WO2024065520A1 - 电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024065520A1
WO2024065520A1 PCT/CN2022/122901 CN2022122901W WO2024065520A1 WO 2024065520 A1 WO2024065520 A1 WO 2024065520A1 CN 2022122901 W CN2022122901 W CN 2022122901W WO 2024065520 A1 WO2024065520 A1 WO 2024065520A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
battery cell
wiring harness
electrode terminal
insulating member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/122901
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈龙
林蹬华
陈新祥
黄守君
郑于炼
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/122901 priority Critical patent/WO2024065520A1/zh
Publication of WO2024065520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065520A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and more specifically, to an end cover assembly of a battery cell, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Battery monomers are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly of a battery cell, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve safety.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an end cap assembly of a battery cell, comprising an end cap, a detection assembly and an insulating member.
  • the detection assembly is disposed on the end cap and is used to detect status information of the battery cell.
  • the insulating member is attached to a surface of the end cap that is away from the electrode assembly of the battery cell, and the insulating member is provided with an avoidance structure, and the avoidance structure is used to avoid at least part of the detection assembly.
  • the detection component can detect the status information of the battery cell in real time, and thus regulate the battery cell according to the status information of the battery cell, improve the cycle performance of the battery cell, reduce safety risks, and extend the cycle life of the battery cell.
  • the risk of interference between the detection component and the insulating part is reduced, the connection strength between the insulating part and the end cover and the accuracy of the detection component detection are improved.
  • the state information includes at least one of a temperature of the battery cell, a voltage of the battery cell, a deformation amount of the end cap, and an internal pressure of the battery cell.
  • the avoidance structure exposes at least a portion of the detection component to facilitate connection of the detection component with a device outside the battery cell.
  • the end cap has a recessed portion, which is recessed relative to a surface of the end cap facing away from the electrode assembly. At least a portion of the detection assembly is accommodated in the recessed portion.
  • the size of the detection assembly protruding from the surface of the end cover facing away from the electrode assembly can be reduced, the space occupied by the end cover assembly can be reduced, the energy density of the battery cell can be increased, and the risk of interference between the detection assembly and the insulating member can be reduced.
  • the end cap is provided with a convex portion on a side facing the electrode assembly, and the positions of the convex portion and the concave portion correspond to each other.
  • the strength of the end cap corresponding to the concave part can be increased, and the risk of the end cap breaking can be reduced.
  • the depth of the concave part can be increased, thereby providing more accommodation space for the detection component, reducing the overall size of the battery cell, and improving the energy density.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal with opposite polarities, the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are mounted on the end cap; and the detection assembly is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal.
  • the detection component can detect the potential of the first electrode terminal and the potential of the second electrode terminal, thereby obtaining the voltage of the battery cell and monitoring the working state of the battery cell.
  • the detection assembly includes a chip, a first wiring harness and a second wiring harness, the chip is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal through the first wiring harness, and is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal through the second wiring harness.
  • the avoidance structure exposes at least part of the chip.
  • the first wiring harness can transmit the potential signal of the first electrode terminal to the chip
  • the second wiring harness can transmit the potential signal of the second electrode terminal to the chip
  • the chip can calculate the voltage of the battery cell according to the potential signal of the first electrode terminal and the potential signal of the second electrode terminal.
  • the avoidance structure exposes at least part of the chip so that the chip can feed back the voltage signal to the control device outside the battery cell.
  • the end cap has a recessed portion, which is recessed relative to a surface of the end cap facing away from the electrode assembly. At least a portion of the first wire harness, at least a portion of the second wire harness, and at least a portion of the chip are accommodated in the recessed portion.
  • the recess can provide accommodation space for the first wiring harness, the second wiring harness and the chip, thereby reducing the space occupied by the end cover assembly, improving the energy density of the battery cell, and reducing the risk of interference between the detection assembly and the insulating member.
  • the avoidance structure exposes a portion of the first wiring harness corresponding to the recess and a portion of the second wiring harness corresponding to the recess.
  • the embodiments of the present application can reduce the requirement for the depth of the recess. Even if the first wiring harness and the second wiring harness protrude out of the recess, the avoidance structure can avoid the first wiring harness and the second wiring harness, thereby reducing the risk of interference between the insulating member and the first wiring harness and the risk of interference between the insulating member and the second wiring harness.
  • the insulating member covers at least a portion of the first wiring harness.
  • the insulating member can protect the first wiring harness from the outside, reduce the risk of the first wiring harness being damaged by external devices, reduce leakage, and improve insulation.
  • the insulating member is against the first wiring harness in the thickness direction of the end cap.
  • the insulating member can limit the first wiring harness in the thickness direction to reduce the movement of the first wiring harness when the battery cell is subjected to external impact, reduce the force on the first wiring harness, and reduce the risk of fracture at the connection between the first wiring harness and the chip.
  • the insulating member includes a base layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is located between the end cap and the base layer and bonds the end cap and the base layer.
  • the avoidance structure includes a first hole penetrating the base layer and a second hole penetrating the adhesive layer, the second hole includes a first area corresponding to the first hole and a second area covered by the base layer. A portion of the chip is accommodated in the first area and the first hole, and a portion of the first wiring harness is accommodated in the second area.
  • the base layer can cover the first wiring harness, reducing the risk of the first wiring harness being damaged by external devices, reducing leakage, and improving insulation.
  • the adhesive layer and the recess do not overlap in the thickness direction of the end cap.
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the adhesive layer overflowing into the recess and reduce the risk of interference between the adhesive layer and the detection component in the recess.
  • the first wiring harness includes a first wiring harness segment, a second wiring harness segment, and a connector
  • the first wiring harness segment is connected to the chip
  • the second wiring harness segment is connected to the first electrode terminal
  • the connector is used to connect the first wiring harness segment and the second wiring harness segment.
  • the chip includes a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and a displacement sensor, the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the first wiring harness and the second wiring harness, and the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are both connected to the end cap.
  • the chip can detect the temperature of the battery cell, the deformation of the end cap and the voltage.
  • the insulating member further includes a first through hole, and the first electrode terminal passes through the insulating member via the first through hole.
  • the avoidance structure is in communication with the first through hole.
  • the first wiring harness can enter the first through hole via the avoidance structure to facilitate connection with the first electrode terminal installed in the first through hole, thereby reducing the risk of interference between the first wiring harness and the insulating member.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising a housing, an electrode assembly and an end cap assembly.
  • the housing has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing.
  • the end cap of the end cap assembly is used to cover the opening.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells according to any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a battery provided in any embodiment of the third aspect, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an end cap assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an exploded schematic diagram of the end cover assembly shown in FIG5 ;
  • FIG7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of FIG6 at the circle A;
  • FIG8 is another exploded schematic diagram of the end cover assembly shown in FIG5 ;
  • FIG9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an end cap assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is an exploded schematic diagram of an end cap assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an end cap assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG13 is an exploded schematic diagram of the end cover assembly shown in FIG12;
  • FIG14 is an exploded schematic diagram of an end cap assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection assembly shown in FIG14;
  • FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap of an end cap assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cover shown in FIG. 16 at another angle.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • a battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • a battery cell mainly works by the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer, and the positive active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive current collector;
  • the positive current collector includes a positive electrode coating area and a positive electrode ear connected to the positive electrode coating area, and the positive electrode coating area is coated with a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode ear is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer, and the negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative current collector; the negative current collector includes a negative electrode coating area and a negative electrode ear connected to the negative electrode coating area, and the negative electrode coating area is coated with a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode ear is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the separator may be made of PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery cell also includes a shell and an end cap.
