WO2024017273A1 - 净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置和净化餐饮油烟的方法 - Google Patents

净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置和净化餐饮油烟的方法 Download PDF

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WO2024017273A1
WO2024017273A1 PCT/CN2023/108036 CN2023108036W WO2024017273A1 WO 2024017273 A1 WO2024017273 A1 WO 2024017273A1 CN 2023108036 W CN2023108036 W CN 2023108036W WO 2024017273 A1 WO2024017273 A1 WO 2024017273A1
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corona
purification device
module
vocs
plasma purification
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PCT/CN2023/108036
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张星
迟玉斌
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苏州科技大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/10—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of electrodes moving during separating action
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687—Organic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/78—Cleaning the electrodes by washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0275—Other waste gases from food processing plants or kitchens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the disclosure of this application relates to the technical field of air pollution control, and in particular to a plasma purification device for purifying catering oil fumes and a method for purifying catering oil fumes.
  • Catering oil fume refers to a three-phase mixture of solid, liquid, and gas produced during food cooking and food processing, including solid particles and liquid oil droplets, as well as alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other volatile Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
  • VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
  • catering oil fume emissions are characterized by large volume, wide coverage, and dispersion. They usually exist in the gaseous or aerosol state in the environmental medium. VOCs in oil fume are important precursors and participants of PM2.5 and O 3 and can not only interact with SO 2. NO x , etc. undergo photochemical reactions to form photochemical smog.
  • Non-equilibrium plasma technology can produce a large number of high-energy electrons and highly oxidizing active particles such as hydroxyl radicals and ozone under normal temperature and pressure conditions. It can react and degrade VOCs gaseous pollutants in catering fumes to generate CO 2 , H 2 O and other non-toxic or low-toxic small molecule substances.
  • This technology has many advantages such as high purification efficiency, convenient operation and management, and low energy consumption, and is widely used in the field of flue gas purification.
  • the present invention proposes a plasma purification device for purifying catering oil fume and a method for purifying catering oil fume based on plasma technology.
  • catering oil fume purification technologies mainly include mechanical separation, filtration and adsorption, electrostatic deposition, wet washing, etc.
  • electrostatic deposition has higher purification efficiency than other technical methods, and can effectively remove solid particles and liquid oil droplets in catering fumes.
  • electrostatic deposition cannot control VOCs gaseous pollutants, causing secondary pollution to the environment.
  • existing catering oil fume purification devices generally have problems such as low purification efficiency.
  • embodiments of the present invention propose a plasma purification device for purifying catering oil fumes and a method for purifying catering oil fumes. It is expected that the content of catering oil fumes can be controlled. of oil fume particles and VOCs.
  • a plasma purification device for purifying catering oil smoke wherein the plasma purification device sequentially includes in the direction of air flow:
  • a rotating discharge module configured to negatively charge the oil fume particles in the catering oil smoke with a particle size ranging from 2 to 50 microns;
  • An electrostatic adsorption module configured to capture negatively charged oil fume particles
  • Anti-corona catalytic module configured to treat VOCs in catering fumes
  • the rotating discharge module includes a central rod arranged parallel to the direction of air flow and a plurality of thorn corona electrodes arranged around the central rod.
  • the central rod can rotate and drive the thorn corona electrodes to rotate. After the corona electrode is energized, the fume particles in the catering fume are negatively charged.
  • a method for purifying catering oil fume uses the plasma purification device for purifying catering oil fume according to the previous embodiment to perform purification processing.
  • the method includes:
  • the oil fume particles in the catering oil fume entering the plasma purification device with a particle size between 2-50 microns are negatively charged;
  • Figure 1 shows a plasma purification device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a method for purifying catering oil fumes according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plasma purification device for purifying catering oil fumes sequentially includes in the direction of air flow: an air inlet; and is configured to make the Rotating discharge module for negatively charging oil smoke particles with a particle size between 2-50 microns; an electrostatic adsorption module configured to capture negatively charged oil smoke particles; a reverse corona catalytic module configured to process VOCs in catering oil smoke; air outlet , wherein the rotating discharge module includes a central rod arranged parallel to the direction of air flow and a plurality of thorn corona electrodes arranged around the central rod. The central rod can rotate and drive the thorn corona electrodes to rotate. The thorn corona electrodes are rotated. After the corona electrode is energized, the fume particles in the catering fume are negatively charged.
  • tip discharge occurs after the burr corona electrode in the rotating discharge module is energized, causing the surrounding gas to be negatively charged, so that the particle size in the catering oil fume ranges from 2 to 50 microns.
  • the oil fume particles are negatively charged, allowing them to be captured by the electrostatic adsorption module; and the center rod and thorn corona electrode in the rotating discharge module can rotate at high speed to generate centrifugal force, which causes deposition on the center rod and/or thorn corona electrode.
  • the oil fume particles on the device leave the central rod and/or the thorn corona electrode, allowing more oil fume particles to be captured by the electrostatic adsorption module, thereby improving treatment efficiency.
  • the anti-corona catalytic module can process VOCs in catering fumes, such as oxidizing VOCs into carbon dioxide and water, thus solving the problem of secondary pollution caused by VOCs emissions.
  • various modules are organically arranged to achieve coordinated control of various pollutants such as oil fume particles and VOCs in catering oil fumes. It has a simple structure, can be modularly assembled, and is easy to operate. , low energy consumption, long service life and other advantages.
  • FIG 1 shows a plasma purification device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the plasma purification device 100 sequentially includes an air inlet 10, a rotating discharge module 30, an electrostatic adsorption module 50, and a counter corona module in the direction of air flow (in Figure 1, the air flow flows from left to right).
  • Catalytic module 60 and gas outlet 70 the plasma purification device 100 may also be provided with a housing as needed.
  • the air inlet 10 allows catering fumes to enter the plasma purification device 100 .
  • the air inlet 10 is provided at the left end of the housing.
  • the rotating discharge module 30 causes the oil fume particles in the catering oil smoke with a particle size ranging from 2 to 50 microns to be negatively charged. Oil smoke particles with a particle size between 0.01-2 microns are difficult to be charged because their particle size is too small.
  • the rotating discharge module 30 includes a central rod 32 and a plurality of spiked corona electrodes 34 .
  • the central rod 32 is arranged parallel to the direction of air flow.
  • a plurality of spiked corona electrodes 34 are arranged around the central rod 32 . After the spike corona electrode 34 is energized, tip discharge occurs, causing the gas to be negatively charged.
  • the center rod 32 can be energized with DC high voltage, thereby energizing the thorn corona electrode 34. Then, discharge occurs at the tip of the spike corona electrode 34 .
  • the central rod 32 can rotate and drive the spike corona electrode 34 to rotate, thereby generating centrifugal force in the rotating discharge module 30 .
  • the centrifugal force can remove the oil smoke particles deposited on the central rod 32 and the thorn corona electrode 34, so that more oil smoke particles are adsorbed by the electrostatic adsorption module 50, thereby improving the treatment efficiency.
  • the central rod 32 can be rotated driven by a rotating motor, thereby causing the burr corona motor 34 to rotate.
  • the electrostatic adsorption module 50 captures the negatively charged oil smoke particles and prevents the oil smoke particles from being deposited in the anti-corona catalytic module 60 so as not to affect the efficiency of processing VOCs.
  • the anti-corona catalytic module 60 processes VOCs in catering oil fume and solves the problem of secondary pollution caused by catering oil fume emissions.
  • the air outlet 70 allows the catering oil smoke to leave the plasma purification device 100, for example, into the atmospheric environment.
  • the air outlet 70 is provided at the right end of the housing.
  • the plasma purification device 100 is further provided with an air flow distribution plate 20 between the air inlet 10 and the rotating discharge module 30 .
  • the air flow distribution plate 20 is used to guide and distribute air, so that the catering oil fume entering the plasma purification device 100 is evenly distributed inside the plasma purification device 100 .
  • a plurality of spiked corona electrodes 34 are arranged in a predetermined pattern around the center rod 32 .
  • the predetermined pattern includes a cylindrical shape, a single spiral shape, a double spiral shape, a serpentine shape or a cone shape.
  • the predetermined pattern includes a plurality of rings arranged at intervals, wherein each ring is provided with a plurality of thorn corona electrodes 34 arranged at intervals, so that the thorn corona electrodes 34 can be more evenly spaced from the center rod 32 Distributed from left end to right end.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can set the shape of the predetermined pattern as needed.
  • the distance from the burrs of the burr corona electrode 34 to the central rod 32 is arranged according to a predetermined rule.
  • the predetermined rule may be that the distance from the thorn to the center pole is of different lengths.
  • the distance from the thorns to the center rod 32 can be arranged according to a predetermined rule of one long and one short (optionally, the short distance is half of the long distance).
  • the distance from the thorns to the center rod 32 may be arranged according to predetermined rules in the form of waves. The distance between the burrs of the burr corona electrode and the center rod gradually decreases from left to right and then gradually increases into a wavy or conical arrangement.
  • the burr corona electrode 34 rotates (for example, at 50-200 rpm)
  • the burrs arranged in different lengths help to form eddy currents in the rotating discharge area.
  • eddy current can increase the charging probability of catering oil fume particles; on the other hand, it can cause smaller catering oil fume particles to adhere to each other to form larger catering oil fume particles.
  • the purification efficiency of catering oil fume particles can be improved. significantly improved.
