WO2024036701A1 - 一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法 - Google Patents

一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法 Download PDF

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WO2024036701A1
WO2024036701A1 PCT/CN2022/120628 CN2022120628W WO2024036701A1 WO 2024036701 A1 WO2024036701 A1 WO 2024036701A1 CN 2022120628 W CN2022120628 W CN 2022120628W WO 2024036701 A1 WO2024036701 A1 WO 2024036701A1
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manganese sulfate
solution
grade manganese
sulfate solution
food
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PCT/CN2022/120628
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李永光
李长东
徐学留
刘更好
阮丁山
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
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Priority to GBGB2309842.9A priority Critical patent/GB202309842D0/en
Priority to DE112022000978.0T priority patent/DE112022000978T5/de
Publication of WO2024036701A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024036701A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/08—Simple or complex cyanides of metals
    • C01C3/12—Simple or complex iron cyanides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/38—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions cube-like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sodium-ion battery cathode materials, and in particular to a method for regulating the particle size of Prussian white.
  • Prussian white is a relatively cheap sodium ion cathode material with a discharge specific capacity of 150-160mAh/g, which is similar to the 523 series ternary cathode material.
  • the compacted density of Prussian white is far behind that of ternary materials, which limits its application and development.
  • CN111252784A discloses a method for preparing a manganese-based Prussian white cathode material, which includes the following steps: step 1), dissolve manganese salt containing divalent manganese ions in deionized water to form solution A; step 2), dissolve ferrocyanide Dissolve sodium chloride in deionized water to form solution B; step 3), drop solution A into solution B to perform a co-precipitation reaction to obtain a suspended solution; step 4), move the suspended solution obtained in step 3) to the reaction kettle, And add soluble sodium salt, and after a certain period of hydrothermal reaction, suction filtration, drying and precipitation, the manganese Prussian white cathode material is obtained.
  • the preparation method can regulate the morphology and size distribution of the product.
  • the prepared manganese-based Prussian white has good crystallinity and can be used in sodium-ion battery electrodes to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries, especially It can effectively improve the charge and discharge capacity.
  • the Prussian white composite material includes Prussian white and graphene.
  • the surface of the Prussian white nanoparticles is completely coated by graphene.
  • the Prussian white coated with graphene The particles are bonded to each other and assembled into composite material particles; the particle size of the composite material is 1 to 12 ⁇ m, among which the particle size of Prussian white is 10 to 50 nm.
  • the preparation process includes using a special process to prepare Prussian white, then mixing it with graphene, and dry ball milling to obtain a Prussian white composite material. Applying the Prussian white composite material prepared by the above process as a cathode material to an alkali metal or alkali-like metal ion battery can significantly improve its rate performance while ensuring high capacity and excellent cycle performance.
  • CN114388757A discloses a Prussian white material that can be used for the positive electrode of sodium ion batteries and its preparation method. Produced by reaction in an oxygen-free atmosphere. Compared with the traditional process, the reaction time of the technical solution is greatly shortened; the Prussian white material has high crystallinity, less coordination water, and a sodium content close to the theoretical value, which significantly improves the electrical performance of the corresponding battery, especially the cycle life; the Prussian white material The compaction density is high, the material's processing performance is good, and the volume energy density and mass energy density are significantly improved.
  • the present invention provides a method for regulating the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the food-grade manganese sulfate solution and the industrial-grade manganese sulfate solution are successively subjected to precipitation reactions with sodium ferrocyanide solution.
  • the adding time of the manganese solution, and thus the particle size of the Prussian white, is controlled, so that the Prussian white has both excellent rate performance and high compaction density.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
  • the slurry is sequentially subjected to solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain a Prussian white product with a specific particle size.
