WO2024008838A1 - Élément d'assemblage en acier à mémoire de forme et procédé de production d'un raccord d'assemblage libérable - Google Patents

Élément d'assemblage en acier à mémoire de forme et procédé de production d'un raccord d'assemblage libérable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024008838A1
WO2024008838A1 PCT/EP2023/068646 EP2023068646W WO2024008838A1 WO 2024008838 A1 WO2024008838 A1 WO 2024008838A1 EP 2023068646 W EP2023068646 W EP 2023068646W WO 2024008838 A1 WO2024008838 A1 WO 2024008838A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joining
state
joining element
shape memory
connection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/068646
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kai Thüsing
Thomas Kropp
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2024008838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008838A1/fr

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/08Quickly-detachable or mountable nuts, e.g. consisting of two or more parts; Nuts movable along the bolt after tilting the nut
    • F16B37/0807Nuts engaged from the end of the bolt, e.g. axially slidable nuts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/02Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
    • F16B2/06Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening external, i.e. with contracting action
    • F16B2/10Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening external, i.e. with contracting action using pivoting jaws
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/77Use of a shape-memory material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a joining element made of shape memory steel for producing a releasable joining connection and a method for producing and releasing a joining connection using such a joining element.
  • Patent document DE 101 09222 shows a joining element for connecting two objects, the joining element partly consisting of a shape memory alloy and having a first shape in the initial state and a second shape that mechanically connects the objects in the final assembly position.
  • the classic shape memory alloys are thermoelastic. Thermoelasticity describes the property of a material to be reversible between two solid phases and to be able to change the solid phase only by changing the temperature.
  • the phase that is present in the cold state is called martensite and the warm phase is called austenite.
  • the shape memory alloy in martensite has a twin structure (imaginable in two dimensions like a fan). If the shape memory alloy is deformed, this twin structure is detwinned (smoothed out). Heating converts the shape memory alloy into austenite and reverses the stretching and macroscopic deformation. If the alloy is then cooled, twinned martensite forms again and the cycle closes.
  • Classic shape memory alloys have some disadvantages when used in joints.
  • the biggest disadvantage is the very high costs resulting from the high material costs and the high production costs due to the complex and time-consuming processing. These costs alone make the use of large quantities of shape memory alloys uneconomical.
  • the conversion temperatures are in ranges that are unsuitable for most joining elements. Adjusting these temperatures to suitable ranges is sometimes possible, but involves larger material and/or process costs.
  • Another disadvantage for a joining element is that the mechanical properties such as strength and modulus of elasticity in martensite have significantly lower values than in austenite. Since the shape recovery occurs in the transition from detwinned martensite to austenite, the shape memory alloy must be present in the martensite in the joined state. As a result, the material can only develop a fraction of its potential.
  • the present invention is based on the object of solving the problems known from the prior art and of providing a joining element that is economical to manufacture and use and can withstand mechanical loads, which is stable in the technically relevant temperature range and enables very easy disassembly.
  • the joining element according to the invention is used to produce a releasable joining connection and consists at least partially of a Shape memory steel and can be deformed into a joining state by deformation to produce a joining connection with a joining partner, starting from a basic state, and can be at least partially deformed back from the joining state into a disassembly state to remove the joining connection by applying heat.
  • Shape memory alloys based on iron are referred to as shape memory steels.
  • Two base alloy systems are currently known: Fe-Mn-Si and Fe-Ni-C.
  • the solution according to the invention uses the very special properties of shape memory steel to create inexpensive, stable connections that can be easily detached after use.
  • the advantages of this alloy for connecting elements, in particular for mechanically connecting components lie in the mechanically induced martensite formation and the wide temperature range of most applications in which the connecting elements according to the invention are stable, since reconversion only begins at approx. 50 - 80 ° C 200 - 300 °C is completed. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are phase-independent.
  • shape memory steels have significantly lower material costs and process costs, since processes for the conventional production of high-alloy stainless steels can be used and the shape memory steels have good processability, similar to other high-alloy steels. Good mechanical properties such as high modulus of elasticity, high strength and very high elongation at break are further advantages of joining elements made of shape memory steel.
