WO2024031859A1 - 电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024031859A1
WO2024031859A1 PCT/CN2022/131970 CN2022131970W WO2024031859A1 WO 2024031859 A1 WO2024031859 A1 WO 2024031859A1 CN 2022131970 W CN2022131970 W CN 2022131970W WO 2024031859 A1 WO2024031859 A1 WO 2024031859A1
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
battery
positive electrode
electrode assembly
electrode sheet
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/131970
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟奇能
孙剑彤
李玲
宋书涛
张小细
Original Assignee
江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024031859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024031859A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • an electrode assembly including alternately arranged positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets.
  • at least one adjacent positive electrode piece and negative electrode piece are provided with an engaging portion on one side surface facing each other.
  • the engaging portion located on the positive electrode piece and the engaging portion located on the corresponding negative electrode piece are configured to engage with each other so as to limit the degree of freedom of the adjacent positive electrode piece and negative electrode piece.
  • the bite portion located on the positive electrode sheet and the bite portion located on the corresponding negative electrode sheet are configured to extend along a preset direction; wherein, the preset direction is any of the following: the preset direction is parallel to the height direction of the electrode assembly, and the preset direction The preset direction and the height direction of the electrode assembly are arranged at an angle and are not perpendicular to each other.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bite portion gradually decreases from a side surface of the pole piece where the bite portion is located, in a direction away from the pole piece where the bite portion is located.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bite portion decreases linearly from a side surface of the pole piece where the bite portion is located, in a direction away from the pole piece where the bite portion is located.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the bite portion is one of a triangle, a trapezoid, and an arc.
  • the engaging portions located on the same surface of the same pole piece include multiple engaging portions, and all engaging portions are arranged continuously.
  • the engaging portions located on the same surface of the same pole piece include multiple engaging portions, and all engaging portions are arranged discontinuously.
  • At least one adjacent positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece are configured with a plurality of recessed portions recessed away from each other on one side surface facing each other; located on the same side surface of the same pole piece, adjacent recessed portions A bite is formed between them.
  • At least one adjacent positive electrode sheet and negative electrode sheet are provided with an active layer on a side surface facing each other; the recessed portion is correspondingly formed on the active layer.
  • the ratio of the recessed depth of the recessed portion to the thickness of the active layer is about 0.03 to about 0.1.
  • the engaging portion located on the positive electrode sheet is in a clearance fit with the engaging portion located on the corresponding negative electrode sheet.
  • the assembly gap between the engaging portion located on the positive electrode sheet and the engaging portion located on the corresponding negative electrode sheet is less than or equal to about 30 microns.
  • a battery cell including a case and a battery cell assembly accommodated in the case.
  • the battery core assembly includes a separator and the electrode assembly in any of the above embodiments, and the separator is disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the ratio of the capacity per unit area of the negative electrode sheet to the capacity per unit area of the positive electrode sheet is greater than or equal to about 1.
  • the cell assembly is a wound structure.
  • the cell assembly is a laminated structure.
  • a battery including the battery cell in any of the above embodiments.
  • an electrical device including the battery in any of the above embodiments, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery core assembly in some embodiments of the related art
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery core assembly in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view along line C-C of Figure 7 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at G in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of F in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of Figure 7 in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of position I in Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of J in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of Figure 7 in some further embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure at K in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of L in Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of M in Figure 15;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the positive electrode sheet from one perspective in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the positive electrode sheet from one perspective in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of the positive electrode sheet from one perspective in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 21 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of the combination of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Battery core assembly 1 positive electrode piece 1a, negative electrode piece 1b, isolation film 1c, positive electrode lug 1d, negative electrode lug 1e;
  • Battery box 10 first part 11, second part 12;
  • Positive electrode sheet 232a positive electrode sheet 232a, first current collector c1, first active layer a1, negative electrode sheet 232b, second current collector c2, second active layer a2, positive electrode tab t1, negative electrode tab t2;
  • the first side is f1, the second side is f2;
  • Width direction W Width direction W, thickness direction ⁇ , and height direction H.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. As battery application fields continue to expand, its market demand is also expanding.
  • the inventor of the present application noticed that when the battery is subjected to external force, excessive force will cause the positive and negative electrode plates to be dislocated, thus affecting the reliability of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell assembly 1 in some embodiments of the related art.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in FIG. 1 .
  • the battery cell assembly 1 includes alternatingly stacked positive electrode sheets 1a and negative electrode sheets 1b, an isolation film 1c disposed between the adjacent positive electrode sheets 1a and negative electrode sheets 1b, and The positive electrode tab 1d is provided on the positive electrode sheet 1a and the negative electrode tab 1e is provided on the negative electrode sheet 1b.
  • the inventor of the present application further noticed that, as shown in FIG. 1 , the positive electrode lugs 1d can be fixed by welding, and the negative electrode lugs 1e can also be fixed by welding.
  • the laminated battery cell assembly 1 is not constrained in the width direction. Therefore, when the battery cell assembly 1 is subjected to external force, relative slippage easily occurs between the positive electrode sheet 1a and the negative electrode sheet 1b, causing alignment deviation in the stacked battery cell assembly 1, deteriorating battery performance, and causing It creates safety issues and affects the reliability of the battery.
  • the inventor of the present application found that at least binding force in the width direction can be exerted on the positive and negative electrode sheets. Specifically, a structure that can cooperate with each other is added to the positive and negative electrode sheets that are prone to relative slippage, so that effective support is formed between the corresponding positive and negative electrode sheets, thereby preventing the positive and negative electrode sheets from colliding with each other when subjected to external forces. produce relative slip.
  • the inventor of the present application has conducted in-depth research and designed an electrode assembly.
  • the side surfaces facing each other are provided with engaging portions, and the corresponding engaging portions can engage with each other.
  • the interlocking bite parts can generate an interaction force between at least one adjacent positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece, constrain the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece, and avoid the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the relative slippage of the plates under the influence of external forces can avoid the problem of deteriorating battery performance due to misalignment of the positive and negative electrode plates, and improve the reliability of the battery.
  • the pole pieces disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are used to prepare battery cells.
  • the battery cells can be, but are not limited to, used in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system of the electrical device can be composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application. This will help alleviate the problem of reducing battery performance due to lithium precipitation and improve the stability of battery performance and battery life.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application is used as an example.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 includes a battery case 10 and battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the battery case 10 .
  • the battery box 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20, and the battery box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the battery box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a space for accommodating battery cells. 20 accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 is covered with the open side of the second part 12.