  • Prussian white prepared with industrial-grade manganese sulfate has a particle size of 2 to 3 ⁇ m
  • Prussian white prepared with food-grade manganese sulfate has a particle size of about 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size is reduced, the compacted density of the Prussian white product will decrease significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare Prussian white with a particle size of 0.8 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the Prussian white particle size control method of the present invention adopts a precipitation method. First, a small amount of food-grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium ferrocyanide solution are reacted to prepare Prussian white crystal nuclei, and then industrial-grade manganese sulfate solution is used for reaction. Under the conditions of changing other reaction parameters, Prussian white can be grown to 0.8 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention first uses food-grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium ferrocyanide solution to react, because industrial-grade manganese sulfate, the standard is GB/T 15899-2021 "Chemical Reagent Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate (Manganese Sulfate)", which is resistant to various impurities There are certain requirements for the content of metal elements; food-grade manganese sulfate, the standard is GB/T 29208-2012 "Food Additive Manganese Sulfate", which requires strict control of the content of As, Pb, and Se, three metal elements that are toxic and harmful to the human body.
  • the complexing agent solution in step (1) includes any one or at least two of citric acid solution, maleic acid solution, citric acid solution, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, sodium citrate solution or ammonia solution.
  • Combinations where typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of citric acid solution and maleic acid solution, a combination of citric acid solution and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, a combination of sodium citrate solution and ammonia citric acid solution or maleic acid solution , a combination of citric acid solution and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution.
  • the concentration of the sodium ferrocyanide solution in step (1) is 0.3 ⁇ 0.6mol/L, for example, it can be 0.3mol/L, 0.35mol/L, 0.4mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.55mol /L or 0.6mol/L, etc.
  • the concentration of the food-grade manganese sulfate solution is 0.4-2mol/L, for example, it can be 0.4mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.8mol/L, 1mol/L, 1.5mol/L or 2mol/L, etc. .
  • the concentration of the complexing agent solution is 0.4-15 mol/L, for example, it can be 0.4 mol/L, 1 mol/L, 3 mol/L, 5 mol/L, 10 mol/L or 15 mol/L, etc.
  • the molar ratio of the food-grade manganese sulfate solution and the complexing agent solution in step (1) is (0.1-20):1, for example, it can be 0.1:1, 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 , 10:1, 15:1 or 20:1, etc.
  • the temperature of the precipitation reaction is 50-98°C, for example, it can be 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 80°C, 90°C or 98°C.
  • nitrogen gas is introduced during the precipitation reaction.
  • stirring is performed during the precipitation reaction.
  • the stirring speed is 200-500rpm, for example, it can be 200rpm, 250rpm, 300rpm, 400rpm, 450rpm or 500rpm, etc.
  • the adding time of food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 0.12 to 2h, for example, it can be 0.12h, 0.3h, 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h or 2h, etc.
  • the adding time of the food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 0.12 to 2 hours.
  • the particle size of the final Prussian white product is adjusted to ensure that it is between 0.8 and 2 hours. Within the 2 ⁇ m range, it has both excellent rate performance and high compaction density.
  • the particle size of the Prussian white crystal core in step (1) is 0.3-0.6 ⁇ m, for example, it can be 0.3 ⁇ m, 0.35 ⁇ m, 0.4 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.55 ⁇ m or 0.6 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the concentration of the industrial grade manganese sulfate solution in step (2) is 0.4-2mol/L, for example, it can be 0.4mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.8mol/L, 1mol/L, 1.5mol/L or 2mol/L etc.
  • the total adding time of the food-grade manganese sulfate solution in step (1) and the industrial-grade manganese sulfate solution in step (2) is 8 hours.
  • the food grade manganese sulfate solution, industrial grade manganese sulfate solution and complexing agent solution described in the present invention are all introduced into the reaction kettle containing sodium ferrocyanide solution using a metering pump.
  • the molar ratio of the sodium ferrocyanide to the food grade manganese sulfate solution in step (1) and the industrial grade manganese sulfate solution in step (2) is (1 to 1.2): 1, for example, it can be 1:1, 1.05:1, 1.08:1, 1.1:1, 1.15:1 or 1.2:1, etc.
  • the temperature of the aging reaction in step (3) is 30-98°C, for example, it can be 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C or 90°C.
  • the aging reaction time is 3 to 24 hours, for example, it can be 3 hours, 5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours or 24 hours.
  • the washing includes pure water washing.
  • the drying temperature is 150-180°C, for example, it can be 150°C, 155°C, 160°C, 170°C, 175°C or 180°C.
  • the particle size of the Prussian white product in step (3) is 0.8-2 ⁇ m, for example, it can be 0.8 ⁇ m, 0.85 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 1.8 ⁇ m or 2 ⁇ m, etc.
