WO2024070208A1 - 素子評価装置 - Google Patents
素子評価装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024070208A1 WO2024070208A1 PCT/JP2023/028270 JP2023028270W WO2024070208A1 WO 2024070208 A1 WO2024070208 A1 WO 2024070208A1 JP 2023028270 W JP2023028270 W JP 2023028270W WO 2024070208 A1 WO2024070208 A1 WO 2024070208A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
- H03K17/102—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage in field-effect transistor switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an element evaluation device.
- a sudden change in voltage applied to a semiconductor element can prevent the semiconductor element from operating normally or can lead to the semiconductor element's deterioration.
- the amount of change in the drain-source voltage of a MOSFET over time is generally referred to as dV/dt, and a high dV/dt can prevent the MOSFET from operating normally or can lead to the MOSFET's deterioration.
- the tolerance to dV/dt can be evaluated using a double pulse test, etc.
- the present disclosure aims to provide an element evaluation device that contributes to an accurate evaluation of an element's tolerance to voltage changes.
- the element evaluation device includes a target element connected between a first node and a second node, a drive switching element connected between the second node and a third node, an inductor connected between a fourth node to which a power supply voltage is applied and the second node, a switching circuit configured to switch the drive switching element, a voltage generation circuit connected between the first node and the fourth node, and a capacitor connected between the first node and the third node, and the voltage generation circuit places the first node at a high potential and generates a voltage between the first node and the fourth node when a return current flows in a current loop that returns from the fourth node to the fourth node via the second node, the first node, and the voltage generation circuit after the drive switching element switches from an on state to an off state.
- This disclosure makes it possible to provide an element evaluation device that contributes to an accurate evaluation of an element's tolerance to voltage changes.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a reference evaluation device.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the element evaluation device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the waveform of a gate signal and state transitions of a transistor receiving the gate signal according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the element evaluation device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the element evaluation device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the element evaluation device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic external view of a semiconductor component according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of a transistor and its peripheral circuit including an equivalent circuit of a semiconductor component according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of an element evaluation device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a modified circuit diagram based on the element evaluation device of FIG. 2 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a modified circuit diagram based on the element evaluation device of FIG. 2 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Ground refers to a reference conductive part having a reference potential of 0V (zero volts), or refers to the potential of 0V itself.
- the reference conductive part may be formed using a conductor such as a metal.
- a potential of 0V is sometimes called ground potential.
- a voltage shown without a specific reference represents a potential as seen from ground.
- Level refers to the level of potential, and for any signal or voltage of interest, a high level has a higher potential than a low level.
- the on state refers to a state in which the drain and source of the transistor are conductive
- the off state refers to a state in which the drain and source of the transistor are non-conductive (cut-off state).
- MOSFET field effect transistor
- MOSFET is understood to be an enhancement-type MOSFET.
- MOSFET is an abbreviation for "metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.”
- the backgate can be considered to be shorted to the source.
- the gate-source voltage refers to the potential of the gate as viewed from the potential of the source.
- the on and off states of any transistor may simply be expressed as on and off.
- switching from the off state to the on state is expressed as turning on, and switching from the on state to the off state is expressed as turning off.
- the period during which the transistor is in the on state may be referred to as the on period, and the period during which the transistor is in the off state may be referred to as the off period.
- connections between multiple parts that form a circuit can be understood to refer to electrical connections.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the reference evaluation device 900.
- the reference evaluation device 900 includes transistors 910 and 920, which are N-channel MOSFETs.
- a positive power supply voltage is applied to the drain of the transistor 910 from a voltage source VS'.
- An inductor L901 is inserted between a connection node between the source of the transistor 910 and the drain of the transistor 920 and the positive output terminal of the voltage source VS'.
- the source of the transistor 920 is connected to ground.
- a predetermined potential is applied to the gate of the transistor 910 to fix the transistor 910 in an off state.
- a switching circuit 930 supplies a gate signal for switching the transistor 920 to the gate of the transistor 920.
- transistor 920 During the on-period of transistor 920, a current flows from voltage source VS' through inductor L901 and the channel of transistor 920, storing energy in inductor L901. When transistor 920 is then turned off, a reflux current based on the stored energy in inductor L901 flows in a current loop via inductor L901 and the parasitic diode of transistor 910.
