WO2024016932A1 - Method for preparing ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel complex part by means of powder metallurgy - Google Patents

Method for preparing ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel complex part by means of powder metallurgy Download PDF

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WO2024016932A1
WO2024016932A1 PCT/CN2023/101606 CN2023101606W WO2024016932A1 WO 2024016932 A1 WO2024016932 A1 WO 2024016932A1 CN 2023101606 W CN2023101606 W CN 2023101606W WO 2024016932 A1 WO2024016932 A1 WO 2024016932A1
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resistant steel
sintering
strength wear
powder
ultra
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PCT/CN2023/101606
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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苏绍华
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江苏精研科技股份有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of powder injection molding, and in particular to a method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy.
  • super wear-resistant steel After quenching and tempering, super wear-resistant steel forms a fine martensitic matrix structure and high-hardness metal carbides are dispersed and distributed in the matrix, which greatly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the material.
  • it adopts innovative The ratio of alloy elements enables the surface of the material to harden quickly during fatigue stress, further improving the wear resistance of the material.
  • the traditional preparation method of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel parts is by melting and casting, and the preparation efficiency, product dimensional accuracy and complexity are low.
  • the powder injection molding process is often used. Although the powder injection molding process can solve the preparation of micro parts and micro complex parts, this process is not suitable for injection molding of all metal powders.
  • super wear-resistant steel Take super wear-resistant steel as an example.
  • the material characteristic of super wear-resistant steel is a high C content. Therefore, its sintering window is very narrow in powder injection molding. Under the existing sintering conditions, the sintering density often appears to be low or excessive. burning phenomenon. This is also one of the important reasons why powder injection molded parts of super wear-resistant steel have not appeared even though the powder injection molding process has matured.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy.
  • This method can effectively adjust the sintering window of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel in the powder injection molding process, thereby effectively solving the problem that the sintering density is too low or the Overheating phenomenon.
  • this method can effectively improve various performance indicators of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel products prepared by powder injection molding, especially in terms of wear resistance.
  • the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material;
  • Injection molding Place the feed material in the powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180Mpa injection pressure and 150-200°C injection temperature to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank
  • the catalytic degreasing process of the above-mentioned step S4 is: nitric acid catalyzed degreasing of the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60* H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • the injection blank is degreased by catalytic atomization with nitric acid in a catalytic furnace to form a degreased blank; the catalytic temperature is 90 to 120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection.
  • the sintering process of the above-mentioned step S5 is: placing the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sintering in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1180-1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • step S6 heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then lower the temperature under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat the steel to 550°C. °C, tempering is maintained for 3 hours;
  • the sintered billet is processed by shaping or machining, flat grinding or turning, so that the sintered billet is processed to a standard size.
  • the final piece is also subjected to surface treatment.
  • the present invention has positive effects: (1) By controlling the powder particle size of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder, the present invention can effectively adjust the sintering window of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel in the powder injection molding process, thereby effectively solving the problem of low sintering density or over-burning phenomenon, and can effectively improve product performance, especially wear resistance.
  • the present invention designs a nitric acid atomization degreasing method, which can further improve the degreasing efficiency, and protects and discharges the first-level binder by filling with nitrogen, so that the degreased blank can be processed in the later sintering process. Better shrinkage, thereby further improving product performance.
  • the present invention first discharges the secondary binder and the tertiary binder under the protection of high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, which can allow the material to be better densified at low temperatures and ensure the sintered billet.
  • the shrinkage consistency is good, and N2+Ar is used for sintering when the temperature is raised again, which can ensure uniform nitrogen filling and improve the corrosion resistance of the material.
  • the present invention can further improve the wear resistance and other properties of the product through optimized design.
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder can be selected from the three powder particle size schemes in the table below:
  • the sintering window is very narrow, and low sintering density or over-sintering often occurs. Therefore, in addition to the choice of sintering process, the choice of particle size is also critical. The above three particle sizes are used to adjust the sintering window to compare the performance and wear resistance test after sintering.
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • S5. Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sinter it in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1180 ⁇ 1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • S6 Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
  • the wear resistance test results are:
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is as follows:
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing Put the injection blank into the catalytic furnace, perform nitric acid catalytic atomization and degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreasing blank; the catalytic temperature is 90-120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection;
  • Sintering Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace, protect it under high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, discharge the second and third-level binders first, and use Ar sintering and insulation for 3 hours at 1100°C to make the sintered billet at low temperature.
  • the temperature can be better densified to ensure the shrinkage consistency of the sintered billet, and then the temperature is raised to 1180-1200°C, sintering using N2+Ar, and sintering heat preservation for 4 hours.