  • control method includes the following steps:
  • the complexing agent solution includes any one or a combination of at least two of citric acid solution, maleic acid solution, wolfberry acid solution, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, sodium citrate solution or ammonia water; the food grade sulfuric acid
  • the dosage molar ratio of manganese solution and complexing agent solution is (0.1 ⁇ 20):1; the adding time of food grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 0.12 ⁇ 2h;
  • the total adding time of the food grade manganese sulfate solution described in step (1) and the industrial grade manganese sulfate solution described in step (2) is 8 hours;
  • the molar ratio of the sodium ferrocyanide to the food grade manganese sulfate solution in step (1) and the industrial grade manganese sulfate solution in step (2) is (1 to 1.2): 1;
  • the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method for regulating the particle size of Prussian white provided by the present invention only requires simply switching the type of manganese sulfate solution, without changing other reaction conditions, to regulate the particle size of Prussian white, and is easy to operate, simple and controllable;
  • the Prussian white product obtained by the Prussian white particle size control method provided by the present invention has a particle size of 0.8 to 2 ⁇ m, which takes into account the rate performance and compaction density of Prussian white; it has better rate performance than Prussian white of 2 to 3 ⁇ m, and is better than Prussian white of 2 to 3 ⁇ m.
  • 0.5 ⁇ m Prussian White has a higher compacted density.
  • Figure 1 is an SEM image of the Prussian white product obtained in Example 1.
  • Figure 2 is an SEM image of the Prussian white product obtained in Comparative Example 1.
  • Figure 3 is an SEM image of the Prussian white product obtained in Comparative Example 2.
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the molar ratio of food-grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium citrate solution is 2:1; the adding time of food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 1 hour;
  • step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 8 hours;
  • the molar ratio of sodium ferrocyanide to step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 1.15:1;
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the molar ratio of food-grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium citrate solution is 2:1; the adding time of food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 1.2h;
  • step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 8 hours;
  • the molar ratio of sodium ferrocyanide to step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 1.15:1;
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the molar ratio of food-grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium citrate solution is 2.5:1; the adding time of food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 0.5h;
  • step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 8 hours;
  • the molar ratio of sodium ferrocyanide to step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 1.1:1;
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the molar ratio of food-grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium citrate solution is 2.2:1; the adding time of food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction is 0.15h;
  • step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 8 hours;
  • the molar ratio of sodium ferrocyanide to step (1) food grade manganese sulfate solution and step (2) industrial grade manganese sulfate solution is 1.2:1;
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method is the same as Example 1 except that the adding time of the food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction in step (1) is 0.1 h.
  • This embodiment provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method is the same as Example 1 except that the adding time of the food-grade manganese sulfate solution during the precipitation reaction in step (1) is 2.5 hours.
  • This comparative example provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the method does not replace the food-grade manganese sulfate solution with an industrial-grade manganese sulfate solution in step (2), that is, the food-grade manganese sulfate solution is always used for adding liquids. Except for 8 hours, the rest were the same as Example 1.
  • This comparative example provides a method for controlling the particle size of Prussian white.
  • the industrial-grade manganese sulfate solution has been added for 8 hours.
  • the rest are the same as Example 1.
  • the Prussian white product was prepared into a button-type half cell, and charged and discharged at a voltage of 2 to 4V and at 0.1C and 5C respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 (2) Combining Example 1 and Examples 5-6, it can be seen that due to the shorter liquid addition time of food-grade manganese sulfate in Example 5, the obtained Prussian white particle size is larger, which is 2.1 ⁇ m, and its compacted density is smaller.
  • Example 1 is high, but the rate performance is worse than that of Example 1; due to the longer liquid addition time of food-grade manganese sulfate in Example 6, the smaller the Prussian white particle size obtained is 0.7 ⁇ m, its rate performance is better than that of Example 1 , but the compacted density is lower than that of Example 1; this shows that the present invention limits the adding time of food-grade manganese sulfate solution in a specific range during the precipitation reaction process, and can obtain a Prussian white product with a particle size of 0.8 to 2 ⁇ m, which has both excellent Excellent rate performance and high compaction density;
  • Comparative Example 1 only uses food-grade manganese sulfate for precipitation reaction, and the Prussian white particle size obtained is only 0.5 ⁇ m, and the discharge specific capacity at 0.1C is 154 mAh/g.
