WO2024016932A1 - Procédé de préparation d'une pièce complexe en acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance au moyen d'une métallurgie des poudres - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'une pièce complexe en acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance au moyen d'une métallurgie des poudres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016932A1
WO2024016932A1 PCT/CN2023/101606 CN2023101606W WO2024016932A1 WO 2024016932 A1 WO2024016932 A1 WO 2024016932A1 CN 2023101606 W CN2023101606 W CN 2023101606W WO 2024016932 A1 WO2024016932 A1 WO 2024016932A1
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Prior art keywords
resistant steel
sintering
strength wear
powder
ultra
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PCT/CN2023/101606
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
苏绍华
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江苏精研科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024016932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016932A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of powder injection molding, and in particular to a method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy.
  • super wear-resistant steel After quenching and tempering, super wear-resistant steel forms a fine martensitic matrix structure and high-hardness metal carbides are dispersed and distributed in the matrix, which greatly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the material.
  • it adopts innovative The ratio of alloy elements enables the surface of the material to harden quickly during fatigue stress, further improving the wear resistance of the material.
  • the traditional preparation method of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel parts is by melting and casting, and the preparation efficiency, product dimensional accuracy and complexity are low.
  • the powder injection molding process is often used. Although the powder injection molding process can solve the preparation of micro parts and micro complex parts, this process is not suitable for injection molding of all metal powders.
  • super wear-resistant steel Take super wear-resistant steel as an example.
  • the material characteristic of super wear-resistant steel is a high C content. Therefore, its sintering window is very narrow in powder injection molding. Under the existing sintering conditions, the sintering density often appears to be low or excessive. burning phenomenon. This is also one of the important reasons why powder injection molded parts of super wear-resistant steel have not appeared even though the powder injection molding process has matured.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy.
  • This method can effectively adjust the sintering window of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel in the powder injection molding process, thereby effectively solving the problem that the sintering density is too low or the Overheating phenomenon.
  • this method can effectively improve various performance indicators of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel products prepared by powder injection molding, especially in terms of wear resistance.
  • the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material;
  • Injection molding Place the feed material in the powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180Mpa injection pressure and 150-200°C injection temperature to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank
  • the catalytic degreasing process of the above-mentioned step S4 is: nitric acid catalyzed degreasing of the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60* H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • the injection blank is degreased by catalytic atomization with nitric acid in a catalytic furnace to form a degreased blank; the catalytic temperature is 90 to 120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection.
  • the sintering process of the above-mentioned step S5 is: placing the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sintering in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1180-1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • step S6 heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then lower the temperature under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat the steel to 550°C. °C, tempering is maintained for 3 hours;
  • the sintered billet is processed by shaping or machining, flat grinding or turning, so that the sintered billet is processed to a standard size.
  • the final piece is also subjected to surface treatment.
  • the present invention has positive effects: (1) By controlling the powder particle size of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder, the present invention can effectively adjust the sintering window of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel in the powder injection molding process, thereby effectively solving the problem of low sintering density or over-burning phenomenon, and can effectively improve product performance, especially wear resistance.
  • the present invention designs a nitric acid atomization degreasing method, which can further improve the degreasing efficiency, and protects and discharges the first-level binder by filling with nitrogen, so that the degreased blank can be processed in the later sintering process. Better shrinkage, thereby further improving product performance.
  • the present invention first discharges the secondary binder and the tertiary binder under the protection of high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, which can allow the material to be better densified at low temperatures and ensure the sintered billet.
  • the shrinkage consistency is good, and N2+Ar is used for sintering when the temperature is raised again, which can ensure uniform nitrogen filling and improve the corrosion resistance of the material.
  • the present invention can further improve the wear resistance and other properties of the product through optimized design.
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder can be selected from the three powder particle size schemes in the table below:
  • the sintering window is very narrow, and low sintering density or over-sintering often occurs. Therefore, in addition to the choice of sintering process, the choice of particle size is also critical. The above three particle sizes are used to adjust the sintering window to compare the performance and wear resistance test after sintering.
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • S5. Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sinter it in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1180 ⁇ 1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • S6 Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
  • the wear resistance test results are:
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is as follows:
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing Put the injection blank into the catalytic furnace, perform nitric acid catalytic atomization and degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreasing blank; the catalytic temperature is 90-120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection;
  • Sintering Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace, protect it under high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, discharge the second and third-level binders first, and use Ar sintering and insulation for 3 hours at 1100°C to make the sintered billet at low temperature.
  • the temperature can be better densified to ensure the shrinkage consistency of the sintered billet, and then the temperature is raised to 1180-1200°C, sintering using N2+Ar, and sintering heat preservation for 4 hours.
  • S6 Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
  • the wear resistance test results are:
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • S5. Place the degreased billet in a monomer sintering furnace and sinter it under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1180 ⁇ 1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • the wear resistance test results are:
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders of two material brands were selected for comparison;
  • NM-02 can not only improve the corrosion resistance of the material, but also improve the toughness of the material and solve the problem of brittleness of the material; NM-03 can improve the wear resistance of the material by adding C and V to form vanadium carbide during heat treatment. performance, while ensuring that the increase in Co content improves the toughness of the material.
  • the powder particle sizes of the above two ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders are as follows:
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • S5. Place the NM-02 degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sinter it under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1200 ⁇ 1210°C and the holding time is 3 hours; place the NM-03 degreased billet.
  • a monomer sintering furnace sintering is performed under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1210 ⁇ 1220°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • S6 Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
  • the wear resistance test results are:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une partie complexe d'acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance au moyen d'une métallurgie des poudres, et concerne le domaine du moulage par injection de poudre. La méthode comprend les étapes suivantes : S1, la préparation de matières premières, impliquant : (1) la préparation d'une poudre d'acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance ; et (2) la préparation d'un liant, la taille de particule de la poudre d'acier résistante à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance étant conçue de manière créative afin d'assurer une fenêtre de frittage ; S2, la préparation d'une charge, impliquant : le mélange uniforme de la poudre d'acier résistante à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance avec le liant pour former l'alimentation ; S3, le moulage par injection ; S4, le dégraissage catalytique ; S5, le frittage ; et S6, le traitement thermique, impliquant : la soumission d'une ébauche frittée à un traitement thermique pour obtenir une partie finale. Dans la présente invention, la fenêtre de frittage d'acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance dans un procédé de moulage par injection de poudre peut être efficacement ajustée, de telle sorte que le phénomène d'une densité de frittage ou d'une surchauffe excessivement faible est efficacement résolu. De plus, le procédé peut améliorer efficacement divers indices de performance du produit en acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance préparé au moyen d'un moulage par injection de poudre, en particulier la résistance à l'usure.
PCT/CN2023/101606 2022-07-18 2023-06-21 Procédé de préparation d'une pièce complexe en acier résistant à l'usure à ultra-haute résistance au moyen d'une métallurgie des poudres WO2024016932A1 (fr)

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CN202210844014.6A CN115138844A (zh) 2022-07-18 2022-07-18 一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法

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"Powder Metallurgy Basis", 31 December 1974, METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY PRESS, CN, article POWDER METALLURGY TEACHING AND RESEARCH SECTION OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND METALLURGY: "Effect on properties of powder", pages: 95 - 96, XP009553315 *

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