WO2024070535A1 - レジストパターン形成方法 - Google Patents
レジストパターン形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024070535A1 WO2024070535A1 PCT/JP2023/032396 JP2023032396W WO2024070535A1 WO 2024070535 A1 WO2024070535 A1 WO 2024070535A1 JP 2023032396 W JP2023032396 W JP 2023032396W WO 2024070535 A1 WO2024070535 A1 WO 2024070535A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0042—Photosensitive materials with inorganic or organometallic light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. inorganic resists
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F232/00—Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system
- C08F232/08—Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having condensed rings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/094—Multilayer resist systems, e.g. planarising layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/11—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having cover layers or intermediate layers, e.g. subbing layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/167—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor from the gas phase, by plasma deposition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
- G03F7/325—Non-aqueous compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/38—Treatment before imagewise removal, e.g. prebaking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70008—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
- G03F7/70033—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources by plasma extreme ultraviolet [EUV] sources
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a resist pattern.
- a resist film formed from a radiation-sensitive composition for forming a resist film is exposed to electromagnetic waves such as far ultraviolet rays (e.g., ArF excimer laser light, KrF excimer laser light, etc.), extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV), or charged particle rays such as electron beams to generate acid in the exposed areas.
- electromagnetic waves such as far ultraviolet rays (e.g., ArF excimer laser light, KrF excimer laser light, etc.), extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV), or charged particle rays such as electron beams to generate acid in the exposed areas.
- EUV extreme ultraviolet rays
- a chemical reaction catalyzed by this acid creates a difference in the dissolution rate in a developer between the exposed and unexposed areas, forming a pattern on the substrate.
- the formed pattern can be used as a mask in substrate processing.
- Such pattern formation methods are required to improve the resist performance as processing technology becomes finer.
- the present invention was made based on the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a new method for forming a resist pattern that can improve nano-edge roughness, has satisfactory sensitivity, and suppresses the generation of outgassing.
- the present invention comprises: A step of directly or indirectly forming a metal-containing resist film on a substrate; A step of laminating a protective film on the metal-containing resist film using a composition for forming a protective film;
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a resist pattern, comprising: a step of exposing the metal-containing resist film having the protective film laminated thereon; and a step of removing a portion of the exposed metal-containing resist film to form a pattern.
- the resist pattern forming method of the present invention in a pattern forming method using a resist composition that uses a metal compound, can improve nano-edge roughness while fully satisfying the sensitivity of the resist, and can also suppress the generation of outgassing from the resist film. Therefore, the present invention can be suitably used for forming fine resist patterns in the lithography process of various electronic devices such as semiconductor devices and liquid crystal devices.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a line pattern viewed from above.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a line pattern shape.
- the resist pattern forming method includes a step of forming a metal-containing resist film directly or indirectly on a substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a "metal-containing resist film forming step”), a step of laminating a protective film on the metal-containing resist film using a protective film forming composition (hereinafter also referred to as a “protective film laminating step”), a step of exposing the metal-containing resist film on which the protective film is laminated (hereinafter also referred to as an "exposure step”), and a step of removing a portion of the exposed metal-containing resist film to form a pattern (hereinafter also referred to as a "pattern forming step”).
- a step of forming a resist underlayer film directly or indirectly on a substrate hereinafter also referred to as a “resist underlayer film forming step” may be included.
- Metal-containing resist film forming process In this step, a metal-containing resist film is formed directly or indirectly on a substrate.
- the metal-containing resist film can be formed by depositing a metal compound on a substrate.
- the substrate examples include metal or semimetal substrates such as silicon substrates, aluminum substrates, nickel substrates, chromium substrates, molybdenum substrates, tungsten substrates, copper substrates, tantalum substrates, and titanium substrates, among which silicon substrates are preferred.
- the substrate may be a substrate on which a silicon nitride film, an alumina film, a silicon dioxide film, a tantalum nitride film, a titanium nitride film, or the like is formed.
- An example of a case where a metal-containing resist film is indirectly formed on a substrate is a case where a metal-containing resist film is formed on a resist underlayer film, which is described below, formed on the substrate.
- the deposition of the metal compound may be performed by deposition by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD).
- the deposition may be performed by plasma enhanced (PE) CVD or plasma enhanced (PE) ALD.
- the ALD deposition temperature may be 50° C. to 600° C.
- the ALD deposition pressure may be 100 to 6000 mTorr.
- the ALD metal compound flow rate may be 0.01 to 10 ccm and the gas flow rates (CO 2 , CO, Ar, N 2 ) may be 100 to 10000 sccm.
- the ALD plasma power may be 200 to 1000 W per 300 mm wafer station using high frequency plasma (e.g., 13.56 MHz, 27.1 MHz, or higher).
- Suitable process conditions for deposition by CVD include a deposition temperature of about 250° C.-350° C. (e.g., 350° C.), a reactor pressure of less than 6 Torr (e.g., maintained at 1.5-2.5 Torr at 350° C.), a plasma power/bias of 200 W per 300 mm wafer station using a high frequency plasma (e.g., 13.56 MHz or higher), a metal compound flow rate of about 100-500 ccm, and a CO2 flow rate of about 1000-2000 sccm.
- the metal compound may, for example, be a compound represented by the following formula (I).
- M is Sn or Hf
- each X is independently a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, or amido group.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of haloalkylSn, alkoxyalkylSn, and amidoalkylSn is preferred.
- preferred examples of the compound represented by the above formula (I) include tetramethyltin, tetrafluorotin, methyltris(methoxymethyl)tin, trimethyltin chloride, dimethyltin dichloride, methyltin trichloride, tris(dimethylamino)methyltin(IV), (dimethylamino)trimethyltin(IV), tetrabromotin, and tetrachlorohafnium.
- the metal-containing resist film preferably contains an organotin oxide.
- a protective film is laminated on the metal-containing resist film using a composition for forming a protective film described later.
- This composition for forming a protective film is usually applied so as to cover the surface of the metal-containing resist film.
- the protective film is formed of a polymer with a high glass transition temperature, the permeation of volatile components generated by the metal-containing resist film can be suppressed, and outgassing can be reduced.
- the coating method is not particularly limited as long as the protective film-forming composition is applied so as to cover the surface of the metal-containing resist film, but examples include spin coating, casting coating, roll coating, etc.
- the thickness of the protective film formed is usually 10 nm to 1,000 nm, and preferably 10 nm to 500 nm.
- the solvent in the coating film may be evaporated by pre-baking as necessary.
- the pre-baking temperature is appropriately selected depending on the formulation of the protective film-forming composition, but is usually 30°C to 200°C, and preferably 50°C to 150°C.
- the pre-baking time is usually 5 seconds to 600 seconds, and preferably 10 seconds to 300 seconds.
- the protective film formed from the protective film forming composition preferably absorbs light having a wavelength of 150 nm or more and 350 nm or less.
- the maximum value of the extinction coefficient in this range is preferably 0.3 or more, and more preferably the maximum value is 0.5 or more.
- This maximum value of the extinction coefficient may or may not be the maximum value of the peak, and may be, for example, a peak maximum outside the above wavelength range, and the value of the extinction coefficient at the base of this peak may satisfy the above condition in the above wavelength range. If the protective film can absorb light having a wavelength of 150 nm or more and 350 nm or less, the protective film formed from the protective film forming composition in the resist pattern forming method can further reduce the influence of out-of-band generated by EUV light.