  • the 5C discharge specific capacity is 107mAh/g, which has good rate performance, but the compacted density is significantly reduced, only 1.75g/cm 3 ;
  • Comparative Example 2 only uses industrial grade manganese sulfate for precipitation reaction, and the obtained Prussian white particle size is 2.3 ⁇ m, and the compacted density is high, 1.91g/cm 3 , but the 5C discharge specific capacity is greatly reduced to 69mAh/g, and the rate performance is poor; this shows that the present invention successively adopts food-grade manganese sulfate solution and industrial The precipitation reaction between grade manganese sulfate solution and sodium ferrocyanide solution can produce Prussian white with a specific particle size, which has both excellent rate performance and high compaction density.

Abstract

一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，包括如下步骤：（1）向亚铁氰化钠溶液中加入食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液，进行沉淀反应，生成普鲁士白晶核；（2）将食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；（3）浆料经陈化反应后，依次经固液分离、洗涤和干燥，得到特定粒度的普鲁士白产品。该调控方法先后将食品级硫酸锰溶液和工业级硫酸锰溶液与亚铁氰化钠溶液进行沉淀反应，通过控制两种硫酸锰溶液的加液时间，进而调控普鲁士白的粒度，使得普鲁士白产品兼具优良的倍率性能和较高的压实密度。

Description

一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法 技术领域
本发明涉及钠离子电池正极材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法。
背景技术
由于锂盐的价格一直居高不下，所以钠离子正极材料受到越来越多的关注。普鲁士白是一种相对廉价的钠离子正极材料，放电比容量达到150～160mAh/g，与523系列的三元正极材料差不多。但普鲁士白的压实密度与三元材料相比有较大差距，限制了其应用和发展。
CN111252784A公开了一种锰基普鲁士白正极材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1)、将含有二价锰离子的锰盐溶解于去离子水中，形成溶液A；步骤2)、将亚铁氰化钠溶解于去离子水中，形成溶液B；步骤3)、将溶液A滴入溶液B中进行共沉淀反应得到悬浮溶液；步骤4)、将步骤3)得到的悬浮溶液移至反应釜中，并加入可溶性钠盐，水热反应一定时间后，经抽滤、干燥沉淀，即得到锰普鲁士白正极材料。所述制备方法可以对产物的形貌及尺寸分布进行调控，制备得到的锰基普鲁士白具有良好的结晶性，应用于钠离子电池电极中，可显著提高钠离子电池的电化学性能，特别是能够有效提高充放电容量。
CN109065847A公开了一种普鲁士白复合材料及其制备方法和应用，所述普鲁士白复合材料包括普鲁士白和石墨烯，普鲁士白纳米颗粒的表面被石墨烯完全包覆，包覆有石墨烯的普鲁士白颗粒相互粘结，组装成复合材料颗粒；所述复合材料的颗粒尺寸为1～12μm，其中，普鲁士白的颗粒尺寸为10～50nm。制备 工艺包括，采用特殊工艺制备普鲁士白，再将其与石墨烯混合，经干法球磨后得到普鲁士白复合材料。将上述工艺制备的普鲁士白复合材料作为正极材料应用于碱金属或类碱金属离子电池，可以显著提高其倍率性能、同时保证高的容量及优异的循环性能。
CN114388757A公开了可用于钠离子电池正极的普鲁士白材料及其制备方法，将无机钠盐水溶液、Na 4Fe(CN) 6溶液和无机金属盐水溶液在0.2～10MPa、50～100℃的厌氧或无氧气氛下反应制得。与传统工艺相比，所述技术方案反应时间大幅缩短；普鲁士白材料结晶度高，配位水少，钠含量接近理论值，对应电池的电性能显著提升，特别是循环寿命；普鲁士白材料的压实密度高，材料的加工性能好，体积能量密度与质量能量密度显著提升。
但上述制备方法均没有对普鲁士白的粒度进行调控，而且生产效率较低。因此，开发一种生产效率高、操作方便的普鲁士白粒度的调控方法具有重要意义。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，先后将食品级硫酸锰溶液和工业级硫酸锰溶液与亚铁氰化钠溶液进行沉淀反应，通过控制两种硫酸锰溶液的加液时间，进而调控普鲁士白的粒度，使得普鲁士白兼具优良的倍率性能和较高的压实密度。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，其特征在于，所述调控方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向亚铁氰化钠溶液中加入食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液，进行沉淀反应，生成普鲁士白晶核；
