CN111992704A - Corrosion-resistant steel powder, ultrahigh-strength steel feed and preparation process of corrosion-resistant steel complex part - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant steel powder, ultrahigh-strength steel feed and preparation process of corrosion-resistant steel complex part Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001240 Maraging steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002440 Co–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical group [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002066 substitutional alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation process of corrosion-resistant steel powder, ultrahigh-strength steel feed and corrosion-resistant steel complex parts, wherein the corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is less than 0.1%, Ni: 15.5-19.5%, Co: 7-10%, Mo: 4-6%, Si less than 0.5%, Mn less than 0.5%, Ti less than 1.5%, and the balance Fe. The ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the preparation process comprises the following steps: s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed; s2, molding: obtaining a molding blank by injection molding or dry pressing molding; s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank; s4, sintering: and placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank. The invention expands the preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength steel part by the powder forming technology, and the method can also be used for preparing complex parts which cannot be prepared by the traditional preparation method, especially complex miniature parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder forming, in particular to a preparation process of corrosion-resistant steel powder, ultrahigh-strength steel feed and corrosion-resistant steel complex parts.
Background
The ultra-strong corrosion-resistant steel is used as a special metal material with excellent performance, high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistance and easiness in processing, forming and welding, is mainly used for key force-bearing components such as energy development, petrochemical industry and aircraft landing gears, main beams, turbine engine spindles, engine housings, force-bearing bolts and the like, is prepared by a traditional method for preparing ultra-strong corrosion-resistant steel parts by adopting a fusion casting method, and has low preparation efficiency, product size precision and complexity.
With the increasingly strict requirements of the consumer electronics industry on the mechanical properties of metal materials, particularly the high precision and complexity of the current folding mobile phone hinge, the hinge requires the characteristics of high strength, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, so that the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel becomes a preferred material for the part. However, the traditional preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel part cannot prepare complex parts, particularly micro parts and micro complex parts. In the products of the electronic industry, there are many complex parts, micro parts and micro complex parts, so that how to apply the ultra-high-strength corrosion-resistant steel to the preparation of the parts always exists.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a corrosion-resistant steel powder that can be used in a powder molding process and by which a high-performance product can be obtained.
The technical scheme for realizing the first purpose of the invention is as follows: the corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is less than 0.1%, Ni: 15.5-19.5%, Co: 7-10%, Mo: 4-6%, Si less than 0.5%, Mn less than 0.5%, Ti less than 1.5%, and the balance Fe.
The control of the content of the component (element) of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is particularly important for controlling the content of the component because it directly affects the influence of the product in the later stage. When the corrosion-resistant steel powder is researched and developed, a great deal of technical research is carried out, and the mutual influence of the contents of the elements is one of the difficulties of the invention. According to a number of studies, the mechanism is as follows:
c (carbon): is a basic element having the greatest influence on the properties of steel, and is an austenite forming element which is very effective in suppressing ferrite formation at high temperatures and increasing the solid solution strengthening of cold-work-induced martensite phase. The influence of different carbon contents on the performance of the steel is different according to the content of impurity elements in the steel and the difference of cooling conditions after rolling, and along with the increase of the carbon content in the steel, the hardness of the carbon steel in a hot rolling state is increased linearly, and the plasticity and the toughness are reduced.
Ni (nickel): as an austenite element at high temperature and room temperature, the strength of the steel can be improved without remarkably reducing the toughness, the workability and weldability of the steel can be improved, the corrosion resistance of the steel can be improved, and the steel can resist not only acid, but also alkali and atmosphere corrosion. However, the addition of the above is disadvantageous in that the martensite phase is induced to form during cold working.
Co (cobalt): cobalt, like nickel and manganese, forms a continuous solid solution with iron, and suppresses and retards the precipitation and aggregation of special carbides of other elements during tempering or use. Cobalt is a matrix of the reinforced steel, and improves the hardness and strength in the annealed or normalized carbon steel, but can cause the reduction of plasticity and impact toughness, obviously improves the heat strength and high-temperature hardness of special-purpose steel and alloy, and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the maraging steel, so that the maraging steel has super-strong toughness. Cobalt as a non-carbide forming element reduces the solid solubility of Mo in martensite, thereby promoting Mo2The formation of the C precipitation phase promotes the complete transformation of austenite into martensite, and reduces the tendency of martensite to transform into reverse austenite.
