magnetic tape MT) in FIG. 15 as the central axis of rotation.
• the shape of the permanent magnet 112a is, for example, a cylindrical shape or a polygonal prism shape, but is not limited to these.
• the permanent magnet 112a Before the servo pattern 6 is recorded by the servo write head 113, the permanent magnet 112a applies a magnetic field to the entire magnetic layer 43 using a DC magnetic field, thereby demagnetizing the entire magnetic layer 43. This allows the permanent magnet 112a to magnetize the magnetic layer 43 in advance in a second direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the servo pattern 6 (see the white arrow in Figure 19). In this way, by making the two magnetization directions opposite each other, the reproduced waveform of the servo signal obtained by reading the servo pattern 6 can be made symmetrical in the up and down directions ( ⁇ ).
• the rotation angle of the permanent magnet 112a may be set arbitrarily, the entire magnetic layer 43 may be demagnetized, and then the servo pattern 6 may be recorded on the magnetic layer 43, and the rotation angle of the permanent magnet 112a centered on the width direction of the magnetic tape MT may be adjusted based on the inclination of the reproduced waveform.
• the reproducing head unit 114 is disposed on the upper side (magnetic layer 43 side) of the magnetic tape MT, downstream of the servo write head 113.
• the reproducing head unit 114 reads the servo pattern 6 from the magnetic layer 43 of the magnetic tape MT, which has been preprocessed by the preprocessing unit 112 and on which the servo pattern 6 has been recorded by the servo write head 113.
• the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6 read by the reproducing head unit 114 is displayed on the screen of the display unit.
• the reproducing head unit 114 detects magnetic flux generated from the surface of the servo band s when the magnetic layer 43 passes under the reproducing head unit 114. The magnetic flux detected at this time becomes the reproduced waveform of the servo pattern 6 as a servo signal.
• FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing the general configuration of the servo write head 113
• FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main parts of the servo write head 113
• FIG. 22 is a schematic plan view of the main parts of the servo write head 113.
• the servo write head 113 has multiple magnetic cores h0-h4 for recording servo patterns 6 on each servo band s0-s4 of the magnetic tape MT, and an adhesive layer hs that bonds between each of the magnetic cores h0-h4.
• Each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 has a head block 402 made of a soft magnetic material such as sendust, permalloy, or ferrite, and a coil 70 wound around the head block 402.
• Each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 constitutes a recording section 401 arranged corresponding to each of the servo bands s0 to s4 of the magnetic tape MT, and has a magnetic gap g for recording a servo pattern 6 on each servo band s.
• the magnetic gap g consists of a pair of straight lines ("/" and " ⁇ ") that are inclined in opposite directions, one straight line "/" records the A burst 6a and C burst 6c, and the other straight line “ ⁇ ” records the B burst 6b and D burst 6d.
• the magnetic gaps g of each head block h1 to h5 are arranged so as to be aligned on an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction (Y' direction) of the servo write head 113.
• the arrangement interval of the magnetic gaps g is the center-to-center distance in the longitudinal pattern width Pw of the servo write head 113, and its size is the servo read head pitch P1.
• Each magnetic core h0 to h4 is magnetically separated from each other, and is configured to be able to record different types of servo patterns 6 simultaneously in two or more servo bands.
• FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the drive unit 120.
• the drive unit 120 has a converter 121 that converts servo information into pulse information based on the output from the controller 130 (see FIG. 18), a signal generating unit 122 that generates a pulse signal based on the output of the converter 121, and an amplifier 123 that amplifies the generated pulse signal.
• a plurality of signal generating units 122 and amplifiers 123 are provided corresponding to each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4, and are configured to be able to output a unique pulse signal to each of the coils 70 wound around the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• the controller 130 has a memory that stores data regarding the positions of the servo bands where the first servo band identification information should be recorded (in this example, servo bands s0, s1, and s4) and the positions of the servo bands where the second servo band identification information should be recorded (in this example, servo bands s2 and s3).
• the controller 130 controls the drive unit 120 based on the data stored in the memory.
• the converter 121 outputs information corresponding to the servo band identification information to be recorded in each of the servo bands s0 to s4 to the signal generating units 122 corresponding to each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• the converter 121 outputs a first pulse signal PS1 for recording a first servo pattern 601 (FIG. 14A) including the first servo band identification information in the magnetic cores h0, h1, and h4 corresponding to the servo bands s0, s1, and s4, and outputs a second pulse signal PS2 for recording a second servo pattern 602 (FIG. 14B) including the second servo band identification information in the head blocks h2 and h3 corresponding to the servo bands s2 and s3.
• the first and second pulse signals PS1 and PS2 include a first pulse group SPF1 consisting of five pulse groups and a second pulse group SPF2 consisting of four pulse groups.
• the first pulse group SPF1 is a signal for recording each slope portion of the A burst 6a
• the second pulse group SPF2 is a signal for recording each slope portion of the B burst 6b.
• the first pulse signal PS1 and the second pulse signal PS2 have different rise times for the second and fourth pulses in the first pulse group SPF1, with the second pulse of pulse signal PS2 rising later than the pulse signal PS1, and the fourth pulse rising earlier.
• the first pulse signal PS1 and the second pulse signal PS2 are each transmitted to the magnetic cores h0 to h4 in the same phase (same timing).
• the first servo pattern 601 (first servo band identification information) is recorded in the same phase on the servo bands s0, s1, and s4
• the second servo pattern 602 (second servo band identification information) is recorded in the same phase on the servo bands s2 and s3.
• the tape drive device 30 is configured to be able to change the tension applied to the magnetic tape MT while it is running in order to accommodate changes in the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT. Specifically, the tension is increased when the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT changes in the widening direction, and is decreased when the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT changes in the narrowing direction. In this way, the magnitude of the tension is adjusted in response to changes in the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT, making it possible to stably perform the desired tracking control.
• the variation in the width dimension of the magnetic tape MT occurs uniformly for the servo band pitch of each data band.
• the first cause of differences in the servo band pitch of each data band is misalignment of the magnetic gap g formed in each magnetic core h0 to h4 of the servo write head 113.
• the magnetic gap g is formed using photolithography technology, so the dimensional accuracy is relatively high, but dimensional errors on the submicron level can occur.
• FIG. 25 shows a pair of guide rollers 141, 142 that guide the magnetic tape MT in the servo pattern recording device 100.
• the axes of the guide rollers 141, 142 are set parallel to each other, which allows uniform tension to act across the width of the magnetic tape MT.
• dashed line in FIG. 25 shows a pair of guide rollers 141, 142 that guide the magnetic tape MT in the servo pattern recording device 100.
• FIG. 26 shows a comparison of servo band pitches of each data band measured on the same magnetic tape.
• the horizontal axis is the tape length
• the vertical axis is the servo band pitch.
• the servo band pitch on the vertical axis is shown as the difference with the servo read head pitch P1 (2858.8 ⁇ m) as the reference value (Ref).
• the servo band pitch can be measured using the tape drive device 30 as described with reference to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17.
• d0 means the distance between the two servo bands s2 and s3 adjacent to the data band d0 (servo band pitch s2/s3)
• d1 means the distance between the two servo bands s1 and s2 adjacent to the data band d1 (servo band pitch s1/s2).
• d2 means the distance between the two servo bands s3 and s4 adjacent to data band d2 (servo band pitch s3/s4)
• d3 means the distance between the two servo bands s0 and s1 adjacent to data band d0 (servo band pitch s0/s1).
• the servo band pitch spreads from data band d3 to d2, and when the servo band pitch (s0/s1) of data band d3 is the maximum value and the servo band pitch (s3/s4) of data band d2 is the minimum value, the maximum change in servo band pitch, expressed as the difference (absolute value) between the maximum value and the minimum value for the same tape length, was approximately 0.13 ⁇ m on average.