  • the battery box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the battery box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells. 20 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module form, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the battery box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , a housing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the case 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 21 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 20 can have higher durability. Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 21 may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals 21a.
  • the electrode terminal 21a can be used to electrically connect with the battery cell assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the end cap 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulating member may also be provided inside the end cover 21 , and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the housing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery core assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover 21 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 22.
  • the end cover 21 covers the opening at the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the housing 22 At this time, the end cover 21 covers the housing 22 again.
  • the housing 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery core assembly 23 in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of C-C in Figure 7 in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 9 is G in Figure 8
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at F in Figure 9.
  • W refers to the width direction of the battery core component 23
  • ⁇ refers to the thickness direction of the battery core component 23
  • H refers to the height direction of the battery core component 23 .
  • the battery cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 100 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more battery core assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing 22 .
  • the battery core assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b (the battery core assembly 23 shown in Figures 7 to 10 is a laminated structure), and is usually between the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b A spacer 231 is provided.
  • the separator 231 is used to isolate the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b, prevent electrons in the battery cell 20 from passing through freely, and allow ions in the electrolyte to flow freely between the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b.
  • the isolation member 231 may be a film member made of PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or other materials.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b that contain active material constitute the main body of the battery assembly 23, and the portions of the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b that do not contain active material constitute the tabs respectively.
  • the positive electrode tab t1 and the negative electrode tab t2 can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body (as shown in Figures 7 to 10, the positive electrode tab t1 and the negative electrode tab t2 are located together at one end of the main body).
  • the positive active material and negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly 232 , which includes alternately arranged positive electrode sheets 232 a and negative electrode sheets 232 b. At least one adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and negative electrode piece 232b are provided with an engaging portion p on one side surface facing each other. The engaging portion p located on the positive electrode piece 232a and the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode piece 232b are configured to engage with each other so as to limit the degree of freedom of the adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b.
  • the two surfaces of the positive electrode sheet 232a that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction ⁇ are provided with bite portions p.
  • the two negative electrode sheets 232b adjacent to the positive electrode sheet 232a are each provided with an engaging portion p on one side surface facing the positive electrode sheet 232a.
  • the engaging portion p can be set correspondingly according to the stress situation in actual use conditions, and the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this.
  • the engaging portion p located on the positive electrode piece 232a and the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode piece 232b are configured to engage with each other
  • the side surfaces are provided with protrusions and recesses, and the engagement between the protrusions and recesses can form an engagement relationship in which they contact each other and are stuck.
  • "Restricting the degree of freedom of the adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and negative electrode piece 232b” refers to the above-mentioned ability to form an interlocking relationship that contacts and blocks each other, so that the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b can be more closely connected to each other.
  • the adjacent positive electrode pieces 232a and the negative electrode pieces 232b can have certain constraints on each other.
  • the direction of the binding force generated can be understood as limiting the degree of freedom in that direction. It can also be understood that the direction of the binding force generated is related to the structure of the bite portion p and the direction of the external force.
  • any adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and negative electrode piece 232b can be provided with an interlocking portion p capable of interlocking with each other according to usage requirements.
  • the specific arrangement form and quantity are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the corresponding engaging portions p can engage with each other.
  • the interlocking bite portions p can generate an interaction force between at least one adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b, thereby constraining the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b to avoid
  • the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b will slide relative to each other under the influence of external force, thereby avoiding the problem of deteriorating the performance of the battery 100 due to misalignment of the positive and negative electrode pieces, and improving the reliability of the battery 100.
  • the structure of the bite portion p creates more gaps between the adjacent positive electrode sheets 232a and negative electrode sheets 232b, which can provide more electrolyte storage space and ion channels, effectively improving the slow infiltration speed of the electrolyte and the The problem of insufficient fluid retention. During the charging and discharging process of the battery 100, this gap can also reduce the expansion force generated to avoid cycle failure caused by excessive expansion force.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bite portion p is from the side surface of the pole piece where the bite portion p is located, along the direction away from The direction of the pole piece where the bite part p is located gradually decreases.
  • the width direction of the cell assembly 23 is also the width direction of the electrode assembly 232
  • the thickness direction of the cell assembly 23 is also the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 232
  • the height direction of the cell assembly 23 is also the height direction of the electrode assembly 232 . That is, the width direction of the electrode assembly 232 is also W, the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 232 is also ⁇ , and the height direction of the electrode assembly 232 is also H.
  • a stress-bearing structure similar to a wedge-shaped structure can be formed between the bite portions p that mesh with each other, which can further increase the binding force on the corresponding positive electrode sheet 232a and negative electrode sheet 232b. In this way, relative slippage of the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b under the influence of external force can be further prevented.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bite portion p is from the side surface of the pole piece where the bite portion p is located, along the direction away from The direction of the pole piece where the bite part p is located decreases linearly.
  • Linear decrease means that along the thickness direction ⁇ of the electrode assembly 232, the cross-sectional area of the bite portion p decreases at a uniform rate and decreases linearly.
  • the bite portion p is easy to form, and it also helps the bite structure formed by the bite portions p that mesh with each other to reach a more stable state when receiving force.
  • the corresponding positive electrode piece 232a and negative electrode piece 232b can also maintain a more stable state under the influence of external forces.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the bite portion p is triangular.
  • Figures 11 to 13 Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of Figure 7 in other embodiments of the present application, and Figure 12 is a partial enlargement of position I in Figure 11 Structural schematic diagram.
  • Figure 13 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of J in Figure 12.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the bite portion p is arc-shaped.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of C-C in Figure 7 in some further embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 15 is a partial enlargement of K in Figure 14 Structural schematic diagram.
  • Figure 16 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram at L in Figure 15 .
  • Figure 17 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram at M in Figure 15 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the bite portion p is a trapezoid.
  • the shapes of the engaging portions p located on different sides of the same pole piece may be the same or different.
  • the shapes of the engaging portions p on different sides of the positive electrode sheet 232a shown in FIGS. 8 , 11 and 14 are the same.
  • the engaging portion p located on the positive electrode sheet 232a and the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode sheet 232b may have the same shape or may be different.
  • the engaging portion p located on the positive electrode piece 232a has the same shape as the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode piece 232b.
  • the shape of the engaging portion p located on the positive electrode sheet 232a is different from the shape of the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode sheet 232b.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the bite portion p is configured to extend along a preset direction parallel to the width direction W of the electrode assembly 232 .
  • the bite portion p is configured to extend along a preset direction, and the preset direction is parallel to the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 .
  • the bite portion p is configured to extend along a preset direction, the preset direction is arranged at an angle to the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 and the preset direction is consistent with the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 Not perpendicular to each other.