  • the burrs of the burr power electrode 34 form a predetermined angle with the axis of the central rod 32 .
  • the burrs are arranged at an angle relative to the axis of the central rod 32, specifically 10-80 degrees (eg, 30-60 degrees), or 100-170 degrees (eg, 120-150 degrees).
  • the cross-section of the predetermined pattern is a fishbone pattern.
  • eddy current can increase the charging probability of catering oil fume particles; on the other hand, it can cause smaller catering oil fume particles to adhere to each other to form larger catering oil fume particles.
  • the purification efficiency of catering oil fume particles can be improved. significantly improved.
  • the centrifugal force generated by the burr corona electrode 34 at the bottom of the cone is greater than the centrifugal force generated by the burr corona electrode 34 at the tip of the cone, it may be
  • the spiked corona electrode 34 is positioned with the tip of the cone closer to the air inlet than the bottom of the cone to ensure that the airflow entering the electrostatic adsorption module 50 contains less particulate contaminants.
  • the barbed corona electrode 34 is made of at least one of bristle, nylon wire, steel wire and copper wire; the center rod 32 is made of at least one of iron wire and stainless steel wire. Therefore, compared with the rotating discharge module 30 composed of tungsten wire, the embodiment of the present invention can achieve a lower cost.
  • the length of the spiked corona electrode 34 is determined according to the height of the inner wall of the housing.
  • the length of the burr corona electrode 34 may be no less than 1/4 of the height of the inner wall, that is, it is preferably expected that the burr corona electrode 34 occupies at least half of the cavity of the housing. Those skilled in the art can set it as needed.
  • the electrostatic adsorption module 50 includes an adsorption plate 52 , a connecting rod 54 and a plate frame 56 .
  • One end of the adsorption plate 52 is connected to the connecting rod 54 , and the other end is connected to the bottom end of the plate frame 56 .
  • the electrostatic adsorption module 50 is powered by a positive high-voltage DC power supply, so that the adsorption plate 52 is positively charged.
  • the oil smoke particles are adsorbed to the adsorption plate 52 through Coulomb force, preventing the oil smoke particles from reaching the subsequent anti-corona catalytic module.
  • the plasma purification device 100 is further provided with an automatic cleaning module 40 between the rotating discharge module 30 and the electrostatic adsorption module 50 .
  • the automatic cleaning module 40 can remove the oil smoke particles collected on the surface of the electrostatic adsorption module 50 .
  • the automatic cleaning module 40 includes at least one nozzle provided on the inner wall of the plasma purification device 100 .
  • the plasma purification device 100 includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or more nozzles.
  • the at least one nozzle sprays the cleaning liquid at a speed of 2-10 m/s (eg 5-8 m/s).
  • the plasma purification device includes four nozzles, which are respectively arranged at four corners near the entrance of the electrostatic adsorption module 50. Each nozzle can rotate 360 degrees to spray as much as possible to each adsorption plate. location. Those skilled in the art can select the cleaning liquid and the amount of the cleaning liquid as needed.
  • the counter-corona catalytic module 60 sequentially includes: a corona electrode 62, an auxiliary electrode 64, an integrated VOCs catalyst 66 and a ground electrode 68 in the direction of air flow.
  • the corona electrode 62 and the auxiliary electrode 64 are respectively powered by two negative high-voltage DC power supplies.
  • the corona electrode 62 causes the gas near the corona electrode 62 to be ionized to generate a large amount of negative charges. It can interact with the integral VOCs catalyst 66 to form counter-corona plasma.
  • the corona electrode 62 can be made of tungsten wire, and the diameter of the tungsten wire is between 2-6 mm.
  • the auxiliary electrode 64 suppresses the corona electrode 62 discharge from developing into a spark discharge.
  • the auxiliary electrode 64 can be made of tungsten wire, and the diameter of the tungsten wire is between 2-6 mm.
  • the integrated VOCs catalyst 66 includes a honeycomb base and a VOCs catalyst coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb base.
  • the honeycomb matrix of the integral VOCs catalyst 66 is made of cordierite, foam metal (nickel), alumina or silicon carbide.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb base include whiskers.
  • the whiskers on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb substrate include mullite whiskers, aluminum borate whiskers or silicon carbide whiskers.
  • the monolithic VOCs catalyst is prepared by coating the VOCs catalyst on the inner and outer surfaces of a honeycomb substrate and performing drying and roasting treatments.
  • the corona electrode 62 causes the gas near the corona electrode 62 to be ionized during the discharge process to generate a large amount of negative charges, which are accumulated on the internal and external surfaces of the integrated VOCs catalyst 66; the accumulated charges are generated in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix Superimposed electric field, when the field strength of the superimposed electric field reaches or exceeds the breakdown field strength of the whiskers on the surface of the pores inside the honeycomb matrix, reverse corona plasma is generated.
  • the charged oil fume particles are reversely sputtered and captured by the electrostatic adsorption module 50 to avoid the deposition of oil fume particles on the surface of the VOCs catalyst, prevent poisoning and deactivation of the VOCs catalyst, and extend the service life of the VOCs catalyst.
  • counter-corona plasma is generated in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix, thereby forming a plasma reaction channel.
  • the free electrons, high-energy ions, and active particles generated in the plasma reaction channel interact with N 2 and O 2 to generate ⁇ N, ⁇ O, ⁇ OH active groups; ⁇ N, ⁇ O, ⁇ OH active groups are closely combined with the active components of the VOCs catalyst (such as Ce and Cu) on the internal and external surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66 to give full play to
  • the advantages of high plasma reactivity and VOCs high reaction selectivity activate the VOCs catalyst reaction activity, improve the anti-corona plasma reaction selectivity, and promote the VOCs reaction to occur at normal or low temperatures.
  • the VOCs in catering fumes are oxidized to H 2 O and O 2 .
  • the auxiliary electrode 64 suppresses the corona electrode 62 discharge from developing into a spark discharge.
  • the purified catering oil smoke is discharged from the plasma purification device 100 through the air outlet 70 .
  • the preparation method of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66 includes: providing whisker raw materials, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate in a predetermined ratio with a honeycomb matrix and making the honeycomb matrix be covered with the whisker raw materials, anhydrous Aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate are embedded to obtain a mixed material; the mixed material is roasted at 900-1200°C for 2-12 hours and then cooled, and whiskers grow on the surface of the honeycomb matrix; a VOCs catalyst is provided powder and mix the VOCs catalyst powder with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol, and water in a predetermined ratio to obtain a VOCs catalyst slurry; apply the VOCs catalyst slurry to the honeycomb base The internal and external surfaces are dried and then calcined to obtain a monolithic VOCs catalyst.
  • the honeycomb matrix Since whiskers grow on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb matrix, the honeycomb matrix has a larger specific surface area and can provide larger attachment sites for VOCs catalyst coating.
  • the dense whiskers on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb matrix can improve the interception and purification efficiency of oil fume particles.
  • a large amount of negative charges are generated during the discharge process and accumulate on the internal and external surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst.
  • the accumulated charges generate a superimposed electric field in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix. When the intensity of the superimposed electric field reaches or exceeds that of the whiskers on the surface of the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix, Counter-corona plasma is generated when the breakdown field is strong.
  • the preparation method of the monolithic VOCs catalyst includes:
  • the mixed material provide whisker raw materials, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate in a predetermined proportion and a honeycomb matrix (including cordierite, alumina, foam metal (such as nickel) or silicon carbide) and make the honeycomb The matrix is embedded with whisker raw materials, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain a mixed material;
  • a honeycomb matrix including cordierite, alumina, foam metal (such as nickel) or silicon carbide
  • whiskers grow on the surface of the honeycomb substrate;
  • VOCs catalyst slurry provide VOCs catalyst powder and mix the VOCs catalyst powder with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, silica sol, and water in a predetermined proportion to obtain VOCs catalyst slurry;
  • Obtain a monolithic VOCs catalyst Coat the VOCs catalyst slurry on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb matrix on which whiskers are grown, dry it and then bake it to obtain a monolithic VOCs catalyst.
  • the step of obtaining VOCs catalyst powder includes: mixing cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide according to (2-10): (5-15): (1-4): (75- 85) is dissolved in deionized water at a mass ratio, mixed and stirred in a water bath (preferably 40-80°C, more preferably 55°C) for 1-3 hours (preferably 2 hours), and dried at 300-600°C (for example Calculate at 500°C for 2-8 hours (for example, 6 hours) to obtain VOCs catalyst powder.
  • a water bath preferably 40-80°C, more preferably 55°C
  • 300-600°C for example Calculate at 500°C for 2-8 hours (for example, 6 hours
  • the mass ratio of cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide may be 6:10:2:82.
  • drying can be performed in a drying oven at 80-120°C (preferably 100°C) for 8-24 hours (preferably 12 hours).
  • roasting may be performed in a muffle furnace at 400-500°C (preferably 450°C) for 4-6 hours (preferably 5 hours).
  • the step of obtaining VOCs catalyst slurry includes: mixing VOCs catalyst powder with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, silica sol, and water according to (20-40): (10-30): (10-20): (20-40) mass ratio and mix uniformly to obtain VOCs catalyst slurry.
  • the mass ratio of VOCs catalyst powder to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol, and water can be 40:15:13:32.
