Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
  • E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
  • E04F11/0223—Cantilevered stairways
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
  • E04F11/104—Treads
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
  • E04F2011/0203—Miscellaneous features of stairways not otherwise provided for
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
  • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
  • E04F11/104—Treads
  • E04F2011/1046—Miscellaneous features of treads not otherwise provided for

Definitions

• the present invention relates to stairs that can be easily installed on slopes such as mountain slopes and slopes.
• the mountain path stairs described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 respectively, include two flexible long girder supports, a plurality of girder members fixed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction between them, and the girder members are attached to the ground. Equipped with multiple fixing stakes, it can be easily installed on a slope.
• An object of the present invention is to improve the ability to suppress slippage between shoes and girder members in simple stairs.
• Another purpose is to make it possible to apply simple stairs to steeper slopes.
• the simple staircase includes a plurality of girder members each forming a plurality of steps, one or more vertical connecting members that vertically connect the plurality of girder members at intervals, and a plurality of girder members connected to each other on a slope. and a plurality of fixed stakes fixed to the surface.
• At least one girder member has one or more first protrusions erected at one or more locations on the front portion of its upper surface, and one or more second protrusions erected at one or more locations on the rear portion of its upper surface. and has.
• the one or more second protrusions are taller than the one or more first protrusions.
• the one or more second protrusions are larger in lateral dimension than the one or more first protrusions.
• the one or more second protrusions are larger in longitudinal dimension than the one or more first protrusions.
• the one or more first protrusions or the one or more second protrusions are horizontally elongated and curved in a wave-like manner when viewed from above.
• the at least one girder member includes a tube portion for receiving the arch or heel portion of the sole of a person climbing the stairs and a front half of the sole of the person climbing the stairs. It has a flange portion that protrudes forward from the front end of the cylindrical portion for receiving the cylindrical portion.
• One or more first protrusions are erected on the upper surface of the collar portion, and one or more second protrusions are erected on the upper surface of the cylindrical portion.
• one or more second protrusions are provided in the vicinity of the rear end of the upper surface of the cylindrical portion.
• the upper surface of the cylindrical portion is curved in an arc shape when viewed from the side, and bulges upward from the upper surface of the collar portion.
• a simple staircase in which the first half of the upper surface of the cylindrical portion from the highest point to the boundary with the flange is inclined rearward and upward with respect to the upper surface of the flange.
• one or more longitudinal link members are attached to each girder member by means of fixed pegs without the use of separate attachments.
• the spar members have lateral coupling mechanisms for laterally connecting with other spar members.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a simple staircase according to an embodiment installed on a sloped ground.
• the perspective view of the girder member of the same simple staircase seen diagonally from the upper right front.
• the right side view of the same girder member (an example of the positional relationship with shoes when a user goes up the stairs is also shown).
• the right side view of the girder member (an example of the positional relationship with shoes when the user goes down the stairs is also shown).
• the back view of the same girder member The bottom view of the same girder member.
• the left side view which shows the example of the structure which attaches a vertical connection member to a girder member using a fixed pile.
• a simple staircase 1 is installed on a sloped ground 2 such as a mountain trail, a steel tower patrol path, or a slope.
• a sloped ground 2 such as a mountain trail, a steel tower patrol path, or a slope.
• front refers to the front, rear, right, left, top, and bottom directions or sides seen from the person climbing the simple staircase 1.
• “rear”, “right”, “left”, “top” and “bottom” directions or sides are directions or sides.
• the left-right direction is sometimes called the “horizontal” direction
• the front-back direction is sometimes called the "vertical” direction
• the up-and-down direction is sometimes called the "vertical” direction.
• the simple staircase 1 includes a plurality of girder members 3 each forming a plurality of steps of the staircase, and one or more (for example, a pair of left and right) vertical connecting members 5 that vertically interconnect the girder members 3 of different steps.
• Each girder member 3 has one or more (for example, a pair of left and right) fixing stakes 7 for fixing it to the ground 2.
• the girder member 3 is a horizontally long columnar object, and is installed on the ground 2 with its longitudinal direction substantially aligned with the lateral direction.
• the girder member 3 has sufficient strength and rigidity required for outdoor stairs, and has weather resistance that can withstand wind and rain. It is desirable that the girder member 3 be as light as possible and at low cost so that it can be easily carried by a person. Taking these conditions into consideration, the girder member 3 is made of, for example, FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), and is manufactured as an integral part, for example, by molding, but its material and manufacturing method are not limited thereto.