• servo band pitch depends on tape tension, so the variation in servo band pitch in each data band may be related to the tension distribution across the width of the magnetic tape. For example, it is assumed that due to a deviation in the parallelism of guide rollers 141, 142 shown in Figure 25, the tension during servo pattern recording was lower than the tension during playback near data band d3 (tension is applied during playback, narrowing the width) and higher near data band d2 (tension is relaxed during playback, widening the width).
• the tension distribution across the width of the magnetic tape is thought to be related to factors such as the non-uniformity of the strain stress in the magnetic tape and slight deviations in the parallelism of the guide rollers located upstream and downstream of the servo write head.
• factors such as the non-uniformity of the strain stress in the magnetic tape and slight deviations in the parallelism of the guide rollers located upstream and downstream of the servo write head.
• the servo pattern recording device 100 of this embodiment further includes a temperature adjustment section 80 as shown in FIG.
• the temperature adjustment unit 80 is configured to be able to individually raise the temperature of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 constituting the recording unit 401 of the servo write head 113.
• the temperature adjustment unit 80 is configured as a part of the drive unit 120, and adjusts the temperature of each of the recording units 401 (magnetic cores h0 to h4) of the servo write head 113 individually within a predetermined temperature range based on a command from the controller 130.
• the temperature adjustment unit 80 is configured to be able to individually adjust the temperature of each of the recording units 401 so that the average value of the difference in servo band pitch over the entire length of the tape is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, equal to or less than 100 nm).
• the temperature adjustment unit 80 has a heating mechanism.
• the heating mechanism includes a power adjustment unit that can individually adjust the power supplied to the coils 70 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• This power adjustment unit corresponds to an amplifier 123 ( Figure 23) that amplifies the pulse signal, which is the servo information, sent to each coil 70.
• the inventors focused on the recording current (power supplied to the coils 70) of the servo pattern 6 supplied to the coils 70 of each magnetic core h0 to h4 of the servo write head 113 as a parameter for changing the servo band pitch, and confirmed that the servo band pitch changes by just under 100 nm when the value of the recording current changes.
• Figure 27 shows the results of an experiment that shows the relationship between the recording current value and the servo band pitch.
• the horizontal axis is the tape length and the vertical axis is the servo band pitch.
• the servo band pitch changes depending on the current value (recording current value) when recording the servo pattern.
• the recording current value is set to a reference value (Ref (1.8A)) for tape lengths of 0 to 200m
• the recording current value is set to a value 20% smaller than the reference value (-20%) for tape lengths of 200m to 400m
• the recording current value is set to a value 20% larger than the reference value (+20%) for tape lengths of 400m to 600m
• the recording current value is alternately changed between -20% and +20% every 200m to record the servo band pitch.
• the cause of the change in servo band pitch is the thermal expansion of the head blocks 402 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 that make up the servo write head 113 due to Joule heat from the coil 70.
• the thermal expansion of the head blocks 402 changes the arrangement spacing of the magnetic gaps g between adjacent head blocks 402. Therefore, by adjusting the amount of thermal expansion of the head blocks 402, it is possible to adjust the arrangement spacing between adjacent magnetic gaps g, that is, the servo band pitch, on the order of submicrons.
• the magnetic cores h0 to h4 are made of ferrite material.
• the linear expansion coefficient is 11.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [1/°C]
• a temperature change of 3°C results in a dimensional change of 100 nm (11.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 3°C ⁇ 2.8588 mm).
• the reference value (Ref) of the recording current is 1.8 A
• a temperature change of 7°C or more was confirmed in the head block 402 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• the difference from the result of FIG. 27, in which the maximum change in servo band pitch is about 100 nm, is presumably due to the effect of cooling of the head block 402 due to contact with the running magnetic tape MT.
• Figure 27 show that the servo band pitch changes depending on the magnitude of the recording current.
• the larger the recording current value the greater the change in servo band pitch.
• Figure 28 shows the results of an experiment on the relationship between the magnitude of the recording current, the temperature change in the head block 402, and the running time of the magnetic tape. As shown in Figure 28, for the same tape running time, the larger the recording current value, the greater the amount of temperature rise in the head block. There is also a tendency for the temperature of the head block to rise slightly as the tape running time becomes longer.
• the recording current value is a parameter for the change in servo band pitch.
• the magnitude of the recording current was made different between the set of servo bands s0 and s1 and the set of servo bands s3 and s4, and the change in servo band pitch for data bands d2 and d3 was measured when servo pattern 6 was recorded on each of the servo bands. The measurement results are shown in Figure 29.
• FIG. 29 shows the change in servo band pitch for data bands d2 and d3 when the recording current for servo pattern 6 is alternately changed between a value smaller than the reference current value (-20%) and a value higher than the reference current value (+20%) over a tape length range of 200 m, similar to the experiment in FIG. 27. What differs from the experiment in FIG.
• the recording current value for servo bands s0 and s1 is -20% of the reference current value
• the recording current value for servo bands s3 and s4 is set to +20% of the reference current value
• the recording current value for servo bands s0 and s1 is +20% of the reference current value
• the recording current value for servo bands s3 and s4 is set to -20% of the reference current value.
• the experiment also used the magnetic tape for which the experimental results in FIG. 26 were obtained.
• the recording current value in data bands d1 and d4 other than data bands d2 and d3 may be set as the reference current value.
• the magnitude of the recording current may also be optimized for data bands d1 and d4 to further reduce the variation in servo band pitch between each data band. Optimizing the magnitude of the recording current includes making the recording current supplied to the coil 70 of at least one of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 larger than the recording current supplied to the coil 70 of the other magnetic cores.
• the servo pattern 6 is recorded in each servo band s over a predetermined tape length (e.g., 200 m or more) at a constant recording current value (e.g., reference current value), and then the servo band pitch for each recorded data band is measured by the tape drive device 30.
• a predetermined tape length e.g. 200 m or more
• the servo band pitch for each recorded data band is measured by the tape drive device 30.
• the recording current value supplied to the coil 70 for each magnetic core h0 to h4 is optimized so that the servo band pitch between the data bands is minimized (e.g., 100 nm or less).
• the recording current value is set by adjusting the amplification factor of the amplifier 123 of the drive unit 120 in the servo pattern recording device 100. Then, the servo pattern 6 is recorded in each servo band s of the magnetic tape MT at the adjusted recording current value.
• the temperature adjustment unit 80 may have a cooling mechanism capable of individually cooling each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 constituting the recording unit 401 of the servo write head 113.
• the cooling mechanism has an air blowing unit 90 configured to be capable of individually cooling the coils 70 or head blocks 402 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• Figure 30 is a schematic perspective view showing the configuration of a servo write head 113 equipped with a blower unit 90.
• the blower unit 90 has a blower block 91 arranged on the opposite side of the recording surface where the magnetic gap g of the servo write head 113 is formed, and a pair of positioning blocks 92L, 92R that support both ends of the servo write head 113 in the longitudinal direction (Y' direction) and position the blower block 91 relative to the servo write head 113.
• the blower block 91 is provided with multiple gas outlets 91a that face the coils 70 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 in the Z'-axis direction.
• One of the pair of positioning blocks 92L, 92R, the positioning block 92L, is provided with a gas inlet 92a that can introduce cooling gas.
• the gas inlet 92a passes through the inside of the positioning block 92L and the inside of the blower block 92 and is connected to the multiple gas outlets 91a.
• the coils 70 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 are cooled by the cooling gas ejected from the gas outlets 92a, suppressing thermal expansion caused by the rise in temperature of the head block 402 due to Joule heat of the coils 70.
• the cooling gas is typically air, but gases such as nitrogen may also be used.
• the temperature of the cooling gas is typically room temperature, but it may be gas cooled to below room temperature.
• a nozzle with a directional gas ejection direction may be added to the gas ejection port 92a so that each gas ejection port 92a corresponds to each coil 70 individually.
• a windshield shield plate 93 may be placed around the head block 402 to prevent the cooling gas ejected from the gas ejection port 92a from going around the head block 402 and being blown onto the magnetic tape MT running on the recording section 401 (see FIG. 30) of the servo write head 113.
