WO2024066464A1 - 一种提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Prior art keywords
- ganoderma lucidum
- wall
- spore powder
- lucidum spore
- breaking
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- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/40—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy with more than one means for adding fluid to the material being crushed or disintegrated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/28—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/28—Details
- B02C4/30—Shape or construction of rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/28—Details
- B02C4/40—Detachers, e.g. scrapers
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and particularly relates to a method for improving the wall-breaking rate of ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
- Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is a good thing, but the processing technology is critical. As a health product, the wall breaking rate of broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder should be above 95% to be considered a qualified product.
- Ganoderma lucidum cultivation bases have their own Ganoderma lucidum processing plants, but some companies have relatively simple processing equipment, which directly affects the quality of spore powder.
- Commonly used Ganoderma lucidum spore powder wall-breaking technologies include: chemical method (repeated acid and alkali treatment), biological method (enzyme degradation, yeast fermentation treatment), mechanical method (rolling, extrusion, grinding) and comprehensive treatment.
- Vibration breaking The first thing people think of is to knock open the shell, use the high-speed impact of a metal rod, or grind it with a machine. However, this method has a low breaking rate, poor effect, and there is a risk of excessive heavy metal content. High-speed impact can easily generate high temperatures, which can easily cause the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to oxidize and deteriorate.
- Enzymatic wall breaking Use this special biological enzyme or chemical agent to dissolve the outer wall of the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
- the common method is to soak it in alcohol for 3 days and then hydrolyze it with a complex enzyme for 4 days, and the wall breaking rate reaches 52%.
- the wall breaking effect has been improved to a certain extent, some drugs or chemicals will remain in the future, and if not controlled well, it will destroy the effective ingredients of the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
- Low-temperature rolling and wall breaking Low-temperature physical rolling can maintain a low temperature, which will not cause high-temperature oxidation and deterioration, and also avoid chemical substances. In order to increase the wall breaking rate, the rolling time is often extended, and the wall breaking rate can be as high as 99% or more. But the disadvantage is that low-end wall breaking equipment will cause heavy metal residues.
- Airflow classification wall breaking It requires low temperature treatment, uses wind as the power, and makes the spores collide with each other and break, and the fineness can be several microns. This method has the problem of oxidation and deterioration caused by high temperature generated by high-speed impact, but avoids the heavy metal residue that may be caused by the vibration wall breaking method.
- the wall breaking rate of this method is basically the same as that of low-temperature rolling, but the equipment price is high, resulting in a lot of cost increase, so the application rate in the industry is also low.
- Wall-breaking food processor a new type of household equipment. It sounds very advanced, but to simplify it, it is a machine that breaks the cell wall by cutting food at an ultra-high speed. Most of them are primary wall-breaking, far from meeting the standard requirements of wall-breaking Ganoderma lucidum spore powder as a health food. To put it simply, when you use a wall-breaking food processor to break the cell wall, the product you get cannot be called wall-breaking Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, because its wall-breaking rate is very low, and the effect after taking it is still very low.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method for improving the wall-breaking rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder suitable for industrial production.
- the method can significantly improve the wall-breaking rate and save energy and reduce consumption.
- a method for improving the wall-breaking rate of ganoderma lucidum spore powder comprising the following steps:
- the total amount of watering in step (2) is 1/3 of the total weight of the feed.
- step (2) when gradually adding material in the middle of the roller surface, the amount of material added each time is controlled to be 48-55 kg.
- the step (2) is to simultaneously use a sprinkler to evenly sprinkle the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder between the rolling double rollers.
- the multiple rolling and wall breaking times in step (2) are 25-35 times, preferably 30 times.
- the traditional method is to use a Ganoderma lucidum spore powder wall-breaking machine to directly break the wall.
- the method of the present invention explores adding an appropriate amount of water during the wall-breaking process, which significantly improves the wall-breaking efficiency by up to 50%, and can save energy and reduce consumption.
- the method of the present invention can also significantly reduce the dust amount of the spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum during the cell wall breaking process.
- the method of the present invention is obtained by the inventor through a large amount of practical experience during the production process and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production.
- FIG1 is a photo of the broken spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum obtained by the method of Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG2 is a photograph of the wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained by the method of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention (wall-breaking rate is about 75%).
- FIG3 is a photograph of the wall-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained by the method of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention (wall-breaking rate is about 80%).
- the following examples all use a JRG-3C shearing type Ganoderma lucidum spore powder wall breaking machine (Nanjing Nada Super Micro Technology Co., Ltd.).
- the raw material of the unbroken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is produced in Huangshan, Anhui.
- a process for breaking the wall of ganoderma lucidum spore powder comprising the following steps:
- a process for breaking the wall of ganoderma lucidum spore powder comprising the following steps:
- Results The total time was about 3 hours, but only 20 times of crushing were possible, and a large amount of dust was produced during the wall-breaking process.