  • the angle can be 10°, 20°, 50°, 100°, 120°, etc. It can be set according to actual usage conditions, and the embodiments of this application do not impose specific restrictions on this.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the positive electrode sheet 232 a from one perspective in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 shows that the preset direction is parallel to the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 , and the bite portion on the positive electrode sheet 232 a p extends along the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the positive electrode sheet 232a from one perspective in other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 shows that the preset direction is parallel to the width direction W of the electrode assembly 232, and the positive electrode sheet 232a is The case where the engaging portion p extends in the width direction W of the electrode assembly 232 .
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of the positive electrode sheet 232 a from another perspective in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 shows that the preset direction is arranged at an angle to the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 .
  • the positive electrode sheet 232 a The extending direction of the engaging portion p is set at an angle with the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232 , and the angle is an acute angle.
  • the laminated structure has a welded and fixed positive electrode ear t1 and a welded and fixed negative electrode in the height direction H.
  • the bite portion p may be configured to extend in the height direction H of the electrode assembly 232.
  • the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b can be restrained along the width direction W of the electrode assembly 232 by means of the bite portion p, which can further effectively prevent the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b from being stuck along the electrode assembly 232 under abusive conditions.
  • the displacement in the width direction W thereby avoids alignment deviation.
  • the restrictions on the degree of freedom of the adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b can be adjusted in different directions to obtain the desired extending direction of the engaging portion p. In this way, the required preset direction can be set according to actual usage conditions.
  • the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece include multiple, and all the engaging portions p are arranged discontinuously.
  • the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece include multiple, and all the engaging portions p are arranged continuously.
  • continuous arrangement means that all the engaging parts p located on the same surface of the same pole piece are arranged sequentially in the required direction, and adjacent engaging parts p are connected.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of all the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece include one or more types, forming a continuous distribution.
  • discontinuous arrangement means that all the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece are arranged sequentially along the required direction, and there is an interval between at least one adjacent engaging portion p.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of all the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece include one or more types, forming a discontinuous distribution.
  • FIGS. 8 and 11 when there are multiple engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece, and the cross-sectional shapes of all engaging portions p are the same along the thickness direction ⁇ of the electrode assembly 232, In the arrangement direction of the bite parts p, adjacent bite parts p are connected to form a continuously arranged structure.
  • FIGS. 14 to 17 along the thickness direction ⁇ of the electrode assembly 232, as shown in FIG. 16, the cross-sectional shape of all the bite parts p located on the same surface of the positive electrode piece 232a is a trapezoid, and the adjacent bite parts are trapezoidal.
  • the parts p are connected to form a continuously arranged structure.
  • FIG. 21 is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the matching of the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b in some embodiments of the present application (for convenience of explanation, the separator 231 is omitted, and only the positive electrode sheet 232a is shown.
  • the first active layer a1 and the second active layer a2 of the negative electrode sheet 232b), along the thickness direction ⁇ of the electrode assembly 232, the cross-sectional shapes of all the bite parts p located on the same surface of the positive electrode sheet 232a include triangles and trapezoids, and are adjacent The bite parts p are connected to form a continuously arranged structure.
  • the cross-sectional shape of all the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the negative electrode sheet 232b is a triangle, some adjacent engaging portions p are connected, and some adjacent engaging portions p are spaced apart, forming a Structures arranged discontinuously.
  • the engaging portions p located on the same surface of the same pole piece include multiple, and all the engaging portions p are arranged on the first side f1 of the electrode assembly 232, and the first side f1 is the second side of the electrode assembly 232. Opposite side f2 , the second side f2 is the side of the electrode assembly 232 on which the tabs are disposed. In this way, the bite portion p and the pole lug respectively restrain the electrode assembly 232 on different sides of the electrode assembly 232 .
  • the desired portion of the electrode assembly 232 can be restrained.
  • the bite portion p can be arranged in combination with the force-bearing characteristics of the electrode assembly 232 when it is subjected to external forces, so as to further limit the degree of freedom of the required parts.
  • At least one adjacent positive electrode sheet 232 a and negative electrode sheet 232 b are configured on one side facing each other.
  • a plurality of recessed portions q are formed which are recessed away from each other.
  • an engaging portion p is formed between adjacent recessed portions q.
  • At least one adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and negative electrode piece 232b are provided with a side surface facing each other. Active layer; the recessed portion q is correspondingly formed on the active layer.
  • the positive electrode sheet 232a provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a first current collector c1 and a first active layer a1.
  • the first active layer a1 is covered in the thickness direction ⁇ (ie, the thickness direction ⁇ in the figure) of the first current collector c1.
  • the negative electrode sheet 232b includes a second current collector c2 and a second active layer a2.
  • the second active layer a2 covers at least one side of the first current collector c1 in the thickness direction ⁇ (ie, the thickness direction ⁇ in the figure).
  • the first current collector c1 and the second current collector c2 are components used to carry the active material, and their main function is to collect the current generated by the active material so as to form a larger current for external output. Therefore, the first current collector c1 and the second current collector c2 should be fully in contact with the active material, and the internal resistance should be as small as possible.
  • the first current collector c1 may be an aluminum foil, and when carrying a negative active material, the first current collector c1 may be a copper foil.
  • the first current collector c1 and the second current collector c2 may be single-layer components (for example, the first current collector c1 may be aluminum foil, and the first current collector c1 may be copper foil).
  • the first current collector c1 and the second current collector c2 may also be Can be a composite layer component.
  • the first current collector c1 and the second current collector c2 may include an intermediate layer and two current collector metal layers stacked on both sides of the intermediate layer, and the active material carries On the side away from the current collecting metal layer and the intermediate layer.
  • the middle layer may be a polymer support layer, specifically a polyethylene support layer, a polypropylene support layer, a polymethyl methacrylate support layer, a polystyrene support layer, etc.
  • the first active layer a1 is usually made by coating a slurry containing an active material on the first current collector c1 and then cold pressing.
  • the second active layer a2 is usually produced by coating the slurry containing the active material on the second current collector c2 and then cold pressing.
  • the active materials included in the first active layer a1 are cathode active materials, such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium cobalt oxide, nickel cobalt manganese ternary materials, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate.
  • the active materials included in the second active layer a2 are negative active materials, such as carbon negative electrode materials, tin-based negative electrode materials, lithium-containing transition metal nitride negative electrode materials, alloy negative electrode materials, and nanoscale negative electrode materials.
  • the first active layer a1 may be covered on both sides of the first current collector c1 in the thickness direction ⁇ , and the polarities of the first active layer a1 on both sides may be the same or different.