  • the step of obtaining the integrated VOCs catalyst includes: coating the VOCs catalyst slurry on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb substrate on which whiskers are grown on a vacuum coating machine, drying the coated material and then drying it at 300 Roasting at -600°C 2-10 hours to obtain a monolithic VOCs catalyst.
  • drying can be performed in a drying oven at 80-120°C (preferably 100°C) for 1-4 hours (preferably 2 hours).
  • roasting may be performed in a muffle furnace at 400-500°C (preferably 450°C) for 4-8 hours (preferably 6 hours).
  • the method of the present invention can grow mullite whiskers, aluminum borate whiskers or silicon carbide whiskers.
  • the whisker raw material is obtained by the following steps: dissolving the organic silicon source in an organic solvent and forming a silica sol, and then heating the silica sol at 40-80°C (preferably 60 °C) in a water bath for 0.5-5 hours (preferably 1-4 hours, more preferably 2 hours); dissolve the inorganic aluminum salt in the inorganic solvent to form an inorganic aluminum salt solution; add the inorganic aluminum salt solution to the water bath after treatment In the silica sol to form a silicon-aluminum mixed sol; the silicon-aluminum mixed sol is treated in a 40-80°C (preferably 60°C) water bath for 6-18 hours (preferably 10-15 hours, more preferably 12 hours), via For example, it is dried in an oven (preferably 80-100°C, more preferably 90°C) and then ground to obtain silica-alumina gel powder, which is the raw material for the whiskers.
  • an oven preferably 80-100°C, more preferably 90°C
  • the organic silicon source is at least one of ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate and propyl orthosilicate.
  • the inorganic aluminum salt is at least one of aluminum nitrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum chloride, basic aluminum chloride, and aluminum sulfate.
  • the inorganic solvent is deionized water.
  • the organic solvent is absolute ethanol.
  • the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon in the silicon-aluminum mixed sol ranges from 2:1 to 6:1, preferably from 3:1 to 4:1.
  • the mass ratio of the honeycomb matrix: silica-aluminum gel powder: anhydrous aluminum sulfate: anhydrous sodium sulfate is (40-50): (15-25): (15-25): (10 -20), for example 40:25:20:15.
  • an additive is added under stirring conditions to promote hydrolysis of the organic silicon source to form silica sol.
  • the additive is 2-4 ml of ammonia water.
  • the whisker raw materials include boron trioxide and aluminum nitrate.
  • the mass ratio of the honeycomb matrix: boron trioxide: aluminum nitrate: anhydrous aluminum sulfate: anhydrous sodium sulfate is (20-40): (10-20): (10-20): ( 10-20):(20-30), for example, 30:15:20:15:20.
  • the whisker raw material when growing silicon carbide whiskers, is obtained by the following steps: mixing silicon powder and carbon source according to a Si:C molar ratio of 1:1 and placing them in a microwave heating device (preferably microwave Sintering furnace), silicon carbide powder is obtained by microwave heating.
  • a microwave heating device preferably microwave Sintering furnace
  • the microwave frequency is set to 2-3GHz (preferably 2.5GHz)
  • the microwave source power is set to 3-5kw (preferably 4kw).
  • the carbon source is at least one of carbon black, petroleum coke, graphite powder and activated carbon.
  • the mass ratio of the honeycomb matrix: silicon carbide powder: anhydrous aluminum sulfate: anhydrous sodium sulfate is (30-40): (20-30): (15-25): (10-30 ), for example 30:20:22:28.
  • a method for purifying catering fumes is also provided. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes:
  • the oil fume particles in the catering oil fume entering the plasma purification device 100 With a particle size ranging from 2 to 50 microns are negatively charged. Since the negative high-voltage DC power supply supplies power to the thorn corona electrode 34, the gas nearby is ionized to generate a large amount of negative charges. The oil fume particles in the catering oil smoke with a particle size between 2 and 50 microns are negatively charged under the action of the negative DC corona.
  • the negatively charged oil smoke particles are captured through the electrostatic adsorption module 50 . Since the positive high-voltage DC power supply supplies power to the electrostatic adsorption module 50 (such as the adsorption plate), the electrostatic adsorption module 50 forms an electric field with a positive charge. Under the attraction of the electric field force, the negatively charged oil smoke particles are adsorbed by the electrostatic adsorption module 50 .
  • the VOCs in catering fumes are processed through the anti-corona catalytic module 60 .
  • the counter-corona catalytic module 60 can utilize active components in the plasma it generates to oxidize VOCs to remove VOCs.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention uses the rotating discharge module 30 and the electrostatic adsorption module 50 to process the oil fume particles in the catering oil fume, and effectively processes the VOCs (for example, oxidizes them into water and carbon dioxide) through the counter-corona catalytic module 60, thereby achieving In order to effectively deal with catering fumes without the problem of secondary pollution.
  • VOCs for example, oxidizes them into water and carbon dioxide
  • the catering oil smoke enters the plasma purification device 100 (for example, through the air inlet 10)
  • the catering oil smoke is evenly distributed inside the plasma purification device 100 under the action of the air flow distribution plate 20 to guide and distribute the air. Helps to deal with catering fumes efficiently.
  • the electrostatic adsorption module 50 is rotated and flushed through the automatic cleaning module 40 (for example, regularly) to remove the oil smoke particles deposited on the surface of the electrostatic adsorption module 50 to avoid adsorption saturation of the electrostatic adsorption module 50 and reduce the processing time. efficiency.
  • Silica-alumina gel powder was prepared using sol-gel method. Weigh a certain amount of aluminum nitrate and dissolve it in deionized water, weigh a certain amount of ethyl orthosilicate and dissolve it in absolute ethanol to make the Al/Si molar ratio between 3.5:1; add it to absolute ethanol under stirring conditions Add 2-4ml ammonia water to the solution to catalyze the hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate to form silica sol, and treat it in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours; then add aluminum nitrate solution to the silica sol under stirring conditions, and treat it in a water bath at 60°C. For 12 hours, the silicon-aluminum mixed sol was dried in a 90°C oven and then ground to obtain silicon-aluminum gel powder.
  • silica-aluminum gel powder, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate to cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb matrix to make cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or Silicon carbide honeycomb matrix: silicon-aluminum gel powder: anhydrous aluminum sulfate: anhydrous sodium sulfate mass ratio is 45:19:20:16, and made of cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb
  • the matrix is at least partially embedded, preferably fully embedded, by silica-alumina gel powder, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • the mixed material is placed in a muffle furnace and roasted at 900-1200°C for 6 hours, then naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • Cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb matrix grows on the surface to form dense mullite. Whiskers.
  • cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide Weigh a certain amount of cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide and dissolve them in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 6:10:2:82, mix and stir in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, and dry at 100°C for 12 hours, and then calcined at 450°C for 5 hours to obtain VOCs catalyst powder.
  • VOCs catalyst powder with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, silica sol, and water according to the mass ratio of 25:20:16:39 to obtain a VOCs catalyst slurry, and apply the VOCs catalyst slurry on the surface on a vacuum coating machine to grow
  • alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb substrate with mullite whiskers place the coated material in a drying oven at 100°C for 2 hours, and then place it in a muffle furnace for roasting at 450°C 6 hours.
  • the catering oil fume collected through the pipeline enters the plasma purification device 100 through the air inlet 10. Under the action of the air flow distribution plate 20, the catering oil fume is evenly distributed inside the plasma purification device 100 and passes through the rotating discharge module 30, Automatic cleaning module 40, electrostatic adsorption module 50 and anti-corona catalysis module 60.
  • the automatic cleaning module 40 can periodically perform rotational flushing and cleaning on the electrostatic adsorption module 50 to remove oil smoke particles deposited on the surface of the electrostatic adsorption module 50 .
  • the corona electrode 62 When passing through the counter-corona catalytic module 60, since the corona electrode 62 and the auxiliary electrode 64 in the counter-corona catalytic module 60 are respectively powered by two negative high-voltage DC power supplies, the corona electrode 62 causes the corona electrode to The gas near 62 is ionized to generate a large amount of negative charges and accumulates on the internal and external surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66. The accumulated charges generate a superimposed electric field in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix. When the field strength of the superimposed electric field reaches or exceeds the whiskers on the surface of the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix Counter-corona plasma is generated when the breakdown field strength is high.
  • the charged oil fume particles are reversely sputtered and captured by the electrostatic adsorption module 50, preventing the oil fume particles from depositing on the surface of the VOCs catalyst, preventing the poisoning and deactivation of the VOCs catalyst, and extending the service life of the VOCs catalyst.
  • counter-corona plasma is generated in the pores inside the honeycomb matrix. This forms a plasma reaction channel, and the free electrons, high-energy ions, and active particles generated in the plasma reaction channel interact with VOCs to generate CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the high-energy ions, active particles, and the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66 interact with each other on the internal and external surfaces of
  • the active components of the VOCs catalyst are closely combined to give full play to the advantages of high plasma reactivity and VOCs high reaction selectivity, activate the VOCs catalyst reaction activity, improve the anti-corona plasma reaction selectivity, and promote VOCs reactions to occur at normal or low temperatures.
  • the VOCs in catering fumes are oxidized into H 2 O and O 2 .
  • the auxiliary electrode 64 inhibits the discharge of the corona electrode 62 from developing into a spark discharge; the purified catering oil smoke is discharged from the plasma purification device 100 from the air outlet 70 .
  • the mixed material is placed in a muffle furnace and roasted at 1100°C for 6 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • Cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb substrate surface grows to form dense aluminum borate whiskers.
  • cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide Weigh a certain amount of cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide and dissolve them in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 6:10:2:82, mix and stir in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, and dry at 100°C 12 hours, and then calcined at 450°C for 5 hours to obtain VOCs catalyst powder.
  • VOCs catalyst powder with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol, and water according to the mass ratio of 25:20:16:39 to obtain a VOCs catalyst slurry, and apply the VOCs catalyst slurry on the surface on a vacuum coating machine to grow
  • alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb matrix of aluminum borate whiskers place the coated material in a drying oven at 100°C for 2 hours, and then place it in a muffle furnace for roasting at 450°C for 6 Hour.
  • the catering oil fume collected through the pipeline enters the plasma purification device 100 through the air inlet 10. Under the action of the air flow distribution plate 20, the catering oil fume is evenly distributed inside the plasma purification device 100 and passes through the rotating discharge module 30, Automatic cleaning module 40, electrostatic adsorption module 50 and anti-corona catalysis module 60.
  • the automatic cleaning module 40 can periodically perform rotational flushing and cleaning on the electrostatic adsorption module 50 to remove oil smoke particles deposited on the surface of the electrostatic adsorption module 50 .
  • the corona electrode 62 When passing through the counter-corona catalytic module 60, since the corona electrode 62 and the auxiliary electrode 64 in the counter-corona catalytic module 60 are respectively powered by two negative high-voltage DC power supplies, the corona electrode 62 causes the corona electrode to The gas near 62 is ionized to generate a large amount of negative charges and accumulates on the internal and external surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66. The accumulated charges generate a superimposed electric field in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix. When the field strength of the superimposed electric field reaches or exceeds the whiskers on the surface of the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix Counter-corona plasma is generated when the breakdown field strength is high.
  • the charged oil fume particles are reversely sputtered and captured by the electrostatic adsorption module 50, preventing the oil fume particles from depositing on the surface of the VOCs catalyst, preventing the poisoning and deactivation of the VOCs catalyst, and extending the service life of the VOCs catalyst.
  • counter-corona plasma is generated in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix, thereby forming a plasma reaction channel.
  • the free electrons, high-energy ions, and active particles generated in the plasma reaction channel interact with VOCs to generate CO 2 and H 2 O, high-energy ions and active particles can be closely combined with the active components of the VOCs catalyst on the inner and outer surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66, giving full play to the advantages of high plasma reactivity and VOCs high reaction selectivity, activating the VOCs catalyst reactivity, Improve the selectivity of the counter-corona plasma reaction and promote the VOCs reaction to occur at normal or low temperatures.
  • the VOCs in catering fumes are oxidized into H 2 O and O 2 .
  • the auxiliary electrode 64 inhibits the discharge of the corona electrode 62 from developing into a spark discharge; the purified catering oil smoke is discharged from the plasma purification device 100 from the air outlet 70 .
  • the Si:C molar ratio is 1:1. Mix them evenly and place them in a microwave sintering furnace.
  • the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz and the microwave source power is 4kw to obtain silicon carbide powder.
  • silicon carbide powder, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate to cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb matrix to form cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide.
  • Honeycomb matrix silicon carbide powder: anhydrous aluminum sulfate: anhydrous sodium sulfate mass ratio is 36:24:20:20, and the cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb matrix is carbonized
  • the silicon powder, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate are at least partially embedded, preferably fully fully embedded.
  • the mixed material is placed in a muffle furnace and roasted at 1100°C for 6 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • Cordierite, alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb substrate surface grows to form dense silicon carbide whiskers.
  • cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide Weigh a certain amount of cerium oxalate hydrate, copper citrate, manganese acetate and titanium dioxide and dissolve them in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 6:10:2:82, mix and stir in a water bath at 60°C for 2 hours, and dry at 100°C 12 hours, and then calcined at 450°C for 5 hours to obtain VOCs catalyst powder.
  • VOCs catalyst powder with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol, and water according to a mass ratio of 25:20:15:40 to obtain a VOCs catalyst slurry, and apply the VOCs catalyst slurry on the surface on a vacuum coating machine to grow
  • alumina, foam metal (nickel) or silicon carbide honeycomb substrate of silicon carbide whiskers place the coated material in a drying oven at 100°C for 2 hours, and then place it in a muffle furnace for roasting at 450°C for 6 Hour.
  • the catering oil fume collected through the pipeline enters the plasma purification device 100 through the air inlet 10. Under the action of the air flow distribution plate 20, the catering oil fume is evenly distributed inside the plasma purification device 100 and passes through the rotating discharge module 30, Automatic cleaning module 40, electrostatic adsorption module 50 and anti-corona catalysis module 60.
  • the automatic cleaning module 40 can periodically perform rotational flushing and cleaning on the electrostatic adsorption module 50 to remove oil smoke particles deposited on the surface of the electrostatic adsorption module 50 .
  • the corona electrode 62 When passing through the counter-corona catalytic module 60, since the corona electrode 62 and the auxiliary electrode 64 in the counter-corona catalytic module 60 are respectively powered by two negative high-voltage DC power supplies, the corona electrode 62 causes the corona electrode to The gas near 62 is ionized to generate a large amount of negative charges and accumulates on the internal and external surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66. The accumulated charges generate a superimposed electric field in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix. When the field strength of the superimposed electric field reaches or exceeds the whiskers on the surface of the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix Counter-corona plasma is generated when the breakdown field strength is high.
  • the charged oil fume particles are reversely sputtered and captured by the electrostatic adsorption module 50, preventing the oil fume particles from depositing on the surface of the VOCs catalyst, preventing the poisoning and deactivation of the VOCs catalyst, and extending the service life of the VOCs catalyst.
  • counter-corona plasma is generated in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix, thereby forming a plasma reaction channel.
  • the free electrons, high-energy ions, and active particles generated in the plasma reaction channel interact with VOCs to generate CO 2 and H 2 O, high-energy ions and active particles are closely combined with the active components of the VOCs catalyst on the inner and outer surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst 66, giving full play to the advantages of high plasma reactivity and high VOCs reaction selectivity, activating the VOCs catalyst reactivity and improving
  • the selectivity of the counter-corona plasma reaction promotes the VOCs reaction to occur at normal or low temperatures, and ultimately the VOCs in catering fumes are oxidized into CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the auxiliary electrode 64 inhibits the discharge of the corona electrode 62 from developing into a spark discharge; the purified catering oil smoke is discharged from the plasma purification device 100 from the air outlet 70 .
  • the plasma purification device and method provided by the present invention for purifying catering oil smoke have at least the following features: At least one of the advantages:
  • tip discharge occurs after the burr corona electrode in the rotating discharge module is energized, causing the surrounding gas to be negatively charged, so that the particle size in the catering oil fume ranges from 2 to 50 microns.
  • the oil fume particles are negatively charged, allowing them to be captured by the electrostatic adsorption module; and the center rod and thorn corona electrode in the rotating discharge module can rotate at high speed to generate centrifugal force, which causes deposition on the center rod and/or thorn corona electrode.
  • the oil fume particles on the device leave the central rod and/or the thorn corona electrode, allowing more oil fume particles to be captured by the electrostatic adsorption module, thereby improving treatment efficiency.
  • the corona electrode causes the gas near the corona electrode to be ionized to generate a large amount of negative charges, which are accumulated on the internal and external surfaces of the monolithic VOCs catalyst.
  • the accumulated charges generate a superimposed electric field in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix.
  • Counter-corona plasma is generated when the breakdown field strength of the whiskers on the pore surface inside the honeycomb matrix is exceeded.
  • the charged oil fume particles are reversely sputtered to avoid the deposition of oil fume particles on the surface of the VOCs catalyst, prevent the poisoning and deactivation of the VOCs catalyst, and extend the service life of the VOCs catalyst.
  • Counter-corona plasma is generated in the internal pores of the honeycomb matrix, thereby forming a plasma reaction channel.
  • the free electrons, high-energy ions, and active particles generated in the plasma reaction channel are closely combined with the active components of the VOCs catalyst to give full play to the plasma. It has the advantages of both high body reactivity and high VOCs catalyst reaction selectivity. It activates the VOCs catalyst reaction activity, improves the anti-corona plasma reaction selectivity, and promotes VOCs reactions to occur at normal or low temperatures.
  • the dense whiskers on the inner and outer surfaces of the honeycomb matrix can improve the interception, capture and purification efficiency of oil smoke particles.
  • the purification device has a simple structure and can be assembled in a modular manner. It occupies a small area and can be used immediately when it is stopped. It has the advantages of easy operation, high purification efficiency, low energy consumption, and no secondary pollution.