• Each girder member 3 is fixed to the ground 2 using, for example, a pair of left and right fixing stakes 7. That is, there are first through holes 19 (see FIG. 4) at two locations near the left end and near the right end of the rear part of the girder member 3, and the two fixed stakes 7 are inserted into these two first through holes 19. It is inserted.
• These fixed stakes 7 are driven into the ground with a hand hammer or the like to the maximum depth.
• the head 7A of the fixed stake 7 is larger than the inner diameter of the first through hole 19, and this head 7A presses the girder member 3 against the ground 2, thereby fixing the girder member 3 to the ground 2.
• the surface of the portion of the fixed pile 7 that goes underground has many convex portions or concave portions (not shown), and these convex portions or concave portions make it difficult for the fixed pile 7 to come out of the ground. It is desirable that the fixed pile 7 has sufficient strength and rigidity to be able to penetrate or break underground tree roots and rocks, and is also desirably resistant to corrosion and deterioration. In consideration of such conditions, the fixed pile 7 is made of, for example, rust-proofed or rust-proof steel, but the material is not limited thereto.
• Each vertical connection member 5 is, for example, an elongated rod or rope, has a length of about 5 meters to about 10 meters, is arranged vertically on the sloped ground 2, and has a plurality of girder members. It is fixed at 3. That is, there are second through holes 23 (see FIG. 4) at two locations near the left end and near the right end of the front portion of each girder member 3, respectively.
• a component for fixing each vertical connection member 5 is attached to each of the two second through holes 23, and each vertical connection member 5 is fixed to the component.
• a known method can be used, for example, a method as shown in FIG. 8 of the above-mentioned Patent Document 2.
• the J-shaped hook bolt is inserted into the second through hole 23 in such a way that its threaded portion comes out upwardly from the second through hole 23 and its hook portion comes out downwardly from the second through hole 23.
• a rod-shaped or rope-shaped vertical connecting member 5 is inserted between the hook portion of the hook bolt and the lower surface of the girder member 3. Then, by tightening the nut screwed into the threaded portion of the hook bolt, the vertical connecting member 5 is firmly fixed between the hook portion and the lower surface of the beam member 3.
• each vertical connection member 5 is not limited to the shape of an elongated rod or rope.
• the vertical connection member 5 may be a net-like or porous sheet-like component as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of Patent Document 2.
• the vertical connection member 5 may be fixed to the girder member 3 using a fastener using a threaded bolt inserted into the second through hole 23, similar to the fixing method described in Patent Document 2.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 of Patent Document 2 the vertical connection member 5 may be fixed to the girder member 3 using a fastener using a threaded bolt inserted into the second through hole 23, similar to the fixing method described in Patent Document 2.
• the vertical connection member 5 maintains a constant positional relationship (interval) between the plurality of girder members 3. In addition, even if part of the soil on the sloped ground 2 is washed away or collapsed by running water, the vertical connection member 5 connects the plurality of girder members 3 to other girder members 3 and prevents the soil from collapsing with the soil. Prevent it from being washed away or falling.
• the vertical connecting member 5 has sufficient strength, rigidity, and weather resistance for the above purpose. Further, in a curved ramp, the simple staircase 1 must also be curved, so it is desirable that the vertical connecting member 5 has some degree of flexibility and can be curved. Further, it is desirable that the vertical connecting member 5 be as light as possible and at low cost so that it can be easily carried by a person. In consideration of such conditions, the vertical connection member 5 is made of, for example, FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), but the material is not limited to this.
• the lateral dimension (length) L1 of the girder member 3 is approximately the minimum width of the stairs that people go up and down, for example, about 40 cm to about 60 cm (for example, 50 cm). .
• the vertical dimension (depth) D1 of the girder member 3 is approximately the minimum value in order to support the shoes from below and prevent them from slipping when a person climbing the stairs steps on the girder member 3 with their shoes. For example, about 8 cm to about 12 cm (eg, about 10 cm) (that is, about one-third to about one-half of the vertical dimension of a typical adult shoe).
• the vertical dimension (height) H1 of the girder member 3 is approximately the minimum height of a single staircase, for example, about 7 cm to about 12 cm (for example, about 9 cm).