  • the two first active layers a1 covering both sides of the first current collector c1 in the thickness direction ⁇ have opposite polarities, with one serving as the positive active layer and the other serving as the negative active layer.
  • the second active layer a2 can be covered on both sides of the thickness direction ⁇ of the second current collector c2, and the polarity of the second active layer a2 on both sides can be the same or different.
  • the side of the second current collector c2 facing the adjacent positive electrode sheet 232a is covered with the second active layer a2.
  • the corresponding current collector can be coated with a slurry containing the active material and cold-pressed to form the corresponding active layer, and then the recessed portion can be etched on the active layer by etching. q, in this way, the required bite part p can be formed.
  • the required bite portion p can also be formed directly by coating or cold pressing.
  • the desired nip p is controlled by controlling the depression depth h1 of the cold pressing roller. The selection can be made according to the actual usage situation, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.
  • the required engaging portion p can be obtained by etching after cold pressing. In this way, the shaping of the engaging portion p can be easily controlled.
  • the recessed portion q on the active layer, it can not only avoid damage to the current collector in the electrode assembly 232 and reduce the risk of breakage of the electrode assembly 232, but also avoid pressure differences that may affect cell performance. On this basis, it is possible to avoid reducing the cold-pressed thickness h2 of the pole piece, thereby avoiding reducing the cell capacity and cell energy density.
  • the recess depth h1 of the recessed portion q and the thickness h2 of the active layer satisfy the condition: the ratio of h1 to h2 is about 0.03 to about 0.1.
  • the depression depth h1 is too large to meet the demand for lithium insertion, thereby avoiding lithium precipitation; on the other hand, it can be avoided that the depression depth h1 is too small, which makes it difficult to achieve effective bite between the matching bite parts p. Therefore, when an external force is applied, the engaging structure formed by the matching engaging portion p can generate a more effective binding force on the corresponding positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b.
  • the engaging portion p located on the positive electrode piece 232a is in clearance fit with the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode piece 232b.
  • the assembly gap between the engaging portion p located on the positive electrode piece 232a and the engaging portion p located on the corresponding negative electrode piece 232b is less than or equal to about 30 microns.
  • the lithium ions deintercalated from the positive electrode sheet 232a can be smoothly embedded in the negative electrode sheet 232b, thereby avoiding lithium deposition on the negative electrode sheet 232b.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell 20 , including a housing 22 and a battery core assembly 23 accommodated in the housing 22 .
  • the cell assembly 23 includes a separator 231 and an electrode assembly 232 in any of the above solutions.
  • the separator 231 is disposed between the positive electrode sheet 232a and the negative electrode sheet 232b. Because the battery cell 20 includes the above-mentioned electrode assembly 232, it has all the above-mentioned beneficial effects, which will not be described again here.
  • the ratio of the unit area capacity of the negative electrode sheet 232b to the unit area capacity of the positive electrode sheet 232a is greater than or equal to about 1.
  • the ratio of the unit area capacity of the negative electrode sheet 232b to the unit area capacity of the positive electrode sheet 232a is greater than or equal to approximately 1
  • the ratio of the number of lithium ions that can be embedded in the negative electrode sheet 232b to the number of lithium ions that can be deintercalated from the positive electrode sheet 232a is greater than or equal to approximately 1.
  • the lithium in the positive electrode sheet 232a is ionized to form lithium ions.
  • the lithium ions pass through the separator 231 and are embedded in the negative electrode sheet 232b. If the negative electrode sheet 232b cannot be embedded smoothly, the lithium ions will be precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode sheet 232b.
  • the ratio of the capacity per unit area of the negative electrode sheet 232b to the capacity per unit area of the positive electrode sheet 232a can be 1, 2, or 3. In this way, the material used for the negative electrode sheet 232b is more appropriate and the cost can be reduced.
  • the battery core assembly 23 has a wound structure. According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the battery core assembly 23 has a laminated structure. In this way, you can choose to use the battery core assembly 23 with a winding structure or the battery core assembly 23 with a laminated structure according to the usage requirements.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100 including the battery cell 20 in any of the above solutions. Because the battery 100 includes the above-mentioned electrode assembly 232, it has all the above-mentioned beneficial effects, which will not be described again here.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 in any of the above solutions, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy for the electrical device.
  • the power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b having the bite portion p can form an effective bite after shaping, so that an effective bite is formed between the adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b.
  • the support can limit the degree of freedom between the adjacent positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b when subjected to external force, to avoid causing relative movement between the positive electrode piece 232a and the negative electrode piece 232b, thereby reducing the alignment deviation band. Come risk.