- transistor 920 During the switching process of transistor 920, a change occurs in the drain-source voltage of transistor 910. A sudden change in the drain-source voltage of transistor 910 can have an undesirable effect on transistor 910.
- the transistor 920 In the reference evaluation device 900, the transistor 920 is repeatedly turned on and off, making it possible to evaluate the tolerance of transistor 910 to changes in the drain-source voltage (dV/dt).
- the reference evaluation device 900 is a type of double-pulse test circuit. With a typical double-pulse test circuit, it is difficult to obtain a sufficiently high dV/dt. It is also difficult to increase the switching frequency, with the limit being around 2 kHz (kilohertz).
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the element evaluation device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the element evaluation device 1 includes a voltage source VS, a transistor 10 (target transistor) which is a high-side transistor, a transistor 20 (drive switching element) which is a low-side transistor, a switching circuit 30, a voltage generating circuit 40, the voltage source VS, an inductor L1, capacitors C1 and C2, and a resistor R2.
- Transistors 10 and 20 are N-channel MOSFETs. Transistor 10 is connected between nodes ND1 and ND2, and transistor 20 is connected between nodes ND2 and ND3. More specifically, the drain of transistor 10 is connected to node ND1, the source of transistor 10 and the drain of transistor 20 are commonly connected to node ND2, and the source of transistor 20 is connected to node ND3. Node ND3 is connected to ground and therefore has ground potential.
- diode 10D represents a parasitic diode added to transistor 10. Parasitic diode 10D has an anode connected to the source of transistor 10 and a cathode connected to the drain of transistor 10.
- transistor 10 is a semiconductor element for which the dV/dt tolerance is being evaluated, and is an example of a target element.
- dV/dt refers to the amount of change in voltage between nodes ND1 and ND2 per unit time.
- the target element is transistor 10
- the voltage between nodes ND1 and ND2 is the drain-source voltage of transistor 10.
- the dV/dt tolerance of the target element may be referred to as dV/dt tolerance. Note that tolerance may also be interpreted as tolerance.
- the gate of transistor 10 is connected to a fixed potential terminal having a predetermined fixed potential (e.g., -5V) via gate resistor R2.
- a predetermined fixed potential e.g., -5V
- the gate potential of transistor 10 is fixed at this fixed potential, so that transistor 10 is fixed in the off state.
- gate resistor R2 can be omitted, and the gate of transistor 10 may be directly connected to the above-mentioned fixed potential terminal.
- the switching circuit 30 has a pulse generator PG and a gate resistor R1.
- the switching circuit 30 drives the gate of the transistor 20 to switch the transistor 20, i.e., to switch the state of the transistor 20 between an on state and an off state. In the process of switching the transistor 20, a dV/dt exceeding 0V can be generated.
- the pulse generator PG has a signal output terminal and a reference potential terminal connected to the node ND3 (hence the ground), and outputs a high-level or low-level signal from the signal output terminal.
- the signal output from the signal output terminal of the pulse generator PG is referred to as a gate signal V G.
- the gate signal V G is supplied to the gate of the transistor 20.
- a high-level gate signal V G has a potential higher than the gate threshold voltage of the transistor 20.
- a low-level gate signal V G has a potential lower than the gate threshold voltage of the transistor 20, which is 0 V in this example.
- the pulse generator PG alternately and periodically changes the level of the gate signal V G between a high level and a low level.
- Figure 3 shows the waveform of the gate signal V G and the state transition of the transistor 20.
- the frequency of the gate signal V G is called the switching frequency.
- the frequency of the gate signal V G is also the switching frequency of the transistor 20.
- the length of the period during which the gate signal V G has a high level is time t H.
- the signal output terminal of the pulse generator PG is connected to the gate of the transistor 20 via the gate resistor R1.
- the gate resistor R1 may be a variable resistor. By changing the resistance value of the gate resistor R1, the dV/dt of the transistor 10 can be changed.
- the voltage source VS has a positive output terminal connected to node ND4 and a negative output terminal connected to node ND3 (and therefore ground).
- the voltage source VS outputs a positive power supply voltage VDD from the positive output terminal based on the potential of the negative output terminal. Therefore, the power supply voltage VDD is applied to node ND4.
- the voltage source VS may be a variable voltage source in which the power supply voltage VDD is variable. In order to obtain a high dV/dt, it is preferable that the power supply voltage VDD is set to 600V or higher.