  • S6 Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
  • the wear resistance test results are:
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
  • the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • S5. Place the degreased billet in a monomer sintering furnace and sinter it under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1180 ⁇ 1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • the wear resistance test results are:
  • the invention includes the following steps:
  • Raw material preparation (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
  • ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders of two material brands were selected for comparison;
  • NM-02 can not only improve the corrosion resistance of the material, but also improve the toughness of the material and solve the problem of brittleness of the material; NM-03 can improve the wear resistance of the material by adding C and V to form vanadium carbide during heat treatment. performance, while ensuring that the increase in Co content improves the toughness of the material.
  • the powder particle sizes of the above two ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders are as follows:
  • the binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
  • Feeding preparation uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
  • Injection molding Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
  • Catalytic degreasing perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2 ⁇ 5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80 ⁇ 120°C, and the degreasing time t ⁇ (240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
  • S5. Place the NM-02 degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sinter it under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1200 ⁇ 1210°C and the holding time is 3 hours; place the NM-03 degreased billet.
  • a monomer sintering furnace sintering is performed under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled at 1210 ⁇ 1220°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • S6 Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
  • the wear resistance test results are:

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel complex part by means of powder metallurgy, and relates to the field of powder injection molding. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparation of raw materials, involving: (1) preparing an ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel powder; and (2) preparing a binder, wherein the particle size of the ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel powder is creatively designed in order to ensure a sintering window; S2, preparation of a feed, involving: evenly mixing the ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel powder with the binder to form the feed; S3, injection molding; S4, catalytic degreasing; S5, sintering; and S6, heat treatment, involving: subjecting a sintered blank to a heat treatment to obtain a final part. In the present invention, the sintering window of ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel in a powder injection molding process can be effectively adjusted, such that the phenomenon of an excessively low sintering density or overheating is effectively solved. Moreover, the method can effectively improve various performance indexes of the ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel product prepared by means of powder injection molding, especially the wear resistance.

Description

一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high strength and wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及粉末注射成型领域，特别涉及一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法。The invention relates to the field of powder injection molding, and in particular to a method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy.
背景技术Background technique
超强耐磨钢经淬火、回火处理后，形成细小的马氏体基体组织配合具有高硬度的金属碳化物弥散分布于基体中，大幅提升了材料的硬度与耐磨性，同时采用创新性的合金元素配比，使得材料在疲劳受力过程中表面能够快速硬化，进一步提升了材料的耐磨性。传统的超高强耐磨钢零部件的制备方法是采用熔铸的方法制备，制备的效率和产品尺寸精度及复杂性均较低。After quenching and tempering, super wear-resistant steel forms a fine martensitic matrix structure and high-hardness metal carbides are dispersed and distributed in the matrix, which greatly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the material. At the same time, it adopts innovative The ratio of alloy elements enables the surface of the material to harden quickly during fatigue stress, further improving the wear resistance of the material. The traditional preparation method of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel parts is by melting and casting, and the preparation efficiency, product dimensional accuracy and complexity are low.
随着消费电子行业对金属材料力学性能的要求日益严苛，特别是目前折叠手机铰链的高精密度、复杂性，对铰链要求高强度、韧性、耐磨等特性。由于折叠屏手机需要经常开合，转轴位置对材料耐磨性的要求越来越高，因此超高强耐磨钢成为该位置零件的备选材料。但是传统的超高强耐磨钢零部件的制备方法无法制备复杂零件，尤其是微型零件和微型复杂零件。而电子行业的产品中，复杂零件、微型零件和微型复杂零件又尤其多，因此一直存在如何将超高强耐磨钢应用到这些零部件的制备上的问题。As the consumer electronics industry has increasingly stringent requirements for the mechanical properties of metal materials, especially the high precision and complexity of current folding mobile phone hinges, hinges require high strength, toughness, wear resistance and other properties. Since foldable screen mobile phones need to be opened and closed frequently, the requirements for material wear resistance at the hinge position are getting higher and higher, so ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel has become an alternative material for parts in this position. However, traditional preparation methods of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel parts cannot prepare complex parts, especially micro-parts and micro-complex parts. There are particularly many complex parts, micro parts and micro-complex parts in the products of the electronics industry, so there has always been the problem of how to apply ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel to the preparation of these parts.