Abstract

一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置（100）和一种用于净化餐饮油烟的方法，属于大气污染控制技术领域。所述等离子体净化装置（100）在气流流动的方向上依次包括进气口（10）、配置成使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电的旋转放电模块（30）、配置成捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物的静电吸附模块（50）、配置成处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs的反电晕催化模块（60）和出气口（70）。所述旋转放电模块（30）包括平行于气流流动方向设置的中心杆（32）和围绕中心杆（32）布置的多个芒刺电晕电极（34）。所述中心杆（32）能够旋转并带动芒刺电晕电极（34）旋转，所述芒刺电晕电极（34）通电后使得餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物荷负电。

Description

净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置和净化餐饮油烟的方法 技术领域
本申请公开内容涉及大气污染控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置和一种用于净化餐饮油烟的方法。
背景技术
餐饮油烟是指食物烹饪和食品加工过程中产生的固、液、气三相混合物，既包括固态颗粒物和液态油滴，又包括烷烃、醇类、醛酮、杂环胺、多环芳烃等挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)。餐饮油烟排放呈现量大、面广、分散的特点，其在环境介质中通常以气态或气溶胶状态存在，油烟中VOCs作为PM2.5和O3重要前体物和参与物，不仅能与SO2、NOx等发生光化学反应形成光化学烟雾，也能与大气中·OH、O3等强氧化剂反应生成二次有机气溶胶(Secondary Organic Aerosol,SOA)，对区域大气质量产生多重环境效应。此外，由于多数VOCs具有三致效应(致癌、致畸、致突变)，其毒性、持久性和难降解性严重危害人体健康和人类生存空间。
针对餐饮油烟污染控制难题，常规净化技术难以对其进行有效净化，非平衡态等离子体技术在常温常压条件下即可产生大量高能电子和羟基自由基、臭氧等具有强氧化性的活性粒子，可以与餐饮油烟中VOCs气态污染物反应降解生成CO2、H2O等其他无毒或低毒性小分子物质。该技术具有净化效率高、运行管理方便、能耗低等诸多优点被广泛应用在烟气净化领域。
针对餐饮油烟中VOCs气态污染物控制难题，本发明基于等离子体技术提出一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置及净化餐饮油烟的方法。
发明内容
餐饮油烟净化技术主要包括机械分离、过滤吸附、静电沉积、湿式洗涤等。其中，静电沉积相比其他技术方法净化效率较高，可以对餐饮油烟中固态颗粒物和液态油滴进行有效去除。但是，静电沉积无法控制VOCs气态污染物，对环境造成二次污染。而且，现有餐饮油烟净化装置普遍存在净化效率低等问题。
因此，为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题和缺陷的至少一个方面，本发明的实施例提出一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置及净化餐饮油烟的方法，期望可以控制餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物和VOCs。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置，其中，所述等离子体净化装置在气流流动的方向上依次包括：
进气口；
配置成使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电的旋转放电模块；
配置成捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物的静电吸附模块；
配置成处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs的反电晕催化模块；
出气口，
其中所述旋转放电模块包括平行于气流流动方向设置的中心杆和围绕中心杆布置的多个芒刺电晕电极，所述中心杆能够旋转并带动芒刺电晕电极旋转，所述芒刺电晕电极通电后使得餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物荷负电。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种用于净化餐饮油烟的方法，所述方法利用根据前述实施例所述的用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置进行净化处理，所述方法包括：
通过旋转放电模块中的芒刺电晕电极，使得进入等离子体净化装置中的餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电；
通过静电吸附模块捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物；
通过反电晕催化模块处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs。
通过下文中参照附图对本发明的实施例所作的描述，本发明的其它目的和优点将显而易见，并可帮助对本发明有全面的理解。
附图说明
本发明的这些和/或其他方面和优点从下面结合附图对优选实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的等离子体净化装置；
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的用于净化餐饮油烟的方法。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。在说明书中，相同或相似的附图标号指示相同或相似的部件。下述参照附图对本发明实施方式的说明旨在对本发明的总体发明构思进行解释，而不应当理解为对本发明的一种限制。
另外，在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释，阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本披露实施 例的全面理解。然而明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。
根据本发明的总体构思，提供了一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置，其中，所述等离子体净化装置在气流流动的方向上依次包括：进气口；配置成使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电的旋转放电模块；配置成捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物的静电吸附模块；配置成处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs的反电晕催化模块；出气口，其中所述旋转放电模块包括平行于气流流动方向设置的中心杆和围绕中心杆布置的多个芒刺电晕电极，所述中心杆能够旋转并带动芒刺电晕电极旋转，所述芒刺电晕电极通电后使得餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物荷负电。
在本发明实施例的等离子体净化装置中，旋转放电模块中的芒刺电晕电极被通电后发生尖端放电，使得周围的气体荷负电，从而使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电，进而允许被静电吸附模块捕集；而且旋转放电模块中的中心杆和芒刺电晕电极能够高速旋转产生离心力，该离心力使得沉积在中心杆和/或芒刺电晕电极上的油烟颗粒物离开中心杆和/或芒刺电晕电极，从而允许更多的油烟颗粒物被静电吸附模块捕集，故提高了处理效率。
在本发明的实施例的等离子体净化装置中，反电晕催化模块能够处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs，例如将VOCs氧化成二氧化碳和水，故解决了VOCs排放造成的二次污染的问题。
而且，在本发明的实施例的等离子体净化装置中，通过有机地设置各个模块实现对餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物、VOCs多种污染物进行协同控制，具有结构简单、可以模块化组装、操作方便、能耗低、使用寿命长等优点。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的等离子体净化装置100。如图1所示，等离子体净化装置100在气流流动的方向(在图1中，气流从左向右流动)上依次包括进气口10、旋转放电模块30、静电吸附模块50、反电晕催化模块60和出气口70。可选地，根据需要，等离子体净化装置100还可以设置有壳体。
进气口10允许餐饮油烟进入等离子体净化装置100。在一示例中，进气口10设置在壳体的左端。
旋转放电模块30使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电。粒径介于0.01-2微米的油烟颗粒物由于粒径太小难以被荷电。
旋转放电模块30包括中心杆32和多个芒刺电晕电极34。中心杆32平行于气流流动方向设置。多个芒刺电晕电极34围绕中心杆32布置。芒刺电晕电极34通电后发生尖端放电使得气体荷负电。例如，可以将中心杆32通直流高压电，从而使得芒刺电晕电极34通电， 进而在芒刺电晕电极34的尖端放电。
中心杆32能够旋转并带动芒刺电晕电极34旋转，从而使得在旋转放电模块30中产生离心力。离心力可以去除沉积在中心杆32和芒刺电晕电极34上的油烟颗粒物，使得更多的油烟颗粒物被静电吸附模块50吸附，提高了处理效率。例如，可以使得中心杆32在旋转电机的驱动下旋转，进而使得芒刺电晕电机34旋转。
静电吸附模块50捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物，避免油烟颗粒物在反电晕催化模块60中沉积，以免影响处理VOCs的效率。
反电晕催化模块60处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs，解决了餐饮油烟排放造成的二次污染问题。
出气口70允许餐饮油烟离开等离子体净化装置100，例如排入大气环境中。在一示例中，出气口70设置在壳体的右端。
可选地，等离子体净化装置100在进气口10和旋转放电模块30之间还设置有气流均布板20。气流均布板20用于导流布风，使得进入等离子体净化装置100的餐饮油烟在等离子体净化装置100内部均匀分布。
在一示例中，多个芒刺电晕电极34围绕中心杆32布置成预定图案。
具体地，所述预定图案包括圆柱形、单螺旋形、双螺旋形、蜿蜒形或锥形。或者，所述预定图案包括间隔设置的多个环形，其中每个环上设置有间隔布置的多个芒刺电晕电极34，这样，芒刺电晕电极34可以更加均匀地从中心杆32的左端至右端分布。本发明的实施例并不限制于此，本领域技术人员可以根据需要设置预定图案的形状。