- the radiation used for exposure can be appropriately selected depending on the type of metal-containing resist film used.
- visible light, ultraviolet light, far ultraviolet light, electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and gamma rays, electron beams, molecular beams, particle beams such as ion beams, etc. can be mentioned.
- KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm), ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), F2 excimer laser light (wavelength 157 nm), Kr2 excimer laser light (wavelength 147 nm), ArKr excimer laser light (wavelength 134 nm) or extreme ultraviolet light (wavelength 13.5 nm, etc., also referred to as "EUV”) is more preferred, and EUV is even more preferred.
- the exposure conditions can be appropriately determined depending on the type of metal-containing resist film used, etc.
- EUV exposure induces a dimerization reaction of organotin oxides in the exposed portions of the metal-containing resist film.
- the organotin oxide CH3Sn (SnO) 3 can be dimerized by EUV exposure to produce Sn2 ((SnO) 3 ) 2 .
- PEB post-exposure baking
- the PEB temperature and PEB time can be appropriately determined depending on the type of material used to form the metal-containing resist film.
- the lower limit of the PEB temperature is preferably 50°C, and more preferably 70°C.
- the upper limit of the PEB temperature is preferably 500°C, and more preferably 300°C.
- the lower limit of the PEB time is preferably 10 seconds, and more preferably 30 seconds.
- the upper limit of the PEB time is preferably 600 seconds, and more preferably 300 seconds.
- heating can be performed during exposure.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 20°C, and more preferably 30°C.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 70°C, and more preferably 60°C.
- the exposed portion of the exposed metal-containing resist film is dissolved with a developer to form a positive resist pattern.
- the dimerization product of the organotin oxide in the metal-containing resist film is dissolved with the developer to develop the metal-containing resist film.
- Sn2 ((SnO) 3 ) 2 generated by the dimerization reaction due to EUV exposure is dissolved with the developer to develop the metal-containing resist film to form a resist pattern.
- the protective film can be removed by development with a known alkaline developer or development with an organic solvent.
- the developer used in this step includes water, alcohol-based liquids, ether-based liquids, etc., and two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the alcohol-based liquid include monoalcohol-based liquids such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, iso-pentanol, sec-pentanol, t-pentanol, 2-methylpentanol, and 4-methyl-2-pentanol.
- the ether liquid examples include polyhydric alcohol partial ether solvents such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; and polyhydric alcohol partial ether acetate liquids such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.
- the developer is preferably water or an alcohol-based liquid, more preferably water, ethanol or a combination thereof.
- the temperature of the developer can be appropriately determined depending on the type of material used to form the metal-containing resist film.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the developer is preferably 20°C, more preferably 30°C, and even more preferably 40°C.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the developer is preferably 70°C, and more preferably 60°C.
- the lower limit of the development time is preferably 10 seconds, and more preferably 30 seconds.
- the upper limit of the development time is preferably 600 seconds, and more preferably 300 seconds. In this step, after the exposed portion of the metal-containing resist film is dissolved by the developer, washing and/or drying may be performed.
- the unexposed portion of the exposed metal-containing resist film can be removed by heating to form a negative resist pattern.
- the metal compound forming the metal-containing resist film is preferably represented by the following formula (1).
- M(X) 4 (1) (In formula (1), M is Sn or Hf. Each X is independently a halogen atom or an alkyl group.)
- At least one selected from the group consisting of Sn(CH 3 ) 4 , Sn(Br) 4 and HfCl 4 is preferred.
- the unexposed portions of the exposed metal-containing resist film can be volatilized to form a resist pattern.
- the volatilization can be performed by heating as described above, by reducing pressure, or by a combination of heating and reducing pressure.
- the resist pattern obtained by the present invention may be used as a mask to etch the substrate. Etching may be performed once or multiple times, i.e., etching may be performed sequentially using the pattern obtained by etching as a mask. Examples of etching methods include dry etching and wet etching. By the above etching, a semiconductor substrate having a predetermined pattern is obtained.
- the composition for forming a resist underlayer film is first directly or indirectly coated onto a substrate.
- the method for coating the composition for forming a resist underlayer film is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by an appropriate method such as spin coating, casting coating, roll coating, etc. This forms a coating film, and the solvent in the composition for forming a resist underlayer film volatilizes, forming a resist underlayer film.
- the composition for forming a resist underlayer film will be described later.
- the coating film formed by the above coating is heated. Heating the coating film promotes the formation of the resist underlayer film. More specifically, heating the coating film promotes the volatilization of the solvent in the composition for forming the resist underlayer film.
- the coating film may be heated in an air atmosphere or in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 100°C, more preferably 150°C, and even more preferably 200°C.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 400°C, more preferably 350°C, and even more preferably 280°C.
- the lower limit of the heating time is preferably 15 seconds, and more preferably 30 seconds.
- the upper limit of the heating time is preferably 1,200 seconds, and more preferably 600 seconds.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the resist underlayer film formed is preferably 0.5 nm, more preferably 1 nm, and even more preferably 2 nm.
- the upper limit of the average thickness is preferably 50 nm, more preferably 20 nm, even more preferably 10 nm, and particularly preferably 7 nm.
- the method for measuring the average thickness is as described in the Examples.
- compositions described in WO2018/173446, WO2018/179704, etc. can be used.
- the composition for forming a protective film according to the present embodiment contains the polymer [A] and the organic solvent [B].
- the composition for forming a protective film may contain any optional components other than the polymer [A] and the organic solvent [B], as long as the optional components do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the composition for forming a protective film is used for coating the surface of a resist film in the method for forming a resist pattern, and is used to form a protective film on the resist film. Each component will be described below.
- the polymer [A] preferably has a structural unit (I) containing a cyclic structure.
- the structural unit (I) it is possible to absorb out-of-band generated during exposure, and the glass transition temperature is relatively high.
- the protective film formed from the protective film forming composition can improve the nano-edge roughness of the obtained resist pattern, and can suppress outgassing generated by the resist film.
- the polymer [A] may have a structural unit other than the structural unit (I).
- the structural unit (I) may be at least one selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by the following formulas (1) to (4), and among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of the structural unit represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as “structural unit (I-1)”) and the structural unit represented by the following formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as “structural unit (I-2)”) is preferred.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R include monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, monovalent organic groups containing a heteroatom-containing group between the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group or at the end of the hydrocarbon group, and groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group or organic group have been replaced with substituents.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- heteroatom examples include an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, and a phosphorus atom.
- heteroatom-containing group examples include -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -S-, and combinations of these.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, hydroxy groups, carboxy groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, alkoxy groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, and acyl groups.
- R examples include organic groups represented by -L 1 -(R 7 ) n .
- the above L 1 is a single bond or an (n+1)-valent group derived from a hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by L1 include alkanes having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkanes having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and arenes having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the (n+1)-valent group derived from an alkane having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include groups obtained by removing (n+1) hydrogen atoms from an alkane such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, or pentane.
- Examples of (n+1)-valent groups derived from cycloalkanes having 3 to 15 carbon atoms include groups obtained by removing (n+1) hydrogen atoms from cycloalkanes such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclodecane, norbornane, and adamantane.
- Examples of (n+1)-valent groups derived from arenes with 6 to 20 carbon atoms include groups obtained by removing (n+1) hydrogen atoms from arenes such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene.
- R7 is a group having a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, or an -OR A group at its terminal, and the carbon atom to which this group is bonded has at least one fluorine atom or fluorinated alkyl group (hereinafter also referred to as "group (a)").