  • the structure of the bite portion p can be designed, more gaps are generated between the adjacent positive electrode sheets 232a and negative electrode sheets 232b, which can provide more electrolyte storage space and ion channels, and effectively improve the electrolyte. Problems include slow infiltration speed and insufficient electrolyte retention. During the charging and discharging process of the battery 100, this gap can also reduce the expansion force generated to avoid cycle failure caused by excessive expansion force. Therefore, for the battery 100 using the electrode assembly 232, the reliability of the battery 100 is improved.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种电极组件(232)、电池单体(20)、电池(100)及用电装置。电极组件(232)包括交替设置的正极片(232a)和负极片(232b)。其中，至少一相邻的正极片(232a)和负极片(232b)朝向彼此的一侧表面设有咬合部(p)。位于正极片(232a)上的咬合部(p)与位于对应的负极片(232b)上的咬合部(p)构造为能够相互咬合，以能够限制相邻的正极片(232a)和负极片(232b)的自由度。位于正极片(232a)上的咬合部(p)与位于负极片(232b)上的咬合部(p)构造为沿预设方向延伸；其中，预设方向为以下中的任一种：预设方向与电极组件(232)的高度方向(H)平行，预设方向与电极组件(232)的高度方向(H)呈角度设置且预设方向与电极组件(232)的高度方向(H)彼此不垂直。

Description

电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年08月08日递交的名称为“电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的第202210942572.6号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
在电池受到外部作用力时，过大的作用力会导致正负极片错位，从而影响电池的可靠性。
发明内容
第一方面，根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种电极组件，包括交替设置的正极片和负极片。其中，至少一相邻的正极片和负极片朝向彼此的一侧表面设有咬合部。位于正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的负极片上的咬合部构造为能够相互咬合，以能够限制相邻的正极片和负极片的自由度。位于正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的负极片上的咬合部构造为沿预设方向延伸；其中，预设方向为以下中的任一种：预设方向与电极组件的高度方向平行，预设方向与电极组件的高度方向呈角度设置且预设方向与电极组件的高度方向彼此不垂直。
在一些实施例中，沿电极组件的厚度方向，咬合部的截面面积自咬合部所在极片的一侧表面，沿背离该咬合部所在极片的方向逐渐减小。
在一些实施例中，沿电极组件的厚度方向，咬合部的截面面积自咬合部所在极片的一侧表面，沿背离该咬合部所在极片的方向呈线性减小。
在一些实施例中，沿电极组件的厚度方向，咬合部的截面形状为三角形、梯形、弧形中的一种。
在一些实施例中，位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部包括多个，全部咬合部连续布置。
在一些实施例中，位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部包括多个，全部咬合部不连续布置。
在一些实施例中，位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部包括多个，全部咬合部布置于电极组件的第一侧；第一侧为电极组件上用于设置极耳的一侧的相对侧。
在一些实施例中，至少一相邻的正极片和负极片在朝向彼此的一侧表面构造形成有背离彼此凹陷的多个凹陷部；位于同一极片的同一侧表面上，相邻的凹陷部之间形成有咬合部。
在一些实施例中，至少一相邻的正极片和负极片朝向彼此的一侧表面设有活性层；凹陷部对应形成于活性层上。
在一些实施例中，凹陷部的凹陷深度与活性层的厚度的比值为约0.03至约0.1。
在一些实施例中，位于正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的负极片上的咬合部间隙配合。
在一些实施例中，位于正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的负极片上的咬合部的装配间隙小于等于约30微米。
第二方面，根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种电池单体，包括壳体及容纳于壳体内的电芯组件。电芯组件包括隔离件和上述任一实施例中的电极组件，隔离件设置于正极片和负极片之间。
在一些实施例中，负极片的单位面积容量与正极片的单位面积容量的比值大于或等于约1。
在一些实施例中，电芯组件为卷绕式结构。
在一些实施例中，电芯组件为叠片式结构。
第三方面，根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种电池，包括上述任一实施例中的电池单体。
第四方面，根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种用电装置，包括上述任一实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为相关技术一些实施例中的电芯组件的结构示意图；
图2为图1中A-A的断面图；
图3为图1中B-B的断面图；
图4为本申请一些实施例中的车辆的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例中的电池的分解结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例中的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例中的电芯组件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例中图7的C-C的断面图；
图9为图8中G处的局部放大结构示意图；
图10为图9中F处的局部放大结构示意图；
图11为本申请另一些实施例中图7的C-C的断面图；
图12为图11中I处的局部放大结构示意图；
图13为图12中J处的局部放大结构示意图；
图14为本申请又一些实施例中图7的C-C的断面图；
图15为图14中K处的局部放大结构示意图；
图16为图15中L处的局部放大结构示意图；
图17为图15中M处的局部放大结构示意图；
图18为本申请一些实施例中一个视角下正极片的结构示意图；
图19为本申请另一些实施例中一个视角下正极片的结构示意图；
图20为本申请又一些实施例中一个视角下正极片的结构示意图；
图21为本申请一些实施例中正极片和负极片相配合的局部放大结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
电芯组件1，正极片1a，负极片1b，隔离膜1c，正极耳1d，负极耳1e；
车辆1000；
电池100，控制器200，马达300；
电池箱体10，第一部分11，第二部分12；
电池单体20，端盖21，电极端子21a，壳体22，电芯组件23，隔离件231，电极组件232；
正极片232a，第一集流体c1，第一活性层a1，负极片232b，第二集流体c2，第二活性层a2，正极耳t1，负极耳t2；
咬合部p，凹陷部q；
第一侧f1，第二侧f2；
凹陷深度h1，厚度h2；
宽度方向W，厚度方向δ，高度方向H。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有” 以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请发明人注意到，在电池受到外部作用力时，过大的作用力会导致正负极片错位，从而影响电池的可靠性。
请参照图1至图3，图1为相关技术一些实施例中的电芯组件1的结构示意图，图2为图1中A-A的断面图，图3为图1中B-B的断面图。以叠片式的电芯组件1为例，该电芯组件1包括交替层叠设置的正极片1a、负极片1b、设置于相邻的正极片1a和负极片1b之间的隔离膜1c、设置于正极片1a上的正极耳1d以及设置于负极片1b上的负极耳1e。
本申请发明人进一步注意到，如图1所示，正极耳1d之间可以通过焊接方式固定， 负极耳1e之间也可以通过焊接方式固定。而如图2和图3所示，叠片式的电芯组件1在宽度方向上不受约束。由此，在电芯组件1受到外部作用力时，正极片1a与负极片1b之间容易发生相对滑移，从而使得叠片式的电芯组件1内产生对齐度偏差，恶化电池性能，导致产生安全问题，影响电池的可靠性。
为了缓解因正负极片之间容易发生相对滑移导致电池安全性能下降的问题，本申请发明人研究发现，至少可以给正负极片施加在宽度方向上的束缚力。具体为在容易发生相对滑移的正负极片中增加可以相互配合的结构，使得相对应的正负极片之间形成有效支撑，进而可避免在受到外部作用力时正负极片之间产生相对滑移。
