WO2024016554A1 - 空轨胶轮车辆及其主动安全接地装置与方法 - Google Patents

空轨胶轮车辆及其主动安全接地装置与方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016554A1
WO2024016554A1 PCT/CN2022/135756 CN2022135756W WO2024016554A1 WO 2024016554 A1 WO2024016554 A1 WO 2024016554A1 CN 2022135756 W CN2022135756 W CN 2022135756W WO 2024016554 A1 WO2024016554 A1 WO 2024016554A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
grounding
relay
steel wheel
active safety
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PCT/CN2022/135756
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚学斌
吴桂林
吕远斌
袁艳萍
李晨静
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CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co Ltd
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CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B3/00—Elevated railway systems with suspended vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M5/00—Arrangements along running rails or at joints thereof for current conduction or insulation, e.g. safety devices for reducing earth currents
    • B60M5/02—Means for reducing potential difference between rail and adjacent ground

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rail transportation, and in particular relates to an active safety grounding device and method applied to an empty rail rubber-tired vehicle.
  • Empty rail vehicles i.e. aerial rail trains
  • the running wheels and stabilizing wheels of the running system usually use rubber wheels. Since the rubber wheels are naturally insulated, in order to ensure the safety of the grounding of the entire vehicle, a grounding module is required.
  • the grounding module of the air rail rubber-tired vehicle uses grounding carbon brushes for safe grounding in the grounding area ( Figure 1).
  • springs are generally used to apply pressure to the carbon brushes. Tightness is achieved.
  • the air-rail rubber-tired vehicle can achieve safe grounding of the vehicle through a grounding connecting rod structure or a grounding module fixed on the brake caliper.
  • the above methods are all passive grounding methods, that is, the safe grounding of the wheel can only be achieved when mechanical force is applied to the grounding module. When the vehicle is stationary, the grounding module cannot be in contact with the ground if no external force is applied. Therefore, the passive grounding method has problems such as unreliable and unstable grounding, which will affect the safety of drivers and passengers.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an empty rail rubber-tired vehicle and its active safety grounding device and method to solve the problems of low reliability and low stability of existing passive grounding modules.
  • an active safety grounding device for an air-rail rubber-tired vehicle including a control module and a grounding module located at the bottom of the air-rail rubber-tired vehicle compartment;
  • An active safety grounding device for an air-rail rubber-tired vehicle is characterized by: including a control module and a grounding module located at the bottom of the air-rail rubber-tired vehicle compartment;
  • the grounding module includes a driving component, a linear motion component and a steel wheel; the driving component is connected to the linear motion component; the steel wheel is provided on the linear motion component; the output end of the control module is connected to the linear motion component.
  • the drive components are electrically connected;
  • the control module controls the operation of the driving assembly according to the vehicle traction state and/or vehicle operating speed.
  • the driving assembly drives the linear motion assembly to move in its axial direction, thereby causing the steel wheel to contact/disengage from the ground.
  • the invention uses electronic control to control the operation of the driving assembly according to the vehicle traction state and/or the vehicle running speed, and then controls the steel wheel to contact or disengage from the ground (that is, not in contact), thereby improving the grounding reliability and stability and ensuring the safety of the driver and passengers.
  • Personnel safety Since the present invention adopts an electronic control method to realize grounding control and has a fast response speed, it can quickly realize safe grounding when the vehicle needs to be grounded when it enters the station, further improving grounding safety.
  • the driving component of the present invention is an electromagnet
  • the linear motion component includes an elastic component and a mounting base
  • the electromagnet is connected to one end of the mounting base through an elastic component, and the steel wheel is provided on the The other end of the mounting base
  • the mounting base is made of magnetic material
  • the control module controls the energization/de-energization of the electromagnet according to the vehicle traction state and/or the vehicle running speed, so that the mounting base moves in a direction closer to/away from the electromagnet, thereby controlling the contact between the steel wheel and the ground. Engagement/disengagement.
  • the electromagnet when the electromagnet is energized, the electromagnet attracts the mounting base, and the mounting base drives the steel wheel to retract (i.e., compresses the elastic component), causing the steel wheel to separate from the ground, and the grounding module does not affect the normal operation of the vehicle; when the electromagnet loses When the vehicle is powered on, the electromagnet releases the mounting base, the elastic component is in a naturally extended state, and the steel wheel is in contact with the ground to achieve safe grounding of the vehicle.