  • shape memory steels can be attributed to a deformation-induced one-way effect.
  • the one-way effect of shape memory steels is based on a deformation induced by mechanical stress, during which Shockley partial dislocations are formed. These lattice defects are split dislocations that do not move atomic layers a full atomic distance, allowing the formation of reversible e-martensite. These dislocations can be reversed by applying heat (approx. 50 - 300 °C), which results in macroscopic shape recovery. In contrast to the classic shape memory alloys, the recovery is not 100% (80% or less depending on the forming). Thermal martensite only forms at very cold temperatures (below -20 °C) and is not relevant for most applications. The hysteresis is very large at over 150 K. Another important property for fasteners is that shape memory steels, in contrast to thermoelastic shape memory alloys, are not subject to any change in mechanical properties due to phase changes.
  • the shape memory steel is an iron-based shape memory alloy, preferably an Fe-Mn-Si alloy or an Fe-Ni-C alloy.
  • Iron-based shape memory alloys demonstrate a good non-thermoelastic shape memory effect in combination with good machinability, corrosion resistance and low material and production costs.
  • Fe-Mn-Si alloys are cost-effective and have good machinability and good weldability.
  • the joining element has at least one joining section, which preferably consists entirely of shape memory steel.
  • the joining connection can therefore be designed according to the joining partners.
  • a targeted change in shape of the joining element can be made possible when heated.
  • the joining element is designed as a female joining element and has a receptacle in which a male joining partner can be inserted in the basic state and is non-positively and/or positively fixed in the joined state, in particular by reducing or tapering the receptacle, the receptacle being in the dismantling state is expanded relative to the joining state in order to release the joining partner arranged therein.
  • a firm connection between the female joining element and the male joining partner can be guaranteed.
  • the releasability of the joining element is improved, since only heating needs to take place and accessibility for mechanical release with high forces does not have to be guaranteed.
  • the joining element is designed in a ring shape and has an opening as a receptacle into which a male joining partner can be inserted in the basic state and is fixed in the joining state and can be pulled out in the dismantling state. This makes it easier to assemble the joining partner into the joining element. Additional joining components can be easily added using a through hole and plugged onto one of the male joining partners.
  • the joining element is designed as a male joining element, preferably as a cylindrical or cuboid-shaped cross-section and can be inserted into a female joining partner that has a receptacle in the basic state and is fixed in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner in the joining state, in particular by widening the cross section, the cross section being reduced in the dismantling state compared to the joining state in order to release the joining partner arranged therein.
  • the female joining partner by the male joining element, a firm connection can be created between the male joining element and the female joining partner be guaranteed.
  • the releasability of the joining element is improved, since only heating needs to take place and accessibility for mechanical release with high forces does not have to be guaranteed.
  • the joining element is designed as a locking ring, hollow rivet or crimp shoe. Accordingly, the joining element is versatile and can be applied to a variety of conventional connection methods.
  • the shape memory steel is in the ground state as austenite and in the joined state as martensite.
  • the martensite of the shape memory steel of the joining element can be returned to the dismantling state by heating.
  • the joining element can be converted from the basic state into the joining state by narrowing, widening, lengthening, upsetting, squeezing, flanging, crimping, spreading, and pressing. Accordingly, the joining method for transferring the joining element into the joining state can be selected in a variety of ways and the joining element can be used in a variety of conventional joining methods.
  • the joining element changes from the joining state to the dismantling state at a temperature in the range of 50 ° C - 300 ° C, preferably in the range above 100 ° C.
  • the joining element therefore continues to have high stability and strength even at high temperatures.
  • the joining element according to the invention therefore enables a reliable connection in a wide range of temperature applications.
  • the joining element exerts bending and/or shearing forces on a joining partner in the joined state. This causes a further stiffening of the adhesion between the joining partner and the joining element. A reliable connection between the joining partner and the joining element can thus be guaranteed.