现有技术中为了解决这些微型零件和微型复杂零件的制备，往往采用粉末注射成型工艺来解决。虽然粉末注射成型工艺能够解决微型零件和微型复杂零件的制备，但是该工艺并不是适用于所有金属粉末的注射成型。In the prior art, in order to solve the problem of preparing these micro parts and micro complex parts, the powder injection molding process is often used. Although the powder injection molding process can solve the preparation of micro parts and micro complex parts, this process is not suitable for injection molding of all metal powders.
就以超强耐磨钢为例，超强耐磨钢的材料特点是C含量较高，因此在粉末注射成型中其烧结窗口非常窄，以现有的烧结条件经常会出现烧结密度低或者过烧现象。这也是为什么在粉末注射成型工艺成熟的情况下，一直没有出现超强耐磨钢的粉末注射成型件的重要原因之一。Take super wear-resistant steel as an example. The material characteristic of super wear-resistant steel is a high C content. Therefore, its sintering window is very narrow in powder injection molding. Under the existing sintering conditions, the sintering density often appears to be low or excessive. burning phenomenon. This is also one of the important reasons why powder injection molded parts of super wear-resistant steel have not appeared even though the powder injection molding process has matured.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，该方法能够有效调整超高强耐磨钢在粉末注射成型工艺中的烧结窗口，从而有效解决烧结密度过低或者过烧现象。同时该方法能够有效提升通过粉末注射成型制备的超高强耐磨钢制品的各项性能指标，特别是耐磨性方面。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy. This method can effectively adjust the sintering window of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel in the powder injection molding process, thereby effectively solving the problem that the sintering density is too low or the Overheating phenomenon. At the same time, this method can effectively improve various performance indicators of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel products prepared by powder injection molding, especially in terms of wear resistance.
实现本发明目的的技术方案是：本发明包括以下步骤：The technical solution to achieve the object of the present invention is: the present invention includes the following steps:
S1、原材料准备：(1)准备超高强耐磨钢粉末；(2)准备粘结剂；S1. Raw material preparation: (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
其中，超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度为：Among them, the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
D10：2.7μm、D50：7.6μm、D90：17.5，振实密度为4.52g/cm3；D10: 2.7μm, D50: 7.6μm, D90: 17.5, tap density is 4.52g/cm 3 ;
或者为D10：3.5μm、D50：8.9μm、D90：19.2，振实密度为4.65g/cm3；Or D10: 3.5μm, D50: 8.9μm, D90: 19.2, tap density is 4.65g/cm 3 ;
或者为D10：4.5μm、D50：10.2μm、D90：22.7，振实密度为4.78g/cm3；Or D10: 4.5μm, D50: 10.2μm, D90: 22.7, tap density is 4.78g/cm 3 ;
[根据细则91更正 17.10.2023]
S2、喂料制备：将超高强耐磨钢粉末与粘结剂均匀混合形成喂料；[Correction 17.10.2023 under Rule 91]
S2. Feeding preparation: uniformly mix ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material;
S3、注射成型：将喂料置于粉末注射成型机中，在100～180Mpa注射压力和150～200℃注射温度的条件下注射到模具型腔内，形成注射坯；S3. Injection molding: Place the feed material in the powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180Mpa injection pressure and 150-200°C injection temperature to form an injection blank;
S4、催化脱脂：对注射坯进行催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；S4. Catalytic degreasing: perform catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank;
S5、烧结：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中进行烧结，得到烧结坯；S5. Sintering: Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered billet;
S6、热处理：对烧结坯进行热处理获得最终件。S6. Heat treatment: Heat treat the sintered billet to obtain the final piece.
进一步，上述步骤S4的催化脱脂过程为：将注射坯进行硝酸催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；硝酸的流量为2～5ml/min，催化温度为80～120℃，脱脂时间t≥(240+60*H)min；其中H为复杂零件的最大壁厚，单位为mm；Further, the catalytic degreasing process of the above-mentioned step S4 is: nitric acid catalyzed degreasing of the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2~5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80~120°C, and the degreasing time t≥(240+60* H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
[根据细则91更正 17.10.2023]
或者为在催化炉中将注射坯进行硝酸催化雾化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；催化温度为90～120℃，充氮气保护排出一级粘结剂。[Correction 17.10.2023 under Rule 91]
Or, the injection blank is degreased by catalytic atomization with nitric acid in a catalytic furnace to form a degreased blank; the catalytic temperature is 90 to 120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection.