  • the steel wheel when the electromagnet loses power, the steel wheel is in contact with the ground. That is, when the electromagnet loses power, the spring is not in a completely relaxed state, but has a certain pressing force to adapt to the uneven ground environment in the platform area, ensuring that the steel wheel can always be in contact with the ground when the electromagnet loses power.
  • the elastic component may be a leaf spring or a coil spring.
  • control module includes a first relay and a second relay; the normally open contact of the first relay is connected in series with the coil of the second relay; the normally open contact of the second relay It is electrically connected to the driving component; one end of the coil of the first relay is connected to the positive pole of the vehicle power supply through the diode and TCMS system, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the vehicle power supply.
  • the coil of the first relay can be powered on or off under the control of the vehicle TCMS system.
  • the coil of the first relay loses power, its normally open contact is disconnected, and the coil of the second relay loses power.
  • the normally open contact of the second relay is disconnected, and the steel wheel of the grounding device is in contact with the ground; conversely, when the vehicle TCMS system does not give a grounding instruction or a normal operation instruction of the vehicle, the coil of the first relay is energized, and its normal
  • the open contact is closed, the coil of the second relay is energized, the normally open contact of the second relay is closed, the grounding device is energized, and its steel wheel is separated from the ground.
  • the control module also includes a bypass switch, which is connected in parallel with the normally open contact of the first relay.
  • the bypass switch can be operated, and the manual bypass can achieve the same function, which improves the design redundancy and ensures the safety and reliability of grounding.
  • the bypass switch is located on the driver's station in the driver's cab for easy operation by the driver.
  • the bypass switch is a resettable switch.
  • the present invention also provides a method for active grounding control using the above-mentioned active safety grounding device, which includes the following steps:
  • control module controls the drive component to be powered on, and the linear motion component drives the steel wheel to move to separate the steel wheel from the ground.
  • the present invention also provides an empty rail rubber-tyred vehicle, including multiple vehicles; at least one set of the above-mentioned active safety grounding devices of the present invention is provided on both sides of the bottom of each vehicle.
  • the empty rail rubber-tired vehicle and its active safety grounding device and method provided by the present invention can realize active control of the grounding of the steel wheel according to the vehicle traction state and/or the vehicle running speed, ensure the safe grounding of the vehicle, eliminate the vehicle potential difference, and ensure It improves the safety of driving or maintenance, and greatly improves the reliability and stability of safety grounding control.
  • the present invention can realize the automatic and safe grounding of the vehicle through active control when the vehicle is inspected in the warehouse, entering and exiting the site or line rescue, thereby ensuring the safety of the driver and passengers; when the TCMS system fails, the vehicle can be grounded by the bypass.
  • the road switch realizes the control of the steel wheel being separated from the ground, which improves the design redundancy, reduces the risk of the vehicle exceeding the line limit, and prevents the steel wheel from affecting the normal operation of the vehicle.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the wheel-rail relationship of hollow rail rubber tires in the prior art; among them, A-car body, B-running wheel, C-stabilizing wheel, D-current receiving device installation area, E-return and grounding installation area, F- Track box girder.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the hollow rail rubber tire vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Figure 2 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a grounding module in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the control module in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of the active grounding control method in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-ground module 11-electromagnet, 12-elastic component, 13-mounting base, 14-steel wheel.
  • An active safety grounding device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to an air-rail rubber-tyred vehicle.
  • Two sets of the active safety grounding devices are provided on both sides of the bottom of each carriage, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Each active safety grounding device includes a control module and a grounding module 1 located at the bottom of the carriage.
  • the grounding module 1 includes an electromagnet 11, an elastic component 12, a mounting base 13 and a steel wheel 14; the electromagnet 11 is connected to the mounting base 13 through the elastic component 12, and the steel wheel 14 is located on the mounting base 13;
  • the control module includes a first relay and a second relay; the normally open contact K12 of the first relay is connected in series with the coil K21 of the second relay; the normally open contact K22 of the second relay is connected with the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnet 11 Electrical connection; the gain and loss of the coil K11 of the first relay is controlled by the vehicle's TCMS system according to the vehicle's running speed, and the gain and loss of the coil K21 of the second relay is controlled by the opening and closing of the normally open contact K12 of the first relay.