  • the present invention discloses a system for producing a releasable joining connection, comprising a joining element, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, and a joining partner, wherein the joining element consists at least partially of a shape memory steel and for producing a joining connection with the joining partner
  • the joining element consists at least partially of a shape memory steel and for producing a joining connection with the joining partner
  • the present invention discloses a method for producing and releasing a joining connection, comprising the steps: Step A: Providing a joining element which consists at least partially of a shape memory steel, in particular a joining element mentioned above. Step B: Establishing a joining connection of the joining element with a joining partner starting from a basic state of the joining element by applying force and deforming the joining element into a joining state. Step C: Elimination of the joining connection by at least partially deforming the joining element from the joining state into a dismantling state by applying heat.
  • the joining connection can be used between steps B and C. This can be chosen for any length of time. There can be any length of time between the individual steps.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to carry out a joining process holistically from its assembly to its disassembly. Such a method achieves the firm connection of components during the joining state and enables the resources to be reused after use.
  • the disassembly state allows disassembly without additional tools or instructions. Economical dismantling is also possible without knowing or having to identify the structure of the components or the joining element (dismantling with an undetermined effective point possible).
  • step A it can be practical if, in step A, a large number of individual joining connections are made individually with a large number of joining elements. The process can therefore be parallelized and therefore carried out efficiently.
  • step C It can prove to be advantageous that a large number of joining connections are canceled together in step C.
  • a heat input can be applied to the large number of joining elements without the point at which the connection will be released being known.
  • Such a method can save individual disassembly steps and therefore be highly cost-effective.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a first embodiment of a joining element.
  • Fig. 2A is a sectional view in the direction of section AA from Fig. 1 of the first
  • Embodiment of a joining element in a basic state Embodiment of a joining element in a basic state.
  • Fig. 2B is a sectional view in the direction of section AA from Fig. 1 of the first
  • Embodiment of the joining element in a joining state Embodiment of the joining element in a joining state.
  • Fig. 2C is a sectional view in the direction of section AA from Fig. 1 of the first
  • Embodiment of the joining element in a dismantling state returned by heat input Embodiment of the joining element in a dismantling state returned by heat input.
  • 3A shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a joining element in a basic state.
  • 3B shows a sectional view of the second embodiment of the joining element in a joining state.
  • 3C shows a sectional view of the second embodiment of the joining element in a disassembly state that has been returned by heat input.
  • Fig. 4A is a top view of a variety of systems in the disassembly process.
  • Fig. 4B is a side view of a variety of systems in the dismantling process in a dismantling basin.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a joining element 1.
  • the joining element 1 has a flat base plate 1A.
  • Two joining sections 1B extend vertically upwards from the base plate 1A. There is a gap between the joining sections 1B.
  • the joining sections 1B can therefore be formed independently of one another.
  • Fig. 1 shows two joining partners 2A, in the form of round wires 2A, which are arranged on the base plate 1A of the joining element 1 with their faces inclined towards one another.
  • the round wires 2A, 2B extend along the base plate 1A and lie in the longitudinal direction of the base plate 1A in the area of the two joining sections 1B, so that the end faces of the round wires 2A, 2B meet in the area of the gap of the joining sections 1B.
  • the round wires 2A, 2B are shown shortened in the longitudinal direction.
  • the joining element 1 is in the basic state, i.e. the joining element 1 is not mechanically connected to the round wires 2A, 2B.
  • the joining sections 1B preferably consist entirely of shape memory steel.
  • Shape memory steel is an iron-based shape memory alloy, preferably an Fe-Mn-Si alloy or an Fe-Ni-C alloy. In contrast to the classic ones Shape memory alloys have no thermoelasticity (under normal conditions) and have a very large hysteresis. With shape memory steels, due to the lack of thermoelasticity, the mechanical properties of both austenite and martensite are the same.
  • Fig. 2A shows a sectional view in the direction of section AA from Fig. 1 of the first embodiment of the joining element 1 in a basic state.
  • Fig. 2A shows that the joining element 1 has a U-shaped cross section and the U-shaped cross section forms two joining sections 1B.
  • the U-shaped cross section includes a receptacle for the round wire 2B and forms a female joining element 1, while the round wire 2B represents a male joining partner 2B.