进一步，上述步骤S5的烧结过程为：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在Ar气氛下进行烧结，得到烧结坯，烧结温度控制在1180～1200℃保温时间为3小时；Further, the sintering process of the above-mentioned step S5 is: placing the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sintering in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet. The sintering temperature is controlled at 1180-1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
或者为将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在高纯N2或Ar气氛保护下先进行二级粘结剂和三级粘结剂的排出，在1100℃时使用Ar烧结保温3h，再升温至1180-1200℃，使用N2+Ar烧结，烧结保温4h。。Or to place the degreased blank in a single sintering furnace, discharge the secondary binder and tertiary binder first under the protection of high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, then use Ar sintering and insulation for 3 hours at 1100°C, and then Raise the temperature to 1180-1200°C, use N 2 + Ar to sinter, and keep the sintering temperature for 4 hours. .
进一步，上述步骤S6的热处理过程为：将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再将钢材加热至550℃，回火保持3个小时；Further, the heat treatment process of the above step S6 is: heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then lower the temperature under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat the steel to 550°C. ℃, tempering is maintained for 3 hours;
或者为将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再进行加热，一次回火550℃～600℃，保持3个小时；二次回火550℃～600℃，保持3个小时。Or heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and keep it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then cool down under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat, temper once at 550°C to 600°C, and keep 3 hours; secondary tempering at 550℃~600℃ for 3 hours.
进一步，上述步骤S6之前，通过整形或机加工或平磨或车加工对烧结坯进行加工，使得烧结坯加工至标准尺寸。Furthermore, before the above-mentioned step S6, the sintered billet is processed by shaping or machining, flat grinding or turning, so that the sintered billet is processed to a standard size.
进一步，上述步骤S6后，还对最终件进行表面处理。Furthermore, after the above-mentioned step S6, the final piece is also subjected to surface treatment.
本发明具有积极的效果：(1)本发明通过控制超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度，能够有效调整超高强耐磨钢在粉末注射成型工艺中的烧结窗口，从而有效解决烧结密度过低或者过烧现象，并且能够有效提升产品的性能，尤其是耐磨性。The present invention has positive effects: (1) By controlling the powder particle size of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder, the present invention can effectively adjust the sintering window of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel in the powder injection molding process, thereby effectively solving the problem of low sintering density or over-burning phenomenon, and can effectively improve product performance, especially wear resistance.
[根据细则91更正 17.10.2023]
(2)本发明在催化脱脂环节，设计了硝酸雾化脱脂的方式，其能够进一步提高脱脂效率，并通过充氮气来保护排出一级粘结剂，从而让脱脂坯在后期烧结过程中能够进行更好的进行收缩，从而进一步提升产品的性能。[Correction 17.10.2023 under Rule 91]
(2) In the catalytic degreasing process, the present invention designs a nitric acid atomization degreasing method, which can further improve the degreasing efficiency, and protects and discharges the first-level binder by filling with nitrogen, so that the degreased blank can be processed in the later sintering process. Better shrinkage, thereby further improving product performance.
(3)本发明在烧结环节，先在高纯N2或Ar气氛保护下先进行二级粘结剂和三级粘结剂的排出，能够让材料在低温下更好的致密化，保证烧结坯的收缩一致性，再升温时采用N2+Ar进行烧结，能够保证充氮均匀，提高材料的耐蚀性。(3) In the sintering process, the present invention first discharges the secondary binder and the tertiary binder under the protection of high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, which can allow the material to be better densified at low temperatures and ensure the sintered billet. The shrinkage consistency is good, and N2+Ar is used for sintering when the temperature is raised again, which can ensure uniform nitrogen filling and improve the corrosion resistance of the material.
(4)本发明在热处理环节，通过优化设计，能够进一步提升产品的耐磨性和其他性能。(4) In the heat treatment process, the present invention can further improve the wear resistance and other properties of the product through optimized design.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
(实施例1)(Example 1)
本发明包括以下步骤：The invention includes the following steps:
S1、原材料准备：(1)准备超高强耐磨钢粉末；(2)准备粘结剂；S1. Raw material preparation: (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
其中超高强耐磨钢粉末按照质量百分比的具体组分如下表： The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
而超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度可选用下表中的三种粉末粒度方案： The powder particle size of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder can be selected from the three powder particle size schemes in the table below:
根据超高强耐磨钢的特点，由于其C含量较高，烧结窗口非常窄，经常会出现烧结密度低或过烧现象，所以除了在烧结工艺上的选择，对粒度的选择也很关键，通过以上3种粒度来调整烧结窗口，从而来对比烧结后的性能及耐磨测试。According to the characteristics of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel, due to its high C content, the sintering window is very narrow, and low sintering density or over-sintering often occurs. Therefore, in addition to the choice of sintering process, the choice of particle size is also critical. The above three particle sizes are used to adjust the sintering window to compare the performance and wear resistance test after sintering.