- Inductor L1 is connected between nodes ND2 and ND4. More specifically, a first end of inductor L1 is connected to node ND2, and a second end of inductor L1 is connected to node ND4.
- Capacitor C1 is connected between nodes ND1 and ND3. More specifically, a first end of capacitor C1 is connected to node ND1, and a second end of capacitor C1 is connected to node ND3.
- Capacitor C2 is connected between nodes ND4 and ND3. More specifically, a first end of capacitor C2 is connected to node ND4, and a second end of capacitor C2 is connected to node ND3.
- the voltage generation circuit 40 is connected between nodes ND1 and ND4.
- the voltage generation circuit 40 is composed of one or more rectifier diodes 41.
- Each rectifier diode 41 in the voltage generation circuit 40 has a forward direction from node ND1 to node ND4.
- the multiple rectifier diodes 41 are connected in series with each other between nodes ND1 and ND4.
- the voltage generation circuit 40 is composed of first to third rectifier diodes 41
- the anode of the first rectifier diode 41 is connected to node ND1
- the cathode of the first rectifier diode 41 is connected to the anode of the second rectifier diode 41
- the cathode of the second rectifier diode 41 is connected to the anode of the third rectifier diode 41
- the cathode of the third rectifier diode 41 is connected to node ND4.
- the voltage generating circuit 40 is composed of a single rectifier diode 41
- the anode of the single rectifier diode 41 is connected to node ND1
- the cathode of the single rectifier diode 41 is connected to node ND4.
- the operation of the element evaluation device 1 will be explained. Let us start from the time when the transistor 20 is off. When the transistor 20 is off, as shown in FIG. 4, a current flows in a current loop LP1 that goes from the node ND4 through the inductor L1, the parasitic diode 10D, and the capacitor C1 to the node ND3, and returns to the node ND4 through the voltage source VS or the capacitor C2.
- the current in the current loop LP1 charges the capacitor C1.
- the current in the current loop LP1 becomes zero (here, the forward voltage of the parasitic diode 10D is ignored as it is sufficiently smaller than the power supply voltage VDD).
- the transistor 20 turns on in response to a high-level gate signal V G from the switching circuit 30.
- V G a high-level gate signal
- the transistor 20 turns on, the potential of the node ND2 drops to substantially 0 V, and as shown in Fig. 5, a current flows in a current loop LP2 that passes from the node ND4 through the inductor L1 and the channel of the transistor 20 to the node ND3, and returns to the node ND4 through the voltage source VS or the capacitor C2.
- Energy is stored in the inductor L1 by the current in the current loop LP2.
- the current in the current loop LP2 increases as the on-time of the transistor 20 increases, and the stored energy in the inductor L1 increases as the current in the current loop LP2 increases.
- the inductor current IL the current that flows through the inductor L1 from the node ND4 toward the node ND2 is referred to as the inductor current IL.
- the capacitance between the nodes ND1 and ND2 is charged based on the voltage across the capacitor C1, and a high dV/dt occurs during the charging process.
- the capacitance between the nodes ND1 and ND2 is the drain-source capacitance C DS (not shown) of the transistor 10.
- the output capacitance C OSS of the transistor 10 is charged, and a high dV/dt occurs during the charging process of the output capacitance C OSS of the transistor 10.
- the output capacitance C OSS of the transistor 10 is the sum of the drain-source capacitance C DS of the transistor 10 and the gate-drain capacitance C GD (not shown) of the transistor 10.
- the capacitances C DS and C GD are parasitic capacitances added to the transistor 10 and are not shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, etc.
- the capacitance value of the capacitor C1 is sufficiently larger than the capacitance value of the output capacitance C OSS .
- transistor 20 turns on, the stored charge on capacitor C1 causes the voltage across capacitance C DS to rise substantially to the power supply voltage VDD.
- the gate signal VG from the switching circuit 30 switches from high to low, turning off the transistor 20.
- a freewheeling operation occurs.
- an inductor current IL flows in a current loop LP3 that returns to the node ND4 from the node ND4 via the inductor L1, the node ND2, the parasitic diode 10D, the node ND1, and the voltage generating circuit 40, based on the stored energy in the inductor L1.
- a high dV/dt also occurs when the transistor 20 turns off.
- the inductor current IL in the current loop LP3 is called a freewheeling current.
- the inductor current IL (freewheeling current) flows in the current loop LP3, causing the stored energy in the inductor L1 to decrease.