  • the shell has an opening.
  • the end cap covers the opening of the shell to enclose the shell to form a receiving cavity for receiving the electrode assembly.
  • the shell and the end cap can protect the electrode assembly from the outside to prevent external foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the electrode assembly.
  • abnormal conditions may occur. For example, after multiple charge and discharge cycles, side reactions may occur inside the battery cells and gas may continue to be generated. The gas will increase the air pressure inside the battery cells, thereby causing the risk of shell deformation and rupture. For another example, when a short circuit occurs inside the battery cells, the battery cells generate heat and the temperature rises, thereby causing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery cells.
  • the inventor tried to install a detection component on the end cover, which can detect the status information of the battery cell in real time, so as to regulate the battery cell according to the status information of the battery cell, improve the cycle performance of the battery cell, reduce safety risks, and extend the cycle life of the battery cell.
  • the inventors attach an insulating member to the surface of the end cover; the insulating member can separate the end cover from other components outside the battery cell to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the inventors have found that installing the detection assembly on the end cap will cause the risk of interference between the detection assembly and the insulating member. If the detection assembly is installed first and then the insulating member, the detection assembly is likely to interfere with the insulating member, causing the insulating member to be lifted and difficult to fit tightly with the end cap. If the insulating member is installed first and then the detection assembly, the insulating member will separate the detection assembly from the end cap, making it difficult for the detection assembly to accurately detect the state of the end cap, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of the detection.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, which reduces the risk of interference between the detection component and the insulating component by providing an avoidance structure on the insulating component, thereby improving the connection strength between the insulating component and the end cover and the accuracy of the detection of the detection component.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, and the like.
  • the vehicle may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, and the like;
  • the spacecraft includes an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, and the like;
  • the electric toy includes a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, and the like;
  • the electric tool includes a metal cutting electric tool, a grinding electric tool, an assembly electric tool, and an electric tool for railways, such as an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an impact drill, a concrete vibrator, and an electric planer, and the like.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is disposed inside the vehicle 1, and the battery 2 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1, for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1.
  • the vehicle 1 may further include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , wherein the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a housing 5 and a battery cell 6 (not shown).
  • the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the housing 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate the battery cell 6, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box 5 can include a first box portion 5a and a second box portion 5b, the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b cover each other, and the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b jointly define a storage space 5c for accommodating the battery cell 6.
  • the second box portion 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box portion 5a is a plate-like structure, and the first box portion 5a covers the open side of the second box portion 5b to form a box 5 with a storage space 5c; the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first box portion 5a covers the open side of the second box portion 5b to form a box 5 with a storage space 5c.
  • the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • a sealing member such as a sealant, a sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first box body 5a and the second box body 5b.
  • the first box body portion 5a covers the top of the second box body portion 5b
  • the first box body portion 5a can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box body portion 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery cell 6 can be one or more. If there are more than one battery cell 6, the battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the battery cells 6 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the battery cells 6 can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, the battery cells 6 can also be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a battery module, and then the battery modules can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a whole, and then accommodated in the box 5.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application; and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an explosion of the battery cell shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 6, which includes an electrode assembly 10, a shell 20 and an end cap assembly 30.
  • the shell 20 has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the shell 20.
  • the end cap assembly 30 is used to cover the opening.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 10 generates electrical energy through oxidation and reduction reactions when ions are embedded/extracted from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 10 also includes a separator, which is used to insulate and isolate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 10 may be a wound electrode assembly, a laminated electrode assembly, or other types of electrode assemblies.
  • Electrodes assemblies 10 There may be one or more electrode assemblies 10. When there are more than one electrode assemblies 10, the plurality of electrode assemblies 10 may be stacked.
  • the shell 20 is a hollow structure.
  • the shape of the shell 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10. For example, if the electrode assembly 10 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly 10 is a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected.
  • the shell 20 may be made of various materials, for example, the shell 20 may be made of metal or plastic. Alternatively, the shell 20 may be made of copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • one end of the housing 20 is provided with an opening, and there is one end cap assembly 30 that covers the opening.
  • both opposite ends of the housing 20 have openings, and there are two end cap assemblies 30 that cover the openings at both ends of the housing 20, respectively.
  • the end cap assembly 30 includes an end cap 31, which is used to cover the opening of the housing 20.
  • the shape of the end cap 31 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 20 to match the housing 20.
  • the end cap 31 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 31 is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 6 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 31 and the shell 20 enclose and form a receiving chamber for receiving the electrode assembly 10 and the electrolyte.
  • the end cap assembly 30 further includes a first electrode terminal 32 and a second electrode terminal 33 disposed on the end cap 31 .
  • the polarities of the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are opposite. For example, if the first electrode terminal 32 is a positive terminal, the second electrode terminal 33 is a negative terminal; if the first electrode terminal 32 is a negative terminal, the second electrode terminal 33 is a positive terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 10 to a circuit outside the battery cell 6 to achieve charging and discharging of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end cover assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of the end cover assembly shown in Figure 5
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 6 at circle A
  • Figure 8 is another exploded schematic diagram of the end cover assembly shown in Figure 5.
  • the end cap assembly 30 of the embodiment of the present application includes an end cap 31, a detection assembly 34 and an insulating member 35.
  • the detection assembly 34 is disposed on the end cap 31 and is used to detect the status information of the battery cell 6.
  • the insulating member 35 is attached to the surface of the electrode assembly 10 of the end cap 31 that is away from the battery cell 6, and the insulating member 35 is provided with an avoidance structure 35a, and the avoidance structure 35a is used to avoid at least part of the detection assembly 34.
  • the status information of the battery cell 6 is information characterizing the working status of the battery cell 6.
  • the status information of the battery cell 6 may include at least one of the temperature of the battery cell 6, the voltage of the battery cell 6, the deformation of the end cover 31, the internal pressure of the battery cell 6, the gas composition inside the battery cell 6, the deformation of the electrode assembly 10, the dendrite growth condition inside the electrode assembly 10, and the charge inside the battery cell 6.
  • Attachment may refer to affixing and connecting.
  • the insulating member 35 may be attached to the surface of the end cap 31 by bonding, coating or other means.
  • the avoidance structure 35 a may include a hole, a groove, a notch or other structures, which may provide space for the detection component 34 and reduce interference between the insulating member 35 and the detection component 34 .
  • the avoidance structure 35 a may avoid only a portion of the detection component 34 , or may avoid the entire detection component 34 .
  • the detection assembly 34 may be located entirely on the side of the end cap 31 away from the electrode assembly 10, or only partially on the side of the end cap 31 away from the electrode assembly 10. Exemplarily, a portion of the detection assembly 34 may pass through the end cap 31 and extend into the housing 20 of the battery cell 6 to detect the internal status information of the battery cell 6.
  • the detection component 34 can detect the status information of the battery cell 6 in real time, thereby regulating the battery cell 6 according to the status information of the battery cell 6, improving the cycle performance of the battery cell 6, reducing safety risks, and extending the cycle life of the battery cell 6.
  • the risk of interference between the detection component 34 and the insulating member 35 is reduced, and the connection strength between the insulating member 35 and the end cover 31 and the detection accuracy of the detection component 34 are improved.
  • the state information includes at least one of the temperature of the battery cell 6 , the voltage of the battery cell 6 , the deformation amount of the end cover 31 , and the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 .
  • the detection component 34 can detect the temperature of the end cap 31, and use the detected temperature as the temperature of the battery cell 6.