- the wall-breaking rate was only about 75% when sampled using a microscope, as shown in Figure 2.
- the wall breaking rate reached more than 95% by microscopic sampling inspection, but the total time was 4.5 hours.
- step (1) The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the total amount of water sprayed during wall breaking in step (1) is 1/2 of the total feed weight.
- the wall breaking rate reached more than 95% by microscopic sampling inspection, but the total time reached 5 hours.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
一种提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法，该方法包括在灵芝孢子粉破壁机两辊筒的辊面中间逐步加料，同步均匀在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上洒水，总洒水量是总投料重量的30％-35％；然后用接料盘在辊筒下面接料，将接到的物料返回辊面多次碾压破壁。
Description
本发明属于中药提取技术领域，具体涉及一种提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法。
目前，市面上灵芝孢子粉产品越来越多，价格差距也比较大。与自然界其他生物一样，灵芝也有保护后代的本能，所以它在孢子外面有一个双重的坚硬外壳。经过多次科学研究，孢子粉的孢子壁结构复杂，耐酸碱性强，必须破壁才能被人体充分吸收。如果不破壁或破壁率低，人体对原生质体有效成分的吸收非常缓慢，在消化道酶解成功之前，孢子就已被排出体外。灵芝孢子粉是好东西但加工技术很关键，作为保健品的破壁灵芝孢子粉，其破壁率应该在95％以上才算合格的产品。
但目前的破壁技术普遍较低，大多数的灵芝栽培基地都拥有自己的灵芝加工厂，但有些企业的加工设备比较简陋，直接影响孢子粉质量。常用的灵芝孢子粉破壁技术有：化学法(反复酸碱处理)、生物法(酶降解、酵母菌发酵处理)、机械法(碾压、挤压、研磨)和综合处理等。
以下对灵芝孢子粉破壁技术进行分别介绍：
1)震荡破壁：人们最先想到的就是把外壳敲开，利用金属棒的高速撞击，机器碾磨的方法。但这种方法的破壁率很低，效果不好，而且重金属含量也会有超标的风险，还因为高速撞击极易产生高温，容易使灵芝孢子粉氧化变质。
2)酶法破壁：利用这种特殊的生物酶或者化学制剂，将灵芝孢子粉的外壁溶解掉。比如常见的先用酒精浸泡3天，再用复合酶水解4天，破壁率达52％。破壁效果虽然有了一定的提升，但后续会有部分药剂或许化学残留，控制不好还会破坏灵芝孢子粉的有效成分。
3)低温碾压破壁：通过低温物理碾压，可以保持较低的温度，不会造成高温氧化变质，也避免了化学物质。为了提高破壁率，往往采用延长碾压时间的方式，破壁率能高达99％以上。但弊端是低端破壁设备会造成重金属残留。
4)气流分级破壁：需要低温处理，将风力作为动力，让孢子相互撞击而破碎，细度可以是几微米。这种方式存在高速撞击产生的高温导致氧化变质问题，但避免了震荡破壁方式可能导致的重金属残留。该方式的破壁率与低温碾压基本相同，但是设备价格高昂，导致成本增加很多，所以在行业内应用率也较低。
5)破壁料理机：新型的家用设备。听起来很高级，简化来就一句话：就是通过超高转速切割食材打破细胞壁的一种机器，大多是初级破壁，远远不能达到作为保健食品的破壁灵芝孢子粉的标准要求。简单点就是说自己利用破壁料理机进行破壁时，得到的不能称作为破壁灵芝孢子粉，因为它的破壁率非常低，服用后效果依然非常低。
因此，探索一种适合工业化生产的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法是目前研究的重要方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述不足之处，提供一种适合工业化生产的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法，采用该方法能显著提高破壁率且节能降耗。
本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的：
一种提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)转动灵芝孢子粉破壁机的手轮使两辊筒的辊间距不小于1毫米，接通电源，打开冷却水，待机器运转平稳后，将辊筒间距平行调为0，然后将两侧的刮刀用手轮轻轻顶上，再投入灵芝孢子粉原料；
(2)在两辊筒的辊面中间逐步加料，同步均匀在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上洒水，总洒水量是总投料重量的30％-35％；然后用接料盘在辊筒下面接料，将接到的物料返回辊面多次碾压破壁；
(3)破壁率达到要求后收集物料。
优选所述的步骤(2)所述的总洒水量是总投料重量的1/3。
优选所述的步骤(2)为在辊面中间逐步加料时，每次投料控制在48-55公斤。
优选所述的步骤(2)为同步利用洒水装置均匀洒在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上。