- the inductor current IL in the current loop LP3 becomes zero, and the state returns to that shown in FIG. 4.
- the voltage generating circuit 40 generates a voltage drop V40 between the node ND4 on the low potential side and the node ND1 on the high potential side.
- the voltage drop V40 corresponds to the product of the total number of rectifier diodes 41 and the forward voltage of each rectifier diode 41.
- the power supply voltage VDD is 800 V
- the inductance value of the inductor L1 is 50 ⁇ H (microhenry)
- the capacitance value of the capacitor C1 is 0.47 ⁇ F (microfarad)
- the capacitance value of the capacitor C2 is 10 ⁇ F.
- the voltage drop V40 during the freewheeling operation is, for example, 30 V. The present disclosure is not limited to these numerical values.
- a SiC-MOSFET is used as the transistor 20.
- a SiC-MOSFET is a MOSFET formed using silicon carbide (SiC).
- the transistor 20 may be any type of switching element (drive switching element), but in order to obtain a high dV/dt, it is preferable to use a MOSFET having a turn-on delay time of 5 ns (nanoseconds) or less as the transistor 20. Furthermore, it is preferable to drive the transistor 20 as a driver source in the switching circuit 30 (the significance of driver source drive will be described later).
- the turn-on delay time of the transistor 20 is the delay time from when a voltage higher than the gate threshold voltage of the transistor 20 is applied to the gate-source voltage of the transistor 20 until the state of the transistor 20 switches from the off state to the on state, and is the time specified in the electrical characteristic specifications of the transistor 20.
- the reference evaluation device 900 in both the reference evaluation device 900 and the element evaluation device 1, in order to evaluate the dV/dt tolerance (life curve, etc.) of the target element in a short time, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency.
- the evaluation of the dV/dt tolerance of the target element (910) by the reference evaluation device 900 in order to generate the required dV/dt in each switching cycle, after the transistor 920 is turned off, it is necessary to wait until the current of the inductor L901 decays to zero before the next turn-on of the transistor 920 (the state of the reference evaluation device 900 needs to be reset).
- the element evaluation device 1 in order to generate the required dV/dt in each switching cycle, after the transistor 20 is turned off, it is necessary to wait until the inductor current IL decays to zero before the next turn-on of the transistor 20 (the state of the element evaluation device 1 needs to be reset).
- a voltage generation circuit 40 is added compared to the reference evaluation device 900.
- the voltage generation circuit 40 generates a voltage drop V 40 in the freewheeling operation (see FIG. 6).
- the generation of the voltage drop V 40 increases the consumption rate of the stored energy in the inductor L1, and the time until the inductor current IL decays to zero after the transistor 20 is turned off is shortened. In other words, the time required for the above standby is shorter in the element evaluation device 1 than in the reference evaluation device 900.
- by generating a voltage drop V 40 of about 30 V in the freewheeling operation it is possible to increase the switching frequency to about 30 kHz.
- the element evaluation device 1 is provided with a capacitor C1 as the above circuit element.
- the number of rectifier diodes 41 connected in series in the voltage generating circuit 40 is arbitrary. If diodes having a sufficiently large forward voltage are used as the rectifier diodes 41, the total number of rectifier diodes 41 can be one.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic external view of a semiconductor component 120 including the transistor 20.
- the semiconductor component 120 includes a semiconductor chip 121 on which a MOSFET is formed, a package 122 which is a housing for accommodating the semiconductor chip 121 and is made of resin, and four metal terminals T D , T PS , T DS and T G exposed from the package 122.
- the metal terminals T D , T PS , T DS and T G are a drain terminal, a power source terminal, a driver source terminal and a gate terminal, respectively.
- the power source terminal may be composed of a plurality of metal terminals.
- the MOSFET formed on the semiconductor chip 121 is an N-channel MOSFET and corresponds to the transistor 20.
- Figure 8 is a diagram of the transistor 20 and the peripheral circuitry of the transistor 20, including an equivalent circuit of the semiconductor component 120.
- N-type semiconductor regions separated from each other are formed in the semiconductor chip 121, one N-type semiconductor region is the source region and the other N-type semiconductor region is the drain region.
- a source electrode is formed on the source region, and a drain electrode is formed on the drain region.
- the source of the transistor 20 is formed by the source region and source electrode in the semiconductor chip 121, and the drain of the transistor 20 is formed by the drain region and drain electrode in the semiconductor chip 121.