  • the detection component 34 can include a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor can be against the end cap 31 to detect the temperature of the end cap 31; alternatively, the temperature sensor can also be connected to the end cap 31 through a thermally conductive adhesive to detect the temperature of the end cap 31.
  • the detection component 34 may include a voltage sensor, which may be electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 6 to detect the voltage of the battery cell 6 .
  • the detection assembly 34 may include a displacement sensor, which may be abutted against the end cap 31.
  • the displacement sensor may measure the deformation of the end cap 31 during the charge and discharge process of the battery cell 6.
  • the detection assembly 34 may calculate the change in the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 by detecting the deformation of the end cap 31.
  • the avoidance structure 35 a exposes at least a portion of the detection component 34 to facilitate the connection of the detection component 34 with a device outside the battery cell 6 .
  • the portion of the detection component 34 exposed via the avoidance structure 35 a may be connected to a control device of the battery via a cable.
  • the end cap 31 has a recess 311, which is recessed relative to the surface of the end cap 31 facing away from the electrode assembly 10. At least a portion of the detection assembly 34 is accommodated in the recess 311.
  • the size of the detection component 34 protruding from the surface of the end cover 31 facing away from the electrode assembly 10 can be reduced, the space occupied by the end cover assembly 30 can be reduced, the energy density of the battery cell 6 can be increased, and the risk of interference between the detection component 34 and the insulating member 35 can be reduced.
  • the end cap assembly 30 further includes a first electrode terminal 32 and a second electrode terminal 33 with opposite polarities, and the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are mounted on the end cap 31.
  • the detection assembly 34 is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33.
  • the detection component 34 can detect the potential of the first electrode terminal 32 and the potential of the second electrode terminal 33 , thereby obtaining the voltage of the battery cell 6 and monitoring the working state of the battery cell 6 .
  • the end cap 31 is provided with two terminal holes 312, and the two terminal holes 312 pass through the end cap 31.
  • the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are respectively installed in the two terminal holes 312.
  • the detection assembly 34 includes a chip 341, a first wire harness 342 and a second wire harness 343.
  • the chip 341 is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 32 through the first wire harness 342 and to the second electrode terminal 33 through the second wire harness 343.
  • the avoidance structure 35a exposes at least part of the chip 341.
  • the first wire harness 342 can transmit the potential signal of the first electrode terminal 32 to the chip 341, and the second wire harness 343 can transmit the potential signal of the second electrode terminal 33 to the chip 341.
  • the chip 341 can calculate the voltage of the battery cell 6 according to the potential signal of the first electrode terminal 32 and the potential signal of the second electrode terminal 33.
  • the avoidance structure 35a exposes at least part of the chip 341 so that the chip 341 can feed back the voltage signal to the control device outside the battery cell 6.
  • the control device can feedback and adjust the working state of the battery cell 6 according to the voltage signal detected by the chip 341 to improve the charging and discharging performance of the battery cell 6.
  • the chip 341 includes a voltage sensor.
  • the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the first wiring harness 342 and the second wiring harness 343.
  • the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 32 through the first wiring harness 342 and to the second electrode terminal 33 through the second wiring harness 343, thereby detecting the potential difference between the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 to obtain the current operating voltage of the battery cell 6.
  • the chip 341 includes a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is connected to the end cap 31.
  • the temperature sensor can be directly connected to the end cap 31, or indirectly connected to the end cap 31 through a heat conductive structure (such as heat conductive glue).
  • the temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the end cap 31 to obtain the current operating temperature of the battery cell 6, so that the control device can adjust the working state of the battery cell 6.
  • the chip 341 includes a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is connected to the end cap 31.
  • the displacement sensor can measure the deformation of the end cap 31 during the charge and discharge process of the battery cell 6. By detecting the deformation of the end cap 31, the change in the internal pressure of the battery cell 6 can also be calculated.
  • the end cap 31 has a recess 311 that is recessed relative to a surface of the end cap 31 that faces away from the electrode assembly 10. At least a portion of the first wire harness 342, at least a portion of the second wire harness 343, and at least a portion of the chip 341 are accommodated in the recess 311.
  • the recess 311 can provide accommodation space for the first wiring harness 342, the second wiring harness 343 and the chip 341, thereby reducing the space occupied by the end cover assembly 30, improving the energy density of the battery cell 6, and reducing the risk of interference between the detection assembly 34 and the insulating member 35.
  • the recess 311 includes a first accommodating area 311a, a second accommodating area 311b and a third accommodating area 311c, at least a portion of the chip 341 is accommodated in the third accommodating area 311c, the first accommodating area 311a and the second accommodating area 311b are respectively located on both sides of the third accommodating area 311c, at least a portion of the first wiring harness 342 is accommodated in the first accommodating area 311a, and at least a portion of the second wiring harness 343 is accommodated in the second accommodating area 311b.
  • the first receiving area 311a and the second receiving area 311b are in a strip shape.
  • one end of the first receiving area 311 a away from the third receiving area 311 c communicates with the terminal hole 312 where the first electrode terminal 32 is installed to guide the first wire harness 342 to be connected to the first electrode terminal 32 .
  • one end of the second accommodating area 311 b away from the third accommodating area 311 c communicates with the terminal hole 312 where the second electrode terminal 33 is installed to guide the second wire harness 343 to be connected to the second electrode terminal 33 .
  • the insulation 35 covers at least a portion of the first wire harness 342 .
  • the insulating member 35 may completely cover the first wire harness 342 , or may only cover a portion of the first wire harness 342 .
  • the insulating member 35 can protect the first wire harness 342 from the outside, reduce the risk of the first wire harness 342 being damaged by external devices, reduce leakage, and improve insulation.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an end cap assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the insulating member 35 abuts against the first wire harness 342 .
  • the insulating member 35 can limit the first wiring harness 342 in the thickness direction Z to reduce the movement of the first wiring harness 342 when the battery cell 6 is subjected to external impact, reduce the force applied to the first wiring harness 342 , and reduce the risk of breakage at the connection between the first wiring harness 342 and the chip 341 .
  • the insulating member 35 abuts against the second wire harness 343 .
  • the insulating member 35 covers the first receiving area 311 a to restrict movement of a portion of the first wire harness 342 received in the first receiving area 311 a .
  • the insulating member 35 covers the second receiving area 311 b to restrict movement of a portion of the second wire harness 343 received in the second receiving area 311 b .
  • the insulating member 35 includes a base layer 351 and an adhesive layer 352, wherein the adhesive layer 352 is located between the end cap 31 and the base layer 351 and bonds the end cap 31 and the base layer 351.
  • the adhesive layer 352 is located between the end cap 31 and the base layer 351 and bonds the end cap 31 and the base layer 351.
  • the adhesive layer 352 is bonded to the first wire harness 342.
  • the adhesive layer 352 can fix the first wire harness 342 to reduce movement of the first wire harness 342 in the recess 311 when the battery cell 6 is subjected to external impact.
  • the insulating member 35 is in the form of a sheet.
  • the shape of the base layer 351 is the same as the shape of the adhesive layer 352 .
  • the insulating member 35 further includes a first through hole 353 , and the first electrode terminal 32 passes through the insulating member 35 via the first through hole 353 .
  • the first through hole 353 penetrates both the base layer 351 and the adhesive layer 352 , and includes a first outer hole section 353 a located in the base layer 351 and a first inner hole section 353 b located in the adhesive layer 352 .
  • the insulating member 35 further includes a second through hole 354, and the second electrode terminal 33 passes through the insulating member 35 via the second through hole 354.