• the blower unit 90 may be configured to uniformly cool the coils 70 of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4, or may be configured to be able to individually adjust the amount of gas ejected to each of the coils 70 so as to create a temperature gradient in each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• the blower unit 90 further has a valve mechanism 94 capable of individually adjusting the amount of cooling gas ejected from each gas outlet 91a.
• the valve mechanism 94 is configured to individually split the cooling gas introduced from the gas inlet 92a to be ejected from each gas outlet 92a, and to adjust the amount of cooling gas ejected for each gas outlet 91a.
• the adjustment of the amount of cooling gas ejected by the valve mechanism 94 is performed by the controller 130 of the servo pattern recording device 100.
• Figure 31 shows the results of an experiment that shows how the servo pattern pitch changes with and without the introduction of cooling gas (air), with the horizontal axis showing the tape length and the vertical axis showing the amount of change from the reference value of the servo band pitch (P1: 2858.8 ⁇ m).
• the servo band pitch between two servo bands s3 and s4 adjacent to data band d2 was measured.
• Adjusting the flow rate of cooling gas includes making the flow rate of cooling gas supplied to the coils 70 of at least one of the magnetic cores h0 to h4 greater than the flow rate of cooling gas supplied to the coils 70 of the other magnetic cores.
• Figures 32 to 34 show the experimental results of producing a magnetic tape MT on which a servo pattern 6 was recorded in each servo band by supplying a constant recording current to the coil 70 of each magnetic core h0 to h4, and showing the maximum value (max) and minimum value (min) of the servo band pitch, which is the distance between two adjacent servo bands, as well as the difference between these maximum and minimum values (servo band pitch difference: SBD).
• FIG. 32 shows the experimental results when a servo pattern was recorded without cooling the servo write head 113 with cooling gas
• FIG. 33 shows the experimental results when a servo pattern was recorded while cooling the servo write head 113 with cooling gas at a flow rate of 3 L/min
• FIG. 34 shows the experimental results when a servo pattern was recorded while cooling the servo write head 113 with cooling gas at a flow rate of 10 L/min.
• the horizontal axis represents the tape length
• the vertical axis on the left represents the amount of change from the reference value (P1: 2858.8 ⁇ m) of the maximum and minimum values of the servo pattern pitch.
• the vertical axis on the right represents the difference in servo band pitch of the servo pattern pitch.
• the cooling gas flow rate is determined, for example, by recording a servo pattern 6 on each servo band s over a predetermined tape length (e.g., 200 m or more) at a constant recording current value (e.g., reference current value), and then measuring the servo band pitch for each recorded data band with the tape drive device 30.
• a predetermined tape length e.g. 200 m or more
• a constant recording current value e.g., reference current value
• the amount of cooling gas ejected from each gas ejection port 92a is adjusted by the valve mechanism 94 so that the cooling gas flow rate is set, and the servo pattern 6 is recorded on each servo band s of the magnetic tape MT.
• FIG. 35 is a schematic plan view of a servo write head 113A having the multiple grooves.
• the servo write head 113A has a recording section 401 that records a servo pattern on the magnetic tape MT using the magnetic gaps g of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• the recording section 401 has a first region 411 that corresponds to a position where the magnetic gaps g are provided in the length direction (Y' direction, width direction of the magnetic tape MT), and a second region 412 that corresponds to a position where the magnetic gaps g are not provided in the length direction.
• the second region 412 has a plurality of grooves 95 that cross from one end of the width direction (X' direction, length direction of the magnetic tape MT) perpendicular to the length direction to the other end of the width direction.
• the second region 412 is located between each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4, which have the first region 411, and the groove portion 95 is formed between the magnetic gaps g of each of the magnetic cores h0 to h4.
• Figure 36 is an enlarged perspective view showing the details of the groove portion 95.
• the multiple grooves 95 are arranged at intervals in the length direction (Y'-axis direction) of the recording section 401, and are formed linearly parallel to the width direction (X'-axis direction) of the recording section 401.
• the grooves 95 are formed as square grooves G1 having flat bottoms.
• a flat top T1 is formed between two adjacent square grooves G1.
• the depth of the square groove G1 is about 1 ⁇ m
• the groove width at the bottom of the square groove G1 is about 5 ⁇ m
• the width (top) of the top T1 is about 5 ⁇ m
• the arrangement pitch (pitch) of the square grooves G1 is about 10 ⁇ m.
• each part is not limited to the above example, and for example, the groove width at the bottom of the square groove G1 can be appropriately set between 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and the arrangement pitch of the square grooves G1 can be appropriately set between 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
• the servo write head 113A has multiple grooves 95 in the second region 412, so that the amount of air flowing through the second region 412 can be increased while the magnetic tape MT is running, causing the magnetic tape MT to float from the second region 412. This allows the magnetic tape MT to run almost without contact with the second region 412 while being stably in contact with the first region 411 having the magnetic gap g, thereby reducing friction between the recording section 401 and the magnetic tape MT and improving the accuracy of recording the servo pattern 7.
• the magnetic tape MT can be lifted from the second region 412, the temperature rise of the servo write head 113A caused by the heat of friction caused by contact with the magnetic tape MT is suppressed. Furthermore, because the air flowing between the multiple grooves 95 provides a cooling effect for the second region 412, a heat dissipation effect can be obtained for the first region 411 having the magnetic gap g. This makes it possible to reduce the variation in the servo band pitch.
• FIG. 37 is a schematic plan view of a servo write head 113B showing a modified example of FIG. 35.
• This servo write head 113B differs from the servo write head 113A of FIG. 35 in that the second region 412 has two cutout portions 96 that face each other in the width direction (X' axis direction).
• Each cutout 96 is formed by cutting out an end of the second region 412 in the width direction (X' axis direction) in an arc shape.
• the shape of the cutout 96 is not limited to an arc shape, and may be rectangular or triangular, for example.
• the multiple grooves 95 are formed on the surface of the second region 412 so as to be sandwiched between the cutouts 96 in the width direction.
• the second region 412 has its width dimension narrowed by the cutout 96.
• the second region 412 is shaped so that it is constricted in the center of its length (Y'-axis direction). This makes it easier for air to flow into the second region 412 from the cutout 96 located upstream in the tape running direction, and makes it easier for air to pass between the second region 412 and the magnetic tape MT. This makes it easier for the magnetic tape MT to float from the second region 412, further enhancing the cooling effect of the servo write head 113B.
• the average width change ⁇ A of the magnetic tape MT before and after being left for 40 hours in an environment of a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 40% RH with a tension of 0.55 N applied in the longitudinal direction is 170 ppm or less, so that in addition to deformation of the magnetic tape MT caused by the environment, creep deformation of the magnetic tape MT in a high-temperature environment can be sufficiently suppressed for a long period of time (e.g., 10 years). As a result, even when the magnetic tape MT is stored or run in a high-temperature environment for a long period of time (e.g., 10 years), the width change of the magnetic tape MT can be suppressed.
• the average tension response to longitudinal tension in an environment with a temperature of 50°C and a relative humidity of 40% RH is 700 ppm/N or more, so width changes in the magnetic tape MT can be effectively corrected in high-temperature environments.
• the change in width of the magnetic tape MT can be corrected by adjusting the running tension of the magnetic tape MT.
• the magnetic tape MT according to the first embodiment can be used in a tape drive device 30 that can accommodate changes in the width of the magnetic tape MT by adjusting the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36.
• the tape drive device 30 typically, when the width of the magnetic tape MT becomes relatively wider, the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36 is made smaller, and conversely, when the width of the magnetic tape MT becomes relatively narrower, the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36 is made larger. This allows the servo pattern 6 of the magnetic tape MT to be read accurately even when the width of the magnetic tape MT changes. Therefore, even when the width of the magnetic tape MT changes in a high-temperature environment, the width change can be accommodated by adjusting the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36.