- a P-type semiconductor region is provided between the source region and drain region, and a gate electrode is formed on the P-type semiconductor region via a gate oxide film.
- the gate of the transistor 20 is formed by the gate electrode in the semiconductor chip 121.
- the gate electrode of the MOSFET in the semiconductor chip 121 is connected to a gate terminal T G inside the package 122.
- the gate terminal T G is connected to a signal output terminal of the pulse generator PG via a gate resistor R1 outside the semiconductor component 120.
- a resistor R G_INT represents a resistance component that exists inside the package 122 and is also a resistance component between the gate electrode of the transistor 20 and the gate terminal T G.
- a drain electrode of the MOSFET in the semiconductor chip 121 is connected to a drain terminal T D inside the package 122.
- the drain terminal T D is connected to a node ND2 outside the semiconductor component 120.
- the drain electrode of the MOSFET in the semiconductor chip 121 is connected to the node ND2 via the drain terminal T D.
- the source electrode of the semiconductor chip 121 is connected to a power source terminal T PS in the package 122.
- the power source terminal T PS includes a relatively large inductance component.
- the inductance component included in the power source terminal T PS is referred to as a package inductance component L S.
- the source electrode of the semiconductor chip 121 is connected to a node ND3 via the power source terminal T PS including the package inductance component L S.
- the current in the current loop LP2 (FIG. 5) flows through the drain terminal TD and the power source terminal T PS .
- the switching speed of the transistor 20 will decrease due to the influence of the above-mentioned electromotive force.
- the source electrode of the semiconductor chip 121 is connected to the driver source terminal TDS without passing through the power source terminal TPS .
- the driver source driving means that the reference potential terminal of the pulse generator PG is connected to the driver source terminal TDS and a gate signal VG is supplied between the gate terminal TG and the driver source terminal TDS , as shown in Fig. 8, to switch the transistor 20.
- the package inductance components of the gate terminal TG and the drain terminal TD are not shown in Fig. 8. It can be understood that the driver source terminal TDS also contains an inductance component, but the inductance component contained in the driver source terminal TDS is sufficiently smaller than the package inductance component LS .
- the on-time t ON of the transistor 20 needs to be a certain length.
- the time t ON 500 ns (nanoseconds) or less, for example.
- the switching circuit 30 may switch the transistor 20 at a switching frequency of 10 kHz or more. That is, the frequency of the gate signal V may be 10 kHz or more. This allows the dV/dt resistance of the target element (10) to be evaluated in a short time.
- a high-side switching circuit (not shown) connected to the gate and source of the transistor 10 may be provided in the element evaluation device 1, and the high-side switching circuit may switch the transistor 10 by supplying a signal between the gate and source of the transistor 10.
- the high-side switching circuit performs synchronous rectification in cooperation with the switching circuit 30 so that the transistor 10 is off when the transistor 20 is on, and the transistor 10 is on when the transistor 20 is off.
- the decay rate of the inductor current IL due to the current loop LP3 decreases by the amount of the voltage drop of the parasitic diode 10D. Therefore, it is often preferable not to perform the above-mentioned synchronous rectification.
- FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram of an element evaluation device 1A according to the second embodiment.
- the element evaluation device 1A can be obtained by replacing the voltage generation circuit 40 with a voltage generation circuit 50 based on the element evaluation device 1 in FIG. 2. Apart from this replacement, the element evaluation device 1A in FIG. 9 has the same configuration as the element evaluation device 1 in FIG. 2.
- the voltage generating circuit 50 is a DC voltage source inserted between the nodes ND4 and ND1.
- the negative output terminal and the positive output terminal of the DC voltage source serving as the voltage generating circuit 50 are connected to the nodes ND4 and ND1, respectively.
- the voltage generating circuit 50 outputs a predetermined positive voltage V50 (e.g., 30V) to the node ND1 with respect to the potential of the node ND4. Therefore, like the voltage generating circuit 40 according to the first embodiment, the voltage generating circuit 50 generates a voltage V50 in which the node ND4 is on the low potential side and the node ND1 is on the high potential side during the reflux operation (see FIG. 6). Therefore, the second embodiment can achieve the same functions and effects as the first embodiment.
- the DC voltage source for the voltage generation circuit 50 may be any commercially available DC voltage source, but it is necessary to prepare a source that has a withstand voltage as seen from ground that is equal to or greater than the power supply voltage VDD. Alternatively, a floating power supply device may be used for the voltage generation circuit 50.