其中粘结剂包括POM、骨架剂、分散剂、润滑剂、稳定剂；粘结剂的具体成分如下表： The binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
S2、喂料制备：将超高强耐磨钢粉末与粘结剂均匀混合形成喂料，按照最佳装载量来算为61.2％；S2. Feeding preparation: uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
S3、注射成型:将制备的喂料置于粉末注射成型机中，在100～180MPa注射压力和150～200℃的注射温度条件下注射到复杂零件的模具型腔内，形成注射坯；S3. Injection molding: Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
S4、催化脱脂：将注射坯进行硝酸催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；硝酸的流量为2～5ml/min，催化温度为80～120℃，脱脂时间t≥(240+60*H)min；其中H为复杂零件的最大壁厚，单位为mm；S4. Catalytic degreasing: perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2~5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80~120℃, and the degreasing time t≥(240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
S5、烧结：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在Ar气氛下进行烧结，得到烧结坯，烧结温度控制在1180～1200℃保温时间为3小时；S5. Sintering: Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sinter it in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet. The sintering temperature is controlled at 1180~1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
S6、整形/机加工/平磨/车加工：将烧结好的零件按照客户给定的标准加工至最佳尺寸；将烧结好的测试环按照标准加工至最佳尺寸；S6. Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
S7、热处理：将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再加热至550℃，回火保持3个小时；S7. Heat treatment: Heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then cool down under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; reheat to 550°C and maintain tempering for 3 hours. ;
S8、其他后处理方式：零件表面处理。S8. Other post-processing methods: part surface treatment.
为了，更好地体现粉末粒度对产品性能的影响，分别制备上述三种粉末粒度的最终件，并进行拉伸及硬度测试和耐磨测试。In order to better reflect the impact of powder particle size on product performance, the final parts of the above three powder particle sizes were prepared respectively, and tensile and hardness tests and wear resistance tests were conducted.
其中拉伸及硬度测试结果为： The tensile and hardness test results are:
其中耐磨测试结果为： The wear resistance test results are:
由此可见，通过粉末粒度优化、烧结工艺优化和热处理工艺优化，大大提高了最终件的耐磨性和其他性能。It can be seen that through the optimization of powder particle size, sintering process and heat treatment process, the wear resistance and other properties of the final part are greatly improved.
(实施例2)(Example 2)
本发明包括以下步骤：The invention includes the following steps:
S1、原材料准备：(1)准备超高强耐磨钢粉末；(2)准备粘结剂；S1. Raw material preparation: (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
其中超高强耐磨钢粉末按照质量百分比的具体组分如下表： The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度如下： The powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is as follows:
其中粘结剂包括POM、骨架剂、分散剂、润滑剂、稳定剂；粘结剂的具体成分如下表： The binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
S2、喂料制备：将超高强耐磨钢粉末与粘结剂均匀混合形成喂料，按照最佳装载量来算为61.2％；S2. Feeding preparation: uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
S3、注射成型:将制备的喂料置于粉末注射成型机中，在100～180MPa注射压力和150～200℃的注射温度条件下注射到复杂零件的模具型腔内，形成注射坯；S3. Injection molding: Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
S4、催化脱脂：将注射坯放入催化炉，对注射坯进行硝酸催化雾化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；催化温度为90～120℃，冲氮气保护排出一级粘结剂；S4. Catalytic degreasing: Put the injection blank into the catalytic furnace, perform nitric acid catalytic atomization and degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreasing blank; the catalytic temperature is 90-120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection;
S5、烧结：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在高纯N2或Ar气氛下保护先进行二三级的粘结剂排出，在1100℃时使用Ar烧结保温3h，使得烧结坯在低温下能更好的致密化，保证烧结坯的收缩一致性，再升温至1180-1200°℃，使用N2+Ar烧结，烧结保温4h。通过保证充氮均匀，能够有效提高材料的耐蚀性；S5. Sintering: Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace, protect it under high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, discharge the second and third-level binders first, and use Ar sintering and insulation for 3 hours at 1100°C to make the sintered billet at low temperature. The temperature can be better densified to ensure the shrinkage consistency of the sintered billet, and then the temperature is raised to 1180-1200°C, sintering using N2+Ar, and sintering heat preservation for 4 hours. By ensuring uniform nitrogen charging, the corrosion resistance of the material can be effectively improved;
S6、整形/机加工/平磨/车加工：将烧结好的零件按照客户给定的标准加工至最佳尺寸；将烧结好的测试环按照标准加工至最佳尺寸；S6. Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
S7、热处理：将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再对产品进行加热，一次回火600℃，保持3个小时；二次回火600℃，保持3个小时；S7. Heat treatment: Heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then cool down under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat the product and temper it to 600°C once. Keep for 3 hours; secondary tempering at 600℃, keep for 3 hours;
S8、其他后处理方式：零件表面处理。S8. Other post-processing methods: part surface treatment.