  • the mounting base of this embodiment is made of magnetic material, such as magnets.
  • the TCMS system controls the coil K11 of the first relay to lose power, the normally open contact K12 of the first relay remains open, the coil K21 of the second relay loses power, and the normally open contact of the second relay K22 remains disconnected, the electromagnet 11 is not energized, the electromagnet 11 has no adsorption effect on the mounting base 13, the elastic component 12 is in a naturally stretched state, and the steel wheel 14 is in contact with the platform ground (as shown in (a) in Figure 4 ), realizes vehicle grounding, ensures vehicle grounding safety, and eliminates vehicle potential difference.
  • the TCMS system controls the coil K11 of the first relay to be energized, the normally open contact K12 of the first relay to be closed, the coil K21 of the second relay to be energized, and the normally open contact K22 of the second relay to be energized.
  • the electromagnet 11 is energized, the electromagnet 11 has an adsorption effect on the mounting base 13, compresses the elastic component 12, the steel wheel 14 is separated from the ground (the state shown in (b) in Figure 4), and the grounding module 1 is aligned with the vehicle's main line (i.e., operating lines) has no impact on the operating status, ensuring the safe operation of vehicles and reducing the risk of vehicles exceeding line limits.
  • one end of the coil K11 of the first relay is connected to the cathode of the diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the positive electrode of the vehicle power supply through the TCMS system, and the other end of the coil K11 of the first relay is connected to the ground (negative electrode).
  • the TCMS system gives a high level, the diode is turned on, and the coil K11 of the first relay is energized; when the TCMS system gives a low level, the diode is cut off, and the coil K11 of the first relay is de-energized.
  • the TCMS system when grounding is required, the TCMS system provides a low level, and when grounding is not required, the TCMS system provides a high level.
  • the grounding module 1 composed of the electromagnet 11, the elastic component 12, the mounting base 13 and the steel wheel 14 has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, easy control, fast response speed and easy maintenance.
  • the elastic component 12 is a leaf spring or a coil spring.
  • control module also includes a bypass switch N1, which is located on the driver's station in the driver's cab; one end of the bypass switch N1 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of the second relay.
  • Coil K21 is connected as shown in Figure 5.
  • the driver controls the coil K21 of the second relay to be energized through the bypass switch N1, thereby controlling the drive.
  • the steel wheel 14 is normally separated from the ground, ensuring the reliability of the grounding module 1.
  • the bypass switch N1 is a resettable switch.
  • the initial state of the bypass switch is a normally open state, and only after the driver and passenger press the bypass switch, the branch where the bypass switch is located is turned on.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for active grounding control using the above-mentioned active safety grounding device, which includes the following steps:
  • the control module controls the electromagnet 11 to be de-energized, the electromagnet 11 has no adsorption effect on the mounting base 13, the elastic component 12 is not compressed and is in a naturally stretched state, and the steel wheel 14 is in contact with the platform ground, ensuring The vehicle's active safety grounding when at the platform; when the vehicle's running speed is not zero, the control module controls the electromagnet 11 to be energized, the electromagnet 11 generates electromagnetic force and has an adsorption effect on the mounting base 13, and the elastic component 12 is compressed and is in a compressed state , the steel wheel 14 is detached from the ground (not in contact), ensuring that the grounding module 1 has no impact on the vehicle operation when the vehicle is in the positive line state.
  • An active safety grounding device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to an air-rail rubber-tyred vehicle.
  • Two sets of the active safety grounding devices are provided on both sides of the bottom of each carriage, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Each active safety grounding device includes a control module and a grounding module 1 located at the bottom of the carriage.
  • the structure of the ground module 1 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.
  • the TCMS system controls the coil K11 of the first relay to lose power, the normally open contact K12 of the first relay to remain open, the coil K21 of the second relay to lose power, and the normally open contact of the second relay to remain open. K22 remains disconnected, the electromagnet is not energized, and the mounting base does not move.