Mo (molybdenum): molybdenum and chromium are elements which form and stabilize ferrite and expand a ferrite phase region, and molybdenum has a ferrite forming ability equivalent to that of chromium and has a solid solution strengthening effect and a hydrogen corrosion resistance effect on ferrite. Molybdenum also promotes intermetallic phases in austenitic stainless steel, the addition of molybdenum has little influence on the room-temperature mechanical properties, but the high-temperature strength of the steel is improved along with the increase of the content of molybdenum, and the properties such as durability, creep deformation and the like are greatly improved, and the hardenability of the steel is improved.
Si (silicon): generally acts as a deoxidizing agent, increasing the strength of solid solutions in the steel and the degree of cold work hardening, which reduces the toughness and plasticity of the steel. Excessive addition of silicon deteriorates the weldability of the steel by hardening the strain-induced martensite phase and also hardening it by entering the austenite phase in a solid solution state to promote the increase in the strength after aging.
Mn (manganese): as an element for controlling the stability of an austenite phase, the hardenability of the steel can be improved, the obvious effect on improving the strength of low-carbon and medium-carbon pearlite steel is achieved, and meanwhile, the high-temperature instantaneous strength of the steel is improved, but the high-temperature instantaneous strength of the steel is not as good as that of Mo; in addition, Mn is not added in excess as in other austenite phases, which is disadvantageous in that martensite phase is induced to form during cold working.
Ti (titanium): the hot strength of the steel is improved, the creep resistance and the high-temperature endurance strength of the steel are improved, the stability of the steel in high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen can be improved, but the toughness of the steel is greatly damaged. The proportion of Ti element in the corrosion-resistant steel powder directly influences the yield strength of the material, and the influence mechanism is as follows: titanium in steel forms Ni almost completely3Ti intermetallic compound strengthening phase, the strength of the steel varies with the amount of titanium content.
It follows that a great deal of research is required to obtain the corrosion-resistant steel powder of the present invention.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an ultrahigh-strength steel feed which can be used for powder molding complex parts, and the ultrahigh-strength steel feed can provide favorable conditions for obtaining ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel complex parts (especially miniature parts) with high performance at a later stage through strict element content control.
The technical scheme for realizing the second purpose of the invention is as follows: the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount. The loading is the volume percentage of corrosion resistant steel powder to the total feed. And the optimum loading is the optimum volume percentage.
The binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersant, a lubricant and a stabilizer.
Alternatively, the binder includes a dispersant and a lubricant.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part; since the Metal Powder Injection Molding (Metal Powder Injection Molding) technology is one of the most advantageous Molding technologies at present, it has advantages over other processing methods in solving the problems of difficult Metal cutting and processing, complexity of Molding Metal parts, mass production and production efficiency, and can manufacture high-reliability, high-strength, high-precision complex micro parts. The invention effectively solves the dilemma of preparing load parts, especially load micro parts by ultra-high-strength corrosion-resistant steel through the powder forming technology.
The technical scheme for realizing the third purpose of the invention is as follows: the preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: uniformly mixing the corrosion-resistant steel powder and the binder in a feed preparation machine according to the optimal loading capacity to prepare a feed;
s2, molding: obtaining a molding blank by injection molding or dry pressing molding; when injection molding is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a powder injection molding machine and injected into a mold cavity to form a molding blank; when dry pressing molding is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a dry press, and is subjected to dry pressing to a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: and placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank.
When the step S2 is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a powder injection molding machine and is injected into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ injection temperature to form a molding blank; when dry pressing is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a dry press, and is subjected to dry pressing to a die cavity under the pressure of 10-20 Mpa to form a forming blank.
In the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank formed by injection molding to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is not less than (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm; carrying out hot stripping on the formed blank formed by dry pressing to form a degreased blank; and the thermal desorption time t is more than or equal to (600+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and is measured in mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a continuous sintering furnace and put in H2Sintering in the atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
Simultaneously, the method also comprises the following steps: the sintered compact is heat treated and/or shaped and/or machined and/or surface treated. Wherein the heat treatment comprises solution and cold treatment.