- R A is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R the monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R above can be suitably used.
- R7 is group (a).
- n 1 or 2.
- L 1 in the structural unit (I-1) is preferably a single bond or a methylene group, and more preferably a single bond.
- the above R 7 is preferably the above group (a).
- a group (a) is not particularly limited as long as it has this structure, but is preferably a group represented by the following formula (a').
- R 1 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R 1 to R 6 is a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R A has the same meaning as R A in R 7 above.
- Examples of the halogen atom represented by R 1 to R 6 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms represented by R 1 to R 6 include a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a linear or branched heptafluoropropyl group, a nonafluorobutyl group, and an undecafluoropentyl group.
- R 1 to R 6 are preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- R A is preferably a hydrogen atom from the viewpoint of improving the development removability of the protective film.
- Examples of the group (a) include a methylfluoromethylhydroxymethyl group, a methyldifluoromethylhydroxymethyl group, a methyltrifluoromethylhydroxymethyl group, a di(fluoromethyl)hydroxymethyl group, a di(trifluoromethyl)hydroxymethyl group, a trifluoromethylpentafluoroethylhydroxymethyl group, a di(pentafluoroethyl)hydroxymethyl group, and the like. Of these, the di(trifluoromethyl)hydroxymethyl group is preferred.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom from the viewpoint of increasing the sensitivity of the resist film on which the protective film is laminated, and is preferably a hydroxyl group or group (a) from the viewpoint of improving the development removability of the protective film, with a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a di(trifluoromethyl)hydroxymethyl group being more preferred.
- structural unit (I-1) examples include structural units represented by the following formulas (1-1-1) to (1-1-12) (hereinafter also referred to as “structural units (I-1-1) to (I-1-12)").
- structural units (I-1-1) to (I-1-3) are preferred.
- a (n+1)-valent group derived from an alkane having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkane having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or an arene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferred, and a divalent or trivalent group derived from methane, ethane, cyclohexane, or benzene is particularly preferred.
- structural unit (I-2) examples include structural units represented by the following formulas (1-2-1) to (1-2-8) (hereinafter also referred to as “structural units (I-2-1) to (I-2-8)").
- structural unit (I-2-1) and structural unit (I-2-2) are preferred.
- the lower limit of the content of the structural unit (I) is preferably 10 mol %, more preferably 25 mol %, and even more preferably 40 mol %, based on all structural units constituting the polymer (A).
- the upper limit of the content of the structural unit (I) is preferably 100 mol%, more preferably 80 mol%, and even more preferably 70 mol%.
- Examples of monomers that provide structural unit (I) include compounds represented by the following formulas (1-1-1m) to (1-2-8m) (hereinafter also referred to as “compounds (1-1-1m) to (1-2-8m)").
- Examples of the structural unit other than the structural unit (I) include a structural unit containing at least one selected from the group consisting of (ii) an alkali-soluble group, (iii) an alkali-dissociable group, and (iv) an acid-dissociable group (hereinafter also referred to as "structural unit (II)").
- structural unit (II) an acid-dissociable group
- An alkali-dissociable group is a group that replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, etc., and dissociates under the action of an alkali.
- the polymer [A] has a structural unit that includes an alkali-dissociable group (iii), and as a result, its solubility is increased by the action of an alkaline developer.
- An acid-dissociable group is a group that replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, etc., and dissociates under the action of an acid.
- alkali-soluble group examples include a carboxy group, a sulfo group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulfonamide group, a group having a ⁇ -diketone structure, a group having a ⁇ -ketoester structure, a group having a ⁇ -dicarboxylate structure, a group having a ⁇ -thioxoketone structure, and the above group (a).
- Examples of the structural unit containing an alkali-soluble group include structural units represented by the following formulas (ii-1) to (ii-6).
- R 1 C each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- each a is independently an integer of 1 to 3.
- Each R 1 B is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Each b is independently an integer of 0 to 4. When there are multiple R 1 B , the multiple R 1 B may be the same or different, provided that 1 ⁇ a+b ⁇ 5 is satisfied.
- L 3 and L 4 are each independently a single bond, a methylene group, an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent group obtained by combining these groups with at least one selected from the group consisting of -O- and -CO-.
- R 8 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or the above group (a).
- R 1 X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group.
- the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group, alicyclic hydrocarbon group, alkoxy group, acyl group, aralkyl group and aryl group may be partially or completely substituted.
- R a and R b are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, a cyano group, a cyanomethyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group.
- R a or R b and R X may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- d is an integer of 1 to 3.
- R X and R Y each are plural, the plural R X and R Y may be the same or different.
- L5 is a (d+1)-valent linking group.
- R 1 Z is a divalent linking group.
- R 1 W is a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of structural units containing an alkali-soluble group include structural units represented by the following formulas (2-1-1) to (2-4-2).
- R C has the same meaning as in the above formulas (ii-1) to (ii-6).
- structural units containing an alkali-soluble group can also include structural units represented by the following formula:
- R 1 C is each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- Examples of the structural unit containing an alkali dissociable group (iii) include structural units represented by the following formulas (c2-1-1) to (c2-2-2).
- R 1 C is each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 9 is a group in which -COR 9 is an alkali dissociable group.
- R 9 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Each n1 is independently an integer of 0 to 4.
- Each Rf is independently a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When there are multiple Rfs, the multiple Rfs may be the same or different.
- R 31 , R 33 and R 34 are each independently a single bond, a linear or branched divalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 32 is a trivalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and may have an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group, or an imino group at the terminal on the R 33 or R 34 side.
- R 10 is each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 10 is an alkali dissociable group.
- R 10 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Each n1 is independently an integer of 0 to 4.
- Each Rf is independently a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. When there are multiple Rfs, the multiple Rfs may be the same or different.
- R 21 , R 23 and R 24 are each independently a linear or branched divalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 22 is a trivalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and may have an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group, or an imino group at the terminal on the R 23 or R 24 side.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (c2-1-1) include structural units represented by the following formulae (c2-1-1a) to (c2-1-1d).
- Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (c2-1-2) include structural units represented by the following formulae (c2-1-2a) or (c2-1-2b).
- R C and R 9 are the same as those in formulae (c2-1-1) to (c2-1-2).
- Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (c2-2-1) include structural units represented by the following formulas (c2-2-1a) to (c2-2-1d), in which R 1C and R 10 are the same as defined in formulas (c2-2-1) to (c2-2-2) above.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the above formula (c2-2-1a) include the structural unit represented by the following formula:
- R 3 C is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- examples of the above (iii) other structural units containing an alkali dissociable group include structural units represented by the following formula.
- R 1 C are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- i and j are each independently an integer of 1 to 4.
- h and g are each independently 0 or 1.
- the content of the structural unit (II) is preferably 2 mol% or more, more preferably 5 mol% to 40 mol%, and even more preferably 8 mol% to 25 mol%, based on the total structural units constituting the polymer [A].
- the polymer [A] may contain other structural units such as those represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-6) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- R 12 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
- the polymer [A] can be produced, for example, by polymerizing monomers corresponding to each predetermined structural unit in a suitable solvent using a radical polymerization initiator.
- a radical polymerization initiator for example, it is preferable to synthesize the polymer by a method in which a solution containing a monomer and a radical initiator is dropped into a reaction solvent or a solution containing a monomer to polymerize the monomer, a method in which a solution containing a monomer and a solution containing a radical initiator are dropped separately into a reaction solvent or a solution containing a monomer to polymerize the monomer, or a method in which a plurality of solutions containing each monomer and a solution containing a radical initiator are dropped separately into a reaction solvent or a solution containing a monomer to polymerize the monomer, or the like.