• the magnetic tape MT is a coated magnetic tape in which the underlayer and magnetic layer are produced by a coating process (wet process), but the magnetic tape may be a vacuum thin-film type magnetic tape in which the underlayer and magnetic layer are produced by a vacuum thin-film production technique (dry process) such as sputtering.
• dry process a vacuum thin-film production technique
• the magnetic tape MT1 is a perpendicular recording type magnetic recording medium, and includes a film-like substrate 511, a soft magnetic underlayer (hereinafter referred to as "SUL") 512, a first seed layer 513A, a second seed layer 513B, a first underlayer 514A, a second underlayer 514B, and a magnetic layer 515 as a recording layer.
• SUL 512, the first and second seed layers 513A and 513B, the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B, and the magnetic layer 515 are vacuum thin films such as sputtered films.
• the SUL 512, the first and second seed layers 513A, 513B, and the first and second underlayers 514A, 514B are provided between one major surface (hereinafter referred to as the "surface") of the substrate 511 and the magnetic layer 515, and are stacked in the following order from the substrate 511 toward the magnetic layer 515: SUL 512, first seed layer 513A, second seed layer 513B, first underlayer 514A, second underlayer 514B.
• the magnetic tape MT1 may further include a protective layer 516 provided on the magnetic layer 515 and a lubricating layer 517 provided on the protective layer 516, if necessary.
• the magnetic tape MT1 may further include a back layer 518 provided on the other main surface (hereinafter referred to as the "reverse surface") of the substrate 511, if necessary.
• the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT1 (the longitudinal direction of the substrate 511) (the longitudinal direction of the substrate 511) will be referred to as the MD (Machine Direction) direction.
• the machine direction means the relative movement direction of the recording and reproducing heads with respect to the magnetic tape MT1, i.e., the direction in which the magnetic tape MT1 runs during recording and reproducing.
• the magnetic tape MT1 according to the second embodiment is suitable for use as a storage medium for data archives, the demand of which is expected to increase in the future.
• This magnetic tape MT1 can achieve an areal recording density of 50 Gb/ in2 or more, which is 10 times or more than that of current coating-type magnetic recording media for storage.
• a general linear recording type data cartridge is configured using the magnetic tape MT1 having such an areal recording density, a large capacity recording capacity of 100 TB or more can be achieved per data cartridge.
• the magnetic tape MT1 according to the second embodiment is suitable for use in a recording and reproducing device (a recording and reproducing device for recording and reproducing data) having a ring-type recording head and a Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) type or Tunneling Magnetoresistive (TMR) type reproducing head.
• the magnetic tape MT1 according to the second embodiment preferably uses a ring-type recording head as a servo signal writing head.
• a data signal is vertically recorded on the magnetic layer 515, for example, by a ring-type recording head.
• a servo signal is vertically recorded on the magnetic layer 515, for example, by a ring-type recording head.
• the average thickness t T , average width change ⁇ A, and average tension response of the magnetic tape MT1 in the second embodiment are similar to those in the first embodiment.
• the base 511 is similar to the base 41 in the first embodiment.
• the SUL 512 includes a soft magnetic material in an amorphous state.
• the soft magnetic material includes at least one of a Co-based material and an Fe-based material.
• the Co-based material includes, for example, CoZrNb, CoZrTa, or CoZrTaNb.
• the Fe-based material includes, for example, FeCoB, FeCoZr, or FeCoTa.
• SUL512 is a single layer SUL and is provided directly on the substrate 511.
• the average thickness of SUL512 is preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and more preferably 20 nm or more and 30 nm or less.
• the average thickness of SUL512 is determined in the same manner as for magnetic layer 43 in the first embodiment.
• the average thicknesses of layers other than SUL512 i.e., the average thicknesses of first and second seed layers 513A, 513B, first and second underlayers 514A, 514B, and magnetic layer 515
• the magnification of the TEM image is appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of each layer.
• the first seed layer 513A includes an alloy containing Ti and Cr, and is in an amorphous state.
• the alloy may further include O (oxygen).
• the oxygen may be impurity oxygen contained in trace amounts in the first seed layer 513A when the first seed layer 513A is formed by a film forming method such as a sputtering method.
• alloy means at least one of a solid solution, a eutectic, and an intermetallic compound containing Ti and Cr.
• Amorphous state means that a halo is observed by X-ray diffraction or electron beam diffraction, etc., and the crystal structure cannot be identified.
• the atomic ratio of Ti to the total amount of Ti and Cr contained in the first seed layer 513A is preferably in the range of 30 atomic % or more and less than 100 atomic %, and more preferably 50 atomic % or more and less than 100 atomic %. If the atomic ratio of Ti is less than 30%, the (100) plane of the body-centered cubic lattice (bcc) structure of Cr will become oriented, and there is a risk that the orientation of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B formed on the first seed layer 513A will decrease.
• the atomic ratio of Ti is determined as follows. While ion milling the magnetic tape MT1 from the magnetic layer 515 side, a depth profile analysis (depth profile measurement) of the first seed layer 513A is performed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Next, the average composition (average atomic ratio) of Ti and Cr in the film thickness direction is determined from the obtained depth profile. Next, the atomic ratio of Ti is determined using the obtained average composition of Ti and Cr.
• the atomic ratio of O to the total amount of Ti, Cr and O contained in the first seed layer 513A is preferably 15 atomic % or less, more preferably 10 atomic % or less. If the atomic ratio of O exceeds 15 atomic %, TiO2 crystals are generated, which affects the crystal nucleation of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B formed on the first seed layer 513A, and the orientation of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B may be reduced.
• the atomic ratio of O is determined using the same analysis method as the atomic ratio of Ti.
• the alloy contained in the first seed layer 513A may further contain an element other than Ti and Cr as an additive element.
• the additive element may be, for example, one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ni, Mo, Al, W, etc.
• the average thickness of the first seed layer 513A is preferably 2 nm or more and 15 nm or less, and more preferably 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
• the second seed layer 513B contains, for example, NiW or Ta, and has a crystalline state.
• the average thickness of the second seed layer 513B is preferably 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or more and 15 nm or less.
• the first and second seed layers 513A and 513B have a crystal structure similar to that of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B, and are not seed layers provided for the purpose of crystal growth, but are seed layers that improve the vertical orientation of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B due to the amorphous state of the first and second seed layers 513A and 513B.
• the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B preferably have the same crystal structure as the magnetic layer 515.
• the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B preferably contain a material having a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure similar to the Co-based alloy, and the c-axis of the structure is preferably oriented perpendicular to the film surface (i.e., in the film thickness direction). This is because it enhances the orientation of the magnetic layer 515 and can relatively well match the lattice constants of the second underlayer 514B and the magnetic layer 515.
• the material having the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure it is preferable to use a material containing Ru, specifically, Ru alone or a Ru alloy.
• Ru alloy for example, Ru alloy oxides such as Ru-SiO 2 , Ru-TiO 2 or Ru-ZrO 2 can be mentioned.
• the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B can be made of similar materials. However, the intended effects of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B are different. Specifically, the second underlayer 514B has a film structure that promotes the granular structure of the magnetic layer 515 that is the layer above it, and the first underlayer 514A has a film structure with high crystal orientation. To obtain such a film structure, it is preferable to use different film formation conditions, such as sputtering conditions, for the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B.
• different film formation conditions such as sputtering conditions
• the average thickness of the first underlayer 514A is preferably 3 nm to 15 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 10 nm.
• the average thickness of the second underlayer 514B is preferably 7 nm to 40 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 25 nm.
• the magnetic layer 515 is a perpendicular magnetic recording layer in which the magnetic material is oriented perpendicularly.
• the magnetic layer 515 may be a vacuum thin film such as a sputtered film.
• the magnetic layer 515 is preferably a granular magnetic layer containing a Co-based alloy. This granular magnetic layer is composed of ferromagnetic crystal grains containing a Co-based alloy and non-magnetic grain boundaries (non-magnetic material) surrounding the ferromagnetic crystal grains.