(2)将所述食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使所述普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
(3)所述浆料经陈化反应后，依次经固液分离、洗涤和干燥，得到特定粒度的普鲁士白产品。
发明人发现，工业级硫酸锰和食品级硫酸锰在与亚铁氰化钠反应制备普鲁士白时，得到的普鲁士白产品的粒度差距极大。在相同的工艺条件下，用工业级硫酸锰制备出的普鲁士白，粒度为2～3μm；用食品级硫酸锰制备出的普鲁士白，粒度为0.5μm左右。为了提高普鲁士白制备成的电池的倍率性能，需要适当减小普鲁士白产品粒度，而粒度减小时，普鲁士白产品的压实密度会明显下降。因此，需要制备粒度为0.8～2μm的普鲁士白。
本发明所述的普鲁士白粒度的调控方法采用沉淀法，先用少量食品级硫酸锰溶液与亚铁氰化钠溶液反应制备出普鲁士白晶核，再用工业级硫酸锰溶液进行反应，在不改变其他反应参数的条件下，使普鲁士白生长到0.8～2μm。
本发明先使用食品级硫酸锰溶液与亚铁氰化钠溶液反应，是因为工业级硫酸锰，标准为GB/T 15899-2021《化学试剂一水合硫酸锰(硫酸锰)》，对各种杂质金属元素含量有一定要求；食品级硫酸锰，标准为GB/T 29208-2012《食品添加剂硫酸锰》，需要对As、Pb、Se这三种对人体有毒有害的金属元素含量进行严格控制。外观上，工业级硫酸锰有明显硬块，食品级硫酸锰颗粒更细，几乎没有结块；配制成相同浓度的溶液，工业级硫酸锰溶液pH为3.6，食品级硫酸锰溶液pH为1.9，较低的pH值在制备普鲁士白时，更容易大量成核，进而降低普鲁士白的粒度。本发明所述的调控方法操作简单，生产效率高，得到的特定粒度的普鲁士白产品具有优良的倍率性能同时具有较高的压实密度。
优选地，步骤(1)所述络合剂溶液包括柠檬酸溶液、马来酸溶液、枸杞酸 溶液、乙二胺四乙酸溶液、柠檬酸钠溶液或氨水中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，其中典型但非限制的组合包括柠檬酸溶液和马来酸溶液的组合，枸杞酸溶液和乙二胺四乙酸溶液的组合，柠檬酸钠溶液和氨水柠檬酸溶液的组合或马来酸溶液、枸杞酸溶液和乙二胺四乙酸溶液三者的组合。
优选地，步骤(1)所述亚铁氰化钠溶液的浓度为0.3～0.6mol/L，例如可以是0.3mol/L、0.35mol/L、0.4mol/L、0.5mol/L、0.55mol/L或0.6mol/L等。
优选地，所述食品级硫酸锰溶液的浓度为0.4～2mol/L，例如可以是0.4mol/L、0.5mol/L、0.8mol/L、1mol/L、1.5mol/L或2mol/L等。
优选地，所述络合剂溶液的浓度为0.4～15mol/L，例如可以是0.4mol/L、1mol/L、3mol/L、5mol/L、10mol/L或15mol/L等。
优选地，步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液的用量摩尔比为(0.1～20):1，例如可以是0.1:1、1:1、3:1、5:1、10:1、15:1或20:1等。
优选地，所述沉淀反应的温度为50～98℃，例如可以是50℃、55℃、60℃、80℃、90℃或98℃等。
优选地，所述沉淀反应的过程中通入氮气。
优选地，所述沉淀反应的过程中进行搅拌。
优选地，所述搅拌的速率为200～500rpm，例如可以是200rpm、250rpm、300rpm、400rpm、450rpm或500rpm等。
优选地，所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.12～2h，例如可以是0.12h、0.3h、0.5h、1h、1.5h或2h等。
本发明优选所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.12～2h，通过调控食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间来调控最终得到的普鲁士白产品的粒度，保证其在0.8～2μm范围之内，兼具优良的倍率性能和较高的压实密度。
优选地，步骤(1)所述普鲁士白晶核的粒度为0.3～0.6μm，例如可以是0.3μm、0.35μm、0.4μm、0.5μm、0.55μm或0.6μm等。
优选地，步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的浓度为0.4～2mol/L，例如可以是0.4mol/L、0.5mol/L、0.8mol/L、1mol/L、1.5mol/L或2mol/L等。
优选地，步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h。
本发明中所述食品级硫酸锰溶液、工业级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液均是用计量泵通入装有亚铁氰化钠溶液的反应釜中。
优选地，所述亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为(1～1.2):1，例如可以是1:1、1.05:1、1.08:1、1.1:1、1.15:1或1.2:1等。
优选地，步骤(3)所述陈化反应的温度为30～98℃，例如可以是40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃或90℃等。