基于以上考虑，为了缓解因正负极片产生相对滑移导致电池安全性能下降的问题，本申请发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电极组件，通过在至少一相邻的正极片和负极片朝向彼此的一侧表面设有咬合部，相对应的咬合部之间能够相互咬合。在电池受到外部作用力时，相互咬合的咬合部可以对至少一相邻的正极片和负极片之间产生相互作用力，对该正极片和该负极片产生束缚，避免该正极片和该负极片在外部作用力的影响下产生相对滑移，进而能够避免因正负极片错位而恶化电池性能的问题，提高了电池的可靠性。
本申请实施例公开的极片用于制备电池单体，电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于缓解因析锂降低电池性能的问题，提升电池性能的稳定性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括电池箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于电池箱体10内。其中，电池箱体10用于为电池 单体20提供容纳空间，电池箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，电池箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的电池箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于电池箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于电池箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图6，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体 22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
请参照图7至图10，图7为本申请一些实施例中的电芯组件23的结构示意图；图8为本申请一些实施例中图7的C-C的断面图；图9为图8中G处的局部放大结构示意图；图10为图9中F处的局部放大结构示意图。其中，W所指为电芯组件23的宽度方向，δ所指为电芯组件23的厚度方向，H所指为电芯组件23的高度方向。电芯组件23是电池单体100中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片232a和负极片232b卷绕或层叠放置形成(图7至图10所示电芯组件23为叠片式结构)，并且通常在正极片232a和负极片232b之间设有隔离件231。隔离件231用于隔离正极片232a和负极片232b，并使电池单体20内的电子不能自由穿过，让电解液中的离子在正极片232a和负极片232b之间自由流动。隔离件231可以是PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)、PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)等材料制备而成的薄膜件。
正极片232a和负极片232b具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件23的主体部，正极片232a和负极片232b不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极耳t1和负极耳t2可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端(图7至图10所示正极耳t1和负极耳t2共同位于主体部的一端)。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图8至图10，并请进一步参照图7，本申请提供了一种电极组件232，该电极组件232包括交替设置的正极片232a和负极片232b。至少一相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b朝向彼此的一侧表面设有咬合部p。位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p构造为能够相互咬合，以能够限制相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b的自由度。
以图8至图10为例，示例性的，正极片232a在厚度方向δ上相对设置的两个表面均设置有咬合部p。与正极片232a相邻的两个负极片232b中，该两个负极片232b朝向该正极片232a的一侧表面均设有咬合部p。可以结合实际使用工况中的受力情况，对应设置咬合部p，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
需要说明的是，“位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p构造为能够相互咬合”指的是相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b朝向彼此的一侧表面上配合设置有凸起和凹陷，通过凸起和凹陷的配合能够形成相互接触卡住的咬合关系。“限制相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b的自由度”指的是通过前述所言能够形成相互接触卡住的咬合关系，使得正极片232a和负极片232b之间能够更为紧密地连接在一起，以在相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b的至少其中之一受到外部作用力时，由于相邻的正极片232a和负极片 232b之间具有咬合关系，相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b之间可以对彼此产生一定的束缚。产生的束缚力的方向即可以理解为限制了该方向上的自由度。还可以理解的是，产生的束缚力的方向与咬合部p的构造、外部作用力的方向相关。而一旦设置有能够相互咬合的咬合部p，即是在设置有咬合部p的部位形成了相对固定的关系。换言之，该相对固定的关系能够限制相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b的自由度。
可以理解的是，可以根据使用需要对任一相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b设置能够相互咬合的咬合部p，具体设置形式和数量本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
因此，通过在至少一相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b朝向彼此的一侧表面设有咬合部p，相对应的咬合部p之间能够相互咬合。在电池100受到外部作用力时，相互咬合的咬合部p可以对至少一相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b之间产生相互作用力，对该正极片232a和该负极片232b产生束缚，避免该正极片232a和该负极片232b在外部作用力的影响下产生相对滑移，进而能够避免因正负极片错位而恶化电池100性能的问题，提高了电池100的可靠性。而咬合部p的结构，使得相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b之间产生有更多的间隙，可以提供更多的电解液存储空间和离子通道，有效改善电解液浸润速度慢以及电解液保液不足的问题。在电池100的充放电过程中，该间隙还可以降低产生的膨胀力，避免因膨胀力过大而引起循环失效。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参考图8至图10，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，咬合部p的截面面积自咬合部p所在极片的一侧表面，沿背离咬合部p所在极片的方向逐渐减小。
其中，电芯组件23的宽度方向也为电极组件232的宽度方向，电芯组件23的厚度方向也为电极组件232的厚度方向，电芯组件23的高度方向也为电极组件232的高度方向。也即是，电极组件232的宽度方向也为W，电极组件232的厚度方向也为δ，电极组件232的高度方向也为H。
由于咬合部p的截面面积是逐渐减小的，相互咬合的咬合部p之间可以形成类似楔形结构的受力结构，可以更进一步增大对对应的正极片232a和负极片232b的束缚力。如此，可以更进一步避免该正极片232a和该负极片232b在外部作用力的影响下产生相对滑移。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参考图8至图10，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，咬合部p的截面面积自咬合部p所在极片的一侧表面，沿背离咬合部p所在极片的方向呈线性减小。
呈线性减小是指沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，咬合部p的截面面积减小的速度均匀，呈直线形下降。此时，咬合部p易于成型，也有助于相互咬合的咬合部p形成的咬合结构在受力时可以达到更为稳定的状态。进而，也可以使得对应的正极片232a和负极片232b在外部作用力的影响下还能保持更为稳定的状态。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参考图8至图10，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，咬合部p的截面形状为三角形。根据本申请的另一些实施例，可选地，请参考图11至图13，图11为本申请另一些实施例中图7的C-C的断面图，图12为图11中I处的局部放大结构示意图，图13为图12中J处的局部放大结构示意图，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，咬合部p的截面形状为弧形。根据本申请的又一些实施例，可选地，请参考图14至图17，图14为本申请又一些实施例中图7的C-C的断面图，图15为图14中K处的局部放大结构示意图，图16为图15中L处的局部放大结构示意图，图17为图15中M处的局部放大结构示意图，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，咬合部p的截面形状为梯形。