• the girder member 3 has a cylindrical portion 11 and a flange portion 13, which are made as an inseparable integral piece by, for example, molding.
• the cylindrical portion 11 is a hollow, approximately elliptical cylindrical object with closed left and right ends (the short diameter of the approximately elliptical cross section in the vertical direction is, for example, approximately 7 cm to approximately 7 cm). 8 cm, and the long diameter in the vertical direction is, for example, about 10 cm to about 13 cm) is cut along a linear slope from the front upper part to the rear lower part, and about 3 minutes from the front lower side in side view. It has a shape that is obtained by cutting out a portion corresponding to the area of 1 of .
• first through holes 19 are provided at two locations near both left and right ends of the cylindrical portion 11, respectively.
• a pocket 21 is formed which is recessed downward from the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion 11 and has a flat bottom surface. This pocket 21 accommodates the head of the fixed stake 7 inside thereof, and prevents the head from protruding above the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion 11.
• a surface 35 (FIG. 5) corresponding to the above-mentioned inclined cut surface of the cylindrical portion 11 is a ground surface that comes into contact with the inclined ground surface 2.
• the cylindrical portion 11 corresponds to a riser, a stair nosing, and a part of a tread (a portion close to the stair nosing) in a typical staircase.
• the cylindrical portion 11 is usually stepped on by the arch or heel of the sole of the shoe 61 of a person going up or down the simple stairs 1.
• the flange portion 13 of the girder member 3 protrudes forward over almost the entire length of the cylindrical portion 11 from the front end near the top of the cylindrical portion 1 by a certain distance, for example, about 3 cm to 5 cm (for example, 3.5 cm), and when viewed from above ( In Fig. 4), it is approximately rectangular.
• the flange portion 13 corresponds to a part of a tread in a typical staircase (that is, a flat part spaced forward from the nosing by, for example, about 6 cm to about 12 cm, or about 7 cm to about 10 cm).
• second through holes 23 are provided at two locations near both left and right ends of the collar portion 13, respectively.
• a pocket 25 is formed that is recessed downward from the upper surface 13A of the collar portion 13 and has a flat bottom surface.
• the bottom surface of this pocket 25 provides a seating surface for a device for fixing the longitudinal connecting member, for example the tightening nut of the above-mentioned hook bolt or the head of the above-mentioned threaded bolt.
• the collar 13 is located directly below the ball of the foot (the base of the five toes) 65 of the foot 63 of the person climbing the simple stairs 1, from the ball of the big toe to the ball of the little toe.
• the sole of the shoe (the part that receives a large load and kicking force when climbing), in other words, the front half of the sole (the part in front of the arch) is stepped on.
• the upper surface 13A of the collar portion 13 is a flat surface.
• the angle of inclination of the sloped ground 2 on which the girder member 3 is installed with respect to the horizontal direction 41 is a predetermined angle ⁇ (for example, about 30 degrees to about 45 degrees, for example about 35 degrees)
• the upper surface 13A of the flange is horizontal.
• the ground plane 37 of the collar portion 13 is located on an extension of the ground plane 35 of the cylindrical portion 11 .
• the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion 11 is curved in an arc shape in a side view, and extends upward from the upper surface 13A of the flange portion 13 by a predetermined height H2 (for example, about 10 mm to about 30 mm, for example It bulges out by about 15 mm). Therefore, the portion of the cylindrical upper surface 11A located near the boundary with the collar upper surface 13A has a predetermined angle ⁇ (for example, about 10 degrees to about 30 degrees, e.g. It is tilted at an angle of approximately 20 degrees.
• the first half portion 11B (the portion close to the flange upper surface 13A) of the cylindrical upper surface 11A is inclined upward and rearward from the horizontal.
• the above-described upward bulge of the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion and the upward and rearward inclination of the first half 11B are caused by the fact that when the shoes of a person descending the simple stairs 1 step on the girder member 3, they are backward (forward for that person). Prevents slipping. Further, the above-mentioned bulge and inclination of the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion are formed on a slope that is slightly steeper (an angle smaller than the predetermined angle ⁇ , for example, about 10 degrees) than the inclination angle ⁇ shown in FIG. It is possible to install the girder member 3 also on the surface 2. That is, when the girder member 3 is installed on such a steeply sloping ground 2, the upper surface 13A of the collar portion tilts upward and forward, but the front half portion 11B of the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion provides a horizontal footing.