为了，更好地体现催化工艺、烧结工艺和热处理工艺对产品的性能影响，对最终件进行拉伸及硬度测试和耐磨测试。In order to better reflect the impact of the catalytic process, sintering process and heat treatment process on the performance of the product, tensile and hardness tests and wear resistance tests were conducted on the final parts.
其中拉伸及硬度测试结果为： The tensile and hardness test results are:
其中耐磨测试结果为： The wear resistance test results are:
(实施例3)(Example 3)
本发明包括以下步骤：The invention includes the following steps:
S1、原材料准备：(1)准备超高强耐磨钢粉末；(2)准备粘结剂；S1. Raw material preparation: (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
其中超高强耐磨钢粉末按照质量百分比的具体组分如下表： The specific components of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder according to mass percentage are as follows:
而超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度为： The powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
其中粘结剂包括POM、骨架剂、分散剂、润滑剂、稳定剂；粘结剂的具体成分如下表： The binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
S2、喂料制备：将超高强耐磨钢粉末与粘结剂均匀混合形成喂料，按照最佳装载量来算为61.2％；S2. Feeding preparation: uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
S3、注射成型:将制备的喂料置于粉末注射成型机中，在100～180MPa注射压力和150～200℃的注射温度条件下注射到复杂零件的模具型腔内，形成注射坯；S3. Injection molding: Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
S4、催化脱脂：将注射坯进行硝酸催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；硝酸的流量为2～5ml/min，催化温度为80～120℃，脱脂时间t≥(240+60*H)min；其中H为复杂零件的最大壁厚，单位为mm；S4. Catalytic degreasing: perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2~5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80~120℃, and the degreasing time t≥(240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
S5、烧结：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在Ar气氛下进行烧结，得到烧结坯，烧结温度控制在1180～1200℃保温时间为3小时；S5. Sintering: Place the degreased billet in a monomer sintering furnace and sinter it under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet. The sintering temperature is controlled at 1180~1200°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
S6、平磨/车加工:将烧结好的零件按照客户给定的标准加工至最佳尺寸；将烧结好的测试环按照标准加工至最佳尺寸；S6. Flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
S7、热处理：将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再进行加热，一次回火550℃、保持3个小时，二次回火580℃、保持3个小时，油冷却至常温下，该材料通过二次回火，使得碳化物分布更均匀，提高材料的耐磨性，同时通过油冷可以更好的保证材料的相变体积不变，保证热处理后零件的尺寸稳定性；S7. Heat treatment: Heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then cool down under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; reheat, temper once at 550°C, and maintain for 3 Hours, secondary tempering at 580°C, maintained for 3 hours, the oil is cooled to normal temperature, the material undergoes secondary tempering to make the distribution of carbides more uniform, improve the wear resistance of the material, and at the same time, oil cooling can better ensure The phase change volume of the material remains unchanged, ensuring the dimensional stability of the parts after heat treatment;
S8、其他后处理方式：零件表面处理。S8. Other post-processing methods: part surface treatment.
为了，更好地体现热处理工艺对产品的影响，对最终件进行拉伸及硬度测试和耐磨测试。In order to better reflect the impact of the heat treatment process on the product, tensile and hardness tests and wear resistance tests were conducted on the final parts.
其中拉伸及硬度测试结果为： The tensile and hardness test results are:
其中耐磨测试结果为： The wear resistance test results are:
(实施例4)(Example 4)
本发明包括以下步骤：The invention includes the following steps:
S1、原材料准备：(1)准备超高强耐磨钢粉末；(2)准备粘结剂；S1. Raw material preparation: (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
为了体现本发明制备不同材料牌号的超高强耐磨钢产品，选择两种材料牌号的超高强耐磨钢粉末进行比对；In order to embody the present invention's preparation of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel products of different material brands, ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders of two material brands were selected for comparison;
其中两种超高强耐磨钢粉末按照质量百分比的具体组分如下表： The specific components of two ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders according to mass percentage are as follows:
NM-02通过添加Co元素，既能提高材料的耐腐蚀性能，同时可以提高材料的韧性，解决材料脆的问题；NM-03通过增加C和V，在热处理中形成碳化钒提高材料的耐磨性能，，同时保证Co含量的提高提升材料的韧性。By adding Co element, NM-02 can not only improve the corrosion resistance of the material, but also improve the toughness of the material and solve the problem of brittleness of the material; NM-03 can improve the wear resistance of the material by adding C and V to form vanadium carbide during heat treatment. performance, while ensuring that the increase in Co content improves the toughness of the material.