需要说明的是，位于同一极片上不同侧的咬合部p的形状可以相同，也可以不同。例如，图8、图11和图14所示的正极片232a的不同侧的咬合部p的形状是相同的。在相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b中，位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p的形状可以相同，也可以不同。例如，图8和图11所示的在相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b中，位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p的形状相同。又例如，图14至图17所示的在相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b中，位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p的形状不同。只要可以实现相对应的咬合部p能够相互咬合即可，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
如此，可以通过设计咬合部p的结构，实现所需要的能够相互配合的咬合结构。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，咬合部p构造为沿预设方向延伸，预设方向与电极组件232的宽度方向W平行。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，可选地，咬合部p构造为沿预设方向延伸，预设方向与电极组件232的高度方向H平行。
根据本申请的又一些实施例，可选地，咬合部p构造为沿预设方向延伸，预设方向与电极组件232的高度方向H呈角度设置且预设方向与电极组件232的高度方向H彼此不垂直。该角度可以是10°、20°、50°、100°、120°等。可以根据实际使用情况进行设置，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
例如，请参考图18，图18为本申请一些实施例中一个视角下正极片232a的结构示意图，图18示出预设方向与电极组件232的高度方向H平行，正极片232a上的咬合部p沿电极组件232的高度方向H延伸的情形。
又例如，请参考图19，图19为本申请另一些实施例中一个视角下正极片232a的结构示意图，图19示出预设方向与电极组件232的宽度方向W平行，正极片232a上的咬合部p沿电极组件232的宽度方向W延伸的情形。
再例如，请参考图20，图20为本申请又一些实施例中一个视角下正极片232a的结构示意图，图20示出预设方向与电极组件232的高度方向H呈角度设置，正极片232a上的 咬合部p的延伸方向与电极组件232的高度方向H呈角度设置，且该角度为锐角的情形。
可选地，在该电极组件232应用于如图7所示的叠片式结构的电芯组件23时，由于叠片式结构在高度方向H上有焊接固定的正极耳t1以及焊接固定的负极耳t2进行束缚，可以将咬合部p构造为沿电极组件232的高度方向H延伸。如此，可以借助咬合部p对正极片232a和负极片232b在沿电极组件232的宽度方向W上进行束缚，可以更进一步有效避免在滥用工况下正极片232a和负极片232b沿电极组件232的宽度方向W上的位移，进而避免产生对齐度偏差。
因此，通过构造咬合部p的延伸方向，可以在不同方向上对相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b的自由度的限制进行调整，得到所需的咬合部p的延伸方向。如此，可以根据实际使用情况，设置所需的预设方向。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部p包括多个，全部咬合部p不连续布置。
根据本申请的又一些实施例，可选地，位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部p包括多个，全部咬合部p连续布置。
需要说明的是，“连续布置”指的是位于同一极片的同一表面的全部咬合部p沿所需要的方向依次布置，且相邻的咬合部p之间相连接。沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，位于同一极片的同一表面的全部咬合部p的截面形状包括一种或多种，形成了连续分布。“不连续布置”指的是位于同一极片的同一表面的全部咬合部p沿所需要的方向依次布置，且至少一相邻的咬合部p之间具有间隔。沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，位于同一极片的同一表面的全部咬合部p的截面形状包括一种或多种，形成了不连续分布。
例如，以图8和图11为例，在位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部p包括多个，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，全部咬合部p的截面形状为同一形状时，沿全部咬合部p的布置方向，相邻的咬合部p之间相连接，形成了连续布置的结构。又例如，以图14至图17为例，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，如图16所示，位于正极片232a的同一表面的全部咬合部p的截面形状为梯形，且相邻的咬合部p之间相连接，形成了连续布置的结构。相对应地，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，位于负极片232b的同一表面的全部咬合部p的截面形状为三角形，可以看到，如图17所示，相邻的咬合部p之间具有间隔，形成了不连续布置的结构。再例如，以图21为例，图21为本申请一些实施例中正极片232a和负极片232b相配合的局部放大结构示意图(为便于说明，省略了隔离件231，仅示出了正极片232a的第一活性层a1和负极片232b的第二活性层a2)，沿电极组件232的厚度方向δ，位于正极片232a的同一表面的全部咬合部p的截面形状包括三角形和梯形，且相邻的咬合部p之间相连接，形成了连续布置的结构。相对应地，位于负极片232b的同一表面的全部咬合部p的截面形状为三角形，有的相邻的咬合部p之间相连接，有的相邻的咬合部p之间具有间隔，形成了不连续布置的 结构。
根据本申请的又一些实施例，可选地，位于同一极片的同一表面的咬合部p包括多个，全部咬合部p布置于电极组件232的第一侧f1，第一侧f1为第二侧f2的相对侧，第二侧f2为电极组件232上用于设置极耳的一侧。如此，咬合部p和极耳分别在电极组件232的不同侧对电极组件232产生束缚。
因此，通过设计咬合部p的布置方式，可以对电极组件232中所需部位进行束缚。如此，可以结合电极组件232受到外部作用力时的受力特性来布置咬合部p，以更进一步实现所需部位的自由度的限制。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参照图8至图10，并结合参照图11和图14，至少一相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b在朝向彼此的一侧表面构造形成有背离彼此凹陷的多个凹陷部q。位于同一极片的同一侧表面上，相邻的凹陷部q之间形成有咬合部p。
如此，通过借助电极组件232的结构特点，设置凹陷部q的形式来形成咬合部p，便于制造，且易于成型。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参照图8至图10，并结合参照图11和图14，至少一相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b朝向彼此的一侧表面设有活性层；凹陷部q对应形成于活性层上。
本申请实施例提供的正极片232a包括第一集流体c1及第一活性层a1，第一活性层a1覆设于第一集流体c1的厚度方向δ(即图示中的厚度方向δ)的至少一侧。负极片232b包括第二集流体c2及第二活性层a2，第二活性层a2覆设于第一集流体c1的厚度方向δ(即图示中的厚度方向δ)的至少一侧。
第一集流体c1和第二集流体c2是用于承载活性物质的构件，其作用主要是将活性物质产生的电流汇集起来以便形成较大的电流对外输出。因此，第一集流体c1和第二集流体c2应与活性物质充分接触，并且内阻应尽可能小为佳。根据所承载的活性物质不同，当承载正极活性物质，第一集流体c1可以是铝箔，当承载负极活性物质，第一集流体c1可以是铜箔。
第一集流体c1和第二集流体c2可以是单层构件(如第一集流体c1可以是铝箔、第一集流体c1可以是铜箔)，第一集流体c1和第二集流体c2也可以是复合层构件。当第一集流体c1和第二集流体c2是复合层构件，第一集流体c1和第二集流体c2可以包括中间层及层叠在中间层两侧的两层集流金属层，活性材料承载在集流金属层与中间层相背离的一侧。中间层可以是高分子支撑层，具体可以是聚乙烯支撑层、聚丙烯撑层、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯支撑层、聚苯乙烯支撑层等等。
第一活性层a1通常是由包含有活性材料的浆料涂覆于第一集流体c1后经冷压制得。相应地，第二活性层a2通常是由包含有活性材料的浆料涂覆于第二集流体c2后经冷压制得。第一活性层a1所包含的活性材料则为正极活性材料，如磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂、钴酸锂、镍钴锰 三元材料与镍钴铝酸锂等。第二活性层a2所包含的活性材料则为负极活性材料，如碳负极材料、锡基负极材料、含锂过渡金属氮化物负极材料、合金类负极材料和纳米级负极材料等。
可以在第一集流体c1的厚度方向δ的两侧均覆设第一活性层a1，且两侧的第一活性层a1的极性可以相同也可以不同。通常，覆设在第一集流体c1厚度方向δ的两侧的两个第一活性层a1极性相反，一个作为正极活性层另一作为负极活性层。相对应的，可以在第二集流体c2的厚度方向δ的两侧均覆设第二活性层a2，且两侧的第二活性层a2的极性可以相同也可以不同。对于最外侧的负极片232b而言，第二集流体c2面向相邻的正极片232a的一侧覆设第二活性层a2。