  • the steel wheel 14 is in contact with the ground of the platform to realize the grounding of the vehicle, ensuring the safety of the grounding of the vehicle and eliminating the potential difference of the vehicle;
  • the TCMS system controls The coil K11 of the first relay is energized, the normally open contact K12 of the first relay is closed, the coil K21 of the second relay is energized, the normally open contact K22 of the second relay is closed, the electromagnet is energized and works, and the steel wheel 14 is connected to the ground Disengaged, the grounding module 1 has no impact on the vehicle's main line operating status, ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for active grounding control using the above-mentioned active safety grounding device, which includes the following steps:
  • the electromagnet When the vehicle is not in the traction state, the electromagnet is not energized and does not work, and the mounting base does not move in a straight line. At this time, the steel wheel 14 is in contact with the ground of the platform, ensuring the active and safe grounding of the vehicle on the platform; when the vehicle is in the traction state , the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnet is energized, and the mounting base moves linearly, thereby controlling the movement of the steel wheel 14 and making the steel wheel 14 separate from the ground, ensuring that the grounding module 1 has no impact on the operation of the vehicle when the vehicle is in the positive line state.
  • An active safety grounding device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to an air-rail rubber-tyred vehicle.
  • Two sets of the active safety grounding devices are provided on both sides of the bottom of each carriage, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Each active safety grounding device includes a control module and a grounding module 1 located at the bottom of the carriage.
  • the structure of the ground module 1 is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
  • the TCMS system controls the coil K11 of the first relay to lose power, the normally open contact K12 of the first relay remains open, the coil K21 of the second relay loses power, and the second relay The normally open contact K22 remains open, the electromagnet is not energized, and the mounting base does not move.
  • the steel wheel 14 is in contact with the ground of the platform to realize the grounding of the vehicle, ensuring the safety of the grounding of the vehicle and eliminating the potential difference of the vehicle; when the vehicle is in the traction state And when the running speed is not zero, the TCMS system controls the coil K11 of the first relay to be energized, the normally open contact K12 of the first relay to be closed, the coil K21 of the second relay to be energized, and the normally open contact K22 of the second relay to be closed. , the electromagnet is energized and works to produce an adsorption effect on the mounting base, thereby controlling the linear movement of the steel wheel 14 and making the steel wheel 14 detach from the ground.
  • the grounding module 1 has no impact on the vehicle's normal running status, avoiding the risk of the vehicle exceeding the line limit. The safe operation of the vehicle is ensured.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for active grounding control using the above-mentioned active safety grounding device, which includes the following steps:
  • the control module controls the electromagnet
  • the mounting base drives the steel wheel 14 to move, causing the steel wheel 14 to detach from the ground, ensuring that the grounding module 1 has no impact on the operation of the vehicle when the vehicle is in the positive line state.
  • This embodiment provides an empty rail rubber-tyred vehicle, including multiple vehicles; at least one set of active safety grounding devices of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1/Embodiment 2/Embodiment 3 is provided on both sides of the bottom of each vehicle.
  • two sets of active safety grounding devices are provided on both sides of the bottom of each car to improve the redundancy of the design and ensure safe and reliable grounding.
  • the mounting base includes a vertical section and a horizontal section. One end of the horizontal section is connected to the vertical section. The straight section is fixedly connected, and the other end of the horizontal section has a U-shaped cross section.
  • the steel wheel is installed on the U-shaped end through the mounting shaft.
  • the mounting shaft is parallel to the vertical section of the mounting base; one or both ends of the vertical section of the mounting base are connected to the metal shell.
  • the inner wall is in contact, and one end of the horizontal section of the mounting base extends from the side of the metal shell to facilitate contact between the steel wheel and the ground.