而上面两种超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度如下： The powder particle sizes of the above two ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powders are as follows:
其中粘结剂包括POM、骨架剂、分散剂、润滑剂、稳定剂；粘结剂的具体成分如下表： The binder includes POM, framework agent, dispersant, lubricant, and stabilizer; the specific ingredients of the binder are as follows:
S2、喂料制备：将超高强耐磨钢粉末与粘结剂均匀混合形成喂料，按照最佳装载量来算为61.2％；S2. Feeding preparation: uniformly mix ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material, calculated as 61.2% according to the optimal loading amount;
S3、注射成型:将制备的喂料置于粉末注射成型机中，在100～180MPa注射压力和150～200℃的注射温度条件下注射到复杂零件的模具型腔内，形成注射坯；S3. Injection molding: Place the prepared feed material in a powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity of complex parts under the conditions of injection pressure of 100 to 180MPa and injection temperature of 150 to 200°C to form an injection blank;
S4、催化脱脂：将注射坯进行硝酸催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；硝酸的流量为2～5ml/min，催化温度为80～120℃，脱脂时间t≥(240+60*H)min；其中H为复杂零件的最大壁厚，单位为mm；S4. Catalytic degreasing: perform nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank; the flow rate of nitric acid is 2~5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80~120℃, and the degreasing time t≥(240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
S5、烧结：将NM-02脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在Ar气氛下进行烧结，得到烧结坯，烧结温度控制在1200～1210℃保温时间为3小时；将NM-03脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在Ar气氛下进行烧结，得到烧结坯，烧结温度控制在1210～1220℃保温时间为3小时；S5. Sintering: Place the NM-02 degreased billet in a single sintering furnace and sinter it under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet. The sintering temperature is controlled at 1200~1210°C and the holding time is 3 hours; place the NM-03 degreased billet. In a monomer sintering furnace, sintering is performed under an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered billet. The sintering temperature is controlled at 1210~1220°C and the holding time is 3 hours;
S6、整形/机加工/平磨/车加工:将烧结好的零件按照客户给定的标准加工至最佳尺寸；将烧结好的测试环按照标准加工至最佳尺寸；S6. Shaping/machining/flat grinding/turning: process the sintered parts to the best size according to the standards given by the customer; process the sintered test rings to the best size according to the standards;
S7、热处理：将NM-02烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下。再将钢材加热至550℃，回火保持3个小时；将NM-03烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下。再将钢材加热至560℃，回火保持3个小时；S7. Heat treatment: Heat the NM-02 sintered billet to 1040°C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.5 hours. Then lower the temperature under nitrogen protection and cool for 30 minutes. The furnace temperature drops below 40°C. Then heat the steel to 550°C and keep tempering for 3 hours; heat the NM-03 sintered billet to 1040°C and keep it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then cool down under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops to 40°C the following. Then heat the steel to 560°C and maintain tempering for 3 hours;
S8、其他后处理方式：零件表面处理。S8. Other post-processing methods: part surface treatment.
对两种材料牌号的超高强耐磨钢产品进行拉伸及硬度测试和耐磨测试。Conduct tensile and hardness tests and wear-resistant tests on ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel products of two material grades.
其中拉伸及硬度测试结果为： The tensile and hardness test results are:
其中耐磨测试结果为： The wear resistance test results are:
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned specific embodiments further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. [根据细则91更正 17.10.2023]
    一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：    [Correction 17.10.2023 under Rule 91]
    A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy, which is characterized by including the following steps:
    S1、原材料准备：(1)准备超高强耐磨钢粉末；(2)准备粘结剂；S1. Raw material preparation: (1) Prepare ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder; (2) Prepare binder;
    其中，超高强耐磨钢粉末的粉末粒度为：Among them, the powder particle size of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel powder is:
    D10：2.7μm、D50:7.6μm、D90:17.5，振实密度为4.52g/cm3；D10: 2.7μm, D50: 7.6μm, D90: 17.5, tap density is 4.52g/cm 3 ;
    或者为D10：3.5μm、D50:8.9μm、D90:19.2，振实密度为4.65g/cm3；Or D10: 3.5μm, D50: 8.9μm, D90: 19.2, tap density is 4.65g/cm 3 ;
    或者为D10：4.5μm、D50:10.2μm、D90:22.7，振实密度为4.78g/cm3；Or D10: 4.5μm, D50: 10.2μm, D90: 22.7, tap density is 4.78g/cm 3 ;
    S2、喂料制备：将超高强耐磨钢粉末与粘结剂均匀混合形成喂料；S2. Feeding preparation: uniformly mix ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel powder and binder to form feeding material;
    S3、注射成型：将喂料置于粉末注射成型机中，在100～180Mpa注射压力和150～200℃注射温度的条件下注射到模具型腔内，形成注射坯；S3. Injection molding: Place the feed material in the powder injection molding machine and inject it into the mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180Mpa injection pressure and 150-200°C injection temperature to form an injection blank;
    S4、催化脱脂：对注射坯进行催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；S4. Catalytic degreasing: perform catalytic degreasing on the injection blank to form a degreased blank;
    S5、烧结：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中进行烧结，得到烧结坯；S5. Sintering: Place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered billet;
    S6、热处理：对烧结坯进行热处理获得最终件。S6. Heat treatment: Heat treat the sintered billet to obtain the final piece.