• this granular magnetic layer is composed of columns (columnar crystals) containing a Co-based alloy and non-magnetic grain boundaries (e.g., oxides such as SiO2) surrounding the columns and magnetically separating each column.
• the magnetic layer 515 can be formed with a structure in which each column is magnetically separated.
• the Co-based alloy has a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, with its c-axis oriented perpendicular to the film surface (film thickness direction).
• hcp hexagonal close-packed
• the CoCrPt-based alloy is not particularly limited, and the CoCrPt alloy may further contain an additive element.
• the additive element include one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ta, etc.
• the non-magnetic grain boundaries surrounding the ferromagnetic crystal grains contain a non-magnetic metal material.
• the metal includes a semi-metal.
• at least one of a metal oxide and a metal nitride can be used as the non-magnetic metal material, and from the viewpoint of maintaining the granular structure more stably, it is preferable to use a metal oxide.
• the metal oxide there is a metal oxide containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Cr, Co, Al, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ce, Y, and Hf, and a metal oxide containing at least Si oxide (i.e., SiO 2 ) is preferable.
• the metal oxide examples include SiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , CoO, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , or HfO 2 .
• the metal nitride there is a metal nitride containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Cr, Co, Al, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ce, Y, and Hf.
• metal nitrides include SiN, TiN, and AlN.
• the CoCrPt alloy contained in the ferromagnetic crystal grains and the Si oxide contained in the non-magnetic grain boundaries have an average composition shown in the following formula (1), because this can suppress the influence of the demagnetizing field and realize a saturation magnetization Ms that can ensure sufficient reproduction output, thereby achieving further improvement in the recording and reproduction characteristics.
• x, y, and z are values within the ranges of 69 ⁇ X ⁇ 75, 10 ⁇ y ⁇ 16, and 9 ⁇ Z ⁇ 12, respectively.
• the above composition can be determined as follows. While ion milling the magnetic tape MT1 from the magnetic layer 515 side, AES is used to perform a depth direction analysis of the magnetic layer 515, and the average composition (average atomic ratio) of Co, Pt, Cr, Si, and O in the film thickness direction is determined.
• the upper limit of the average thickness of the magnetic layer 515 is, for example, 90 nm or less, preferably 80 nm or less, more preferably 70 nm or less, even more preferably 60 nm or less, and particularly preferably 50 nm or less, 20 nm or less, or 15 nm or less.
• the lower limit of the average thickness of the magnetic layer 515 is preferably 9 nm or more. When the average thickness of the magnetic layer 515 is 9 nm or more and 90 nm or less, the electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be improved.
• the protective layer 516 includes, for example, a carbon material or silicon dioxide (SiO2), and preferably includes a carbon material from the viewpoint of the film strength of the protective layer 516.
• the carbon material include graphite, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and diamond.
• the lubricating layer 517 includes at least one type of lubricant.
• the lubricating layer 517 may further include various additives, such as a rust inhibitor, as necessary.
• examples of the lubricant include the same lubricant as that used in the magnetic layer 43 in the first embodiment.
• the lubricant may not only be held as the lubricating layer 517 on the surface of the magnetic tape MT1 as described above, but may also be contained and held in layers such as the magnetic layer 515 and protective layer 516 that make up the magnetic tape MT1.
• the back layer 518 is similar to the back layer 44 in the first embodiment.
• the sputtering device 620 is a continuous winding type sputtering device used to form the SUL 512, the first seed layer 513A, the second seed layer 513B, the first underlayer 514A, the second underlayer 514B, and the magnetic layer 515, and includes a film forming chamber 621, a drum 622 which is a metal can (rotating body), cathodes 623a to 623f, a supply reel 624, a take-up reel 625, and a plurality of guide rolls 627a to 627c, 628a to 628c.
• the sputtering device 620 is, for example, a DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering type device, but the sputtering type is not limited to this type.
• the film-forming chamber 621 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) via an exhaust port 626, and the atmosphere in the film-forming chamber 621 is set to a predetermined vacuum level by the vacuum pump.
• a rotatable drum 622, a supply reel 624, and a take-up reel 625 are arranged inside the film-forming chamber 621.
• a plurality of guide rolls 627a to 627c are provided inside the film-forming chamber 621 for guiding the transport of the substrate 511 between the supply reel 624 and the drum 622, and a plurality of guide rolls 628a to 628c are provided for guiding the transport of the substrate 511 between the drum 622 and the take-up reel 625.
• the substrate 511 unwound from the supply reel 624 is wound onto the take-up reel 625 via the guide rolls 627a to 627c, the drum 622, and the guide rolls 628a to 628c.
• the drum 622 has a cylindrical shape, and the long substrate 511 is transported along the cylindrical peripheral surface of the drum 622.
• the drum 622 is provided with a cooling mechanism (not shown), and is cooled to, for example, about ⁇ 20° C. during sputtering.
• a plurality of cathodes 623a to 623f are arranged facing the peripheral surface of the drum 622. Targets are set on each of these cathodes 623a to 623f.
• targets for forming the SUL 512, the first seed layer 513A, the second seed layer 513B, the first underlayer 514A, the second underlayer 514B, and the magnetic layer 515 are set on the cathodes 623a, 623b, 623c, 623d, 623e, and 623f, respectively.
• These cathodes 623a-623f simultaneously deposit multiple types of films, namely, SUL 512, first seed layer 513A, second seed layer 513B, first underlayer 514A, second underlayer 514B, and magnetic layer 515.
• the SUL 512, the first seed layer 513A, the second seed layer 513B, the first underlayer 514A, the second underlayer 514B and the magnetic layer 515 can be continuously formed by the roll-to-roll method.
• the magnetic tape MT1 according to the second embodiment can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
• the SUL 512, the first seed layer 513A, the second seed layer 513B, the first underlayer 514A, the second underlayer 514B, and the magnetic layer 515 are sequentially deposited on the surface of the substrate 511.
• the deposition is performed as follows. First, the deposition chamber 621 is evacuated to a predetermined pressure. Then, the targets set on the cathodes 623a to 623f are sputtered while introducing a process gas such as Ar gas into the deposition chamber 621. As a result, the SUL 512, the first seed layer 513A, the second seed layer 513B, the first underlayer 514A, the second underlayer 514B, and the magnetic layer 515 are sequentially deposited on the surface of the traveling substrate 511.
• a process gas such as Ar gas
• the atmosphere in film formation chamber 621 during sputtering is set to, for example, about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
• the film thickness and characteristics of SUL 512, first seed layer 513A, second seed layer 513B, first underlayer 514A, second underlayer 514B and magnetic layer 515 can be controlled by adjusting the tape line speed for winding up substrate 511, the pressure of process gas such as Ar gas introduced during sputtering (sputtering gas pressure), input power, etc.
• the protective layer 516 is formed, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD).
• a paint for forming the back layer is prepared by kneading and dispersing a binder, inorganic particles, a lubricant, etc. in a solvent.
• the paint for forming the back layer is applied to the back surface of the substrate 511 and dried to form the back layer 518 on the back surface of the substrate 511.
• a lubricant is applied onto protective layer 516 to form lubricant layer 517.
• Various application methods such as gravure coating and dip coating can be used to apply the lubricant.
• magnetic tape MT1 is cut to a predetermined width. In this manner, magnetic tape MT1 shown in FIG. 38 is obtained.
• the change in width of the magnetic tape MT1 can be corrected by adjusting the running tension of the magnetic tape MT1. Also, even if the width of the magnetic tape MT1 changes in a high-temperature environment, the width change can be accommodated by adjusting the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36.
• FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vacuum thin film type magnetic tape MT2 according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
• the magnetic tape MT2 includes a substrate 511, an SUL 512, a seed layer 731, a first underlayer 732A, a second underlayer 732B, and a magnetic layer 515. Note that in the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same parts as in the second embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.