- Examples of the solvent used in the polymerization include alkanes such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane; cycloalkanes such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, decalin, and norbornane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and cumene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobutanes, bromohexanes, dichloroethanes, hexamethylene dibromide, and chlorobenzene; saturated carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, and methyl propionate; ketones such as acetone, 2-butanone (methyl
- the reaction temperature in the above polymerization may be appropriately determined depending on the type of radical initiator, but is usually 40°C to 150°C, preferably 50°C to 120°C.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour to 48 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the radical initiators used in the above polymerization include azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-cyclopropylpropionitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile), etc. Two or more of these initiators may be mixed and used.
- the polymer obtained by the polymerization reaction is preferably recovered by a reprecipitation method. That is, after the polymerization reaction is completed, the polymerization liquid is poured into a reprecipitation solvent to recover the target polymer as a powder.
- a reprecipitation solvent alcohols, alkanes, etc. can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer can also be recovered by removing low molecular weight components such as monomers and oligomers by separation operations, column operations, ultrafiltration operations, etc.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer [A] as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably 1,000 to 50,000, and even more preferably 1,000 to 30,000.
- the ratio (Mw/Mn) of Mw to number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer [A] is usually 1 to 5, and preferably 1 to 3.
- Mw and Mn refer to values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using GPC columns (2 G2000HXL, 1 G3000HXL, 1 G4000HXL, all manufactured by Tosoh) under analysis conditions of a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, elution solvent tetrahydrofuran, sample concentration of 1.0 mass%, sample injection amount of 100 ⁇ L, and column temperature of 40°C, using a differential refractometer as a detector, and monodisperse polystyrene as the standard.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the organic solvent (B) is not particularly limited so long as it can dissolve the polymer (A) and any optional components and does not easily dissolve the resist film components.
- Examples of the organic solvent include alcohol-based solvents, ether-based solvents, ketone-based organic solvents, amide-based solvents, ester-based solvents, and hydrocarbon-based solvents.
- alcohol-based solvents examples include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, iso-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec-pentanol, tert-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, sec-heptanol, 3-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, sec-octanol, n-nonyl alcohol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol, n-decanol, sec-undecyl alcohol, and trimethylnonyl.
- Monoalcohol-based solvents such as alcohol, sec-tetradecyl alcohol, sec-heptadecyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, phenol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, and diacetone alcohol; polyhydric alcohol-based solvents such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 2,4-heptanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol;
- polyhydric alcohol partial ether solvent include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl
- ether solvents include dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl methyl ether, butyl ethyl ether, butyl propyl ether, dibutyl ether, diisobutyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tert-butyl ethyl ether, tert-butyl propyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether, dipentyl ether, diisoamyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, cyclohexyl ethyl ether, cyclopentyl propyl ether, cyclopentyl-2-propyl ether, cyclohexyl propyl ether, cyclohexyl-2-propyl ether, cyclopentyl butyl ether, cyclopent
- Ketone solvents include, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl ketone, methyl n-amyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, methyl n-hexyl ketone, di-iso-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, cyclooctanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone, acetophenone, and other ketone solvents.
- amide solvents include N,N'-dimethylimidazolidinone, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpropionamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.
- Ester solvents include, for example, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, sec-pentyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, methylpentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, methylcyclohexyl acetate, n-nonyl acetate, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
- hydrocarbon solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-pentane, iso-pentane, n-hexane, iso-hexane, n-heptane, iso-heptane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, n-octane, iso-octane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane;
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvent include benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, methylethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, diethylbenzene, isobutylbenzene, triethylbenzene, di-isopropylbenzene, and n-amylnaphthalene.
- the organic solvent [B] preferably contains at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of ether-based solvents and alcohol-based solvents, and more preferably contains an ether-based solvent and an alcohol-based solvent.
- the ether-based solvent an ether-based solvent having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is preferred, an ether-based solvent having 8 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferred, a dialiphatic ether-based solvent having 8 to 12 carbon atoms is even more preferred, and diisoamyl ether is particularly preferred.
- the alcohol-based solvent an alcohol-based solvent having 3 to 9 carbon atoms is preferred, an alcohol-based solvent having 5 to 7 carbon atoms is more preferred, a monoalcohol-based solvent having 5 to 7 carbon atoms is even more preferred, and 4-methyl-2-pentanol is particularly preferred.
- the organic solvent (B) preferably contains an ether-based solvent, and the content of this ether-based solvent is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and even more preferably 50% by mass or more. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the protective film-forming composition may contain optional components other than the polymer (A) and the organic solvent (B) within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- optional components include an acid diffusion controller, an acid generator, etc. Known compounds can be used as the acid diffusion controller and the acid generator.
- the acid diffusion control agent has the effect of preventing the acid generated in the resist film from diffusing through the protective film to the unexposed areas, and preventing the acid diffusion control agent in the resist film from diffusing into the protective film due to a concentration gradient.
- the acid generator has the effect of compensating for the lack of acid in the resist film, which occurs when the acid that should contribute to the deprotection reaction in the resist film diffuses into the protective film.
- composition for forming a protective film is prepared, for example, by mixing the polymer [A] and any optional components in a predetermined ratio in the organic solvent [B].
- the composition for forming a protective film can also be prepared and used in a state in which it is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable organic solvent [B].
- the obtained mixture may be filtered, if necessary, with a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.4 ⁇ m or less.
- the sensitivity of the metal-containing resist can be more fully satisfied, while the protective film absorbs out-of-band and/or has a relatively high glass transition temperature, thereby suppressing acid diffusion from the metal-containing resist film to the protective film during PEB, etc., thereby further improving nano-edge roughness, and by making the glass transition temperature of the protective film relatively high, the generation of outgassing from the metal-containing resist film can be further suppressed.
- the 13 C-NMR analysis for determining the content ratio of the structural units of the polymer was carried out using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (JNM-ECX400, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) with CDCl 3 as the measurement solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal standard.
- JNM-ECX400 nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus
- TMS tetramethylsilane
- polymer (A-1) had an Mw of 6,000 and an Mw/Mn of 1.8.
- content ratios of each structural unit derived from compound (M-2) and compound (M-3) were 50 mol% and 50 mol%, respectively.
- polymer (A-2) had an Mw of 6,500 and an Mw/Mn of 1.9.
- the content ratios of each structural unit derived from compound (M-2) and compound (M-4) were 50 mol% and 50 mol%, respectively.
- Polymer (A-3) had an Mw of 10,000 and an Mw/Mn of 2.1. Furthermore, as a result of 13 C-NMR analysis, the content ratios of structural units derived from p-hydroxystyrene and structural units derived from compound (M-5) were 50 mol % and 50 mol %, respectively.
- polymer (A-4) had an Mw of 9,000 and an Mw/Mn of 2.2.
- the content ratios of each structural unit derived from compound (M-2) and compound (M-6) were 50 mol% and 50 mol%, respectively.
- Polymer (A-5) had an Mw of 10,000 and an Mw/Mn of 2.0. Furthermore, as a result of 13 C-NMR analysis, the content ratios of structural units derived from p-hydroxystyrene and structural units derived from compound (M-7) were 50 mol % and 50 mol %, respectively.