  2. [根据细则91更正 17.10.2023]
    根据权利要求1所述的一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S4的催化脱脂过程为：将注射坯进行硝酸催化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；硝酸的流量为2～5ml/min，催化温度为80～120℃，脱脂时间t≥(240+60*H)min；其中H为复杂零件的最大壁厚，单位为mm；    [Correction 17.10.2023 under Rule 91]
    A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the catalytic degreasing process of step S4 is: nitric acid catalytic degreasing of the injection blank to form a degreased blank; nitric acid The flow rate is 2~5ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80~120℃, the degreasing time t≥(240+60*H)min; where H is the maximum wall thickness of complex parts, in mm;
    或者为在催化炉中将注射坯进行硝酸催化雾化脱脂，形成脱脂坯；催化温度为90～120℃，充氮气保护排出一级粘结剂。Or, the injection blank is degreased by catalytic atomization with nitric acid in a catalytic furnace to form a degreased blank; the catalytic temperature is 90 to 120°C, and the first-level binder is discharged under nitrogen protection.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S5的烧结过程为：将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在Ar气氛下进行烧结，得到烧结坯，烧结温度控制在1180～1200℃保温时间为3小时；A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sintering process of step S5 is: placing the degreased blank in a single sintering furnace, in an Ar atmosphere Sintering is carried out under the condition to obtain a sintered billet. The sintering temperature is controlled at 1180~1200℃ and the holding time is 3 hours;
    或者为将脱脂坯置于单体烧结炉中，在高纯N2或Ar气氛保护下先进行二级粘结剂和三级粘结剂的排出，在1100℃时使用Ar烧结保温3h，再升温至1180-1200℃，使用N2+Ar烧结，烧结保温4h。Or in order to place the degreased billet in a single sintering furnace, first discharge the secondary binder and tertiary binder under the protection of high-purity N2 or Ar atmosphere, then use Ar sintering and insulation for 3 hours at 1100°C, and then Raise the temperature to 1180-1200°C, use N 2 + Ar to sinter, and keep the sintering temperature for 4 hours.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S6的热处理过程为：将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再将钢材加热至550℃，回火保持3个小时；A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat treatment process of step S6 is: heating the sintered billet to 1040°C and maintaining it at this temperature 1.5 hours, then lower the temperature under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat the steel to 550°C, and maintain tempering for 3 hours;
    或者为将烧结坯加热至1040℃，并在该温度下保持1.5小时，然后氮气保护下降温，冷却30min，炉温降至40℃以下；再进行加热，一次回火550℃～600℃，保持3个小时；二次回火550℃～600℃，保持3个小时。Or heat the sintered billet to 1040°C and keep it at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then cool down under nitrogen protection, cool for 30 minutes, and the furnace temperature drops below 40°C; then heat, temper once at 550°C to 600°C, and keep 3 hours; secondary tempering at 550℃~600℃ for 3 hours.
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S6之前，通过整形或机加工或平磨或车加工对烧结坯进行加工，使得烧结坯加工至标准尺寸。A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: before step S6, by shaping or machining or flat grinding or turning The sintered blank is processed to a standard size.
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的一种采用粉末冶金制备超高强耐磨钢复杂零件的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S6后，还对最终件进行表面处理。A method for preparing complex parts of ultra-high-strength wear-resistant steel using powder metallurgy according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: after the step S6, the final part is also surface treated.
PCT/CN2023/101606 2022-07-18 2023-06-21 Method for preparing ultrahigh-strength wear-resistant steel complex part by means of powder metallurgy WO2024016932A1 (en)

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