  • the second through hole 354 penetrates both the base layer 351 and the adhesive layer 352 , and includes a second outer hole section 354 a located in the base layer 351 and a second inner hole section 354 b located in the adhesive layer 352 .
  • the end cap assembly 30 further includes a pressure relief mechanism 36 disposed on the end cap 31.
  • the insulating member 35 further includes a third through hole 355, and the third through hole 355 exposes the pressure relief mechanism 36.
  • the battery cell 6 When the battery cell 6 is in thermal runaway, the battery cell 6 releases the internal substances through the pressure relief mechanism 36, and the third through hole 355 can avoid the pressure relief mechanism 36, so that the internal substances can be discharged smoothly.
  • the third through hole 355 penetrates both the base layer 351 and the adhesive layer 352 , and includes a third outer hole section 355 a located in the base layer 351 and a third inner hole section 355 b located in the adhesive layer 352 .
  • the avoidance structure 35 a includes a first hole 356 penetrating the base layer 351 and a second hole 357 penetrating the adhesive layer 352 .
  • the first hole 356 and the second hole 357 are located opposite to each other and have the same shape.
  • the chip 341 is exposed through the first hole 356 and the second hole 357 .
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded schematic diagram of an end cover assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an end cover assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the avoidance structure 35a includes a first hole 356 penetrating the base layer 351 and a second hole 357 penetrating the adhesive layer 352, and the second hole 357 includes a first area 357a corresponding to the first hole 356 and a second area 357b covered by the base layer 351.
  • a portion of the chip 341 is accommodated in the first area 357a and the first hole 356, and a portion of the first wiring harness 342 is accommodated in the second area 357b.
  • the first hole 356 and the first region 357 a are located opposite to each other, and the chip 341 may be exposed through the first region 357 a and the first hole 356 .
  • the embodiment of the present application forms a second area 357b capable of accommodating the first wiring harness 342 by removing part of the adhesive layer 352, thereby reducing the depth requirement of the recess 311.
  • the base layer 351 can cover the first wiring harness 342, reduce the risk of the first wiring harness 342 being damaged by external devices, reduce leakage, and improve insulation.
  • the first hole 356 has the same shape as the first region 357a.
  • the shape of the second hole 357 is similar to the shape of the recess 311 .
  • the base layer 351 abuts against the first wire bundle 342 to limit the movement of the first wire bundle 342 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the adhesive layer 352 does not overlap the recess 311 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 31.
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the adhesive layer 352 overflowing into the recess 311, and reduce the risk of interference between the adhesive layer 352 and the detection component 34 in the recess 311.
  • the second hole 357 further includes a third region 357c, which is located on a side of the first region 357a away from the second region 357b and is covered by the base layer 351. A portion of the second wire harness 343 is accommodated in the third region 357c.
  • the second region 357b is connected to the first inner bore section 353b.
  • the third region 357c is connected to the second inner bore section 354b.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an end cover assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded schematic diagram of the end cover assembly shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the avoidance structure 35 a exposes a portion of the first wire harness 342 corresponding to the recess 311 and a portion of the second wire harness 343 corresponding to the recess 311 .
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the requirement for the depth of the recess 311. Even if the first wiring harness 342 and the second wiring harness 343 protrude out of the recess 311, the avoidance structure 35a can also avoid the first wiring harness 342 and the second wiring harness 343, thereby reducing the risk of interference between the insulating member 35 and the first wiring harness 342 and the risk of interference between the insulating member 35 and the second wiring harness 343.
  • the shape of the avoiding structure 35 a is similar to the shape of the recess 311 .
  • the insulating member 35 further includes a first through hole 353 , and the first electrode terminal 32 passes through the insulating member 35 via the first through hole 353 .
  • the avoiding structure 35 a is in communication with the first through hole 353 .
  • the first wire harness 342 can enter the first through hole 353 via the avoidance structure 35a to facilitate connection with the first electrode terminal 32 installed in the first through hole 353, thereby reducing the risk of interference between the first wire harness 342 and the insulating member 35.
  • the avoidance structure 35a includes a first hole 356 penetrating the base layer 351 and a second hole 357 penetrating the adhesive layer 352.
  • the first hole 356 and the second hole 357 are oppositely located and have the same shape.
  • the chip 341, the first wire harness 342, and the second wire harness 343 are exposed through the first hole 356 and the second hole 357.
  • the first hole 356 is connected to the first outer hole section 353a and the second outer hole section 354a; the second hole 357 is connected to the first inner hole section 353b and the second inner hole section 354b.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded schematic diagram of an end cover assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of the detection assembly shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the first hole 356 is simultaneously connected to the first outer hole segment 353a, the second outer hole segment 354a and the third outer hole segment 355a.
  • the second hole 357 is simultaneously connected to the first inner hole segment 353b, the second inner hole segment 354b and the third inner hole segment 355b.
  • the first wiring harness 342 includes a first wiring harness segment 342a, a second wiring harness segment 342b and a connector 342c.
  • the first wiring harness segment 342a is connected to the chip 341
  • the second wiring harness segment 342b is connected to the first electrode terminal 32
  • the connector 342c is used to connect the first wiring harness segment 342a and the second wiring harness segment 342b.
  • the assembly process of the detection component 34 can be simplified, and the maintenance and replacement of the detection component 34 can be facilitated.
  • the first wire harness segment 342a can be connected to the chip 341
  • the second wire harness segment 342b can be connected to the first electrode terminal 32
  • the chip 341 and the first electrode terminal 32 can be installed on the end cap 31 respectively
  • the first wire harness segment 342a and the second wire harness segment 342b can be connected by using the connector 342c.
  • the connector 342c can be disconnected to disconnect the chip 341 from the first electrode terminal 32, so as to facilitate the replacement or repair of the chip 341.
  • the portion of the recess 311 for accommodating the connector 342c may be widened.
  • the connector 342c includes a plug and a socket, one of which is connected to the first wiring harness segment 342a and the other of which is connected to the second wiring harness segment 342b.
  • the second wiring harness 343 includes a third wiring harness segment 343a, a fourth wiring harness segment 343b, and a connector 343c, wherein the third wiring harness segment 343a is connected to the chip 341, the fourth wiring harness segment 343b is connected to the second electrode terminal 33, and the connector 343c is used to connect the third wiring harness segment 343a and the fourth wiring harness segment 343b.
  • the connector 343c of the second wiring harness 343 may be the same as or different from the connector 343c of the first wiring harness 342.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an end cover of an end cover assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end cover shown in FIG16 at another angle.
  • the end cover 31 is provided with a convex portion 313 on a side facing the electrode assembly 10 , and the convex portion 313 corresponds to the position of the concave portion 311 .
  • the strength of the end cover 31 at the portion corresponding to the concave portion 311 can be increased, reducing the risk of rupture of the end cover 31.
  • the depth of the concave portion 311 can be increased, thereby providing more accommodation space for the detection component 34, reducing the overall size of the battery cell 6, and improving the energy density.
  • the present application further provides a battery cell, which includes a housing, an electrode assembly, and an end cap assembly of any of the above embodiments.
  • the housing has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing.
  • the end cap of the end cap assembly is used to cover the opening.
  • the present application also provides a battery, comprising a plurality of battery cells according to any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application further provides an electric device, comprising a battery cell of any of the above embodiments, the battery cell is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electric device can be any of the above equipment or systems using the battery cell.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide an end cap assembly 30 of a battery cell, which includes an end cap 31 , a detection assembly 34 , an insulating member 35 , a first electrode terminal 32 , and a second electrode terminal 33 .