- polymer (A-6) was washed twice with 300 g of hexane, and the obtained white powder was filtered and dried overnight at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain polymer (A-6).
- Polymer (A-6) had an Mw of 10,000 and an Mw/Mn of 2.1.
- the contents of the structural units derived from compound (M-2), compound (M-5) and compound (M-8) were 30 mol %, 50 mol % and 20 mol %, respectively.
- polymer (A-7) had an Mw of 7,000 and an Mw/Mn of 2.0.
- the contents of the structural units derived from compound (M-2), compound (M-6) and compound (M-9) were 40 mol %, 50 mol % and 10 mol %, respectively.
- B-1 4-methyl-2-pentanol
- B-2 diisoamyl ether
- Preparation Example 1 100 parts by mass of the polymer (A-1) synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 and 10,000 parts by mass of an organic solvent (B-2) were mixed, and the resulting mixture was filtered using a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.20 ⁇ m, thereby preparing a composition for forming a protective film (T-1).
- a metal-containing resist film (R-1) having a thickness of 5 nm was formed on the surface of a 12-inch silicon wafer by a CVD apparatus at 350° C. with a methyltin trichloride flow rate of 200 ccm and a CO 2 flow rate of 1000 sccm.
- a substrate (S) was prepared by forming a silicon dioxide film with a thickness of 20 nm on a 12-inch silicon wafer. Sn(CH 3 ) 4 was deposited on the surface of the substrate (S) prepared above using a CVD apparatus at 20° C. and a pressure maintained at about 1 Torr to form a metal-containing resist film (R-2) with a thickness of 2 nm.
- the resist was developed by the paddle method at 23 ° C. for 1 minute using a 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution, washed with water, and developed by the paddle method for 1 minute using ethanol / water (volume ratio 70 / 30) heated to 40 ° C., and then dried to form a resist pattern.
- the optimal exposure amount was defined as the exposure amount required to form a line and space pattern (1L1S) consisting of a line portion with a line width of 16 nm and a space portion with an interval of 16 nm formed by adjacent line portions, with a 1:1 line width, and this optimal exposure amount was defined as the sensitivity (mJ/cm 2 ).
- nano-edge roughness (nm) When the nano-edge roughness (nm) is 2.8 (nm) or less, it can be evaluated as "AA (very good)", when it is more than 2.8 (nm) and 3.4 (nm) or less, it can be evaluated as "A (good)", and when it is more than 3.4 (nm), it can be evaluated as "B (bad)".
- the unevenness shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is exaggerated from the actual state.
- the protective film-forming composition shown in Table 1 was spin-coated on the prepared metal-containing resist film, and PB was performed at 110° C. for 60 seconds to form a protective film with a thickness of 30 nm. For the comparative example, no protective film was formed.
- PB was performed at 110° C. for 60 seconds to form a protective film with a thickness of 30 nm.
- no protective film was formed.
- S203B KrF projection exposure apparatus
- the entire surface of the metal-containing resist film on which the protective film was laminated was exposed to light at an exposure dose of 15 mJ/cm 2 without using a mask pattern under optical conditions of NA: 0.68, sigma: 0.75, and conventional.
- the exposed metal-containing resist film was subjected to outgassing analysis using a thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometer (SWA-256, manufactured by GL Sciences).
- the outgas analysis was performed by desorbing organic substances from the metal-containing resist film surface at 25° C. for 60 minutes, collecting the desorbed outgas components in a collection column, heating the collection column at 200° C. to re-desorb the organic substances from the collection column, cooling the column with liquid nitrogen in a thermal desorption cold trap injector to cause volumetric shrinkage, and then rapidly heating the collected gas components to 230° C., which were then introduced into a gas chromatograph (JNS-GCMATE GCMS SYSTEM, manufactured by JEOL) all at once.
- the outgassing analysis is a relative value when the amount of outgassing analyzed for each of the metal-containing resist films in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which no protective film was formed was set at 100.
- the present invention provides a new method for forming a resist pattern that can improve nano-edge roughness, provide satisfactory sensitivity, and reduce outgassing. Therefore, the method for forming a resist pattern of the present invention can be suitably used for forming resist patterns in the lithography process of various electronic devices such as semiconductor devices and liquid crystal devices.
- Base plate 2 Resist pattern 2a: Side surface of resist pattern H: Resist height
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Abstract
Description
基板に直接又は間接に金属含有レジスト膜を形成する工程、
保護膜形成用組成物で上記金属含有レジスト膜上に保護膜を積層する工程、
上記保護膜が積層された金属含有レジスト膜を露光する工程、及び
上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の一部を除去してパターンを形成する工程
を有するレジストパターン形成方法に関する。
なお、金属含有レジスト膜形成工程の前に、基板に直接又は間接にレジスト下層膜を形成する工程(以下、「レジスト下層膜形成工程」ともいう。)を有していても良い。
本工程では、基板に直接又は間接に金属含有レジスト膜を形成する。
金属含有レジスト膜は、基板上に金属化合物を堆積させることにより形成することができる。
M(X)4 (I)
式(I)中、MはSn又はHfである。Xは、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、又は置換若しくは非置換のアルキル基、アルコキシ基若しくはアミド基である。
本工程では、後述の保護膜形成用組成物を用い、上記金属含有レジスト膜上に保護膜を積層する。この保護膜形成用組成物は、通常、金属含有レジスト膜の表面を被覆するように塗布される。上記金属含有レジスト膜の表面に上記保護膜を積層させることにより、露光時に発生するアウト・オブ・バンドの影響を低減することができ、得られるパターンにおけるナノエッジラフネスを改善することができる。また、上記保護膜はガラス転移温度の高い重合体で形成されているので、金属含有レジスト膜が発生する揮発成分の透過を抑えることができ、アウトガスを低減することができる。
本工程では、上記保護膜が積層された金属含有レジスト膜を露光する。本工程により、金属含有レジスト膜における露光部と未露光部との間で現像液への溶解性に差異が生じる。より詳細には、金属含有レジスト膜における露光部の現像液への溶解性が高まる。