• a plurality of small protrusions 17 are provided on the upper surface 13A of the flange 13 at a plurality of locations over substantially the entire length of the flange 13 (excluding the pockets 25, 25 at both ends). They are placed vertically and horizontally at intervals. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 4, the small protrusions 17 are arranged in multiple rows (for example, 10 columns) in the horizontal direction and in multiple rows (for example, 2 rows) in the vertical direction. Each small protrusion 17 has a horizontally elongated shape in plan view, and its horizontal dimension is longer than its vertical dimension.
• the thickness of the small protrusion 17 in plan view is, for example, about 3 mm to about 7 mm (for example, about 4 mm), the vertical dimension including the curve is about 7 mm to about 12 mm (for example, about 10 mm), and the horizontal dimension is, for example, about 20 mm to about It is approximately 40 mm (for example, approximately 30 mm).
• the height of each small protrusion 17 is about 3 mm to about 7 mm (for example, about 4.5 mm).
• each of the small protrusions 17 is curved in a wave shape in a plan view, and has a portion extending in the lateral direction and a portion extending in a diagonal direction with respect to the lateral direction.
• the plurality of small protrusions 17 on the upper surface 13A of the collar are useful for preventing slippage between the person's shoes and the girder member 3, especially when the person climbs the simple stairs 1.
• a person climbing the stairs 1 often steps on the collar 13 with the front half of the sole, applying a kicking force to the front half of the sole to move forward.
• the front half of the sole of many shoes has irregularities to prevent slippage.
• the shape of the plurality of small protrusions 17 on the upper surface 13A of the collar part which is elongated in the horizontal direction and curved in a wavy manner, their relatively small vertical dimension, and the arrangement of multiple rows and columns, makes it possible for the small protrusions 17 to form the sole of the shoe. This makes it possible to engage with the unevenness of the front half, making it difficult for the shoe 61 to slip in the vertical direction and in the lateral direction.
• the small protrusions 17 on the upper surface 13A of the collar mainly suppress slippage between the shoes 61 of the person climbing the stairs 1 and the girder member 3.
• the gaps between the small protrusions 17 provide a path for mud, soil, snow, etc. to flow out of the collar upper surface 13A when mud, dirt, snow, etc. are placed on the collar upper surface 13A, and thereby, This prevents mud, soil, snow, etc. from staying on the upper surface 13A of the flange. This action also helps to suppress slippage between the shoe 61 and the beam member 3.
• a plurality of large protrusions 15 are erected at a plurality of locations across the area (excluding area 21) at intervals in the lateral direction.
• each large protrusion 15 on the cylindrical upper surface 11A is larger (for example, about 1.3 3 times to about 3 times larger, especially the height is about 3 times larger).
• a plurality of (for example, six) large protrusions 15 are arranged in a row in the horizontal direction.
• Each large protrusion 15 has a horizontally elongated shape in plan view, and its horizontal dimension is larger than its vertical dimension.
• the thickness of the large protrusion 15 in plan view is, for example, about 3 mm to about 7 mm (for example, about 5 mm), the vertical dimension including curvature is, for example, about 10 mm to about 20 mm (for example, about 15 mm), and the horizontal dimension is, for example, about 45 mm to about 70 mm (for example, about 55 mm).
• the height of each protrusion 16 is, for example, about 10 mm to about 20 mm (for example, about 15 mm).
• each large protrusion 15 is curved in a wavy manner in plan view, and has a portion extending in the lateral direction and a portion extending diagonally with respect to the lateral direction.
• the plurality of large protrusions 15 on the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion serve to prevent slippage between the person's shoes 61 and the girder member 3 when the person ascends and descends the simple staircase 1.
• a person who climbs the stairs 1 usually steps on the tube part 13 with the arch of the sole of the shoe or a part near it.
• a person descending the stairs 1 usually steps on the tube part 13 with the heel of the sole of the shoe. Therefore, whether going up or down stairs, the plurality of large protrusions 15 on the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion usually come into contact with the arch or heel of the sole.
• the arch portion of the sole of many shoes has a relatively large concave upward, and the heel portion has irregularities to prevent slippage.
• the above-mentioned high height of the plurality of large protrusions 15 on the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical portion allows these large protrusions 15 to engage with the concavities and convexities of the greatly concave arch and heel portions of the sole, Thereby, slipping of the shoe 61 in the vertical direction is suppressed. Further, the wavy shape of the large protrusions 15 also suppresses the shoe 61 from slipping in the lateral direction.