在一示例中，在所述预定图案的截面中，芒刺电晕电极34的芒刺到中心杆32的距离按预定规则布置。所述预定规则可以是芒刺到中心杆的距离长短不一。例如，芒刺到中心杆32的距离可以按照一长一短(可选地，短的距离是长的距离的一半)的预定规则布置。再例如，芒刺到中心杆32的距离可以按照波浪形式的预定规则布置。芒刺电晕电极的芒刺到中心杆的距离从左至右逐渐降低然后又逐渐增加成波浪形或锥形布置。当芒刺电晕电极34旋转(例如在50-200转/分钟)时，长短不一设置的芒刺有助于在旋转放电区域形成涡流。涡流一方面可以提高餐饮油烟颗粒物荷电概率，另一方面可以使得粒径较小的餐饮油烟颗粒物彼此黏附形成粒径较大的餐饮油烟颗粒物，在上述两方面作用下，餐饮油烟颗粒物净化效率可以显著提高。
在一示例中，在所述预定图案的截面中，芒刺电源电极34的芒刺与中心杆32的轴线成一预定角度。例如，芒刺相对于中心杆32的轴线倾斜设置，具体地10-80度(例如30-60度)，或者100-170度(例如120-150度)。示例性地，所述预定图案的截面成鱼骨图形。当 芒刺电晕电极34旋转时，倾斜设置的芒刺有助于在旋转放电区域形成涡流。涡流一方面可以提高餐饮油烟颗粒物荷电概率，另一方面可以使得粒径较小的餐饮油烟颗粒物彼此黏附形成粒径较大的餐饮油烟颗粒物，在上述两方面作用下，餐饮油烟颗粒物净化效率可以显著提高。
在可替代的示例中，在所述预定图案为锥形的情况下，在锥底处的芒刺电晕电极34产生的离心力大于在锥尖处的芒刺电晕电极34产生的离心力，可以将芒刺电晕电极34设置成锥尖比锥底更靠近进气口，以确保在进入静电吸附模块50的气流中颗粒污染物的含量更少。
在一示例中，芒刺电晕电极34由猪鬃、尼龙丝、钢丝和铜丝中的至少一种制成；中心杆32由铁丝和不锈钢丝中的至少一种制成。由此，相比于由钨丝构成的旋转放电模块30，本发明的实施例可以实现更为低廉的成本。
在一示例中，芒刺电晕电极34的长度根据壳体内壁的高度确定。例如，芒刺电晕电极34的长度可以是不少于内壁高度的1/4，也就是优选地期望芒刺电晕电极34至少占据壳体的空腔的一半。本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设置。
在本发明的实施例中，静电吸附模块50包括吸附极板52、连杆54和板框56。吸附极板52的一端连接在连杆54上，另一端连接在板框56的底端。静电吸附模块50由正高压直流电源供电，使得吸附极板52带有正电。当荷负电的油烟颗粒物到达吸附极板52时，通过库仑力作用将油烟颗粒物吸附到吸附极板52上，避免所述油烟颗粒物到达后续的反电晕催化模块。
可选地，等离子体净化装置100在旋转放电模块30和静电吸附模块50之间还设置有自动清洗模块40。自动清洗模块40能够去除静电吸附模块50表面捕集的油烟颗粒物。
自动清洗模块40包括设置在等离子体净化装置100的内壁上的至少一个喷嘴。例如，等离子体净化装置100包括1个、2个、3个、4个或更多的喷嘴。所述至少一个喷嘴以2-10m/s(例如5-8m/s)的速度喷射清洗液体。在一示例中，等离子体净化装置包括4个喷嘴，分别设置在靠近静电吸附模块50的入口处的四个角处，每个喷嘴可以360度旋转以尽可能地喷射到吸附极板的每个位置处。本领域技术人员可以根据需要选择清洗液体以及清洗液体的量。
在本发明的实施例中，反电晕催化模块60在气流流动方向上依次包括：电晕电极62、辅助电极64、整体式VOCs催化剂66和接地极68。所述电晕电极62和辅助电极64分别由两个负高压直流电源供电。
电晕电极62在放电过程中使得电晕电极62附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷，该负电荷 可以和整体式VOCs催化剂66作用形成反电晕等离子体。电晕电极62可以由钨丝制成，钨丝的直径在2-6mm之间。
辅助电极64抑制电晕电极62放电向火花放电发展。辅助电极64可以由钨丝制成，钨丝的直径在2-6mm之间。
整体式VOCs催化剂66包括蜂窝状基体和涂覆在蜂窝状基体内外表面上的VOCs催化剂。所述整体式VOCs催化剂66的蜂窝状基体采用堇青石、泡沫金属(镍)、氧化铝或碳化硅。所述蜂窝状基体内外表面包括晶须。所述蜂窝状基体内外表面上的晶须包括莫来石晶须、硼酸铝晶须或碳化硅晶须。
所述整体式VOCs催化剂通过将VOCs催化剂涂覆在蜂窝状基体的内外表面上并进行干燥和焙烧处理来制备得到。
在本发明的实施例中，电晕电极62在放电过程中使得电晕电极62附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷并在整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面累积；累积的电荷在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙产生叠加电场，当叠加电场的场强达到或超过蜂窝状基体内部孔隙表面晶须的击穿场强时，产生反电晕等离子体。在反电晕等离子体作用下，荷电的油烟颗粒物反向溅射被静电吸附模块50捕集，避免油烟颗粒物在VOCs催化剂表面沉积，阻止VOCs催化剂中毒失活，延长VOCs催化剂使用时间。与此同时，反电晕等离子体产生在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙，由此形成等离子体反应通道，在等离子体反应通道中产生的自由电子、高能离子、活性粒子与N2、O2相互作用生成·N、·O、·OH活性基团；·N、·O、·OH活性基团与整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面上的VOCs催化剂的活性组分(例如Ce和Cu)紧密结合，充分发挥等离子体高反应活性和VOCs高反应选择性两者优势，激活VOCs催化剂反应活性，提高反电晕等离子体反应选择性，促进VOCs反应在常温或低温发生，最终餐饮油烟中的VOCs被氧化为H2O和O2。辅助电极64抑制电晕电极62放电向火花放电发展。净化后的餐饮油烟从出气口70排出等离子体净化装置100。
以下将提供三个具体的实施例来详细说明整体式VOCs催化剂66上的整体式VOCs催化剂及制备方法以及相应的尾气处理过程。
所述整体式VOCs催化剂66的制备方法包括：提供成预定比例的晶须原料、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠与蜂窝状基体并使所述蜂窝状基体被所述晶须原料、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠包埋以获得混合物料；将所述混合物料于900-1200℃下焙烧2-12小时后冷却，在所述蜂窝状基体的表面上生长出晶须；提供VOCs催化剂粉体并将VOCs催化剂粉体与成预定比例的羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水混合得到VOCs催化剂浆料；将VOCs催化剂浆料涂覆到蜂窝状基 体内外表面，并进行干燥处理后焙烧以获得整体式VOCs催化剂。
由于蜂窝状基体内外表面生长晶须，所以该蜂窝状基体具有较大的比表面积，可以为VOCs催化剂涂覆提供更大附着位点。蜂窝状基体内外表面致密晶须可以提高油烟颗粒物拦截净化效率。此外，放电过程中产生大量负电荷并在整体式VOCs催化剂内外表面累积，累积的电荷在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙产生叠加电场，当叠加电场的场强达到或超过蜂窝状基体内部孔隙表面晶须的击穿场强时产生反电晕等离子体。
该整体式VOCs催化剂的制备方法包括：
获得混合物料：提供成预定比例的晶须原料、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠与蜂窝状基体(包括堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(例如镍)或碳化硅)并使所述蜂窝状基体被晶须原料、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠包埋以获得混合物料；
生长出晶须：将所述混合物料于900-1200℃、优选地1000-1100℃下焙烧2-12小时(优选地4-10小时，更优选地6小时)后冷却(优选地冷却至室温)，在所述蜂窝状基体的表面上生长出晶须；
获得VOCs催化剂浆料：提供VOCs催化剂粉体并将VOCs催化剂粉体与成预定比例的羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水混合得到VOCs催化剂浆料；
获得整体式VOCs催化剂：将VOCs催化剂浆料涂覆在生长晶须的蜂窝状基体内外表面上，并进行干燥处理后焙烧以获得整体式VOCs催化剂。
在实施例中，得到VOCs催化剂粉体的步骤包括：将草酸铈水合物、柠檬酸铜、乙酸锰和二氧化钛按照(2-10):(5-15):(1-4):(75-85)质量比溶解在去离子水中，于水浴(优选地40-80℃，更优选地55℃)中混合搅拌1-3小时(优选地2小时)，经由干燥后在300-600℃(例如500℃)下焙烧2-8小时(例如6小时)得到VOCs催化剂粉体。例如，草酸铈水合物、柠檬酸铜、乙酸锰和二氧化钛的质量比可以是6：10：2：82。在实施例中，可以在干燥箱中于80-120℃(优选地100℃)干燥8-24小时(优选地12小时)。在实施例中，可以在马弗炉中于400-500℃(优选地450℃)下焙烧4-6小时(优选地5小时)。
在实施例中，得到VOCs催化剂浆料的步骤包括：将VOCs催化剂粉体与羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水按照(20-40):(10-30):(10-20):(20-40)质量比混合均匀得到VOCs催化剂浆料。例如，VOCs催化剂粉体与羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水的质量比可以是40：15：13：32。
在实施例中，获得所述整体式VOCs催化剂的步骤包括：在真空涂覆机上将VOCs催化剂浆料涂覆在生长晶须的蜂窝状基体内外表面上，将涂覆后的材料干燥后在300-600℃下焙烧 2-10小时以获得整体式VOCs催化剂。在实施例中，可以在干燥箱中在80-120℃(优选地100℃)下干燥1-4小时(优选地2小时)。在实施例中，可以在马弗炉中于400-500℃(优选地450℃)焙烧4-8小时(优选地6小时)。
在实施例中，本发明的方法可以生长出莫来石晶须、硼酸铝晶须或碳化硅晶须。
在实施例中，在生长莫来石晶须时，所述晶须原料通过如下步骤获得：将有机硅源溶解于有机溶剂中并形成硅溶胶，将硅溶胶于40-80℃(优选地60℃)水浴中处理0.5-5小时(优选地1-4小时，更优选地2小时)；将无机铝盐溶解于无机溶剂中以形成无机铝盐溶液；将无机铝盐溶液加入到水浴处理后的硅溶胶中以形成硅铝混合溶胶；将硅铝混合溶胶于40-80℃(优选地60℃)水浴中处理6-18小时(优选地10-15小时，更优选地12小时)，经由例如在烘箱中干燥(优选地80-100℃，更优选地90℃)处理后研磨获得硅铝凝胶粉体，所述硅铝凝胶粉体为所述晶须原料。
在实施例中，所述有机硅源为正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯和正硅酸丙酯中的至少一种。在实施例中，所述无机铝盐为硝酸铝、九水合硝酸铝、氯化铝、碱式氯化铝、硫酸铝中的至少一种。在实施例中，所述无机溶剂为去离子水。在实施例中，所述有机溶剂为无水乙醇。在实施例中，所述硅铝混合溶胶中铝与硅的摩尔比介于2:1-6:1，优选地3:1-4:1。在实施例中，所述蜂窝状基体：硅铝凝胶粉体：无水硫酸铝：无水硫酸钠质量比为(40-50):(15-25):(15-25):(10-20)，例如为40：25：20：15。