本工程では、一実施態様としては、上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の露光部を現像液により溶解してポジ型のレジストパターンを形成する。金属含有レジスト膜中の有機スズ酸化物の二量化反応物を、上記現像液により溶解して、金属含有レジスト膜を現像する。具体的には、EUV露光による二量化反応により生じたSn2((SnO)3)2を上記現像液により溶解して、金属含有レジスト膜を現像し、レジストパターンを形成する。なお、保護膜は、公知のアルカリ現像液による現像又は有機溶媒による現像により除去することができる。
上記アルコール系液体としては、例えば
メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、iso-プロパノール、n-ブタノール、iso-ブタノール、sec-ブタノール、t-ブタノール、n-ペンタノール、iso-ペンタノール、sec-ペンタノール、t-ペンタノール、2-メチルペンタノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール等のモノアルコール系液体などが挙げられる。
上記エーテル系液体としては、例えば
エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等の多価アルコール部分エーテル系溶媒、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート等の多価アルコール部分エーテルアセテート系液体などが挙げられる。
現像液としては、水、アルコール系液体が好ましく、水、エタノール又はこれらの組み合わせがより好ましい。
本工程では、上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の露光部を上記現像液により溶解した後、洗浄及び/又は乾燥を行ってもよい。
M(X)4 (1)
(式(1)中、MはSn又はHfである。Xは、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子又はアルキル基である。)
本実施形態で有していても良い本工程では、まず基板に直接又は間接にレジスト下層膜形成用組成物を塗工する。レジスト下層膜形成用組成物の塗工方法としては特に限定されず、例えば回転塗工、流延塗工、ロール塗工などの適宜の方法で実施することができる。これにより塗工膜が形成され、レジスト下層膜形成用組成物中の溶媒の揮発などが起こることによりレジスト下層膜が形成される。なお、レジスト下層膜形成用組成物については後述する。
本実施形態に係る保護膜形成用組成物は、[A]重合体及び[B]有機溶媒を含有する。なお、当該保護膜形成用組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、[A]重合体及び[B]有機溶媒以外に任意成分を含有してもよい。
当該保護膜形成用組成物は、当該レジストパターン形成方法において、レジスト膜の表面被覆に用いられ、レジスト膜上に保護膜を形成するのに用いられる。
以下、各成分について説明する。
[A]重合体は、環状構造を含む構造単位(I)を有することが好ましい。構造単位(I)を有することで、露光の際に発生するアウト・オブ・バンドを吸収することができ、かつガラス転移温度が比較的高い。その結果、当該保護膜形成用組成物から形成される保護膜は、得られるレジストパターンのナノエッジラフネスを改善することができると共に、レジスト膜が発生するアウトガスを抑制することができる。なお、[A]重合体は、構造単位(I)以外のその他の構造単位を有していてもよい。
炭素数1~5のアルカンに由来する(n+1)価の基としては、例えば、メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン等のアルカンから(n+1)個の水素原子を除いた基等が挙げられる。
構造単位(I-1)における上記L1としては、[A]重合体のガラス転移温度がより高くなる観点から、単結合、メチレン基が好ましく、単結合がより好ましい。
構造単位(I-2)における上記L1としては、炭素数1~5のアルカン、炭素数3~15のシクロアルカン、炭素数6~20のアレーンに由来する(n+1)価の基が好ましく、メタン、エタン、シクロヘキサン又はベンゼンに由来する2価又は3価の基が特に好ましい。
構造単位(I)の含有割合の上限としては、100モル%が好ましく、80モル%がより好ましく、70モル%がさらに好ましい。構造単位(I)の含有割合を上記範囲とすることで、当該レジストパターン形成方法により得られるレジストパターンのナノエッジラフネスを向上させることができ、また、感度及びアウトガス抑制性も向上させることができる。
[A]重合体が構造単位(II)を有することで、当該保護膜形成用組成物は感度を向上させることができ、特に、EUV又は電子線に対する感度を向上させることができる。
アルカリ可溶性基を含む構造単位としては、例えば、下記式(ii-1)~(ii-6)で表される構造単位等が挙げられる。
上記式(ii-1)~(ii-3)中、aは、それぞれ独立して、1~3の整数である。RBは、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~5のアルキル基である。bは、それぞれ独立して、0~4の整数である。RBが複数の場合、複数のRBはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、1≦a+b≦5を満たす。
上記式(ii-4)中、L3及びL4は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、メチレン基、炭素数2~5のアルキレン基、炭素数3~15のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数6~20のアリーレン基、又はこれらの基と-O-及び-CO-からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とを組み合わせた2価の基である。R8は、水素原子、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基、炭素数1~5の1価の鎖状炭化水素基、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~5のアルコキシカルボニル基、又は上記基(a)である。cは、1~5の整数である。L4及びR8がそれぞれ複数の場合、複数のL4及びR8はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。但し、R8のうちの少なくとも1つは上記基(a)である。
上記式(ii-5)中、RXは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、アルキル基、1価の脂環式炭化水素基、アルコキシ基、アシル基、アラルキル基又はアリール基である。
上記アルキル基、脂環式炭化水素基、アルコキシ基、アシル基、アラルキル基及びアリール基が有する水素原子の一部又は全部は置換されていてもよい。RYは、-C(=O)-Ra、または-S(=O)2-Rbである。Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、フッ素化アルキル基、1価の脂環式炭化水素基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、シアノメチル基、アラルキル基又はアリール基である。但し、Ra又はRbとRXとが互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。dは、1~3の整数である。RX及びRYがそれぞれ複数の場合、複数のRX及びRYはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
L5は、(d+1)価の連結基である。
上記式(ii-6)中、RZは、2価の連結基である。RWは、炭素数1~20のフッ素化アルキル基である。)
上記式(c2-2-1)及び式(c2-2-2)中、RCは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基である。R10は、アルカリ解離性基である。R10は、炭素数1~20の炭化水素基又は炭素数1~20のフッ素化炭化水素基である。n1は、それぞれ独立して、0~4の整数である。Rfは、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~10のパーフルオロアルキル基である。Rfが複数の場合、複数のRfは同一でも異なっていてもよい。R21、R23及びR24は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~10の直鎖状若しくは分岐状の2価の鎖状炭化水素基又は炭素数4~20の2価の脂環式炭化水素基である。R22は、炭素数1~10の3価の直鎖状若しくは分岐状の炭化水素基又は炭素数4~20の3価の脂環式炭化水素基であり、R23又はR24側の末端に酸素原子、硫黄原子、カルボニル基又はイミノ基を有していてもよい。
[A]重合体は、例えば所定の各構造単位に対応する単量体を、ラジカル重合開始剤を使用し、適当な溶媒中で重合することにより製造できる。例えば、単量体及びラジカル開始剤を含有する溶液を、反応溶媒又は単量体を含有する溶液に滴下して重合反応させる方法、単量体を含有する溶液と、ラジカル開始剤を含有する溶液とを各別に、反応溶媒又は単量体を含有する溶液に滴下して重合反応させる方法、各々の単量体を含有する複数種の溶液と、ラジカル開始剤を含有する溶液とを各別に、反応溶媒又は単量体を含有する溶液に滴下して重合反応させる方法等の方法で合成することが好ましい。
n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、n-オクタン、n-ノナン、n-デカン等のアルカン類;シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン、シクロオクタン、デカリン、ノルボルナン等のシクロアルカン類;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、クメン等の芳香族炭化水素類;クロロブタン類、ブロモヘキサン類、ジクロロエタン類、ヘキサメチレンジブロミド、クロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類;酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸i-ブチル、プロピオン酸メチル等の飽和カルボン酸エステル類;アセトン、2-ブタノン(メチルエチルケトン)、4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、2-ヘプタノン等のケトン類;テトラヒドロフラン、ジメトキシエタン類、ジエトキシエタン類等のエーテル類;メタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール、2-プロパノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール等のアルコール類等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、単独で使用してもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
[B]有機溶媒としては、[A]重合体及び任意成分を溶解できるものであり、かつレジスト膜成分を溶出させ難いものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばアルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、ケトン系有機溶媒、アミド系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、炭化水素系溶媒等が挙げられる。
メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、iso-プロパノール、n-ブタノール、iso-ブタノール、sec-ブタノール、tert-ブタノール、n-ペンタノール、iso-ペンタノール、2-メチルブタノール、sec-ペンタノール、tert-ペンタノール、3-メトキシブタノール、n-ヘキサノール、2-メチルペンタノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール、sec-ヘキサノール、2-エチルブタノール、sec-ヘプタノール、3-ヘプタノール、n-オクタノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、sec-オクタノール、n-ノニルアルコール、2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノール、n-デカノール、sec-ウンデシルアルコール、トリメチルノニルアルコール、sec-テトラデシルアルコール、sec-ヘプタデシルアルコール、フルフリルアルコール、フェノール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノール、3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサノール、ベンジルアルコール、ジアセトンアルコール等のモノアルコール系溶媒;エチレングリコール、1,2-プロピレングリコール、1,3-ブチレングリコール、2,4-ペンタンジオール、2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオール、2,5-ヘキサンジオール、2,4-ヘプタンジオール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール等の多価アルコール系溶媒;
エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ-2-エチルブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル等の多価アルコール部分エーテル系溶媒等が挙げられる。これらのうち、4-メチル-2-ペンタノールが好ましい。
n-ペンタン、iso-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、iso-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、iso-ヘプタン、2,2,4-トリメチルペンタン、n-オクタン、iso-オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒;
ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、エチルベンゼン、トリメチルベンゼン、メチルエチルベンゼン、n-プロピルベンゼン、iso-プロピルベンゼン、ジエチルベンゼン、iso-ブチルベンゼン、トリエチルベンゼン、ジ-iso-プロピルベンセン、n-アミルナフタレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶媒等が挙げられる。
また、[B]有機溶媒がエーテル系溶媒を含み、このエーテル系溶媒の含有率が10質量%以上であることが好ましく、20質量%以上であることがより好ましく、50質量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
なお、これらの有機溶媒は、単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
当該保護膜形成用組成物は、[A]重合体及び[B]有機溶媒以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、任意成分を含有してもよい。任意成分としては、酸拡散制御剤、酸発生剤等が挙げられる。酸拡散制御剤や酸発生剤としては公知の化合物を用いることができる。
当該保護膜形成用組成物は、例えば[B]有機溶媒中で、[A]重合体及び任意成分を所定の割合で混合することにより調製される。また、当該保護膜形成用組成物は、適当な[B]有機溶媒に溶解又は分散させた状態に調製され使用され得る。得られた混合液は、必要に応じて、孔径0.4μm以下のメンブランフィルター等でろ過してもよい。
重合体のMw及びMnは、上述した手順により測定した。
重合体の構造単位の含有割合を求めるための13C-NMR分析は、核磁気共鳴装置(JNM-ECX400、日本電子製)を使用し、測定溶媒としてCDCl3を用い、テトラメチルシラン(TMS)を内部標準として行った。
[A]重合体の合成に用いた単量体を下記に示す。
上記化合物(M-2)64g(50モル%)、化合物(M-3)36g(50モル%)及びAIBN7.7gを、メチルエチルケトン200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を78℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、メチルエチルケトンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのメチルエチルケトンに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体を300gのヘキサンで2回洗浄し、得られた白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-1)を得た。重合体(A-1)は、Mwが6,000、Mw/Mnが1.8であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、化合物(M-2)及び化合物(M-3)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ50モル%及び50モル%であった。
上記化合物(M-2)62g(50モル%)、化合物(M-4)38g(50モル%)及びAIBN7.5gを、メチルエチルケトン200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を78℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、メチルエチルケトンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのメチルエチルケトンに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体を300gのヘキサンで2回洗浄し、得られた白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-2)を得た。重合体(A-2)は、Mwが6,500、Mw/Mnが1.9であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、化合物(M-2)及び化合物(M-4)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ50モル%及び50モル%であった。
上記化合物(M-1)34g(50モル%)、化合物(M-5)66g(50モル%)、AIBN6.8g、及びt-ドデシルメルカプタン2.6gを、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を70℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体に、再度プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル150gを加えた後、更に、メタノール150g、トリエチルアミン30g、及び水6gを加えて、沸点にて還流させながら、8時間加水分解反応を行った。赤外分光法により、脱アセチル化が定量的に進行しp-ヒドロキシスチレンに由来する構造単位が生成していることを確認した後、溶媒及びトリエチルアミンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体をアセトン150gに溶解した後、2,000gの水中に滴下して凝固させ、生成した白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-3)を得た。重合体(A-3)は、Mwが10,000、Mw/Mnが2.1であった。また13C-NMR分析の結果、p-ヒドロキシスチレンに由来する構造単位及び化合物(M-5)に由来する構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ50モル%及び50モル%であった。
上記化合物(M-2)48g(50モル%)、化合物(M-6)52g(50モル%)及びAIBN9.8gを、メチルエチルケトン200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を78℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、メチルエチルケトンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのメチルエチルケトンに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体を300gのヘキサンで2回洗浄し、得られた白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-4)を得た。重合体(A-4)は、Mwが9,000、Mw/Mnが2.2であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、化合物(M-2)及び化合物(M-6)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ50モル%及び50モル%であった。
上記化合物(M-1)46g(50モル%)、化合物(M-7)54g(50モル%)、AIBN9.4g、及びt-ドデシルメルカプタン3.5gを、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を70℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体に、再度プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル150gを加えた後、更に、メタノール150g、トリエチルアミン36g、及び水6gを加えて、沸点にて還流させながら、8時間加水分解反応を行った。赤外分光法により、脱アセチル化が定量的に進行しp-ヒドロキシスチレンに由来する構造単位が生成していることを確認した後、溶媒及びトリエチルアミンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体をアセトン150gに溶解した後、2,000gの水中に滴下して凝固させ、生成した白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-5)を得た。重合体(A-5)は、Mwが10,000、Mw/Mnが2.0であった。また13C-NMR分析の結果、p-ヒドロキシスチレンに由来する構造単位及び化合物(M-7)に由来する構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ50モル%及び50モル%であった。
上記化合物(M-2)48g(30モル%)、化合物(M-5)52g(50モル%)、化合物(M-8)52g(20モル%)及びAIBN9.8gを、メチルエチルケトン200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を78℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、メチルエチルケトンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのメチルエチルケトンに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体を300gのヘキサンで2回洗浄し、得られた白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-6)を得た。重合体(A-6)は、Mwが10,000、Mw/Mnが2.1であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、化合物(M-2)、化合物(M-5)、及び化合物(M-8)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ30モル%、50モル%及び20モル%であった。
上記化合物(M-2)48g(40モル%)、化合物(M-6)52g(50モル%)、化合物(M-9)52g(10モル%)及びAIBN8.8gを、メチルエチルケトン200gに溶解した後、窒素雰囲気下、反応温度を78℃に保持して、6時間重合させた。重合後、メチルエチルケトンを減圧留去し、得られた重合体を100gのメチルエチルケトンに溶解した後、2,000gのn-ヘキサン中に滴下して、重合体を凝固精製した。次いで、この重合体を300gのヘキサンで2回洗浄し、得られた白色粉末をろ過して、減圧下50℃で一晩乾燥し、重合体(A-7)を得た。重合体(A-7)は、Mwが7,000、Mw/Mnが2.0であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、化合物(M-2)、化合物(M-6)、及び化合物(M-9)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ40モル%、50モル%及び10モル%であった。
保護膜形成用組成物の調製に用いた[B]有機溶媒について以下に示す。
B-1:4-メチル-2-ペンタノール
B-2:ジイソアミルエーテル
合成例1で合成した重合体(A-1)100質量部、及び有機溶媒(B-2)10,000質量部を混合し、得られた混合液を孔径0.20μmのメンブランフィルターを用いてろ過することにより、保護膜形成用組成物(T-1)を調製した。