- the target element is a semiconductor element whose dV/dt tolerance is to be evaluated.
- the target element may be any type of transistor.
- a transistor serving as a target element is hereinafter referred to as a target transistor.
- the above-mentioned transistor 10 is an example of a target transistor, and hereinafter may be referred to as target transistor 10.
- the semiconductor material for forming the target transistor 10 is arbitrary. That is, for example, the target transistor 10 may be a SiC-MOSFET, or a MOSFET formed using silicon.
- the target transistor 10 may be a superjunction MOSFET. In any case, the target transistor 10 has a drain connected to node ND1 and a source connected to node ND2.
- a first modification may be applied in which an N-channel IGBT 11 is used as the target transistor 10.
- Fig. 10 shows a circuit diagram of the element evaluation device 1 when the first modification is applied to the first embodiment.
- the IGBT is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
- the collector and emitter of the IGBT 11 are connected to nodes ND1 and ND2, respectively. That is, in the first modification, the voltage between the nodes ND1 and ND2 is the collector-emitter voltage VCE of the IGBT 11, and the tolerance to changes in the voltage VCE can be evaluated.
- a gate voltage for fixing IGBT 11 in the off state may be applied to the gate of IGBT 11.
- a diode 12 may be added in parallel to IGBT 11.
- the anode and cathode of diode 12 are connected to nodes ND2 and ND1, respectively, and have the same function as parasitic diode 10D in FIG. 6. That is, in the freewheeling operation of FIG. 6, the inductor current IL (freewheeling current) in current loop LP3 flows through diode 12.
- IGBT 11 may be turned on.
- the target element may be any type of diode (e.g., a fast recovery diode).
- the diode as the target element is hereinafter referred to as the target diode. That is, in the first and second embodiments, a second modification may be performed in which the target transistor 10 is replaced with a target diode.
- FIG. 11 shows a circuit diagram of the element evaluation device 1 when the second modification is performed on the first embodiment.
- the diode 13 is the target diode.
- the anode of the target diode 13 is connected to the node ND2, and the cathode of the target diode 13 is connected to the node ND1. That is, in the second modification, the voltage between the nodes ND1 and ND2 is the cathode-to-anode voltage VKA of the diode 13, and the tolerance to changes in the voltage VKA can be evaluated.
- the types of transistor channels shown in each embodiment are examples.
- the type of channel of any transistor may be changed between P-channel and N-channel without compromising the above-mentioned spirit.
- the element evaluation device (1, 1A) includes a target element (10, 11, 13) connected between a first node (ND1) and a second node (ND2), a drive switching element (20) connected between the second node and a third node (ND3), an inductor (L1) connected between a fourth node (ND4) to which a power supply voltage is applied and the second node, a switching circuit (30) configured to switch the drive switching element, a voltage generating circuit (40, 50) connected between the first node and the fourth node, and a capacitor (C1) connected between the first node and the third node, and the voltage generating circuit is configured (first configuration) to make the first node a high potential side and generate a voltage between the first node and the fourth node when a return current flows through a current loop (LP3) that returns to the fourth node from the fourth node via the second node, the first node, and the voltage generating circuit after the drive switching element switches from an on state to an off state.
- a target element (10,
- the voltage generation circuit (40) may be configured (second configuration) to include one or more diodes (41) having a forward direction from the first node toward the fourth node.
- the voltage generating circuit (50) may be a DC voltage source (third configuration).
- the target element may be a target transistor or a target diode (fourth configuration).
- the target element may be a target transistor (10, 11) having a drain or collector connected to the first node and a source or emitter connected to the second node (fifth configuration).
- the target transistor (10) may be a MOSFET having a drain connected to the first node and a source connected to the second node, and the MOSFET may be formed using silicon carbide (sixth configuration).
- the target transistor may be fixed in an off state (seventh configuration).
- the target element may be a target diode (13) having a cathode connected to the first node and an anode connected to the second node (8th configuration).
- the turn-on delay time of the drive switching element may be 5 nanoseconds or less (ninth configuration).
- the switching speed of the drive switching element is improved.
- the above-mentioned tolerance can be evaluated while increasing the rate of change of the voltage applied to the target element. In other words, the tolerance of the target element related to high dV/dt can be evaluated.