优选地，所述陈化反应的时间为3～24h，例如可以是3h、5h、10h、15h、20h或24h等。
优选地，所述洗涤包括纯水洗涤。
优选地，所述干燥的温度为150～180℃，例如可以是150℃、155℃、160℃、170℃、175℃或180℃等。
优选地，步骤(3)所述普鲁士白产品的粒度为0.8～2μm，例如可以是0.8μm、0.85μm、1μm、1.5μm、1.8μm或2μm等。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，所述调控方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向浓度为0.3～0.6mol/L的亚铁氰化钠溶液中加入浓度为0.4～2mol/L的食品级硫酸锰溶液和浓度为0.4～15mol/L的络合剂溶液，通入氮气，在搅拌速率 为200～500rpm下进行温度为50～98℃的沉淀反应，生成粒度为0.3～0.6μm的普鲁士白晶核；
所述络合剂溶液包括柠檬酸溶液、马来酸溶液、枸杞酸溶液、乙二胺四乙酸溶液、柠檬酸钠溶液或氨水中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液的用量摩尔比为(0.1～20):1；所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.12～2h；
(2)将所述食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为浓度为0.4～2mol/L的工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使所述普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
所述亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为(1～1.2):1；
(3)所述浆料经温度为30～98℃的陈化反应3～24h后，依次经固液分离、纯水洗涤和温度为150～180℃的干燥，得到粒度为0.8～2μm的普鲁士白产品。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的普鲁士白粒度的调控方法只需要简单地切换硫酸锰溶液的类型，不改变其他反应条件，就能调控普鲁士白的粒度，操作方便，简单可控；
(2)本发明提供的普鲁士白粒度的调控方法得到的普鲁士白产品的粒度为0.8～2μm，兼顾了普鲁士白的倍率性能和压实密度；比2～3μm的普鲁士白倍率性能更好，比0.5μm的普鲁士白具有更高的压实密度。
附图说明
图1是实施例1得到的普鲁士白产品的SEM图。
图2是对比例1得到的普鲁士白产品的SEM图。
图3是对比例2得到的普鲁士白产品的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
下面对本发明进一步详细说明。但下述的实例仅仅是本发明的简易例子，并不代表或限制本发明的权利保护范围，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，调控方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向反应釜中加入浓度为0.5mol/L的亚铁氰化钠溶液，开启搅拌，控制搅拌速率为300rpm，升高温度至60℃，通入氮气，将浓度为1mol/L的食品级硫酸锰溶液和浓度为2mol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液用计量泵通入反应釜中进行沉淀反应，生成粒度为0.5μm的普鲁士白晶核；
食品级硫酸锰溶液和柠檬酸钠溶液的用量摩尔比为2:1；沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为1h；
(2)将食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为浓度为1mol/L的工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为1.15:1；
(3)浆料经温度为50℃的陈化反应10h后，通往离心机中分离得到滤饼，用纯水洗涤，除去滤饼中的杂质，再将滤饼在160℃下干燥，得到普鲁士白产品。
本实施例得到的普鲁士白产品的SEM图如图1所示，由图1可以看出，普鲁士白产品的形貌为立方块状。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，调控方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向反应釜中加入浓度为0.5mol/L的亚铁氰化钠溶液，开启搅拌，控制搅拌速率为400rpm，升高温度至65℃，通入氮气，将浓度为1.5mol/L的食品级硫酸锰溶液和浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液用计量泵通入反应釜中进行沉淀反应，生成粒度为0.5μm的普鲁士白晶核；
食品级硫酸锰溶液和柠檬酸钠溶液的用量摩尔比为2:1；沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为1.2h；
(2)将食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为浓度为1.5mol/L的工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为1.15:1；