  • the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are mounted on the end cap 31 .
  • the detection component 34 includes a chip 341, a first wire harness 342, and a second wire harness 343.
  • the chip 341 is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 32 through the first wire harness 342, and is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal 33 through the second wire harness 343.
  • the chip 341 can detect the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 through the first wire harness 342 and the second wire harness 343, thereby obtaining the operating voltage of the battery cell 6.
  • the end cap 31 has a recess 311 that is recessed relative to a surface of the end cap 31 that faces away from the electrode assembly 10 . At least a portion of the first wire harness 342 , at least a portion of the second wire harness 343 , and at least a portion of the chip 341 are accommodated in the recess 311 .
  • the insulating member 35 includes a base layer 351 and an adhesive layer 352, and the adhesive layer 352 is located between the end cap 31 and the base layer 351 and adheres the end cap 31 and the base layer 351.
  • the insulating member 35 includes a first hole 356 penetrating the base layer 351 and a second hole 357 penetrating the adhesive layer 352.
  • the chip 341 is exposed through the first hole 356 and the second hole 357.
  • the base layer 351 covers the portion of the first wire harness 342 accommodated in the recess 311 and the portion of the second wire harness 343 accommodated in the recess 311.

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。端盖组件包括端盖、检测组件和绝缘件。检测组件设置于端盖并用于检测电池单体的状态信息。绝缘件附接于端盖的背离电池单体的电极组件的表面，绝缘件设有避让结构，避让结构用于避让检测组件的至少部分。通过在绝缘件上开设避让结构，以降低检测组件与绝缘件干涉的风险，提高绝缘件和端盖的连接强度以及检测组件检测的精度。

Description

电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
如何提高电池单体的安全性，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置，其能提高安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的端盖组件，其包括端盖、检测组件和绝缘件。检测组件设置于端盖并用于检测电池单体的状态信息。绝缘件附接于端盖的背离电池单体的电极组件的表面，绝缘件设有避让结构，避让结构用于避让检测组件的至少部分。
检测组件可实时检测电池单体的状态信息，从而根据电池单体的状态信息对电池单体进行调控，改善电池单体的循环性能，降低安全风险，延长电池单体的循环寿命。通过在绝缘件上开设避让结构，以降低检测组件与绝缘件干涉的风险，提高绝缘件和端盖的连接强度以及检测组件检测的精度。
在一些实施例中，状态信息包括电池单体的温度、电池单体的电压、端盖的变形量以及电池单体的内部压强中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，避让结构将检测组件的至少部分露出，以便于检测组件与电池单体外部的器件连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖具有凹部，凹部相对于端盖的背离电极组件的表面凹陷。检测组件的至少部分容纳于凹部。
通过在端盖上设置凹部，可减小检测组件的凸出于端盖的背离电极组件的表面的尺寸，降低端盖组件占用的空间，提高电池单体的能量密度，并降低检测组件与绝缘件干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，端盖在面向电极组件的一侧设有凸部，凸部与凹部的位置相对应。
通过设置凸部，可以增大端盖在与凹部对应的部分的强度，降低端盖破裂的风险。在满足强度要求的前提下，通过设置凸部，可以增大凹部的深度，从而为检测组件提供更多的容纳空间，减小电池单体的整体尺寸，提高能量密度。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括极性相反的第一电极端子和第二电极端子，第一电极端子和第二电极端子安装于端盖；检测组件电连接于第一电极端子和第二电极端子。
检测组件可检测第一电极端子的电位和第二电极端子的电位，从而得到电池单体的电压，监控电池单体的工作状态。
在一些实施例中，检测组件包括芯片、第一线束和第二线束，芯片通过第一线束电连接于第一电极端子，通过第二线束电连接于第二电极端子。避让结构将芯片的至少部分露出。
第一线束可将第一电极端子的电位信号传输至芯片，第二线束可将第二电极端子的电位信号传输至芯片，芯片可根据第一电极端子的电位信号和第二电极端子的电位信号计算出电池单体的电压。避让结构将芯片的至少部分露出，以便于芯片将电压信号反馈到电池单体外部的控制器件。
在一些实施例中，端盖具有凹部，凹部相对于端盖的背离电极组件的表面凹陷。第一线束的至少部分、第二线束的至少部分以及芯片的至少部分容纳于凹部。
凹部可为第一线束、第二线束和芯片提供容纳空间，从而减小端盖组件占用的空间，提高电池单体的能量密度，并降低检测组件与绝缘件干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，避让结构将第一线束的与凹部对应的部分和第二线束的与凹部对应的露出。
本申请实施例可以减小对凹部深度的要求，即使第一线束和第二线束凸出到凹部外，避让结构也可以避让第一线束和第二线束，降低绝缘件与第一线束干涉的风险和绝缘件与第二线束干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件覆盖第一线束的至少部分。绝缘件可以从外侧保护第一线束，降低第一线束被外部器件损伤的风险，减少漏电，提高绝缘性。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，绝缘件与第一线束相抵。绝缘件可以在厚度方向上限制第一线束，以在电池单体受到外部冲击时减小第一线束的窜动，降低第一线束受到的力，降低第一线束与芯片的连接处断裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括基层和粘接层，粘接层位于端盖和基层之间并粘接端盖和基层。通过设置粘接层，可简化绝缘件和端盖的装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，避让结构包括贯通基层的第一孔和贯通粘接层的第二孔，第二孔包括与第一孔相对应的第一区域和被基层覆盖的第二区域。芯片的一部分容纳于第一区域和第一孔，第一线束的一部分容纳于第二区域。
通过去除部分的粘接层，以形成能够容纳第一线束的第二区域，进而减小对凹部的深度的要求。基层可以覆盖第一线束，降低第一线束被外部器件损伤的风险，减少漏电，提高绝缘性。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，粘接层与凹部不重叠。本申请实施例 可以减少溢流到凹部内的粘接层，降低粘接层与凹部内的检测组件干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一线束包括第一线束段、第二线束段以及连接器，第一线束段连接于芯片，第二线束段连接于第一电极端子，连接器用于连接第一线束段和第二线束段。通过设置连接器，可简化检测组件的装配工艺，便于实现检测组件的维修和更换。
在一些实施例中，芯片包括电压传感器、温度传感器和位移传感器，电压传感器电连接于第一线束和第二线束，温度传感器和位移传感器均与端盖相连。芯片可以检测电池单体的温度、端盖的形变和电压。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件还包括第一通孔，第一电极端子经由第一通孔穿过绝缘件。避让结构与第一通孔连通。第一线束可以经由避让结构进入第一通孔，以便于与安装于第一通孔的第一电极端子连接，降低第一线束与绝缘件干涉的风险。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件和端盖组件。壳体具有开口。电极组件容纳于壳体内。端盖组件的端盖用于盖合开口。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第二方面任一实施例的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了用电装置，包括第三方面任一实施例提供的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的立体结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图6为图5所示的端盖组件的一爆炸示意图；
图7为图6在圆框A处的放大示意图；
图8为图5所示的端盖组件的另一爆炸示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的断面示意图；
图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；