所述的辊筒间距平行调为0时，两辊筒平行靠紧，以免因倾斜损
坏辊筒；另外两辊筒必须靠紧，否则影响破壁效果。
优选步骤(2)所述的多次碾压破壁次为25-35次，优选30次。
与现有技术比较本发明的有益效果：
(1)传统的方法是采用灵芝孢子粉破壁机直接破壁，本发明方法探索在破壁的过程中加上适量的水，显著提高破壁效率高达50％，且能节能降耗。
(2)在破壁过程中灵芝孢子粉的粉尘量过多也会严重影响破壁率，本发明方法还能显著减少破壁时的灵芝孢子粉的粉尘量。
本发明方法是发明人在生产过程中，通过大量的实践经验摸索得到，特别适合工业化大生产。
图1为本发明实施例1方法得到的破壁灵芝孢子粉照片。
图2为本发明对比例1方法得到的破壁灵芝孢子粉照片(破壁率75％左右)。
图3为本发明对比例2方法得到的破壁灵芝孢子粉照片(破壁率80％左右)。
以下通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步解释说明。
以下实施例均采用JRG-3C剪切式灵芝孢子粉破壁机(南京纳达超微科技有限公司)。未破壁的灵芝孢子粉原料产自安徽黄山。
实施例1
一种灵芝孢子粉的破壁的工艺，该工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)检查设备各部分及电器是否正常，两辊间无任何杂质(特别是铁质)后，转动灵芝孢子粉破壁机的手轮使两辊筒的辊间距不小于1毫米，接通电源，打开冷却水，待机器运转平稳后，将辊筒间距平行调为0，即两辊筒靠紧，然后将两侧的刮刀用手轮轻轻顶上，再投入灵芝孢子粉原料。
(2)在两辊筒的辊面中间逐步加料，每次投料控制在50公斤左右，同步利用洒水装置均匀洒在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上，总洒水量为总投料重量的1/3，然后用接料盘在辊筒下面接料，将接到的物料返回辊面多次碾压破壁。
(3)重复碾压破壁30次，总用时3小时，用显微镜抽样检验破壁率，达到99％以上。
实施例2
一种灵芝孢子粉的破壁的工艺，该工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)检查设备各部分及电器是否正常，两辊间无任何杂质(特别是铁质)后，转动灵芝孢子粉破壁机的手轮使两辊筒的辊间距不小于1毫米，接通电源，打开冷却水，待机器运转平稳后，将辊筒间距平行调为0，即两辊筒靠紧，然后将两侧的刮刀用手轮轻轻顶上，再投入灵芝孢子粉原料。
(2)在两辊筒的辊面中间逐步加料，每次投料控制在50公斤左右，同步利用洒水装置均匀洒在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上，总洒水
量为总投料重量的35％，然后用接料盘在辊筒下面接料，将接到的物料返回辊面多次碾压破壁。
(3)重复碾压破壁30次，总用时3.2小时，用显微镜抽样检验破壁率，达到99％以上。
对比例1
其余步骤同实施例1，不同在于在辊面中间逐步加料破壁时，全程不加水。
结果：总用时同样约3小时，却只能碾压20遍，且在破壁过程中粉尘量大，用显微镜抽样检验破壁率只有75％左右，如图2所示。
进一步碾压35遍后用显微镜抽样检验破壁率达到95％以上，但是总耗时达4.5小时。
对比例2
其余步骤同实施例1，不同在于步骤(1)破壁时的总洒水量是总投料重量的1/2。
结果：总用时同样约3小时，但加水量过多，导致粉料粘在滚轮上不好快速清理，只能碾压18遍，用显微镜抽样检验破壁率也只有80％左右，如图3所示。
进一步碾压40遍后用显微镜抽样检验破壁率达到95％以上，但总用时达到5小时。
Claims (7)
- 一种提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率的方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：(1)转动灵芝孢子粉破壁机的手轮使两辊筒的辊间距不小于1毫米，接通电源，打开冷却水，待机器运转平稳后，将辊筒间距平行调为0，然后将两侧的刮刀用手轮轻轻顶上，再投入灵芝孢子粉原料；(2)在两辊筒的辊面中间逐步加料，同步均匀在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上洒水，总洒水量是总投料重量的30％-35％；然后用接料盘在辊筒下面接料，将接到的物料返回辊面多次碾压破壁；(3)破壁率达到要求后收集物料。
- 根据权利要求1所述的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率方法，其特征在于所述的步骤(2)所述的总洒水量是总投料重量的1/3。
- 根据权利要求1所述的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率方法，其特征在于所述的步骤(2)为在辊面中间逐步加料时，每次投料控制在45-55公斤。
- 根据权利要求1所述的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率方法，其特征在于所述的步骤(2)为同步利用洒水装置均匀洒在滚动双辊间的灵芝孢子粉上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率方法，其特征在于所述的辊筒间距平行调为0时，两辊筒平行靠紧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率方法，其特征在于 步骤(2)所述的多次碾压破壁次为25-35次。
- 根据权利要求1所述的提高灵芝孢子粉破壁率方法，其特征在于所述的灵芝孢子粉破壁机为JRG系列灵芝孢子粉破壁机。
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