  • FIG. 2B shows a sectional view in the direction of section AA from FIG. 1 of the first embodiment of the joining element 1 in a joining state.
  • the joining element 1 is transformed into a joining state.
  • the austenite of the shape memory steel changes into reversible martensite.
  • the joining sections 1B enclose the round wire 2B in order to clamp the round wire 2B in a force-fitting manner and, if necessary, to lock it in a form-fitting manner in the receptacle.
  • the joining element 1 exerts bending and/or shearing forces on the joining partner 2, 2A, 2B, here the round wire 2B.
  • the round wire 2B is fixed in the joining element 1.
  • the round wire 2A is fixed to the base plate 1A of the joining element 1 by the further joining sections 1B (not shown).
  • the connection process shown in Fig. 2B is called crimping.
  • the joining element can alternatively be transferred from the basic state to the joining state by tapering, squeezing, flanging, crimping or folding.
  • Fig. 2C shows a sectional view in the direction of section AA from Fig. 1 of the first embodiment of the joining element 1 in a dismantling state returned by heat input.
  • the heat input 7 into the joining sections 1B causes the martensite to reshape into the austenite due to the shape memory effect.
  • the joining sections 1B reform at least partially (the deformation compared to the basic state is at best between 2 and 8%).
  • the receptacle of the joining element 1 in the dismantling state is thus expanded compared to the joining state and the round wire 2B arranged therein is released.
  • the joining connection is canceled.
  • the round wire 2A is released by the further joining sections 1B of the joining element 1, which are subjected to the heat input 7 (not shown).
  • the joining element 1 changes from the joining state (martensite) to the dismantling state (austenite) at a temperature in the range of 50 ° C - 300 ° C.
  • FIG. 3A shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a joining element in a basic state.
  • Fig. 3A shows a joining partner 2 in the form of a locking ring bolt 2, which is guided through a bore of two components 3, 4 to be joined (here sheets 3, 4).
  • the joining element 1 in the form of a locking ring 1 made of shape memory steel is placed on the locking ring bolt 2.
  • the joining element 1 is therefore ring-shaped and designed as a receptacle with an internal opening 1C.
  • the inner diameter of the opening 1C of the locking ring 1 is larger than an outer diameter of the locking ring bolt 2.
  • the locking ring 1 can therefore easily be placed on the locking ring bolt 2, or the male joining partner 2 in the form of the locking ring bolt 2 can be inserted into the female joining element 1.
  • the two sheets 3, 4 to be joined are arranged between a head of the locking ring bolt 2 and the locking ring 1.
  • FIG. 3B shows a sectional view of the second embodiment of the joining element 1 in a joining state.
  • the joining process is similar to that of a conventional locking ring bolt.
  • the element to be deformed here the locking ring 1 made of shape memory steel, is pushed onto the locking ring bolt 2.
  • the composite is then axially prestressed using a setting tool. This grips the locking ring bolt 2 in order to fix it, and then forms the locking ring 1 onto the locking ring bolt 2 by applying a force with a force F.
  • the deformation that occurs leads to the formation of reversible martensite in the locking ring 1.
  • the locking ring bolt 2 can have a tensile part with a predetermined breaking point, which breaks in a defined manner when the maximum forming force is reached and the connection is set.
  • 3C shows a sectional view of the second embodiment of the joining element 1 in a dismantling state returned by heat input 7.
  • the joining element 1 and the associated joining partner 2, 2A, 2B each form a system 5 for producing a detachable joining connection.
  • a joining element 1 can also form a releasable joining connection with different joining partners, such as the joining element 1 according to the first exemplary embodiment, which can clamp joining partners with different cross-sectional shapes and dimensions between the joining sections.
  • a releasable joining connection can be formed with different joining partners, as long as the joining partners can be fixed in the joining state and released again in the dismantling state.
  • the joining partner preferably consists of a harder material than the joining element, so that the joining connection can be easily released when the joining element is dismantled.
  • Step A Providing a joining element 1, which consists at least partially of a shape memory steel.