(3)浆料经温度为50℃的陈化反应10h后，通往离心机中分离得到滤饼，用纯水洗涤，除去滤饼中的杂质，再将滤饼在170℃下干燥，得到普鲁士白产品。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，调控方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向反应釜中加入浓度为0.4mol/L的亚铁氰化钠溶液，开启搅拌，控制搅拌速率为500rpm，升高温度至60℃，通入氮气，将浓度为1.5mol/L的食品级硫酸锰溶液和浓度为4mol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液用计量泵通入反应釜中进行沉淀反 应，生成粒度为0.6μm的普鲁士白晶核；
食品级硫酸锰溶液和柠檬酸钠溶液的用量摩尔比为2.5:1；沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.5h；
(2)将食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为浓度为1.5mol/L的工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为1.1:1；
(3)浆料经温度为80℃的陈化反应12h后，通往离心机中分离得到滤饼，用纯水洗涤，除去滤饼中的杂质，再将滤饼在170℃下干燥，得到普鲁士白产品。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，调控方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向反应釜中加入浓度为0.4mol/L的亚铁氰化钠溶液，开启搅拌，控制搅拌速率为380rpm，升高温度至65℃，通入氮气，将浓度为0.8mol/L的食品级硫酸锰溶液和浓度为2mol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液用计量泵通入反应釜中进行沉淀反应，生成粒度为0.5μm的普鲁士白晶核；
食品级硫酸锰溶液和柠檬酸钠溶液的用量摩尔比为2.2:1；沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.15h；
(2)将食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为浓度为0.8mol/L的工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为1.2:1；
(3)浆料经温度为90℃的陈化反应12h后，通往离心机中分离得到滤饼，用纯水洗涤，除去滤饼中的杂质，再将滤饼在170℃下干燥，得到普鲁士白产品。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，所述调控方法除了步骤(1)所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.1h外，其余均与实施例1相同。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，所述调控方法除了步骤(1)所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为2.5h外，其余均与实施例1相同。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，所述调控方法除了步骤(2)中不将所述食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为工业级硫酸锰溶液，即一直使用食品级硫酸锰溶液加液8h外，其余均与实施例1相同。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，所述调控方法除了步骤(1)中将食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为工业级硫酸锰溶液，即一直使用工业级硫酸锰溶液加液8h外，其余均与实施例1相同。
对比例1～2得到的普鲁士白产品的SEM图分别如图2和图3所示。从图中可以看出，对比例1和2得到的普鲁士白产品的形貌与实施例1的一致，均为立方块状，而且对比例2的普鲁士白产品的形貌看起来更饱满。
用干法粒度仪测试上述实施例和对比例得到的普鲁士白产品的粒度；
用压实密度仪测试普鲁士白产品的压实密度；
将普鲁士白产品制备成扣式半电池，在2～4V的电压下、分别在0.1C和5C条件下进行充放电，结果如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022120628-appb-000001
从表1可以看出：
(1)综合实施例1～4可以看出，本发明提供的普鲁士白粒度的调控方法通过切换使用食品级硫酸锰和工业级硫酸锰，得到了粒度为0.8～2μm的普鲁士白，而且实施例1～4中不同粒度的普鲁士白在0.1C的放电比容量都差不多，但随着粒度增大，5C放电比容量降低，压实密度升高；由此表明，本发明所述方法得到的普鲁士白产品，可以在一定程度上兼顾压实密度和倍率性能；
(2)综合实施例1与实施例5～6可以看出，由于实施例5中食品级硫酸锰 的加液时间较短，得到的普鲁士白粒度越大，为2.1μm，其压实密度较实施例1高，但倍率性能较实施例1差；由于实施例6中食品级硫酸锰的加液时间较长，得到的普鲁士白粒度越小，为0.7μm，其倍率性能较实施例1好，但压实密度较实施例1低；由此表明，本发明限定沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间在特定范围，可以得到粒度为0.8～2μm的普鲁士白产品，兼具优良的倍率性能和较高的压实密度；