  • the metal shell is in contact with the bottom of the carriage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种空轨胶轮车辆及其主动安全接地装置与方法,每套主动安全接地装置均包括控制模块以及设于车厢底部的接地模块；所述接地模块包括驱动组件、直线运动组件以及钢轮；所述驱动组件与所述直线运动组件连接；所述钢轮设于所述直线运动组件上；控制模块的输出端与所述驱动组件电性连接；控制模块根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度控制所述驱动组件工作，进而控制直线运动组件的运动，进而控制所述钢轮与地面的接触。本发明可根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度实现钢轮接地的主动控制，确保了车辆安全接地，消除了车辆电势差，确保了行车或检修维护的安全性，大大提高了安全接地控制的可靠性和稳定性。

Description

空轨胶轮车辆及其主动安全接地装置与方法 技术领域
本发明属于轨道交通技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用于空轨胶轮车辆的主动安全接地装置及方法。
背景技术
空轨车辆(即空中轨道列车)，通过特有轮轨走行系统运行于轨道下方，车体悬于空中运行。为了确保车辆运行时的舒适性，走行系统走行轮和稳固轮通常采用胶轮，由于胶轮天然绝缘，为了确保整车接地安全，需配置接地模块。
目前，空轨胶轮车辆的接地模块采用接地碳刷在接地区域进行安全接地(如图1)，为了确保相对位置固定的碳刷与接地区域之间紧密接触，一般通过弹簧对碳刷施加压紧力得以实现。或者，空轨胶轮车辆通过接地连杆结构或在制动夹钳上固定接地模块等，实现车辆的安全接地。上述方式均为被动接地方式，即只有在向接地模块施加机械力时，才能实现车轮的安全接地。在车辆静止时，若未人为施加外力，接地模块无法与地面接触，因此采用被动接地方式存在接地不可靠、不稳定等问题，将影响司乘人员安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种空轨胶轮车辆及其主动安全接地装置与方法，以解决现有被动式接地模块的可靠性低和稳定性低的问题。
本发明是通过如下的技术方案来解决上述技术问题的：一种用于空轨胶轮车辆的主动安全接地装置，包括控制模块以及设于空轨胶轮车辆车厢底部的接地模块；
用于空轨胶轮车辆的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：包括控制模块以及设于空轨胶轮车辆车厢底部的接地模块；
所述接地模块包括驱动组件、直线运动组件以及钢轮；所述驱动组件与所述直线运动组件连接；所述钢轮设于所述直线运动组件上；所述控制模块的输出端与所述驱动组件电性连接；
所述控制模块根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度控制所述驱动组件工作，所述驱动组件驱动直线运动组件在其轴向方向上移动，进而使所述钢轮与地面接触/脱离。
本发明根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度，利用电控方式控制驱动组件工作，进而控制钢轮与地面接触或脱离(即不接触)，提高了接地可靠性和稳定性，确保了司乘人员安全。由于本发明采用电控方式实现接地控制，响应速度快，可以在车辆进站需要接地时快速实现安全接地，进一步提高了接地安全性。
进一步地，本发明的所述驱动组件为电磁铁，所述直线运动组件包括弹性部件和安装座；所述电磁铁通过弹性部件与所述安装座的一端连接，所述钢轮设于所述安装座另一端；所述安装座由磁性材料制成；
所述控制模块根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度控制所述电磁铁得电/失电，使得所述安装座朝靠近/远离所述电磁铁的方向移动，进而控制所述钢轮与地面接触/脱离。
本发明中，当电磁铁得电时，电磁铁吸附安装座，安装座带动钢轮回缩(即压缩弹性部件)，使得钢轮与地面脱离，接地模块不影响车辆正常运行；当电磁铁失电时，电磁铁释放安装座，弹性部件处于自然延展状态，钢轮与地面接触，实现车辆安全接地。
本发明中，当电磁铁失电时，所述钢轮与地面抵接。即在电磁铁失电时，弹簧并非处于完全放松的状态，而是有一定的压紧力，以适应站台区域凸凹不平的地面环境，确保电磁铁失电时，钢轮始终能与地面接触。
进一步地，本发明中，所述弹性部件可以采用钢板弹簧或螺旋弹簧。
进一步地，本发明中，所述控制模块包括第一继电器和第二继电器；所述第一继电器的常开触点与所述第二继电器的线圈串联；所述第二继电器的常开触点与所述驱动组件电性连接；所述第一继电器的线圈一端通过二极管、TCMS系统接车辆电源正极，另一端接车辆电源负极。