在实施例中，例如在搅拌条件下加入添加剂促进有机硅源水解形成硅溶胶，所述添加剂为2-4ml的氨水。
在实施例中，在生长硼酸铝晶须时，所述晶须原料包括三氧化二硼和硝酸铝。在实施例中，所述蜂窝状基体：三氧化二硼：硝酸铝：无水硫酸铝：无水硫酸钠质量比为(20-40):(10-20):(10-20):(10-20):(20-30)，例如为30：15：20：15：20。
在实施例中，在生长碳化硅晶须时，所述晶须原料通过如下步骤获得：将硅粉与碳源按照Si:C摩尔比为1:1混合并放置到微波加热设备(优选地微波烧结炉)中，通过微波加热得到碳化硅粉体。在实施例中，在微波加热过程中，微波频率设定为2-3GHz(优选地2.5GHz)，微波源功率设定为3-5kw(优选地4kw)。在实施例中，所述碳源为炭黑、石油焦、石墨粉和活性炭中的至少一种。在实施例中，所述蜂窝状基体：碳化硅粉体：无水硫酸铝：无水硫酸钠质量比为(30-40):(20-30):(15-25):(10-30)，例如为30：20：22：28。
根据本申请的另一构思，还提供了一种用于净化餐饮油烟的方法。如图2所示，所述方法包括：
通过旋转放电模块30中的芒刺电晕电极34，使得进入等离子体净化装置100中的餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电。由于负高压直流电源对芒刺电晕电极34供电，使得其附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷，餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物在负直流电晕作用下荷负电。
通过静电吸附模块50捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物。由于正高压直流电源对静电吸附模块50(例如吸附极板)供电，使得静电吸附模块50形成带有正电荷的电场，在电场力的吸引下，荷负电的油烟颗粒物被静电吸附模块50吸附。
通过反电晕催化模块60处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs。反电晕催化模块60可以利用其产生的等离子体中的活性成分氧化VOCs，以去除VOCs。
本发明的实施例的方法通过旋转放电模块30和静电吸附模块50处理餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物，并通过反电晕催化模块60有效处理VOCs(例如，将其氧化为水和二氧化碳)，从而实现了高效地处理餐饮油烟，且没有二次污染的问题。
在一示例中，在餐饮油烟(例如经由进气口10)进入等离子体净化装置100后，在气流均布板20导流布风的作用下餐饮油烟在等离子体净化装置100内部均匀分布，以有助于高效地处理餐饮油烟。
在一示例中，通过自动清洗模块40(例如定时)对静电吸附模块50进行旋转冲刷清洗，以去除沉积在静电吸附模块50表面的油烟颗粒物，避免静电吸附模块50发生吸附饱和的现象而降低处理效率。
下文提供具体实施例以便更好地理解本发明，本领域技术人员可知，以下实施例仅是本发明的所有实施例的一部分，鉴于篇幅原因，并未将所有实施例一一列出。
实施例1：
(1)生长莫来石晶须的蜂窝状基体制备整体式VOCs催化剂
采用溶胶凝胶法制备硅铝凝胶粉体。称取一定量的硝酸铝溶解在去离子水中，称取一定量的正硅酸乙酯溶解在无水乙醇中，使Al/Si摩尔比介于3.5:1；在搅拌条件下向无水乙醇溶液中加入2-4ml氨水催化正硅酸乙酯水解形成硅溶胶，在60℃的水浴中处理2小时；然后在搅拌条件下将硝酸铝溶液加入到硅溶胶中，在60℃的水浴中处理12小时，将硅铝混合溶胶置于90℃烘箱中干燥处理后研磨得到硅铝凝胶粉体。
称取一定量的十六水硫酸铝或者十八水硫酸铝加热到400℃脱除结晶水得到无水硫酸铝，然后称取一定量的无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠作为复合熔盐体系。
向堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体中加入硅铝凝胶粉体、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠，使堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体：硅铝凝胶粉体：无水硫酸铝：无水硫酸钠质量比为45:19:20:16，并使堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体被硅铝凝胶粉体、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠至少部分包埋，优选地充分全部包埋。将混合物料置于马弗炉中在900-1200℃条件下焙烧6小时，自然冷却至室温，堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体表面生长形成致密的莫来石晶须。
称取一定量草酸铈水合物、柠檬酸铜、乙酸锰和二氧化钛按照质量比6：10：2：82溶解在去离子水中，在60℃的水浴中混合搅拌2小时，在100℃下干燥12小时，在450℃下焙烧5小时得到VOCs催化剂粉体。
将VOCs催化剂粉体与羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水按照25:20:16:39质量比混合均匀得到VOCs催化剂浆料，在真空涂覆机上将VOCs催化剂浆料涂覆在表面生长莫来石晶须的堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体上，将涂覆后的材料置于干燥箱100℃干燥2小时，然后置于马弗炉450℃焙烧6小时。
(2)净化尾气
经过管道收集的餐饮油烟通过进气口10进入等离子体净化装置100，在气流均布板20的导流布风作用下餐饮油烟在等离子体净化装置100内部均匀分布并依次经过旋转放电模块30、自动清洗模块40、静电吸附模块50和反电晕催化模块60。
在经过旋转放电模块30时，由于负高压直流电源对电晕电极62供电使得电晕电极附近气体被电离产生大量的负电荷，餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物在负直流电晕作用下荷负电，粒径介于0.01-2微米的油烟颗粒物难以被荷电。
自动清洗模块40可以定时对静电吸附模块50进行旋转冲刷清洗，以去除沉积在静电吸附模块50表面的油烟颗粒物。
在经过反电晕催化模块60时，由于反电晕催化模块60中的电晕电极62和辅助电极64分别由两个负高压直流电源供电，其中电晕电极62在放电过程中使得电晕电极62附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷并在整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面累积，累积的电荷在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙产生叠加电场，当叠加电场的场强达到或超过蜂窝状基体内部孔隙表面晶须的击穿场强时产生反电晕等离子体。在反电晕等离子体作用下，荷电的油烟颗粒物反向溅射被静电吸附模块50捕集，避免油烟颗粒物在VOCs催化剂表面沉积，阻止VOCs催化剂中毒失活，延长VOCs催化剂的使用时间。与此同时，反电晕等离子体产生在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙，由 此形成等离子体反应通道，在等离子体反应通道中产生的自由电子、高能离子、活性粒子与VOCs相互作用生成CO2和H2O，高能离子、活性粒子与整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面上的VOCs催化剂的活性组分紧密结合，充分发挥等离子体高反应活性和VOCs高反应选择性两者优势，激活VOCs催化剂反应活性，提高反电晕等离子体反应选择性，促进VOCs反应在常温或低温发生，最终餐饮油烟中的VOCs被氧化为H2O和O2。辅助电极64抑制电晕电极62放电向火花放电发展；净化后的餐饮油烟从出气口70排出等离子体净化装置100。
实施例2：
(1)生长硼酸铝晶须的蜂窝状基体制备整体式VOCs催化剂
称取一定量的十六水硫酸铝或者十八水硫酸铝加热到400℃脱除结晶水得到无水硫酸铝，然后称取一定量的无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠作为复合熔盐体系。
向堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体中加入三氧化二硼、硝酸铝、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠，使堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体：三氧化二硼：硝酸铝：无水硫酸铝：无水硫酸钠质量比为30:15:15:15:25，并使堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体被三氧化二硼、硝酸铝、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠至少部分包埋，优选地充分全面包埋。将混合物料置于马弗炉中在1100℃条件下焙烧6小时，自然冷却至室温，堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体表面生长形成致密的硼酸铝晶须。
称取一定量的草酸铈水合物、柠檬酸铜、乙酸锰和二氧化钛按照质量比6：10：2：82溶解在去离子水中，在60℃的水浴中混合搅拌2小时，在100℃下干燥12小时，在450℃下焙烧5小时得到VOCs催化剂粉体。
将VOCs催化剂粉体与羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水按照25:20:16:39质量比混合均匀得到VOCs催化剂浆料，在真空涂覆机上将VOCs催化剂浆料涂覆在表面生长硼酸铝晶须的堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体上，将涂覆后的材料置于干燥箱100℃干燥2小时，然后置于马弗炉450℃焙烧6小时。
(2)净化尾气
经过管道收集的餐饮油烟通过进气口10进入等离子体净化装置100，在气流均布板20的导流布风作用下餐饮油烟在等离子体净化装置100内部均匀分布并依次经过旋转放电模块30、自动清洗模块40、静电吸附模块50和反电晕催化模块60。
在经过旋转放电模块30时，由于负高压直流电源对电晕电极62供电使得电极附近气体 被电离产生大量负电荷，餐饮油烟中粒径介于2-50微米油烟颗粒物在负直流电晕作用下荷负电，粒径介于0.01-2微米的油烟颗粒物难以被荷电。
自动清洗模块40可以定时对静电吸附模块50进行旋转冲刷清洗，去除沉积在静电吸附模块50表面的油烟颗粒物。