表1に示す種類及び配合量の各成分を使用した以外は調製例1と同様に操作して保護膜形成用組成物(T-2)~(T-7)を調製した。
12インチシリコンウェハの表面に、CVD装置により、350℃で、200ccmの三塩化メチルスズ流量、1000sccmのCO2流量で、膜厚が5nmの金属含有レジスト膜(R-1)を形成した。
<金属含有レジスト膜の形成2>
12インチシリコンウェハ上に、膜厚20nmの二酸化ケイ素膜を形成した基板(S)を準備した。上記準備した基板(S)の表面に、CVD装置により、20℃で約1Torrに維持された圧力で、Sn(CH3)4を堆積させて、膜厚が2nmの金属含有レジスト膜(R-2)を形成した。
<レジストパターンの形成>
上記準備した金属含有レジスト膜に、表1に示す保護膜形成用組成物をスピンコートし、110℃で60秒間PBを行い、膜厚30nmの保護膜を形成した。比較例については、保護膜を形成しなかった。続いて、EUVスキャナー(ASML社の「TWINSCAN NXE:3300B」(NA0.3、シグマ0.9、クアドルポール照明、ウェハ上寸法が線幅16nmの1対1ラインアンドスペースのマスク)を用いて、極端紫外線を照射した。その後、100℃で60秒間PEBを行った後、2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液を用いて23℃で1分間パドル法により現像し、水洗後、40℃に加熱したエタノール/水(体積比70/30)を用いて1分間パドル法により現像した後、乾燥することにより、レジストパターンを形成した。
上記形成したレジストパターンについて、下記に示す評価を行った。
線幅16nmのライン部と、隣り合うライン部によって形成される間隔が16nmのスペース部とからなるライン・アンド・スペースパターン(1L1S)を1対1の線幅に形成する露光量を最適露光量とし、この最適露光量を感度(mJ/cm2)とした。
上記ライン・アンド・スペースパターン(1L1S)のラインパターンを、半導体用走査電子顕微鏡(高分解能FEB測長装置S-9220、日立製作所製)を用いて観察した。上記パターンの任意の50点を観察し、観察された形状について、図1及び図2に示すように、シリコンウエハ1上に形成したレジスト膜(レジスト高さH:5nm又は2nm)のライン部2の横側面2aに沿って生じた凹凸の最も著しい箇所における線幅と、設計線幅16nmとの差「ΔCD」を、CD-SEM(S-9220、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)にて測定し、ナノエッジラフネス(nm)とした。ナノエッジラフネス(nm)は、2.8(nm)以下である場合は「AA(極めて良好)」と、2.8(nm)を超え3.4(nm)以下である場合は「A(良好)」と、3.4(nm)を超える場合は「B(不良)」と評価できる。なお、図1及び図2で示す凹凸は、実際より誇張して記載している。
上記準備した金属含有レジスト膜に、表1に示す保護膜形成用組成物をスピンコートし、110℃で60秒間PBを行い、膜厚30nmの保護膜を形成した。比較例については、保護膜を形成しなかった。次に、KrF投影露光装置(S203B、ニコン製)を用い、NA:0.68、シグマ:0.75、Conventionalの光学条件にて、マスクパターンを介さずに露光量15mJ/cm2で上記保護膜が積層された金属含有レジスト膜に対し全面露光を行った。この露光した金属含有レジスト膜を、加熱脱離型ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析計(SWA-256、ジーエルサイエンス製)を用いてアウトガス分析を行った。
アウトガス分析は、25℃で60分間、金属含有レジスト膜表面から有機物を脱離させ、脱離したアウトガス成分は一旦、捕集カラムに集めた後、捕集カラムを200℃で加熱して、捕集カラムから有機物を再脱離させ、サーマルデソープションコールドトラップインジェクターで、液体窒素を用いて冷却して体積収縮させ、その後、230℃に急速加熱することで捕集したガス成分を一気にガスクロマトグラフィー(JNS-GCMATE GCMS SYSTEM、JEOL製)に導入して行った。
アウトガス分析は、保護膜を形成しなかった比較例1及び2におけるそれぞれの金属含有レジスト膜について分析を行ったアウトガス量を100とした時の相対値である。
2 レジストパターン
2a レジストパターンの横側面
H レジスト高さ
Claims (18)
- 基板に直接又は間接に金属含有レジスト膜を形成する工程、
保護膜形成用組成物で上記金属含有レジスト膜上に保護膜を積層する工程、
上記保護膜が積層された金属含有レジスト膜を露光する工程、及び
上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の一部を除去してパターンを形成する工程
を有するレジストパターン形成方法。 - 上記露光が、極端紫外線による露光である、請求項1に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記パターン形成工程が、上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の露光部を現像液により溶解してパターンを形成する工程である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属含有レジスト膜を形成する工程が、金属化合物を堆積させることにより当該レジスト膜を形成する工程である、請求項4に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記堆積が、CVDまたはALDによる、請求項5に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属含有レジスト膜が、有機スズ酸化物を含有する、請求項4に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属化合物が、ハロアルキルSn、アルコキシアルキルSn、および、アミドアルキルSnからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項5に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属化合物が、塩化トリメチルスズ、二塩化ジメチルスズ、三塩化メチルスズ、トリス(ジメチルアミノ)メチルスズ(IV)、および(ジメチルアミノ)トリメチルスズ(IV)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項5に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記現像液がアルコールを含有する、請求項4に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記現像液を40℃以上に加熱する、請求項4に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記パターン形成工程が、上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の未露光部を加熱により除去してパターンを形成する工程である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属含有レジスト膜に含まれる金属原子が、周期表第3族~第16族に属する、請求項12に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属含有レジスト膜に含まれる金属原子が、Sn、Hfからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項12に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属含有レジスト膜を形成する工程が、金属化合物を堆積させることにより当該レジスト膜を形成する工程である、請求項12に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記金属化合物が、下記式(1)で表される、請求項15に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
M(X)4 (1)
(式(1)中、MはSn又はHfである。Xは、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子又はアルキル基である。) - 上記金属化合物が、Sn(CH3)4、Sn(Br)4及びHfCl4からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項15に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 上記露光された金属含有レジスト膜の未露光部を揮発させてレジストパターンを形成する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
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| JP2014220484A (ja) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-11-20 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | 微細パターン形成用積層体、モールドの製造方法、並びにモールド |
| JP2015102838A (ja) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ネガ型レジスト材料並びにこれを用いたパターン形成方法 |
| JP2015201622A (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-11-12 | ラム リサーチ コーポレーションLam Research Corporation | 真空統合ハードマスク処理および装置 |
| WO2016035497A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | パターン形成方法、電子デバイスの製造方法及び電子デバイス |
| WO2018123388A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | Jsr株式会社 | 感放射線性組成物、パターン形成方法並びに金属含有樹脂及びその製造方法 |
| WO2018179704A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | Jsr株式会社 | パターン形成方法 |
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| US6136501A (en) | 1998-08-28 | 2000-10-24 | Shipley Company, L.L.C. | Polymers and photoresist compositions comprising same |
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5017630A (ja) * | 1973-06-14 | 1975-02-25 | ||
| WO2006129565A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-30 | 2006-12-07 | Pioneer Corporation | レジスト材料および電子線記録用レジスト材料 |
| JP2014220484A (ja) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-11-20 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | 微細パターン形成用積層体、モールドの製造方法、並びにモールド |
| JP2015102838A (ja) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ネガ型レジスト材料並びにこれを用いたパターン形成方法 |
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| WO2018123388A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | Jsr株式会社 | 感放射線性組成物、パターン形成方法並びに金属含有樹脂及びその製造方法 |
| WO2018179704A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | Jsr株式会社 | パターン形成方法 |
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