第一继电器的线圈得电或失电可以由车辆TCMS系统控制，当车辆TCMS系统给出接地指令时，第一继电器的线圈失电，其常开触点断开，第二继电器线圈失电，第二继电器的常开触点断开，接地装置的钢轮与地面接触；反之，当车辆TCMS系统未给出接地指令或给出车辆正常运行指令时，第一继电器的线圈得电，其常开触点闭合，第二继电器的线圈得电，第二继电器的常开触点闭合，接地装置得电，其钢轮与地面脱离。
所述控制模块还包括旁路开关，所述旁路开关与所述第一继电器的常开触点 并联。在车辆控制系统故障状态下，可操作旁路开关，人工旁路实现同等功能，提高了设计冗余性，确保了接地安全和可靠。
所述旁路开关设于司机室的司机台上，便于司机操作。
所述旁路开关为可复位开关。
作为一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种利用上述主动安全接地装置进行主动接地控制的方法，包括以下步骤：
当车辆未处于牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度为零时，钢轮与地面接触；
当车辆处于牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度不为零时，控制模块控制驱动组件通电工作，直线运动组件带动钢轮移动，使钢轮与地面脱离。
作为一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种空轨胶轮车辆，包括多节车；每节车底部两侧均设置有至少一套本发明上述的主动安全接地装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明所提供的空轨胶轮车辆及其主动安全接地装置与方法，可根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度实现钢轮接地的主动控制，确保了车辆安全接地，消除了车辆电势差，确保了行车或检修维护的安全性，大大提高了安全接地控制的可靠性和稳定性。
相对于被动式接地模块，本发明可实现车辆在库内检修、进出站点或线路救援时通过主动控制实现车辆自动、安全接地，从而确保了司乘人员的安全；在TCMS系统故障时，可以通过旁路开关实现钢轮脱离地面控制，提高了设计冗余性，降低了车辆超过线路界限的风险，避免了钢轮影响车辆的正常运行。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一个实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术中空轨胶轮车轮轨关系示意图；其中，A-车体，B-走行轮，C-稳固轮，D-受流装置安装区，E-回流及接地安装区，F-轨道箱梁。
图2是本发明实施例中空轨胶轮车辆的侧视图；
图3是本发明实施例中图2的A-A剖面图；
图4是本发明实施例中接地模块的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例中控制模块原理图；
图6是本发明实施例中主动接地控制方法流程图。
其中，1-接地模块，11-电磁铁，12-弹性部件，13-安装座，14-钢轮。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面以具体的实施例对本申请的技术方案进行详细说明。下面这几个具体的实施例可以相互结合，对于相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例中不再赘述。
实施例1
本发明实施例所提供的一种主动安全接地装置，应用于空轨胶轮车辆，在每节车厢底部的两侧均设有两套所述主动安全接地装置，如图2和3所示。
每套主动安全接地装置均包括控制模块以及设于车厢底部的接地模块1。如图4所示，接地模块1包括电磁铁11、弹性部件12、安装座13以及钢轮14；电磁铁11通过弹性部件12与安装座13连接，钢轮14设于安装座13上；如图5所示，控制模块包括第一继电器和第二继电器；第一继电器的常开触点K12与第二继电器的线圈K21串联；第二继电器的常开触点K22与电磁铁11的电磁线圈电性连接；第一继电器的线圈K11的得失电由车辆的TCMS系统根据车辆运行速度来控制，第二继电器的线圈K21的得失电由第一继电器的常开触点K12的开闭来控制。
本实施例的安装座采用磁性材料制成，例如磁铁。
当车辆运行速度为零时，TCMS系统控制第一继电器的线圈K11失电，第一继电器的常开触点K12保持断开，第二继电器的线圈K21失电，第二继电器的常开触点K22保持断开，电磁铁11不通电，电磁铁11对安装座13不具有吸附作用，弹性部件12处于自然伸展状态，钢轮14与站台地面接触(如图4中的(a)所示状态)，实现车辆接地，确保了车辆接地安全，消除了车辆电势差。