图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的断面示意图；
图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图13为图12所示的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；
图14为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；
图15为图14所示的检测组件的结构示意图；
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的端盖的一结构示意图；
图17为图16所示的端盖在另一角度的结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极涂覆区和连接于正极涂覆区的正极极耳，正极涂覆区涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极涂覆区和连接于负极涂覆区的负极极耳，负极涂覆区涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖盖合于壳体的开口，以与壳体围合形成用于容纳电极组件的容纳腔。壳体和端盖可以从外侧保护电极组件，以避免外部的异物影响电极组件的充电或放电。
在电池单体的循环过程中，可能会出现异常状况。比如，电池单体在经过多次充放电循环后，电池单体内部可能会发生副反应并持续产生气体，气体会增大电池单体内部的气压，进而引发外壳变形、破裂的风险。再比如，电池单体内部出现短路时，电池单体产热升温，进而引发电池单体热失控的风险。
在电池的使用过程中，如果不能检测到电池单体的异常情况并及时处理，那么将会导致电池单体恶化，引发安全事故。
发明人尝试在端盖上安装检测组件，检测组件可实时检测电池单体的状态信息，从而根据电池单体的状态信息对电池单体进行调控，改善电池单体的循环性能，降低安全风险，延长电池单体的循环寿命。
为了提升电池单体的安全性，发明人会在端盖的表面附接绝缘件；绝缘件可将端盖与电池单体外部的其它部件隔开，以降低短路风险。
然而，发明人发现，将检测组件安装到端盖上，会造成检测组件与绝缘件干涉的风险。如果先安装检测组件，再安装绝缘件，那么检测组件容易与绝缘件干涉，造成绝缘件翘起且难以和端盖紧密贴合。如果先安装绝缘件，再安装检测组件，那么绝缘件会将检测组件和端盖隔开，造成检测组件难以准确地检测端盖的状态，导致检测 的精度下降。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，其通过在绝缘件上开设避让结构，以降低检测组件与绝缘件干涉的风险，提高绝缘件和端盖的连接强度以及检测组件检测的精度。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体6(未示出)，电池单体6容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体6，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体6可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体6为多个， 多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的立体结构示意图；图4为图3所示的电池单体的爆炸示意图。
如图3和图4所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体6，其包括电极组件10、壳体20和端盖组件30。壳体20具有开口。电极组件10容纳于壳体20内。端盖组件30用于盖合开口。
电极组件10包括正极极片和负极极片。示例性地，电极组件10通过离子在正极极片和负极极片中的嵌入/脱出时的氧化和还原反应来产生电能。可选地，电极组件10还包括隔离膜，隔离膜用于将正极极片和负极极片绝缘隔离。
电极组件10可以是卷绕式电极组件、叠片式电极组件或其它类型的电极组件。
电极组件10可以为一个，也可以为多个。当电极组件10为多个时，多个电极组件10可以层叠布置。
壳体20为空心结构。壳体20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体；若电极组件10为圆柱结构，则可选用圆柱壳体。
壳体20的材质可以是多种，比如，壳体20的材质可以是金属或塑料。可选地，壳体20的材质可以是铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在一些实施例中，壳体20的一端设置有开口，端盖组件30为一个并盖合于开口。在另一些实施例中，壳体20相对的两端均具有开口，端盖组件30设置为两个，两个端盖组件30分别盖合于壳体20两端的开口。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件30包括端盖31，端盖31用于盖合壳体20的开口。端盖31的形状可以与壳体20的形状相适应以配合壳体20。可选地，端盖31可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖31在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体6能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。
端盖31和壳体20围合形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件30还包括设置于端盖31的第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33。
第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33的极性相反。例如，若第一电极端子32为正极端子，则第二电极端子33为负极端子；若第一电极端子32为负极端子，则第二电极端子33为正极端子。
第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33用于将电极组件10与电池单体6外部的电路电连接，以实现电极组件10的充放电。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；图6为图5所示的端盖组件的一爆炸示意图；图7为图6在圆框A处的放大示意图；图8为图5所示的端盖组件的另一爆炸示意图。
如图5至图8所示，本申请实施例的端盖组件30包括端盖31、检测组件34和绝缘件35。检测组件34设置于端盖31并用于检测电池单体6的状态信息。绝缘件35附接于端盖31的背离电池单体6的电极组件10的表面，绝缘件35设有避让结构35a，避让结构35a用于避让检测组件34的至少部分。
电池单体6的状态信息为表征电池单体6的工作状态的信息，示例性地，电池单体6的状态信息可包括电池单体6的温度、电池单体6的电压、端盖31的变形量、电池单体6的内部压强、电池单体6内部的气体成分、电极组件10的变形量、电极组件10内部枝晶生长状况以及电池单体6内部的电量中的至少一种。
“附接”可指贴附并连接。示例性地，绝缘件35可通过粘接、涂覆或其它方式附接到端盖31的表面。
避让结构35a可包括孔、槽、缺口或其它结构，其可以为检测组件34提供空间，减少绝缘件35和检测组件34之间的干涉。
避让结构35a可以仅避让检测组件34的一部分，也可以避让检测组件34的整体。
检测组件34可以整体位于端盖31背离电极组件10的一侧，也可仅部分位于端盖31背离电极组件10的一侧。示例性地，检测组件34的一部分可以穿过端盖31并延伸到电池单体6的壳体20内，以检测电池单体6内部的状态信息。
在本申请实施例中，检测组件34可实时检测电池单体6的状态信息，从而根据电池单体6的状态信息对电池单体6进行调控，改善电池单体6的循环性能，降低安全风险，延长电池单体6的循环寿命。通过在绝缘件35上开设避让结构35a，以降低检测组件34与绝缘件35干涉的风险，提高绝缘件35和端盖31的连接强度以及检测组件34检测的精度。
在一些实施例中，状态信息包括电池单体6的温度、电池单体6的电压、端盖31的变形量以及电池单体6的内部压强中的至少一种。
示例性地，检测组件34可检测端盖31的温度，并将检测到的温度作为电池单体6的温度。例如，检测组件34可包括温度传感器，温度传感器可以与端盖31相抵，以检测端盖31的温度；可替代地，温度传感器也可通过导热胶连接到端盖31，以检测端盖31的温度。
示例性地，检测组件34可包括电压传感器，电压传感器可电连接到电池单体6的正极端子和负极端子，以检测电池单体6的电压。
示例性地，检测组件34可包括位移传感器，位移传感器可与端盖31相抵。位移传感器可测量端盖31在电池单体6的充放电过程中的变形。示例性地，检测组件34可通过检测端盖31的变形量，来计算电池单体6的内部压强的变化。
在一些实施例中，避让结构35a将检测组件34的至少部分露出，以便于检测组件34与电池单体6外部的器件连接。
示例性地，检测组件34的经由避让结构35a露出的部分可通过线缆连接到电池的控制器件。
在一些实施例中，端盖31具有凹部311，凹部311相对于端盖31的背离电极 组件10的表面凹陷。检测组件34的至少部分容纳于凹部311。
通过在端盖31上设置凹部311，可减小检测组件34的凸出于端盖31的背离电极组件10的表面的尺寸，降低端盖组件30占用的空间，提高电池单体6的能量密度，并降低检测组件34与绝缘件35干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件30还包括极性相反的第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33，第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33安装于端盖31。检测组件34电连接于第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33。
检测组件34可检测第一电极端子32的电位和第二电极端子33的电位，从而得到电池单体6的电压，监控电池单体6的工作状态。
在一些实施例中，端盖31设有两个端子孔312，两个端子孔312贯通端盖31。第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33分别安装于两个端子孔312。通过设置端子孔312，可实现第一电极端子32与电极组件10的电连接和第二电极端子33与电极组件10的电连接。
在一些实施例中，检测组件34包括芯片341、第一线束342和第二线束343，芯片341通过第一线束342电连接于第一电极端子32，通过第二线束343电连接于第二电极端子33。避让结构35a将芯片341的至少部分露出。
第一线束342可将第一电极端子32的电位信号传输至芯片341，第二线束343可将第二电极端子33的电位信号传输至芯片341，芯片341可根据第一电极端子32的电位信号和第二电极端子33的电位信号计算出电池单体6的电压。避让结构35a将芯片341的至少部分露出，以便于芯片341将电压信号反馈到电池单体6外部的控制器件。
控制器件可根据芯片341检测到的电压信号，反馈调节电池单体6的工作状态，改善电池单体6的充放电性能。