• the SUL 512, seed layer 731, first and second underlayers 732A and 732B are provided between one major surface of the substrate 511 and the magnetic layer 515, and are stacked in the order of SUL 512, seed layer 731, first underlayer 732A, and second underlayer 732B from the substrate 511 toward the magnetic layer 515.
• the seed layer 731 contains Cr, Ni, and Fe, has a face-centered cubic lattice (fcc) structure, and is preferentially oriented so that the (111) plane of this face-centered cubic structure is parallel to the surface of the base 511.
• the preferential orientation means a state in which the diffraction peak intensity from the (111) plane of the face-centered cubic lattice structure is greater than the diffraction peaks from other crystal planes in a ⁇ -2 ⁇ scan of an X-ray diffraction method, or a state in which only the diffraction peak intensity from the (111) plane of the face-centered cubic lattice structure is observed in a ⁇ -2 ⁇ scan of an X-ray diffraction method.
• the intensity ratio of the X-ray diffraction of the seed layer 731 is preferably 60 cps/nm or more, more preferably 70 cps/nm or more, and even more preferably 80 cps/nm or more.
• the intensity ratio of the X-ray diffraction of the seed layer 731 is a value (I/D (cps/nm)) obtained by dividing the intensity I (cps) of the X-ray diffraction of the seed layer 731 by the average thickness D (nm) of the seed layer 731.
• the Cr, Ni, and Fe contained in the seed layer 731 preferably have an average composition represented by the following formula (2).
• CrX NiYFe100 -Y ) 100-X ...
• X is within the range of 10 ⁇ X ⁇ 45, and Y is within the range of 60 ⁇ Y ⁇ 90.
• X is within the above range
• Y is within the range of 60 ⁇ Y ⁇ 90.
• the (111) orientation of the face-centered cubic lattice structure of Cr, Ni, and Fe is improved, and a better SNR can be obtained.
• Y is within the above range
• the (111) orientation of the face-centered cubic lattice structure of Cr, Ni, and Fe is improved, and a better SNR can be obtained.
• the average thickness of the seed layer 731 is preferably 5 nm or more and 40 nm or less. By setting the average thickness of the seed layer 731 within this range, the (111) orientation of the face-centered cubic lattice structure of Cr, Ni, and Fe can be improved, and a better SNR can be obtained.
• the average thickness of the seed layer 731 is determined in the same manner as the magnetic layer 43 in the first embodiment. However, the magnification of the TEM image is appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the seed layer 731.
• the first underlayer 732A contains Co and O having a face-centered cubic lattice structure, and has a columnar (columnar crystal) structure.
• the first underlayer 732A containing Co and O has substantially the same effect (function) as the second underlayer 732B containing Ru.
• the concentration ratio of the average atomic concentration of O to the average atomic concentration of Co is 1 or more. When the concentration ratio is 1 or more, the effect of providing the first underlayer 732A is improved, and a better SNR can be obtained.
• the direction of the inclination is preferably the longitudinal direction of the long magnetic tape MT2.
• the longitudinal direction is preferable for the following reasons.
• the magnetic tape MT2 according to this embodiment is a so-called magnetic recording medium for linear recording, and the recording tracks are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT2.
• the magnetic tape MT2 according to this embodiment is also a so-called perpendicular magnetic recording medium, and from the viewpoint of recording characteristics, it is preferable that the crystal orientation axis of the magnetic layer 515 is vertical, but the influence of the inclination of the column structure of the first underlayer 732A may cause the crystal orientation axis of the magnetic layer 515 to be inclined.
• a configuration in which the crystal orientation axis of the magnetic layer 515 is inclined in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape MT2 can reduce the influence of the inclination of the crystal orientation axis on the recording characteristics compared to a configuration in which the crystal orientation axis of the magnetic layer 515 is inclined in the width direction of the magnetic tape MT2.
• the inclination angle of the column structure is preferably greater than 0° and equal to or less than 60°.
• the change in the tip shape of the columns contained in the first underlayer 732A is large and becomes approximately triangular, which tends to enhance the effect of the granular structure, reduce noise, and improve the SNR.
• the inclination angle exceeds 60° the change in the tip shape of the columns contained in the first underlayer 732A is small and it is difficult to obtain an approximately triangular shape, which tends to weaken the low-noise effect.
• the average grain size of the columnar structure is 3 nm or more and 13 nm or less. If the average grain size is less than 3 nm, the average grain size of the columnar structure contained in the magnetic layer 515 will be small, and there is a risk that the ability of current magnetic materials to retain records will decrease. On the other hand, if the average grain size is 13 nm or less, noise can be suppressed and a better SNR can be obtained.
• the average thickness of the first underlayer 732A is preferably 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less. If the average thickness of the first underlayer 732A is 10 nm or more, the (111) orientation of the face-centered cubic lattice structure of the first underlayer 732A is improved, and a better SNR can be obtained. On the other hand, if the average thickness of the first underlayer 732A is 150 nm or less, the column particle size can be prevented from increasing. Therefore, noise can be suppressed and a better SNR can be obtained.
• the average thickness of the first underlayer 732A is determined in the same manner as the magnetic layer 43 in the first embodiment. However, the magnification of the TEM image is appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the first underlayer 732A.
• the second underlayer 732B preferably has the same crystal structure as the magnetic layer 515.
• the second underlayer 732B preferably contains a material having a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure similar to the Co-based alloy, and the c-axis of the structure is preferably oriented perpendicular to the film surface (i.e., in the film thickness direction). This is because it enhances the orientation of the magnetic layer 515 and can relatively well match the lattice constants of the second underlayer 732B and the magnetic layer 515.
• a material having a hexagonal close-packed structure it is preferable to use a material containing Ru, specifically, Ru alone or a Ru alloy.
• Ru alloy for example, Ru alloy oxides such as Ru-SiO 2 , Ru-TiO 2 , or Ru-ZrO 2 can be mentioned.
• the average thickness of the second underlayer 732B may be thinner than that of an underlayer in a typical magnetic recording medium (e.g., an underlayer containing Ru), and can be, for example, 1 nm or more and 5 nm or less. Since the seed layer 731 and the first underlayer 732A having the above-mentioned configuration are provided under the second underlayer 732B, a good SNR can be obtained even if the average thickness of the second underlayer 732B is as thin as described above.
• the average thickness of the second underlayer 732B is determined in the same manner as the magnetic layer 43 in the first embodiment. However, the magnification of the TEM image is appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the second underlayer 732B.
• the average thickness t T , average width change ⁇ A, and average tension response of the magnetic tape MT2 in the third embodiment are similar to those in the first embodiment.
• the change in width of the magnetic tape MT2 can be corrected by adjusting the running tension of the magnetic tape MT2. Also, even if the width of the magnetic tape MT2 changes in a high-temperature environment, the change in width can be accommodated by adjusting the azimuth angle ⁇ of the drive head 36.
• the magnetic tape MT2 includes a seed layer 731 and a first underlayer 732A between the substrate 511 and the second underlayer 732B.
• the seed layer 731 contains Cr, Ni, and Fe, has a face-centered cubic lattice structure, and is preferentially oriented so that the (111) plane of this face-centered cubic structure is parallel to the surface of the substrate 511.
• the first underlayer 732A contains Co and O, and has a columnar structure in which the ratio of the average atomic concentration of O to the average atomic concentration of Co is 1 or more, and the average grain size is 3 nm or more and 13 nm or less. This makes it possible to realize a magnetic layer 515 with good crystal orientation and high coercivity by reducing the thickness of the second underlayer 732B and using as little Ru, an expensive material, as possible.
• the Ru contained in the second underlayer 732B has the same hexagonal close-packed lattice structure as Co, the main component of the magnetic layer 515. Therefore, Ru has the effect of improving the crystal orientation of the magnetic layer 515 and promoting granularity at the same time.
• the first underlayer 732A and the seed layer 731 are provided under the second underlayer 732B.