当车辆运行速度不为零时，TCMS系统控制第一继电器的线圈K11得电，第一继电器的常开触点K12闭合，第二继电器的线圈K21得电，第二继电器的 常开触点K22闭合，电磁铁11通电，电磁铁11对安装座13具有吸附作用，压缩弹性部件12，钢轮14与地面脱离(如图4中的(b)所示状态)，接地模块1对车辆正线(即运营线路)运行状态无影响，确保了车辆的安全运行，降低了车辆超过线路限界风险。
如图5所示，第一继电器的线圈K11一端与二极管阴极连接，二极管阳极通过TCMS系统接车辆电源正极，第一继电器的线圈K11另一端接地(负极)。当TCMS系统给出高电平，二极管导通，第一继电器的线圈K11得电；当TCMS系统给出低电平时，二极管截止，第一继电器的线圈K11失电。
本实施例中，当需要接地时，TCMS系统给出低电平，当不需要接地时，TCMS系统给出高电平。
由电磁铁11、弹性部件12、安装座13以及钢轮14构成的接地模块1具有结构简单、质量轻、易于控制、响应速度快以及便于检修维护的优势。
在本发明的一种具体实施方式中，弹性部件12为钢板弹簧或螺旋弹簧。
在本发明的一种具体实施方式中，控制模块还包括旁路开关N1，旁路开关N1设于司机室的司机台；旁路开关N1的一端与电源正极相连，另一端与第二继电器的线圈K21相连，如图5所示。
当钢轮14动作不到位(即与地面无法正常脱离)或TCMS系统故障而无法控制钢轮14与地面正常脱离时，司机通过旁路开关N1控制第二继电器的线圈K21得电，从而控制驱动组件通电工作，进而使钢轮14与地面正常脱离，保证了接地模块1工作的可靠性。
本实施例中，旁路开关N1为可复位开关。本实施例中，旁路开关初始状态为常开状态，只有在司乘人员按下旁路开关后，旁路开关所在支路才接通。
基于同一发明构思，如图6所示，本发明实施例还提供一种利用如上所述主动安全接地装置进行主动接地控制的方法，包括以下步骤：
当车辆运行速度为零时，控制模块控制电磁铁11不通电，电磁铁11对安装座13无吸附作用，弹性部件12不被压缩而处于自然伸展状态，钢轮14与站台地面接触，确保了在站台时车辆的主动安全接地；当车辆运行速度不为零时，控制模块控制电磁铁11通电，电磁铁11产生电磁力且对安装座13具有吸附作用，弹性部件12被压缩而处于压缩状态，钢轮14与地面脱离(不接触)，确保了车 辆处于正线状态时接地模块1对车辆运行无影响。
实施例2
本发明实施例所提供的一种主动安全接地装置，应用于空轨胶轮车辆，在每节车厢底部的两侧均设有两套所述主动安全接地装置，如图2和3所示。
每套主动安全接地装置均包括控制模块以及设于车厢底部的接地模块1。接地模块1结构与实施例1相同，此处不再赘述。
当车辆未处于牵引状态时，TCMS系统控制第一继电器的线圈K11失电，第一继电器的常开触点K12保持断开，第二继电器的线圈K21失电，第二继电器的常开触点K22保持断开，电磁铁不通电，安装座不移动，此时钢轮14与站台地面接触，实现车辆接地，确保了车辆接地安全，消除了车辆电势差；当车辆处于牵引状态时，TCMS系统控制第一继电器的线圈K11得电，第一继电器的常开触点K12闭合，第二继电器的线圈K21得电，第二继电器的常开触点K22闭合，电磁铁通电工作，钢轮14与地面脱离，接地模块1对车辆正线运行状态无影响，确保了车辆的安全运行。
基于同一发明构思，如图6所示，本发明实施例还提供一种利用如上所述主动安全接地装置进行主动接地控制的方法，包括以下步骤：
当车辆未处于牵引状态时，电磁铁未通电，不工作，安装座不做直线运动，此时钢轮14与站台地面接触，确保了在站台时车辆的主动安全接地；当车辆处于牵引状态时，电磁铁的电磁线圈通电，安装座做直线运动，从而控制钢轮14移动，使钢轮14与地面脱离，确保了车辆处于正线状态时接地模块1对车辆运行无影响。
实施例3
本发明实施例所提供的一种主动安全接地装置，应用于空轨胶轮车辆，在每节车厢底部的两侧均设有两套所述主动安全接地装置，如图2和3所示。
每套主动安全接地装置均包括控制模块以及设于车厢底部的接地模块1。接地模块1的结构与实施例1相同。
当车辆未处于牵引状态且运行速度为零时，TCMS系统控制第一继电器的线圈K11失电，第一继电器的常开触点K12保持断开，第二继电器的线圈K21失电，第二继电器的常开触点K22保持断开，电磁铁不通电，安装座不移动，此 时钢轮14与站台地面接触，实现车辆接地，确保了车辆接地安全，消除了车辆电势差；当车辆处于牵引状态且运行速度不为零时，TCMS系统控制第一继电器的线圈K11得电，第一继电器的常开触点K12闭合，第二继电器的线圈K21得电，第二继电器的常开触点K22闭合，电磁铁通电工作，对安装座产生吸附作用，从而控制钢轮14直线移动，使钢轮14与地面脱离，接地模块1对车辆正线运行状态无影响，避免了车辆超出线路限界的风险，确保了车辆的安全运行。