  • Step B Establishing a joining connection of the joining element 1 with a joining partner 2, 2A, 2B starting from a basic state of the joining element 1 by applying force and deforming the joining element 1 into the joining state.
  • Step C Elimination of the joining connection by at least partially deforming the joining element 1 from the joining state into a dismantling state by applying heat.
  • FIG. 4A shows a top view of a large number of systems 5 in the dismantling step.
  • the multitude of systems 5 used in the joining state are collectively exposed to a heat input 7 from a heat source 6 in order to reform the joining elements 1 of the systems 5 and to transfer the joining elements 1 from a joining state to a dismantling state.
  • Fig. 4B shows a side view of a variety of systems 5 in the dismantling process in a dismantling container 8 or in a dismantling basin 8.
  • the dismantling container 8 or the dismantling basin 8 are filled with a warm fluid and thus all joining elements 1 are reached by the fluid and transferred to the dismantling state.
  • a disassembly method as shown by way of example in FIGS. 4A and 4B, can thus parallelize the disassembly and therefore make it more economical.
  • Step C can therefore be carried out specifically by heating an individual joining element 1 or globally by heating an entire system 5 made up of joining element 1 and joining partner 2 or an entire collecting container of systems 5. Dismantling is therefore possible without knowing or having to identify the structure of the system 5 (dismantling with an undetermined effective point).
  • the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described. Further modifications and variations of the exemplary embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the claims. Analogous to the first or second embodiment, the idea according to the invention applies to all mechanical joining processes in which at least part of the joining element 1 consists of a shape memory steel, transferable. These are in particular rivet connections such as hollow rivets etc. and other crimp connections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément d'assemblage (1) pour produire un raccord d'assemblage libérable, l'élément d'assemblage (1) étant constitué au moins partiellement d'un acier à mémoire de forme et, afin de produire un raccord d'assemblage avec un partenaire d'assemblage (2, 2A, 2B), pouvant être déformé, à partir d'un état de base, en un état d'assemblage par l'application d'une force, et, afin de défaire le raccord d'assemblage, pouvant être déformé au moins partiellement à partir de l'état d'assemblage en un état de désassemblage par l'application de chaleur. En outre, la présente invention concerne un système (5) de production d'un raccord d'assemblage libérable et un procédé de production et de libération d'un raccord d'assemblage.
PCT/EP2023/068646 2022-07-08 2023-07-06 Élément d'assemblage en acier à mémoire de forme et procédé de production d'un raccord d'assemblage libérable WO2024008838A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022117133.7A DE102022117133A1 (de) 2022-07-08 2022-07-08 Fügeelement aus Formgedächtnisstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lösbaren Fügeverbindung
DE102022117133.7 2022-07-08

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WO2024008838A1 true WO2024008838A1 (fr) 2024-01-11

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1569915A (en) * 1978-04-19 1980-06-25 Delta Materials Research Ltd Fastening devices
US4880343A (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-11-14 Matsumoto Kokan Co., Ltd. Lock nut having lock member of shape memory recovery alloy
DE10109222A1 (de) 2001-02-26 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Montageelement zum Verbinden zweier Gegenstände
US20060002783A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2006-01-05 Dickory Rudduck Bolt assembly, method and device for release, and computer system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003285862A (ja) 2002-03-28 2003-10-07 Nec Tokin Corp 結束バンド
DE102016219090A1 (de) 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Thyssenkrupp Ag Formgedächtnislegierungen aus einem Eisen-Cobalt-Aluminium System
DE102021100295A1 (de) 2021-01-11 2022-07-14 Vega Grieshaber Kg Sicherung für eine Schraubverbindung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1569915A (en) * 1978-04-19 1980-06-25 Delta Materials Research Ltd Fastening devices
US4880343A (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-11-14 Matsumoto Kokan Co., Ltd. Lock nut having lock member of shape memory recovery alloy
DE10109222A1 (de) 2001-02-26 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Montageelement zum Verbinden zweier Gegenstände
US20060002783A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2006-01-05 Dickory Rudduck Bolt assembly, method and device for release, and computer system

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