在经过反电晕催化模块60时，由于反电晕催化模块60中的电晕电极62和辅助电极64分别由两个负高压直流电源供电，其中电晕电极62在放电过程中使得电晕电极62附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷并在整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面累积，累积的电荷在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙产生叠加电场，当叠加电场的场强达到或超过蜂窝状基体内部孔隙表面晶须的击穿场强时产生反电晕等离子体。在反电晕等离子体作用下，荷电的油烟颗粒物反向溅射被静电吸附模块50捕集，避免油烟颗粒物在VOCs催化剂表面沉积，阻止VOCs催化剂中毒失活，延长VOCs催化剂的使用时间。与此同时，反电晕等离子体产生在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙，由此形成等离子体反应通道，在等离子体反应通道中产生的自由电子、高能离子、活性粒子与VOCs相互作用生成CO2和H2O，高能离子、活性粒子可以与整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面上的VOCs催化剂的活性组分紧密结合，充分发挥等离子体高反应活性和VOCs高反应选择性两者优势，激活VOCs催化剂反应活性，提高反电晕等离子体反应选择性，促进VOCs反应在常温或低温发生，最终餐饮油烟中的VOCs被氧化为H2O和O2。辅助电极64抑制电晕电极62放电向火花放电发展；净化后的餐饮油烟从出气口70排出等离子体净化装置100。
实施例3：
(1)生长碳化硅晶须的蜂窝状基体制备整体式VOCs催化剂
称取一定量的炭黑和硅粉，Si:C摩尔比为1:1，混合均匀置于微波烧结炉中，微波频率为2.45GHz，微波源功率为4kw，得到碳化硅粉体。
称取一定量的十六水硫酸铝或者十八水硫酸铝加热到400℃脱除结晶水得到无水硫酸铝，然后称取一定量的无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠作为复合熔盐体系。
向堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体中加入碳化硅粉体、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠，使堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体：碳化硅粉体：无水硫酸铝：无水硫酸钠质量比为36:24:20:20，并使堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体被碳化硅粉体、无水硫酸铝和无水硫酸钠至少部分包埋，优选地充分全部包埋。将混合物料置于马弗炉中在1100℃条件下焙烧6小时，自然冷却至室温，堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体表面生长形成致密的碳化硅晶须。
称取一定量的草酸铈水合物、柠檬酸铜、乙酸锰和二氧化钛按照质量比6：10：2：82溶解在去离子水中，在60℃的水浴中混合搅拌2小时，在100℃下干燥12小时，在450℃下焙烧5小时得到VOCs催化剂粉体。
将VOCs催化剂粉体与羧甲基纤维素钠、硅溶胶、水按照25:20:15:40质量比混合均匀得到VOCs催化剂浆料，在真空涂覆机上将VOCs催化剂浆料涂覆在表面生长碳化硅晶须的堇青石、氧化铝、泡沫金属(镍)或碳化硅蜂窝状基体上，将涂覆后的材料置于干燥箱100℃干燥2小时，然后置于马弗炉450℃焙烧6小时。
(2)净化尾气
经过管道收集的餐饮油烟通过进气口10进入等离子体净化装置100，在气流均布板20的导流布风作用下餐饮油烟在等离子体净化装置100内部均匀分布并依次经过旋转放电模块30、自动清洗模块40、静电吸附模块50和反电晕催化模块60。
在经过旋转放电模块30时，由于负高压直流电源对电晕电极62供电使得电极附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷，餐饮油烟中粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物在负直流电晕作用下荷负电，粒径介于0.01-2微米的油烟颗粒物难以被荷电。
自动清洗模块40可以定时对静电吸附模块50进行旋转冲刷清洗，去除沉积在静电吸附模块50表面的油烟颗粒物。
在经过反电晕催化模块60时，由于反电晕催化模块60中的电晕电极62和辅助电极64分别由两个负高压直流电源供电，其中电晕电极62在放电过程中使得电晕电极62附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷并在整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面累积，累积的电荷在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙产生叠加电场，当叠加电场的场强达到或超过蜂窝状基体内部孔隙表面晶须的击穿场强时产生反电晕等离子体。在反电晕等离子体作用下，荷电的油烟颗粒物反向溅射被静电吸附模块50捕集，避免油烟颗粒物在VOCs催化剂表面沉积，阻止VOCs催化剂中毒失活，延长VOCs催化剂的使用时间。与此同时，反电晕等离子体产生在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙，由此形成等离子体反应通道，在等离子体反应通道中产生的自由电子、高能离子、活性粒子与VOCs相互作用生成CO2和H2O，高能离子、活性粒子与整体式VOCs催化剂66内外表面上的VOCs催化剂的活性组分紧密结合，充分发挥等离子体高反应活性和VOCs高反应选择性两者优势，激活VOCs催化剂反应活性，提高反电晕等离子体反应选择性，促进VOCs反应在常温或低温发生，最终餐饮油烟中的VOCs被氧化为CO2和H2O。辅助电极64抑制电晕电极62放电向火花放电发展；净化后的餐饮油烟从出气口70排出等离子体净化装置100。
综上所述，本发明所提供的用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置及方法至少具备以下 优点中的至少一个：
在本发明实施例的等离子体净化装置中，旋转放电模块中的芒刺电晕电极被通电后发生尖端放电，使得周围的气体荷负电，从而使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电，进而允许被静电吸附模块捕集；而且旋转放电模块中的中心杆和芒刺电晕电极能够高速旋转产生离心力，该离心力使得沉积在中心杆和/或芒刺电晕电极上的油烟颗粒物离开中心杆和/或芒刺电晕电极，从而允许更多的油烟颗粒物被静电吸附模块捕集，故提高了处理效率。
电晕电极在放电过程中使得电晕电极附近气体被电离产生大量负电荷并在整体式VOCs催化剂内外表面累积，累积的电荷在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙产生叠加电场，当叠加电场的场强达到或超过蜂窝状基体内部孔隙表面晶须的击穿场强时产生反电晕等离子体。
在反电晕等离子体作用下，荷电的油烟颗粒物反向溅射，避免油烟颗粒物在VOCs催化剂表面沉积，阻止VOCs催化剂中毒失活，延长VOCs催化剂的使用时间。
反电晕等离子体产生在蜂窝状基体内部孔隙，由此形成等离子体反应通道，在等离子体反应通道中产生的自由电子、高能离子、活性粒子与VOCs催化剂的活性组分紧密结合，充分发挥等离子体高反应活性和VOCs催化剂高反应选择性两者优势，激活VOCs催化剂反应活性，提高反电晕等离子体反应选择性，促进VOCs反应在常温或低温发生。
蜂窝状基体内外表面致密晶须可以提高对油烟颗粒物拦截捕集净化效率。
净化装置结构简单，可以模块化组装，占地面积小，即停即用，具有操作方便，净化效率高，能耗低，无二次污染等优点。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置，其中，所述等离子体净化装置在气流流动的方向上依次包括：
    进气口；
    配置成使得餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电的旋转放电模块；
    配置成捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物的静电吸附模块；
    配置成处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs的反电晕催化模块；
    出气口，
    其中所述旋转放电模块包括平行于气流流动方向设置的中心杆和围绕中心杆布置的多个芒刺电晕电极，所述中心杆能够旋转并带动芒刺电晕电极旋转，所述芒刺电晕电极通电后使得餐饮油烟中的油烟颗粒物荷负电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    所述多个芒刺电晕电极围绕所述中心杆布置成预定图案。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    所述预定图案包括圆柱形、单螺旋形、双螺旋形、蜿蜒形或锥形。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    所述预定图案包括间隔设置的多个环形，其中每个环上设置有间隔布置的多个芒刺。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    在所述预定图案的截面中，芒刺电晕电极的芒刺到中心杆的距离从左至右逐渐降低然后又逐渐增加成波浪形或锥形布置，或者
    在所述预定图案的截面中，芒刺电晕电极的芒刺与中心杆的轴线成鱼骨图形且角度的取值范围在30-60度之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    所述芒刺电晕电极由猪鬃、尼龙丝、钢丝和铜丝中的至少一种制成，
    所述中心杆由铁丝和不锈钢丝中的至少一种制成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    所述反电晕催化模块在气流流动方向上依次包括：电晕电极、辅助电极、整体式VOCs催化剂和接地极，所述电晕电极和辅助电极分别由两个负高压直流电源供电。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的等离子体净化装置，其中，
    所述整体式VOCs催化剂包括蜂窝状基体和涂覆在蜂窝状基体内外表面上的VOCs催化剂，所述蜂窝状基体内外表面包括晶须，所述整体式VOCs催化剂通过将VOCs催化剂涂覆在蜂窝状基体的内外表面上并进行干燥和焙烧处理来制备得到。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的等离子体净化装置，还包括：
    布置在旋转放电模块和静电吸附模块之间的自动清洗模块，所述自动清洗模块能够去除静电吸附模块表面捕集的油烟颗粒物，所述自动清洗模块包括设置在等离子体净化装置的内壁上的至少一个喷嘴，所述至少一个喷嘴以2-10m/s的速度喷射清洗液体；和
    布置在进气口和旋转放电模块之间的气流均布板。
  10. 一种用于净化餐饮油烟的方法，所述方法利用根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的用于净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置进行净化处理，所述方法包括：
    通过旋转放电模块中的芒刺电晕电极，使得进入等离子体净化装置中的餐饮油烟中的粒径介于2-50微米的油烟颗粒物荷负电；
    通过静电吸附模块捕集被荷负电的油烟颗粒物；
    通过反电晕催化模块处理餐饮油烟中的VOCs。
PCT/CN2023/108036 2022-07-22 2023-07-19 净化餐饮油烟的等离子体净化装置和净化餐饮油烟的方法 WO2024017273A1 (zh)

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