- the drive switching element may be configured as a semiconductor component (120) including a semiconductor chip (121) on which a MOSFET is formed, a package (122) for accommodating the semiconductor chip, and a drain terminal (T D ), a power source terminal (T PS ), a driver source terminal (T DS ) and a gate terminal (T G ) exposed from the package, a gate electrode of the MOSFET in the semiconductor chip is connected to the gate terminal, a drain electrode of the MOSFET in the semiconductor chip is connected to the second node via the drain terminal, and a source electrode of the MOSFET in the semiconductor chip is connected to the third node via the power source terminal including a package inductance component (L S ) while being connected to the driver source terminal without passing through the power source terminal, and the switching circuit may be configured (tenth configuration) to switch the drive switching element by supplying a gate signal (V G ) between the gate terminal and the driver source terminal.
- V G gate signal
- the tenth configuration improves the switching speed of the drive switching element.
- the above-mentioned tolerance can be evaluated in a state where the rate of change of the voltage applied to the target element is increased.
- the tolerance of the target element related to high dV/dt can be evaluated.
- the drive switching element may be a MOSFET formed using silicon carbide (eleventh configuration).
- the switching circuit may be configured to switch the drive switching element at a frequency of 10 kHz or more (twelfth configuration).
- the switching circuit may be configured to switch the drive switching element at a predetermined frequency, and to set the on-time of the drive switching element to 500 nanoseconds or less in each period of switching of the drive switching element (thirteenth configuration).
- the power supply voltage may be 600 V or more as viewed from the potential of the third node (14th configuration).
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Abstract
Description
本開示の第1実施形態を説明する。第1実施形態の構成の説明に先立ち、図1を参照して参考評価装置900を説明する。図1は参考評価装置900の回路図である。参考評価装置900は、Nチャネル型のMOSFETであるトランジスタ910及び920を備える。トランジスタ910のドレインに対し電圧源VS’から正の電源電圧が印加される。また、トランジスタ910のソース及びトランジスタ920のドレイン間の接続ノードと電圧源VS’の正の出力端子との間にインダクタL901が挿入される。トランジスタ920のソースはグランドに接続される。トランジスタ910のゲートには、トランジスタ910をオフ状態で固定するための所定電位が与えられる。スイッチング回路930はトランジスタ920をスイッチングさせるためのゲート信号をトランジスタ920のゲートに供給する。
本開示の第2実施形態を説明する。第2実施形態及び後述の第3実施形態は第1実施形態を基礎とする実施形態であり、第2及び第3実施形態において特に述べない事項に関しては、矛盾の無い限り、第1実施形態の記載が第2及び第3実施形態にも適用される。但し、第2実施形態の記載を解釈するにあたり、第1及び第2実施形態間で矛盾する事項については第2実施形態の記載が優先されて良い(後述の第3実施形態についても同様)。矛盾の無い限り、第1~第3実施形態の内、任意の複数の実施形態を組み合わせても良い。
本開示の第3実施形態を説明する。対象素子はdV/dt耐量が評価されるべき半導体素子である。
上述の実施形態にて具体的構成例が示された本開示について付記を設ける。
910、920 トランジスタ
930 スイッチング回路
L901 インダクタ
VS’ 電圧源
1、1A 素子評価装置
10 トランジスタ(対象トランジスタ)
10D 寄生ダイオード
11 IGBT
12 ダイオード
13 対象ダイオード
20 トランジスタ(駆動スイッチング素子)
30 スイッチング回路
40、50 電圧発生回路
41 整流ダイオード
L1 インダクタ
C1、C2 コンデンサ
VS 電圧源
R1 ゲート抵抗
R2 抵抗
PG パルス発生器
ND1~ND4 ノード
VDD 電源電圧
VG ゲート信号
LP1~LP3 電流ループ
IL インダクタ電流
120 半導体部品
121 半導体チップ
122 パッケージ
TD ドレイン端子
TPS パワーソース端子
TDS ドライバソース端子
TG ゲート端子
LS パッケージインダクタンス成分
RG_INT 抵抗成分
Claims (14)
- 第1ノードと第2ノードとの間に接続される対象素子と、
前記第2ノードと第3ノードとの間に接続される駆動スイッチング素子と、
電源電圧が加わる第4ノードと前記第2ノードとの間に接続されるインダクタと、