When injection molding is adopted, the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersing agent, a lubricating agent and a stabilizing agent.
When dry-pressing is used, the binder includes a dispersant and a lubricant.
The ultra-high strength of corrosion resistant steel is mainly due to solid solution strengthening, transformation strengthening and dissolution of aging strengthening gaps or substitutional alloy atoms into martensite to cause solid solution strengthening. In the aging process, most of the alloy elements are precipitated as intermetallic compounds, and the content of the alloy elements dissolved in martensite is greatly reduced, so that the contribution of solid solution strengthening to the strength is small. Aging strengthening is the main way for super-strong steel to obtain super-high strength, and mainly refers to dislocation strengthening and second phase strengthening generated in the aging process. The second phase strengthening plays a decisive role, solute atoms in the material diffuse through an ascending slope to form a Ni-Mo enrichment area, so that a fine precipitated phase is separated out, the size of second phase particles is changed immediately along with the separation of intermetallic compounds, and when a certain value is reached, the resistance of the second phase particles is increased, and the strength is improved.
The corrosion-resistant steel still has higher toughness (namely, the ultra-high strength corrosion-resistant steel) under the ultra-high strength level, and the main reasons are as follows: 1. the super-strong corrosion-resistant steel contains a large amount of Ni and Co, and the two elements play a role in reducing the interaction energy between dislocation and impurity atoms, so that a Fe-Ni-Co matrix with high Ni content is changed into a Fe-Co-Ni matrix with high Co content; 2. the content of C, N in the super corrosion-resistant steel is low, so that the number of pinned dislocations is reduced, a large number of slidable dislocations exist in the super corrosion-resistant steel, and stress can be relaxed through local plastic deformation when stress concentration is generated, so that large stress concentration can be organized; 3. high-density dislocation is basically obtained through martensite deformation, so that the number of cores during aging is greatly increased, and good conditions are created for diffusion precipitation. The fine dispersed precipitated phase particles are distributed uniformly and finely in the crystal, and the precipitation of large-size precipitated phases in the crystal boundary is prevented.
The invention has the positive effects that: (1) in order to meet the performance requirements of ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel powder molding high-precision complex parts, the invention deeply researches the influence of the element content of the corrosion-resistant steel powder on the product performance, and obtains the high-performance ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel complex parts through strict element content control.
(2) The invention prepares the ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel part by using a powder forming process for the first time, and obtains the high-performance ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel complex part through a unique sintering process and a heat treatment process.
(3) The ultrahigh-strength corrosion-resistant steel complex part prepared by the method can be applied to 3C products, and has revolutionary innovation for promoting the expansion of a powder molding material system and the development of the consumer electronics industry.
Detailed Description
(example 1)
The corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Ni: 17.7%, Co: 8.5%, Mo: 4.5%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.28%, Ti: 0.2 percent and the balance of Fe;
the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersant, a lubricant and a stabilizer; the specific components of the binder are as follows:
TABLE 1
The optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount. According to the calculation, the optimum loading φ 2 was 61.2%.
The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: the corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by putting corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder into a feeding preparation machine for mixing;
s2, molding: placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank;
s5, heat treatment: heating to 950-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and rapidly cooling by water quenching. Heating the steel to 500 ℃, keeping for 4 hours, and cooling in air;
s6, shaping/machining: machining the sintered part to an optimal size according to the standard given by a customer;
s7, other post-processing method: and (6) surface treatment.
Step S2, placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa of injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ of injection temperature to form a molding blank;
and in the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is not less than (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a continuous sintering furnace and is subjected to H2Sintering in the atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
The test data for the parts prepared in this example are as follows:
TABLE 2
(example 2)
The corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Ni: 17.7%, Co: 8.5%, Mo: 4.5%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.28%, Ti: 0.2% and the balance Fe;
the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the binder comprises a dispersant and a lubricant, and the specific composition is as follows:
TABLE 3
The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: the corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by putting corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder into a feeding preparation machine for mixing;
s2, molding: placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a dry press, and dry-pressing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity of a mold to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: and placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank.