• the first underlayer 732A containing inexpensive CoO with a face-centered cubic lattice structure achieves almost the same effect (function) as the second underlayer 732B containing Ru. Therefore, the thickness of the second underlayer 732B can be made thin.
• the seed layer 731 containing Cr, Ni and Fe is provided.
• the magnetic tape cartridge 10 is a one-reel type cartridge, but it may be a two-reel type cartridge.
• FIG 41 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a two-reel type cartridge 321.
• the cartridge 321 comprises an upper half 302 made of synthetic resin, a transparent window member 323 that fits into and is fixed to a window portion 302a opened on the upper surface of the upper half 302, a reel holder 322 that is fixed to the inside of the upper half 302 and prevents the reels 306 and 307 from floating up, a lower half 305 that corresponds to the upper half 302, the reels 306 and 307 that are stored in the space formed by combining the upper half 302 and the lower half 305, the magnetic tape MT wound on the reels 306 and 307, a front lid 309 that closes the front opening formed by combining the upper half 302 and the lower half 305, and a back lid 309A that protects the magnetic tape MT exposed at this front opening.
• Reels 306 and 307 are used to wind magnetic tape MT.
• Reel 306 comprises a lower flange 306b having a cylindrical hub portion 306a in the center around which magnetic tape MT is wound, an upper flange 306c of approximately the same size as lower flange 306b, and a reel plate 311 sandwiched between hub portion 306a and upper flange 306c.
• Reel 307 has the same configuration as reel 306.
• the window member 323 has mounting holes 323a at positions corresponding to the reels 306 and 307 for attaching reel holders 322, which are reel holding means for preventing the reels from floating up.
• the magnetic tape MT is the same as the magnetic tape MT in the first embodiment.
• the magnetic tape MT1 according to the second embodiment may further include an underlayer between the substrate 511 and the SUL 512. Since the SUL 512 has an amorphous state, it does not play a role in promoting epitaxial growth of the layer formed on the SUL 512, but it is required not to disturb the crystal orientation of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B formed on the SUL 512.
• the soft magnetic material has a fine structure that does not form columns, but if the influence of degassing such as moisture from the substrate 511 is large, the soft magnetic material may become coarse and disturb the crystal orientation of the first and second underlayers 514A and 514B formed on the SUL 512.
• an underlayer having an amorphous state which contains an alloy containing Ti and Cr, between the substrate 511 and the SUL 512, as described above.
• this underlayer a configuration similar to that of the first seed layer 513A of the second embodiment can be adopted.
• the magnetic tape MT1 does not have to include at least one of the second seed layer 513B and the second underlayer 514B. However, from the viewpoint of improving the SNR, it is more preferable to include both the second seed layer 513B and the second underlayer 514B.
• the magnetic tape MT1 may be provided with an APC-SUL (Antiparallel Coupled SUL) instead of a single-layer SUL.
• APC-SUL Antiparallel Coupled SUL
• the average width change ⁇ A, the average tension response ⁇ W, the average thickness of the substrate, the average thickness of the magnetic tape, the average thickness of the magnetic layer, the average thickness of the underlayer, the average thickness of the back layer, and the squareness ratio S2 in the longitudinal direction are values determined by the measurement method described in the first embodiment.
• Example 1 (SUL film formation process) First, a CoZrNb layer (SUL) having an average thickness of 10 nm was formed on one main surface of a long polymer film as a non-magnetic support under the following film formation conditions: A PEN film having an average thickness of 3.8 ⁇ m, an average longitudinal storage modulus of 5.5 GPa in an environment at a temperature of 50° C., and an average longitudinal Young's modulus of 6.3 GPa was used as the polymer film. Film formation method: DC magnetron sputtering method Target: CoZrNb target Gas type: Ar Gas pressure: 0.1 Pa
• Step of forming first seed layer a TiCr layer (first seed layer) having an average thickness of 5 nm was formed on the CoZrNb layer under the following film formation conditions.
• Sputtering method DC magnetron sputtering method
• Target TiCr target Ultimate vacuum: 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa
• Gas type Ar Gas pressure: 0.5 Pa
• Step of forming second seed layer a NiW layer (second seed layer) having an average thickness of 10 nm was formed on the TiCr layer under the following film formation conditions.
• Sputtering method DC magnetron sputtering method
• Target NiW target Ultimate vacuum: 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa
• Gas type Ar Gas pressure: 0.5 Pa
• Step of forming the first underlayer a Ru layer (first underlayer) having an average thickness of 10 nm was formed on the NiW layer under the following film formation conditions.
• Sputtering method DC magnetron sputtering method
• Target Ru target Gas type: Ar Gas pressure: 0.5 Pa
• Step of forming second underlayer a Ru layer (second underlayer) having an average thickness of 20 nm was formed on the Ru layer under the following film formation conditions.
• Sputtering method DC magnetron sputtering method
• Target Ru target Gas type: Ar Gas pressure: 1.5 Pa
• the magnetic tape obtained as described above was cut into a width of 1/2 inch (12.65 mm), thereby obtaining the desired long magnetic tape (average thickness 4.2 ⁇ m).
• the servo pattern included a first servo pattern and a second servo pattern that were asymmetric with respect to the width direction of the magnetic tape.
• the servo patterns in adjacent servo bands had a phase difference.
• Example 1 a sputtered film was used as the magnetic layer, a PEN film was used as the polymer film, and the average width change ⁇ A and average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1 by adjusting the stretching strength of the PEN film in the width and length directions.
• Example 2 As the polymer film, a reinforced PET film was used, which has an average thickness of 3.8 ⁇ m, an average longitudinal storage modulus of 3.9 GPa at a temperature of 50° C., and an average longitudinal Young's modulus of 4.6 GPa.
• the reinforced PET film means a PET film reinforced by adding polyamide.
• a sputtered film was used as the magnetic layer
• a reinforced PET film was used as the polymer film
• the average width change ⁇ A and average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1 by adjusting the stretching strength in the width direction and the longitudinal direction of the reinforced PET film.
• Example 2 the same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated to obtain a magnetic tape having an average thickness of 4.2 ⁇ m.
• Example 3 (Preparation process of paint for forming magnetic layer)
• the magnetic layer coating material was prepared as follows. First, the first composition having the following composition was mixed with an extruder. Next, the mixed first composition and the second composition having the following composition were added to a stirring tank equipped with a disperser and premixed. Then, the mixture was further mixed with a sand mill and filtered to prepare the magnetic layer coating material.
• Aluminum oxide powder 6 parts by mass ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , average particle size 0.1 ⁇ m)
• the paint for forming the undercoat layer was prepared as follows. First, the third composition having the following composition was mixed with an extruder. Next, the mixed third composition and the fourth composition having the following composition were added to a stirring tank equipped with a disperser and premixed. Then, further mixing was performed with a dyno mill and filtering was performed to prepare the paint for forming the undercoat layer.
• Carbon black 30 parts by mass (manufactured by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd., product name: #80)
• n-Butyl stearate 2 parts by mass Methyl ethyl ketone: 108.2 parts by mass Toluene: 108.2 parts by mass
• Cyclohexanone 100.0 parts by mass
• the paint for forming the back layer was prepared as follows. The following raw materials were mixed in a stirring tank equipped with a disperser and filtered to prepare the paint for forming the back layer.
• Carbon black manufactured by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd., product name: #80
• Polyester polyurethane 100 parts by mass
• Methyl ethyl ketone 500 parts by weight
• Toluene 400 parts by weight
• Cyclohexanone 100 parts by weight
• the base layer was formed by applying the base layer-forming paint onto the substrate and drying it.
• the application conditions were adjusted so that the average thickness of the base layer after calendaring was 0.8 ⁇ m.
• PEN with an average thickness of 4.0 ⁇ m was used as the polymer film.
• the magnetic layer-forming paint was applied onto the underlayer and dried to form a magnetic layer on the underlayer.
• the application conditions were adjusted so that the average thickness of the magnetic layer after calendaring would be 0.08 ⁇ m.