前記駆動スイッチング素子をスイッチングさせるよう構成されたスイッチング回路と、
前記第1ノードと前記第4ノードとの間に接続される電圧発生回路と、
前記第1ノードと前記第3ノードとの間に接続されるコンデンサと、を備え、
前記電圧発生回路は、前記駆動スイッチング素子がオン状態からオフ状態に切り替わった後、前記第4ノードから前記第2ノード、前記第1ノード及び前記電圧発生回路を経由して前記第4ノードに戻る電流ループに還流電流が流れるとき、前記第1ノードを高電位側にして前記第1ノード及び前記第4ノード間に電圧を発生させる
、素子評価装置。 - 前記電圧発生回路は、前記第1ノードから前記第4ノードに向かう向きに順方向を有する1以上のダイオードを備える
、請求項1に記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記電圧発生回路は、直流電圧源である
、請求項1に記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記対象素子は対象トランジスタ又は対象ダイオードである
、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記対象素子は対象トランジスタであって、前記第1ノードに接続されたドレイン又はコレクタ、及び、前記第2ノードに接続されたソース又はエミッタを有する
、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記対象トランジスタは、前記第1ノードに接続されたドレイン及び前記第2ノードに接続されたソースを有するMOSFETであって、前記MOSFETは炭化ケイ素を用いて形成される
、請求項5に記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記対象トランジスタはオフ状態で固定される
、請求項5又は6に記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記対象素子は対象ダイオードであって、前記第1ノードに接続されたカソード及び前記第2ノードに接続されたアノードを有する
、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記駆動スイッチング素子のターンオン遅延時間は5ナノ秒以下である
、請求項1~8の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記駆動スイッチング素子は、
MOSFETが形成された半導体チップと、
前記半導体チップを収容するパッケージと、
前記パッケージから露出するドレイン端子、パワーソース端子、ドライバソース端子及びゲート端子と、を備えた半導体部品により構成され、
前記半導体チップにおけるMOSFETのゲート電極は前記ゲート端子に接続され、
前記半導体チップにおけるMOSFETのドレイン電極は前記ドレイン端子を経由して前記第2ノードに接続され、
前記半導体チップにおけるMOSFETのソース電極は、パッケージインダクタンス成分を含む前記パワーソース端子を経由して前記第3ノードに接続される一方、前記パワーソース端子を経由せずに前記ドライバソース端子に接続され、
前記スイッチング回路は、前記ゲート端子及び前記ドライバソース端子間にゲート信号を供給することで前記駆動スイッチング素子をスイッチングさせる
、請求項1~9の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記駆動スイッチング素子は、炭化ケイ素を用いて形成されるMOSFETである
、請求項1~10の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記スイッチング回路は前記駆動スイッチング素子を10kHz以上の周波数でスイッチングさせる
、請求項1~11の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記スイッチング回路は前記駆動スイッチング素子を所定周波数でスイッチングさせ、前記駆動スイッチング素子のスイッチングにおける各周期において、前記駆動スイッチング素子のオン時間を500ナノ秒以下に設定する
、請求項1~12の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。 - 前記第3ノードの電位から見て前記電源電圧は600V以上である
、請求項1~13の何れかに記載の素子評価装置。
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| JP2018112404A (ja) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ダイオード試験装置、ダイオードの試験方法およびダイオードの製造方法 |
| JP2018179716A (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-11-15 | 新電元工業株式会社 | スイッチング損失評価装置 |
| JP2021032827A (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-01 | 富士電機株式会社 | パワー半導体用試験装置およびパワー半導体試験方法 |
| JP2021092463A (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | 富士電機株式会社 | パワー半導体用試験方法およびパワー半導体用試験装置 |
| CN113009308A (zh) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 华北电力大学 | 一种mmc用功率半导体器件可靠性试验装置及方法 |
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| JP2018112404A (ja) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ダイオード試験装置、ダイオードの試験方法およびダイオードの製造方法 |
| JP2018179716A (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-11-15 | 新電元工業株式会社 | スイッチング損失評価装置 |
| JP2021032827A (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-01 | 富士電機株式会社 | パワー半導体用試験装置およびパワー半導体試験方法 |
| JP2021092463A (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | 富士電機株式会社 | パワー半導体用試験方法およびパワー半導体用試験装置 |
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| JP2022184529A (ja) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-13 | 株式会社東芝 | 劣化検査装置及び劣化検査方法 |
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