S5, heat treatment: heating to 950-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and rapidly cooling by water quenching. Heating the steel to 500 ℃, keeping for 4 hours, and cooling in air;
s6, shaping/machining, namely machining the sintered part to an optimal size according to the standard given by a customer;
s7, other post-processing method: and (6) surface treatment.
And step S2, placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a dry press, and performing dry pressing at the pressure of 20Mpa into a die cavity of the die to form a forming blank.
In the step S3, the molded blank is thermally stripped to form a degreased blank; and the thermal desorption time t is more than or equal to (600+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and is measured in mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a continuous sintering furnace in H2Sintering in the atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
The test data for the parts prepared in this example are as follows:
TABLE 4
(example 3)
The corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Ni: 17.7%, Co: 8.5%, Mo: 4.5%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.28 percent, and the balance of Fe;
the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersant, a lubricant and a stabilizer; the specific components of the binder are as follows:
TABLE 5
The optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount. According to the calculation, the optimum loading φ 2 was 61.2%.
The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: the corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by putting corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder into a feeding preparation machine for mixing;
s2, molding: placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank;
s5, heat treatment: heating to 950-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and rapidly cooling by water quenching. Heating the steel to 500 ℃, keeping for 4 hours, and cooling in air;
s6, shaping/machining: machining the sintered part to an optimal size according to the standard given by a customer;
s7, other post-processing method: and (6) surface treatment.
Step S2, placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa of injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ of injection temperature to form a molding blank;
and in the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is not less than (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a continuous sintering furnace and is subjected to H2Sintering in the atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
The test data for the parts prepared in this example are as follows:
TABLE 6
(example 4)
The corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Ni: 17.7%, Co: 8.5%, Mo: 4.5%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.28%, Ti: 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe;
the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersant, a lubricant and a stabilizer; the specific components of the binder are as follows:
TABLE 7
The optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount. According to the calculation, the optimum loading φ 2 was 61.2%.
The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: the corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by putting corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder into a feeding preparation machine for mixing;
s2, molding: placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank;
s5, heat treatment: heating to 950-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and rapidly cooling by water quenching. Heating the steel to 500 ℃, keeping for 4 hours, and cooling in air;
s6, shaping/machining: machining the sintered part to an optimal size according to the standard given by a customer;
s7, other post-processing method: and (6) surface treatment.
Step S2, placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa of injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ of injection temperature to form a molding blank;
and in the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is not less than (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a monomer sintering furnace and sintered in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
The test data for the parts prepared in this example are as follows:
TABLE 8
(example 5)
The corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Ni: 17.7%, Co: 8.5%, Mo: 4.5%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.28%, Ti: 1.1 percent and the balance of Fe;
the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersant, a lubricant and a stabilizer; the specific components of the binder are as follows:
TABLE 9
The optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount. Root of herbaceous plantThe optimum loading φ 2 was calculated to be 61.2%.
The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: the corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by putting corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder into a feeding preparation machine for mixing;
s2, molding: placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank;
s5, heat treatment: heating to 950-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and rapidly cooling by water quenching. Heating the steel to 500 ℃, keeping for 4 hours, and cooling in air;
s6, shaping/machining: machining the sintered part to an optimal size according to the standard given by a customer;
s7, other post-processing method: and (6) surface treatment.
Step S2, placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa of injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ of injection temperature to form a molding blank;
and in the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is not less than (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a monomer sintering furnace and sintered in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
The test data for the parts prepared in this example are as follows:
watch 10
(example 6)
The corrosion-resistant steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Ni: 17.7%, Co: 8.5%, Mo: 4.5%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.28%, Ti: 1.1 percent and the balance of Fe;
the ultrahigh-strength steel feed comprises the uniformly mixed corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder; the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersant, a lubricant and a stabilizer; the specific components of the binder are as follows:
TABLE 11
The optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount. According to the calculation, the optimum loading φ 2 was 61.2%.