• the magnetic layer-forming paint was drying, the magnetic powder was magnetically oriented in the thickness direction of the polymer film by a neodymium magnet.
• the drying conditions (drying temperature and drying time) of the magnetic layer-forming paint were adjusted, and the squareness ratio in the longitudinal direction was set to 33%.
• a back layer was formed by applying a paint for forming a back layer to the other main surface of the PEN film on which the underlayer and magnetic layer were formed, and then drying it. At this time, the application conditions were adjusted so that the average thickness of the back layer after calendaring was 0.32 ⁇ m. In this way, a magnetic tape was obtained.
• the magnetic tape was wound into a roll, and then subjected to a heat treatment in this state to harden the underlayer and the magnetic layer.
• the magnetic tape obtained as described above was cut into a width of 1/2 inch (12.65 mm), thereby obtaining the desired long magnetic tape (average thickness 5.2 ⁇ m).
• the servo pattern included a first servo pattern and a second servo pattern that were asymmetric with respect to the width direction of the magnetic tape.
• the servo patterns in adjacent servo bands had a phase difference.
• Example 3 a coating film was used as the magnetic layer, a PEN film was used as the polymer film, and the average width change ⁇ A and average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1 by adjusting the stretching strength of the PEN film in the width direction and length direction.
• Example 4 The stretching strength of the PEN film in the width direction and the length direction was adjusted, and further, after the calendaring process, a strain relaxation treatment (maintained in a 60° C. environment for 48 hours) was performed, whereby the average width change ⁇ A and the average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1. Other than the above, the same procedure as in Example 3 was repeated to obtain a magnetic tape having an average thickness of 5.2 ⁇ m.
• the polymer film used was a PET film having an average thickness of 4.8 ⁇ m, an average longitudinal storage modulus of 3.9 GPa in an environment at a temperature of 50° C., and an average longitudinal Young's modulus of 4.7 GPa.
• a sputtered film was used as the magnetic layer
• a PET film was used as the polymer film
• the average width change ⁇ A and average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1 by adjusting the stretching strength of the PET film in the width direction and longitudinal direction.
• the same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated to obtain a magnetic tape having an average thickness of 5.2 ⁇ m.
• Example 3 The polymer film used was a reinforced PET film having an average thickness of 4.6 ⁇ m. By adjusting the stretching strength in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the reinforced PET film, the average width change ⁇ A and the average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1. Other than the above, the same procedure as in Example 3 was repeated to obtain a magnetic tape having an average thickness of 5.6 ⁇ m.
• Example 4 As the polymer film, a reinforced PET film having an average thickness of 4.0 ⁇ m was used. By adjusting the stretching strength in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the reinforced PET film, the average width change ⁇ A and the average tension response ⁇ W were set to the values shown in Table 1. Other than the above, the same procedure as in Example 3 was repeated to obtain a magnetic tape having an average thickness of 5.2 ⁇ m.
• each of the magnetic recording tapes of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was evaluated. Specifically, for each of the magnetic recording tapes, the average width change ⁇ A, the average tension response ⁇ W, the average thickness of the magnetic tape, the average thickness of the substrate, the squareness ratio S2 of the magnetic layer in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape, and the average Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape were measured. These were determined by the measurement method described in 1. (2) above. These measurement results are shown in Table 1. Also, Figure 42 is a graph showing the measurement results of the width change of the magnetic tape of Example 1.
• the servo band pitch difference was measured using the measurement method described in 1. (4) above.
• the amount of width change over an estimated 10 years, the tension required to adjust for the width change over an estimated 10 years, and the movement angle of the drive head arranged at an angle were calculated. These calculation methods are described below.
• FIG. 43 is a graph showing the width change amount assuming 10 years in each embodiment and comparative example.
• FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for calculating the movement angle of a tilted drive head, which is the movement angle of the drive head required to deal with an assumed width change over 10 years.
• the left side of Fig. 44 shows the distance (h) between the two servo read heads of the drive head, the servo band pitch (SP), and the tilt angle (10°) of the drive head for the initial (before width change) magnetic tape.
• Cos10° SP/h.
• Examples 1 to 4 are magnetic tapes that satisfy the conditions that the absolute value of the average width change ⁇ A is 170 ppm or less, the average tension response ⁇ W is 700 ppm/N or more, and the average difference over the entire length of the magnetic recording medium between two adjacent servo band pitches in multiple servo bands is 100 nm or less. Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are magnetic tapes that do not satisfy these conditions.
• the absolute value of the amount of width change over 10 years does not exceed 500 ppm, so it is believed that the expected width change after 10 years can be accommodated by adjusting the angle of the drive head. Therefore, it is believed that the magnetic tape of this technology can accommodate width changes in the magnetic tape by adjusting the angle of the drive head, even if the magnetic tape is stored or run in a high-temperature environment for a long period of time (e.g., 10 years).
• the present technology is not limited to the above embodiments and variations, and various variations based on the technical ideas of the present technology are possible.
• the configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc., given in the above embodiments and variations are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc., may be used as necessary.
• the configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, and numerical values, etc., of the above embodiments and variations can be combined with each other as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present technology.
• the present technology can also adopt the following configuration.
• a tape-shaped magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer having a plurality of servo bands on which a plurality of servo patterns adjacent in a width direction are recorded, the absolute value of the average width change of the magnetic recording medium before and after being left stationary for 40 hours in an environment of a temperature of 50° C. and a relative humidity of 40% RH with a tension of 0.55 N per 1 ⁇ 2 inch of width applied to the magnetic recording medium in the longitudinal direction is 170 ppm or less, and the average tension response to the tension in the longitudinal direction in an environment of a temperature of 50° C.
• a magnetic recording medium in which an average difference between two adjacent servo band pitches in the plurality of servo bands over the entire length of the magnetic recording medium is 100 nm or less.
• the magnetic recording medium according to [1], wherein the average tension response is 715 ppm/N or more and 15,000 ppm/N or less.
• the magnetic recording medium according to [1] or [2], wherein the absolute value of the average width change is 140 ppm or less.
• the magnetic layer is configured to be capable of forming a plurality of data tracks, and the width of the data tracks is 1100 nm or less.
• a method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium having a plurality of servo patterns recorded on a magnetic layer of the magnetic recording medium comprising the steps of: running the magnetic recording medium; and individually adjusting the temperatures of a plurality of recording portions of a servo write head;
• a method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium comprising: recording the plurality of servo patterns on the magnetic layer by the plurality of recording portions.
• a cartridge comprising: a magnetic recording medium according to [1]; and a storage unit configured to be able to write adjustment information for adjusting the tension applied to the magnetic recording medium in the longitudinal direction.
• MT magnetic tape 5 recording track 6 servo pattern 9 cartridge memory 10 tape cartridge 10S sample 11 cartridge case 11a upper shell 11b lower shell 13 tape reel 14 opening 15 metal plate 16 reel spring 17 reel lock member 18 spider 19 tape outlet 20 slide door 21 torsion spring 22 leader pin 23 pin holder 24 elastic holder 25 safety tab 30 tape drive device 31 spindle 32 take-up reel 33 spindle drive device 34 reel drive device 35 guide roller 36 drive head 36a first drive head 36b second drive head 37 reader/writer 38 control device 39 thermometer 40 hygrometer 41 substrate 42 undercoat layer 43 magnetic layer 44 back layer 70 coil 80 temperature adjustment section 91 ventilation block 91a gas outlet 92a Gas outlet 92L Positioning block 92R Positioning block 93 Shield plate 94 Valve mechanism 95 Groove 96 Notch G1 Square groove T1 Top 100 Servo pattern recording device 111 Feed roller 112 Pre-processing section 112a Permanent magnet 113 Servo write head 114 Reproducing head section 115 Winding roller 120 Drive section 121 Converter 122 Signal generating section 123

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• 2023
  • 2023-09-07 JP JP2024549958A patent/JPWO2024070554A1/ja active Pending
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