(3)综合实施例1与对比例1～2可以看出，对比例1仅仅使用食品级硫酸锰进行沉淀反应，得到的普鲁士白粒度仅为0.5μm，0.1C的放电比容量为154mAh/g，5C放电比容量为107mAh/g，具有较好的倍率性能，但压实密度显著降低，仅为1.75g/cm 3；对比例2仅使用工业级硫酸锰进行沉淀反应，得到的普鲁士白粒度为2.3μm，压实密度较高，为1.91g/cm 3，但5C放电比容量大幅度降低为69mAh/g，倍率性能较差；由此表明，本发明先后采用食品级硫酸锰溶液与工业级硫酸锰溶液与亚铁氰化钠溶液进行沉淀反应，可以得到特定粒度的普鲁士白，使其兼具优良的倍率性能和较高的压实密度。
申请人声明，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法，其特征在于，所述调控方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)向亚铁氰化钠溶液中加入食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液，进行沉淀反应，生成普鲁士白晶核；
    (2)将所述食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使所述普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
    (3)所述浆料经陈化反应后，依次经固液分离、洗涤和干燥，得到特定粒度的普鲁士白产品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述络合剂溶液包括柠檬酸溶液、马来酸溶液、枸杞酸溶液、乙二胺四乙酸溶液、柠檬酸钠溶液或氨水中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述亚铁氰化钠溶液的浓度为0.3～0.6mol/L；
    优选地，所述食品级硫酸锰溶液的浓度为0.4～2mol/L；
    优选地，所述络合剂溶液的浓度为0.4～15mol/L。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液的用量摩尔比为(0.1～20):1；
    优选地，所述沉淀反应的温度为50～98℃；
    优选地，所述沉淀反应的过程中通入氮气；
    优选地，所述沉淀反应的过程中进行搅拌；
    优选地，所述搅拌的速率为200～500rpm；
    优选地，所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.12～2h。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述普鲁士白晶核的粒度为0.3～0.6μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的浓度为0.4～2mol/L。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
    优选地，所述亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为(1～1.2):1。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述陈化反应的温度为30～98℃；
    优选地，所述陈化反应的时间为3～24h；
    优选地，所述洗涤包括纯水洗涤；
    优选地，所述干燥的温度为150～180℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述普鲁士白产品的粒度为0.8～2μm。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的调控方法，其特征在于，所述调控方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)向浓度为0.3～0.6mol/L的亚铁氰化钠溶液中加入浓度为0.4～2mol/L的食品级硫酸锰溶液和浓度为0.4～15mol/L的络合剂溶液，通入氮气，在搅拌速率为200～500rpm下进行温度为50～98℃的沉淀反应，生成粒度为0.3～0.6μm的普鲁士白晶核；
    所述络合剂溶液包括柠檬酸溶液、马来酸溶液、枸杞酸溶液、乙二胺四乙 酸溶液、柠檬酸钠溶液或氨水中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和络合剂溶液的用量摩尔比为(0.1～20):1；所述沉淀反应过程中食品级硫酸锰溶液的加液时间为0.12～2h；
    (2)将所述食品级硫酸锰溶液替换为浓度为0.4～2mol/L的工业级硫酸锰溶液，其它条件不变，使所述普鲁士白晶种持续长大，得到浆料；
    步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的加液总时间为8h；
    所述亚铁氰化钠与步骤(1)所述食品级硫酸锰溶液和步骤(2)所述工业级硫酸锰溶液的用量摩尔比为(1～1.2):1；
    (3)所述浆料经温度为30～98℃的陈化反应3～24h后，依次经固液分离、纯水洗涤和温度为150～180℃的干燥，得到粒度为0.8～2μm的普鲁士白产品。
PCT/CN2022/120628 2022-08-15 2022-09-22 一种普鲁士白粒度的调控方法 WO2024036701A1 (zh)

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