The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed: the corrosion-resistant steel powder is prepared by putting corrosion-resistant steel powder and a binder into a feeding preparation machine for mixing;
s2, molding: placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank;
s5, heat treatment: heating to 950-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and rapidly cooling by water quenching. Heating the steel to 500 ℃, keeping for 4 hours, and cooling in air;
s6, shaping/machining: machining the sintered part to an optimal size according to the standard given by a customer;
s7, other post-processing method: and (6) surface treatment.
Step S2, placing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 into a powder injection molding machine, and injecting the ultrahigh-strength steel feed into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa of injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ of injection temperature to form a molding blank;
and in the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is not less than (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm.
In the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a monomer sintering furnace and sintered in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
The test data for the parts prepared in this example are as follows:
TABLE 12
Claims (11)
1. The corrosion-resistant steel powder is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c is less than 0.1%, Ni: 15.5-19.5%, Co: 7-10%, Mo: 4-6%, Si less than 0.5%, Mn less than 0.5%, Ti less than 1.5%, and the balance Fe.
2. The ultrahigh-strength steel feed is characterized in that: comprising uniformly mixing the corrosion-resistant steel powder of claim 1 and a binder; the optimum loading φ 2 of the corrosion-resistant steel powder is obtained as follows:
formula 1:
formula 2: phi 2 is 0.96 phi 1
In formula 1,. rhoZDenotes the tap density, rho, of the corrosion-resistant steel powderLRepresents the theoretical density of the corrosion-resistant steel powder, and phi 1 represents the loading capacity; in the formula 2,. phi.2 represents the optimum loading amount.
3. An ultra-high strength steel feedstock as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the binder comprises POM, a skeleton agent, a dispersing agent, a lubricant, a toughening agent and a stabilizing agent.
4. An ultra-high strength steel feedstock as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the binder includes a dispersant and a lubricant.
5. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant steel complex part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing the ultrahigh-strength steel feed of claim 2;
s2, molding: obtaining a molding blank by injection molding or dry pressing molding; when injection molding is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a powder injection molding machine and injected into a mold cavity to form a molding blank; when dry pressing molding is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a dry press, and is subjected to dry pressing to a mold cavity to form a molding blank;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the formed blank to form a degreased blank;
s4, sintering: and placing the degreased blank in a continuous sintering furnace, and sintering to obtain a sintered blank.
6. The process for the preparation of a corrosion-resistant steel complex part according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the step S2 is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a powder injection molding machine and is injected into a mold cavity under the conditions of 100-180 MPa injection pressure and 150-200 ℃ injection temperature to form a molding blank; when dry pressing is adopted, the ultrahigh-strength steel feed prepared in the step S1 is placed in a dry press, and is subjected to dry pressing to a die cavity under the pressure of 10-20 Mpa to form a forming blank.
7. The process for the preparation of a corrosion-resistant steel complex part according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step S3, performing nitric acid catalytic degreasing on the molded blank formed by injection molding to form a degreased blank, wherein the flow rate of the nitric acid is 2-5 ml/min, the catalytic temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the degreasing time t is more than or equal to (240+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and the unit is mm; carrying out hot stripping on the formed blank formed by dry pressing to form a degreased blank; and the thermal desorption time t is more than or equal to (600+ 60H) min, wherein H is the maximum wall thickness of the complex part and is measured in mm.
8. The process for the preparation of a corrosion-resistant steel complex part according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step S4, the degreased blank is placed in a continuous sintering furnace and is subjected to H2Sintering in the atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; the sintering temperature T is controlled to be 1340-1390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours.
9. The process for the preparation of a corrosion-resistant steel complex part according to claim 5, characterized in that: also comprises the following steps: the sintered compact is heat treated and/or shaped and/or machined and/or surface treated.
10. The process for the preparation of a corrosion-resistant steel complex part according to claim 5, characterized in that: when injection molding is employed, the binder includes POM, a backbone, a dispersant, a lubricant, a toughening agent, and a stabilizer.
11. The process for the preparation of a corrosion-resistant steel complex part according to claim 5, characterized in that: when dry-pressing is used, the binder includes a dispersant and a lubricant.
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