在一些实施例中，芯片341包括电压传感器。电压传感器电连接于第一线束342和第二线束343。电压传感器通过第一线束342电连接于第一电极端子32、通过第二线束343电连接于第二电极端子33，从而检测第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33的电位差，得到电池单体6的当前工作电压。
在一些实施例中，芯片341包括温度传感器，温度传感器与端盖31相连。温度传感器可与端盖31直接相连，也可通过导热结构(例如导热胶)间接地连接于端盖31。温度传感器可检测端盖31的温度，以得到电池单体6的当前工作温度，便于控制器件调整电池单体6的工作状态。
在一些实施例中，芯片341包括位移传感器，位移传感器均与端盖31相连。位移传感器可测量端盖31在电池单体6的充放电过程中的变形。通过检测端盖31的变形量，也可计算出电池单体6的内部压强的变化。
在一些实施例中，端盖31具有凹部311，凹部311相对于端盖31的背离电极组件10的表面凹陷。第一线束342的至少部分、第二线束343的至少部分以及芯片341的至少部分容纳于凹部311。
凹部311可为第一线束342、第二线束343和芯片341提供容纳空间，从而减 小端盖组件30占用的空间，提高电池单体6的能量密度，并降低检测组件34与绝缘件35干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，凹部311包括第一容纳区311a、第二容纳区311b和第三容纳区311c，芯片341的至少部分容纳于第三容纳区311c，第一容纳区311a和第二容纳区311b分别位于第三容纳区311c的两侧，第一线束342的至少部分容纳于第一容纳区311a，第二线束343的至少部分容纳于第二容纳区311b。
在一些实施例中，第一容纳区311a和第二容纳区311b为条形。
在一些实施例中，第一容纳区311a远离第三容纳区311c的一端与安装有第一电极端子32的端子孔312连通，以引导第一线束342与第一电极端子32连接。
在一些实施例中，第二容纳区311b远离第三容纳区311c的一端与安装有第二电极端子33的端子孔312连通，以引导第二线束343与第二电极端子33连接。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35覆盖第一线束342的至少部分。
绝缘件35可以完全覆盖第一线束342，也可以仅覆盖第一线束342的一部分。
绝缘件35可以从外侧保护第一线束342，降低第一线束342被外部器件损伤的风险，减少漏电，提高绝缘性。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的断面示意图。
请一并参照图5至图9，在一些实施例中，在端盖31的厚度方向Z上，绝缘件35与第一线束342相抵。
绝缘件35可以在厚度方向Z上限制第一线束342，以在电池单体6受到外部冲击时减小第一线束342的窜动，降低第一线束342受到的力，降低第一线束342与芯片341的连接处断裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，在端盖31的厚度方向Z上，绝缘件35与第二线束343相抵。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35覆盖第一容纳区311a，以限制第一线束342的容纳于第一容纳区311a的部分的窜动。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35覆盖第二容纳区311b，以限制第二线束343的容纳于第二容纳区311b的部分的窜动。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35包括基层351和粘接层352，粘接层352位于端盖31和基层351之间并粘接端盖31和基层351。通过设置粘接层352，可简化绝缘件35和端盖31的装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，粘接层352粘接于第一线束342。粘接层352可以固定第一线束342，以在电池单体6受到外部冲击时减小第一线束342在凹部311内的窜动。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35为片状。
在一些实施例中，基层351的形状和粘接层352的形状相同。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35还包括第一通孔353，第一电极端子32经由第一通孔353穿过绝缘件35。
第一通孔353同时贯通基层351和粘接层352，其包括位于基层351的第一外孔段353a和位于粘接层352的第一内孔段353b。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35还包括第二通孔354，第二电极端子33经由第二 通孔354穿过绝缘件35。
第二通孔354同时贯通基层351和粘接层352，其包括位于基层351的第二外孔段354a和位于粘接层352的第二内孔段354b。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件30还包括设于端盖31的泄压机构36。绝缘件35还包括第三通孔355，第三通孔355将泄压机构36露出。在电池单体6热失控时，电池单体6经由泄压机构36泄放内部物质，第三通孔355可以避让泄压机构36，以使内部物质能够顺畅排出。
第三通孔355同时贯通基层351和粘接层352，其包括位于基层351的第三外孔段355a和位于粘接层352的第三内孔段355b。
在一些实施例中，避让结构35a包括贯通基层351的第一孔356和贯通粘接层352的第二孔357。
在一些实施例中，第一孔356和第二孔357位置相对且形状相同。芯片341经由第一孔356和第二孔357露出。
图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的断面示意图。
如图10和图11所示，在一些实施例中，避让结构35a包括贯通基层351的第一孔356和贯通粘接层352的第二孔357，第二孔357包括与第一孔356相对应的第一区域357a和被基层351覆盖的第二区域357b。芯片341的一部分容纳于第一区域357a和第一孔356，第一线束342的一部分容纳于第二区域357b。
第一孔356和第一区域357a位置相对，芯片341可经由第一区域357a和第一孔356露出。
本申请实施例通过去除部分的粘接层352，以形成能够容纳第一线束342的第二区域357b，进而减小对凹部311的深度的要求。基层351可以覆盖第一线束342，降低第一线束342被外部器件损伤的风险，减少漏电，提高绝缘性。
在一些实施例中，第一孔356与第一区域357a的形状相同。
在一些实施例中，第二孔357的形状与凹部311的形状相仿。
在一些实施例中，基层351与第一线束342相抵，以限制第一线束342在厚度方向Z的窜动。
在一些实施例中，在端盖31的厚度方向Z上，粘接层352与凹部311不重叠。本申请实施例可以减少溢流到凹部311内的粘接层352，降低粘接层352与凹部311内的检测组件34干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二孔357还包括第三区域357c，第三区域357c位于第一区域357a的背离第二区域357b的一侧，且被基层351覆盖。第二线束343的一部分容纳于第三区域357c。
在一些实施例中，第二区域357b连通于第一内孔段353b。第三区域357c连通于第二内孔段354b。
图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；图13为图12所示的端盖组件的爆炸示意图。
如图12和图13所示，在一些实施例中，避让结构35a将第一线束342的与凹部311对应的部分和第二线束343的与凹部311对应的露出。
本申请实施例可以减小对凹部311深度的要求，即使第一线束342和第二线束343凸出到凹部311外，避让结构35a也可以避让第一线束342和第二线束343，降低绝缘件35与第一线束342干涉的风险和绝缘件35与第二线束343干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，避让结构35a的形状与凹部311的形状相仿。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件35还包括第一通孔353，第一电极端子32经由第一通孔353穿过绝缘件35。避让结构35a与第一通孔353连通。
在本申请实施例中，第一线束342可以经由避让结构35a进入第一通孔353，以便于与安装于第一通孔353的第一电极端子32连接，降低第一线束342与绝缘件35干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，避让结构35a包括贯通基层351的第一孔356和贯通粘接层352的第二孔357。第一孔356和第二孔357位置相对且形状相同。芯片341、第一线束342以及第二线束343经由第一孔356和第二孔357露出。
在一些实施例中，第一孔356连通于第一外孔段353a和第二外孔段354a；第二孔357连通于第一内孔段353b和第二内孔段354b。
图14为本申请另一些实施例提供的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；图15为图14所示的检测组件的结构示意图。
如图14和图15所示，在一些实施例中，第一孔356同时连通于第一外孔段353a、第二外孔段354a和第三外孔段355a。第二孔357同时连通于第一内孔段353b、第二内孔段354b和第三内孔段355b。本申请实施例可以简化绝缘件35的成型工艺。
在一些实施例中，第一线束342包括第一线束段342a、第二线束段342b以及连接器342c，第一线束段342a连接于芯片341，第二线束段342b连接于第一电极端子32，连接器342c用于连接第一线束段342a和第二线束段342b。
通过设置连接器342c，可简化检测组件34的装配工艺，便于实现检测组件34的维修和更换。
示例性地，在装配端盖组件30时，可先将第一线束段342a连接到芯片341、将第二线束段342b连接到第一电极端子32，然后分别将芯片341和第一电极端子32安装到端盖31，最后利用连接器342c连接第一线束段342a和第二线束段342b即可。当芯片341出现故障时，断开连接器342c，即可断开芯片341与第一电极端子32的连接，便于更换或维修芯片341。
在一些实施例中，凹部311的用于容纳连接器342c的部分可以加宽。
在一些实施例中，连接器342c包括插头和插座，插头和插座的一者连接到第一线束段342a，另一者连接到第二线束段342b。
在一些实施例中，第二线束343包括第三线束段343a、第四线束段343b以及连接器343c，第三线束段343a连接于芯片341，第四线束段343b连接于第二电极端子33，连接器343c用于连接第三线束段343a和第四线束段343b。第二线束343的连接器343c与第一线束342的连接器343c可以相同，也可以不同。