基于同一发明构思，如图6所示，本发明实施例还提供一种利用如上所述主动安全接地装置进行主动接地控制的方法，包括以下步骤：
当车辆未处于牵引状态且运行速度为零时，钢轮14与站台地面接触，确保了在站台时车辆的主动安全接地；当车辆处于牵引状态且运动速度不为零时，控制模块控制电磁铁的电磁线圈通电工作，安装座带动钢轮14移动，使钢轮14与地面脱离，确保了车辆处于正线状态时接地模块1对车辆运行无影响。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种空轨胶轮车辆，包括多节车；每节车底部两侧均至少设置有一套上述实施例1/实施例2/实施例3的主动安全接地装置。
本实施例中，在每节车车厢底部的两侧各设置两套主动安全接地装置，以提高设计的冗余性，确保接地安全、可靠。
使用时，接地模块1的电磁铁、安装座均设置在金属外壳内(电磁铁的电磁线圈两端伸出金属外壳，便于接线)，安装座包括竖直段和水平段，水平段一端与竖直段固定连接，水平段另外一端横截面为U形，钢轮通过安装轴安装于U形端，安装轴与安装座的竖直段平行；安装座的竖直段一端或者两端与金属外壳内壁接触，安装座水平段一端自金属外壳侧面伸出，便于钢轮与地面接触。金属外壳与车厢底部接触。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或变型，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于空轨胶轮车辆的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：包括控制模块以及设于空轨胶轮车辆车厢底部的接地模块；
    所述接地模块包括驱动组件、直线运动组件以及钢轮；所述驱动组件与所述直线运动组件连接；所述钢轮设于所述直线运动组件上；所述控制模块的输出端与所述驱动组件电性连接；
    所述控制模块根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度控制所述驱动组件工作，所述驱动组件驱动直线运动组件在其轴向方向上移动，进而使所述钢轮与地面接触/脱离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：所述驱动组件为电磁铁，所述直线运动组件包括弹性部件和安装座；所述电磁铁通过弹性部件与所述安装座的一端连接，所述钢轮设于所述安装座另一端；所述安装座由磁性材料制成；
    所述控制模块根据车辆牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度控制所述电磁铁得电/失电，使得所述安装座朝靠近/远离所述电磁铁的方向移动，进而控制所述钢轮与地面接触/脱离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：所述弹性部件为钢板弹簧或螺旋弹簧。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：当所述电磁铁失电时，所述钢轮与地面抵接。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：所述控制模块包括第一继电器和第二继电器；所述第一继电器的常开触点与所述第二继电器的线圈串联；所述第二继电器的常开触点与所述驱动组件电性连接；所述第一继电器的线圈一端通过二极管、TCMS系统接车辆电源正极，另一端接车辆电源负极。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：所述控制模块还包括旁路开关，所述旁路开关与所述第一继电器的常开触点并联。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：所述旁路开关设于司机室的司机台上。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的主动安全接地装置，其特征在于：所述旁路开关为可复位开关。
  9. 一种利用权利要求1～8中任一项所述主动安全接地装置进行主动接地控制的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    当车辆未处于牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度为零时，钢轮与地面接触；
    当车辆处于牵引状态和/或车辆运行速度不为零时，控制模块控制驱动组件通电工作，直线运动组件带动钢轮移动，使钢轮与地面脱离。
  10. 一种空轨胶轮车辆，包括多节车；其特征在于：每节车底部两侧均设置有至少一套权利要求1～8任一项所述的主动安全接地装置。
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