• the heel of the shoe 61 of a person descending the stairs 1 slips on the cylindrical part 11 and flows backward (forward for that person)
• the heel of the person who is descending the stairs 1 should be raised higher than the upper surface 11A of the cylindrical part.
• the large protrusion 15 that stands up catches it. Since the large protrusion 15 has a relatively large size as described above, it has great strength, and even if the heel part of the shoe 61 collides with it with a strong force, it can withstand the impact and firmly hold the heel part.
• the distance S between the large protrusions 15, 15, . . . is preferably about 1 cm to about 5 cm, more preferably about 1 cm to about 3 cm. It is 5cm.
• a plurality of reinforcing ribs 51 are erected on the inner surface of the girder member 3 in order to reduce the overall weight of the girder member 3 and increase its strength.
• the two left and right first through holes 19 of the girder member 3 are each formed by a linearly extending cylindrical wall 31 having a length close to the total height H1 of the girder member 3. It is defined. These two cylindrical walls 31 regulate the direction of the fixed pile 7 inserted into the two first through holes 19 to be constant.
• the two walls at both ends of the girder member 3 in the lateral direction each have a connecting mechanism for connecting the girder member 3 to another girder member 3 without any gaps in the lateral direction.
• the horizontal connection mechanism includes an engagement protrusion 27 and an engagement recess 33.
• an engagement protrusion 27 is provided on the left end wall of the girder member 3, and an engagement recess 33 is provided on the right end wall.
• a bolt through hole 29 is bored in the center of the engagement protrusion 27, passing through the engagement protrusion 27 in the lateral direction.
• a bolt through hole 34 that passes through the engagement recess 33 in the lateral direction is bored in the center of the engagement recess 33 .
• the engagement convex portion 27 protrudes rightward from the outer surface of the left end wall of the beam member 3, for example.
• the shape of the engaging convex portion 27 is a trapezoidal column extending in the vertical direction, and when viewed from above, it is a trapezoid whose size increases as it goes to the right.
• the engagement recess 33 is recessed leftward from the outer surface of the right end wall of the beam member 3, for example.
• the shape of the engagement recess 3 corresponds to the shape of the engagement protrusion 27. Therefore, by vertically inserting the engaging protrusion 27 of the girder member 3 into the engaging recess 33 of the other girder member 3, there is substantially no gap between them, and even if they are pulled in the lateral direction. A fit is formed in which the two do not separate.
• FIG. 12 shows a vertical connection member 71 according to a modification.
• FIG. 13 shows an example of a method of vertically connecting the girder member 3 to the girder member 3 of another floor using the vertical connection member 71.
• the vertical connection member 71 has an elongated rod shape or rope shape, and is made of a strong and flexible material such as FRP.
• the total length of the vertical connection member 71 corresponds to the maximum allowable distance (for example, about several tens of cm to about 1 m) between the two girder members 3, 3 arranged in the vertical direction.
• the front end of the vertical connection member 71 is provided with a plurality of (for example, three) pile engagement rings 73 at different positions in the vertical direction, and the rear end is also provided with a plurality of (for example, two) pile engagement rings 73 at different positions in the vertical direction. ) pile engaging rings 73 are provided.
• the vertical connecting member having the length between the adjacent girder members 3 and 3 shown in FIG.
• the vertical connecting member having the length between the adjacent girder members 3 and 3 shown in FIG.
• the longer vertical connecting member has a plurality of peg-engaging rings 73, as shown in FIG. 12, at both ends thereof as well as elsewhere in the middle. In this case as well, the spacing between the girder members 3 can be changed by selecting the pile engagement ring 73 with which the fixed stake 7 is engaged.
• one or more vertical connecting members in the form of a net or perforated sheet are used to connect the net or perforated sheet.
• the vertical connection members may be attached to each girder member 3 using only the fixing stakes 7 without using separate attachments.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)

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Citations (15)

• 2022
  • 2022-09-08 JP JP2024545381A patent/JPWO2024053068A1/ja active Pending
  • 2022-09-08 WO PCT/JP2022/033785 patent/WO2024053068A1/ja not_active Ceased
• 2025
  • 2025-02-26 US US19/064,673 patent/US20250198164A1/en active Pending

Patent Citations (15)

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