当凹陷部q形成于活性层上时，可以在对应的集流体上涂覆包含有活性材料的浆料的冷压形成对应的活性层之后，利用蚀刻的方式在活性层上蚀刻加工出凹陷部q，如此，可以形成所需要的咬合部p。当然，也可以直接通过涂覆或者冷压的方式形成所需要的咬合部p。例如，通过冷压辊的凹陷深度h1来控制得到所需要的咬合部p。可以根据实际使用情形进行选择，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。可选地，可以通过冷压后再进行蚀刻的方式获得所需要的咬合部p，如此，咬合部p的成型易于控制。
如此，通过在活性层上形成凹陷部q，不仅可以避免对电极组件232中的集流体造成损伤，降低电极组件232断裂的风险，还可以避免带来压密差异，进而避免影响电芯性能。在此基础之上，能够避免降低极片的冷压厚度h2，进而避免降低电芯容量和电芯能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请继续参照图9、图12和图15，凹陷部q的凹陷深度h1与活性层的厚度h2满足条件：h1与h2的比值为约0.03至约0.1。
一方面，可以避免凹陷深度h1过大而无法满足嵌锂需求，进而避免发生析锂；另一方面，可以避免凹陷深度h1过小而导致难以实现相配合的咬合部p之间有效的咬合，从而使得在受到外部作用力时，相配合的咬合部p形成的咬合结构可以对对应的正极片232a和负极片232b产生更为有效地束缚力。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p间隙配合。
如此，可以避免因过盈配合而导致对应的正极片232a与负极片232b之间产生挤压，进而降低了断裂的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，位于正极片232a上的咬合部p与位于对应的负极片232b上的咬合部p的装配间隙小于等于约30微米。
可以避免因间隙过大而导致后续电池100使用过程中锂离子迁移路径过长，如此，使得从正极片232a脱嵌的锂离子能够顺利嵌入负极片232b，避免在负极片232b出现析锂。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池单体20，包括壳体22及容纳于壳体22内的电芯组件23。如图7所示，结合参照图8，电芯组件23包括隔离件231和以上 任一方案中的电极组件232，隔离件231设置于正极片232a和负极片232b之间。因为该电池单体20中包括上述电极组件232，因此其具备上述所有有益效果，在此不赘述。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，负极片232b的单位面积容量与正极片232a的单位面积容量的比值大于或等于约1。
负极片232b的单位面积容量与正极片232a的单位面积容量的比值大于等于约1时，负极片232b可嵌入的锂离子数量与正极片232a可脱嵌的锂离子数量的比值大于或等于约1。
在充电过程中，正极片232a中的锂被电离形成锂离子，锂离子进入电解液后经过隔离件231而嵌入到负极片232b中，若不能顺利嵌入负极片232b则会析出在负极片232b表面。具体地，负极片232b的单位面积容量与正极片232a的单位面积容量的比值可以为1、2、3，如此，负极片232b材料用料较为适当，可降低成本。
此时，可保证从正极片232a脱嵌的锂离子能够顺利嵌入负极片232b，避免在负极片232b出现析锂。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，电芯组件23为卷绕式结构。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，电芯组件23为叠片式结构。如此，可以根据使用需求，选择使用卷绕式结构的电芯组件23或者叠片式结构的电芯组件23。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括以上任一方案中的电池单体20。因为该电池100中包括上述电极组件232，因此其具备上述所有有益效果，在此不赘述。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案中的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
综上所述，本申请提供的电极组件232中，具备有咬合部p的正极片232a和负极片232b在整形后可以形成有效咬合，使得相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b之间形成有效支撑，在受到外部作用力时，可以限制相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b之间的自由度，避免引起正极片232a和负极片232b之间的相对移动，进而降低了因对齐度偏差带来的风险。同时，由于可以对咬合部p的结构进行设计，使得相邻的正极片232a和负极片232b之间产生有更多的间隙，可以提供更多的电解液存储空间和离子通道，有效改善电解液浸润速度慢以及电解液保液不足的问题。在电池100的充放电过程中，该间隙还可以降低产生的膨胀力，避免因膨胀力过大而引起循环失效。因此，对于应用有该电极组件232的电池100而言，提高了该电池100的可靠性。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同 替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电极组件，其中，包括交替设置的正极片和负极片；
    其中，至少一相邻的所述正极片和所述负极片朝向彼此的一侧表面设有咬合部；
    位于所述正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的所述负极片上的咬合部构造为能够相互咬合，以能够限制相邻的所述正极片和所述负极片的自由度；
    位于所述正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的所述负极片上的咬合部构造为沿预设方向延伸；其中，所述预设方向为以下中的任一种：所述预设方向与所述电极组件的高度方向平行，所述预设方向与所述电极组件的高度方向呈角度设置且所述预设方向与所述电极组件的高度方向彼此不垂直。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，沿所述电极组件的厚度方向，所述咬合部的截面面积自所述咬合部所在极片的一侧表面，沿背离所述咬合部所在极片的方向逐渐减小。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电极组件，其中，沿所述电极组件的厚度方向，所述咬合部的截面面积自所述咬合部所在极片的一侧表面，沿背离所述咬合部所在极片的方向呈线性减小。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电极组件，其中，沿所述电极组件的厚度方向，所述咬合部的截面形状为三角形、梯形、弧形中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电极组件，其中，位于同一极片的同一表面的所述咬合部包括多个，全部所述咬合部连续布置。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电极组件，其中，位于同一极片的同一表面的所述咬合部包括多个，全部所述咬合部不连续布置。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电极组件，其中，位于同一极片的同一表面的所述咬合部包括多个，全部所述咬合部布置于所述电极组件上用于设置极耳的一侧的相对侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电极组件，其中，至少一相邻的所述正极片和所述负极片在朝向彼此的一侧表面构造形成有背离彼此凹陷的多个凹陷部；
    位于同一极片的同一侧表面上，相邻的所述凹陷部之间形成有所述咬合部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电极组件，其中，至少一相邻的所述正极片和所述负极片朝向彼此的一侧表面设有活性层；
    所述凹陷部对应形成于所述活性层上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电极组件，其中，所述凹陷部的凹陷深度与所述活性层的厚度比值为约0.03至约0.1。
  11. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电极组件，其中，位于所述正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的所述负极片上的咬合部间隙配合。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电极组件，其中，位于所述正极片上的咬合部与位于对应的 所述负极片上的咬合部的装配间隙小于等于约30微米。
  13. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    壳体；及
    电芯组件，容纳于所述壳体内，所述电芯组件包括隔离件和如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电极组件，所述隔离件设置于所述正极片和所述负极片之间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述负极片的单位面积容量与所述正极片的单位面积容量的比值大于或等于约1。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述电芯组件为卷绕式结构。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述电芯组件为叠片式结构。
  17. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求13至16中任一项所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求17所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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