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的端盖的一结构示意图；图17为图16所示的端盖在另一角度的结构示意图。
如图16和图17所示，在一些实施例中，端盖31在面向电极组件10的一侧设有凸部313，凸部313与凹部311的位置相对应。
通过设置凸部313，可以增大端盖31在与凹部311对应的部分的强度，降低端盖31破裂的风险。在满足强度要求的前提下，通过设置凸部313，可以增大凹部311的深度，从而为检测组件34提供更多的容纳空间，减小电池单体6的整体尺寸，提高能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池单体，其包括壳体、电极组件以及以上任一实施例的端盖组件。壳体具有开口。电极组件容纳于壳体内。端盖组件的端盖用于盖合开口。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括多个以上任一实施例的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一实施例的电池单体，电池单体用于为用电装置提供电能。用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池单体的设备或系统。
参照图4至图8，根据本申请的一些实施例提供了一种电池单体的端盖组件30，其包括端盖31、检测组件34、绝缘件35、第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33。第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33安装于端盖31。
检测组件34包括芯片341、第一线束342和第二线束343，芯片341通过第一线束342电连接于第一电极端子32，通过第二线束343电连接于第二电极端子33。芯片341可通过第一线束342和第二线束343，检测第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33的压差，从而得到电池单体6的工作电压。
端盖31具有凹部311，凹部311相对于端盖31的背离电极组件10的表面凹陷。第一线束342的至少部分、第二线束343的至少部分以及芯片341的至少部分容纳于凹部311。
绝缘件35包括基层351和粘接层352，粘接层352位于端盖31和基层351之间并粘接端盖31和基层351。绝缘件35包括贯通基层351的第一孔356和贯通粘接层352的第二孔357。芯片341经由第一孔356和第二孔357露出。基层351覆盖第一线束342的容纳于凹部311的部分和第二线束343容纳于凹部311的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池单体的端盖组件，包括：
    端盖；
    检测组件，设置于所述端盖并用于检测电池单体的状态信息；以及
    绝缘件，附接于所述端盖的背离电池单体的电极组件的表面，所述绝缘件设有避让结构，所述避让结构用于避让所述检测组件的至少部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述状态信息包括所述电池单体的温度、所述电池单体的电压、所述端盖的变形量以及所述电池单体的内部压强中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述避让结构将所述检测组件的至少部分露出。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖具有凹部，所述凹部相对于所述端盖的背离所述电极组件的表面凹陷；
    所述检测组件的至少部分容纳于所述凹部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖在面向所述电极组件的一侧设有凸部，所述凸部与所述凹部的位置相对应。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的端盖组件，还包括极性相反的第一电极端子和第二电极端子，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子安装于所述端盖；所述检测组件电连接于所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件，其中，所述检测组件包括芯片、第一线束和第二线束，所述芯片通过所述第一线束电连接于所述第一电极端子，通过所述第二线束电连接于所述第二电极端子；
    所述避让结构将所述芯片的至少部分露出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖具有凹部，所述凹部相对于所述端盖的背离所述电极组件的表面凹陷；
    所述第一线束的至少部分、所述第二线束的至少部分以及所述芯片的至少部分容纳于所述凹部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述避让结构将所述第一线束的与所述凹部对应的部分和所述第二线束的与所述凹部对应的部分露出。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述绝缘件覆盖所述第一线束的至少部分。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述绝缘件与所述第一线束相抵。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的端盖组件，其中，所述绝缘件包括基层和粘接层，所述粘接层位于所述端盖和所述基层之间并粘接所述端盖和所述基层。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的端盖组件，其中，所述避让结构包括贯通所述基层的 第一孔和贯通所述粘接层的第二孔，所述第二孔包括与所述第一孔相对应的第一区域和被所述基层覆盖的第二区域；
    所述芯片的一部分容纳于所述第一区域和所述第一孔，所述第一线束的一部分容纳于所述第二区域。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述粘接层与所述凹部不重叠。
  15. 根据权利要求7-14任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一线束包括第一线束段、第二线束段以及连接器，所述第一线束段连接于所述芯片，所述第二线束段连接于所述第一电极端子，所述连接器用于连接所述第一线束段和所述第二线束段。
  16. 根据权利要求7-15任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述芯片包括电压传感器、温度传感器和位移传感器，所述电压传感器电连接于所述第一线束和所述第二线束，所述温度传感器和所述位移传感器均与所述端盖相连。
  17. 根据权利要求6-16任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述绝缘件还包括第一通孔，所述第一电极端子经由所述第一通孔穿过所述绝缘件；
    所述避让结构与所述第一通孔连通。
  18. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内；以及
    根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖用于盖合所述开口。
  19. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电池单体。
  20. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求19所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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JPH1125938A (ja) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-29 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 温度センサーを有するパック電池
JP2012177589A (ja) * 2011-02-25 2012-09-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 計測端子装置
CN203503754U (zh) * 2013-09-26 2014-03-26 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 锂离子动力电池盖板组件及使用该组件的锂离子动力电池
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CN209232902U (zh) * 2019-01-07 2019-08-09 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 电池及电池组
JP2021111500A (ja) * 2020-01-09 2021-08-02 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ 蓄電素子
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CN214254572U (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-09-21 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池以及用电装置
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1125938A (ja) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-29 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 温度センサーを有するパック電池
JP2012177589A (ja) * 2011-02-25 2012-09-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 計測端子装置
CN203503754U (zh) * 2013-09-26 2014-03-26 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 锂离子动力电池盖板组件及使用该组件的锂离子动力电池
CN207250579U (zh) * 2017-05-26 2018-04-17 东莞塔菲尔新能源科技有限公司 动力电池顶盖贴片结构
CN209232902U (zh) * 2019-01-07 2019-08-09 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 电池及电池组
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