WO2024000355A1 - 显示面板与显示装置 - Google Patents

显示面板与显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024000355A1
WO2024000355A1 PCT/CN2022/102674 CN2022102674W WO2024000355A1 WO 2024000355 A1 WO2024000355 A1 WO 2024000355A1 CN 2022102674 W CN2022102674 W CN 2022102674W WO 2024000355 A1 WO2024000355 A1 WO 2024000355A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
light
lens
display panel
lens element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/102674
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡明
石博
陈渡
谢涛峰
吴启晓
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
成都京东方光电科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 成都京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/102674 priority Critical patent/WO2024000355A1/zh
Priority to CN202280002063.3A priority patent/CN117643195A/zh
Publication of WO2024000355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024000355A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/805—Electrodes
    • H10K50/81—Anodes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electronic display technology, and in particular to a display panel and a display device.
  • OLED display devices have many advantages such as self-illumination, low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, short response time, high clarity and contrast, nearly 180° viewing angle, wide operating temperature range, flexible display, and large-area full-color display. It is widely used in the fields of display, lighting and smart wear.
  • the light must eventually be emitted from the high-refractive-index cover plate (CG) into the low-refractive-index air.
  • CG high-refractive-index cover plate
  • a display panel including:
  • a light-emitting layer arranged on one side of the substrate, including a plurality of light-emitting units arranged at intervals, and a pixel defining layer is provided between adjacent light-emitting units;
  • An encapsulation layer disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate;
  • a plurality of lens elements are disposed on a side of the encapsulation layer away from the light-emitting layer, and the projection of the lens elements on the substrate at least partially overlaps with the projection of the pixel defining layer on the substrate.
  • the lens element includes a stacked first lens and a second lens, the first lens is disposed adjacent to the encapsulation layer, and the second lens is located on a side of the first lens away from the encapsulation layer;
  • a light-transmitting layer is provided on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the light-emitting layer. At least part of the light-transmitting layer is located between adjacent lens elements.
  • the projection of the light-transmitting layer on the substrate is consistent with the projection of the light-transmitting layer on the substrate. Projections of the light-emitting units on the substrate at least partially overlap;
  • the lens element has a side surface in contact with the light-transmitting layer, and the refractive index of the lens element at the side surface is smaller than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer.
  • a first reflective layer is provided on a surface of the lens element adjacent to the encapsulation layer, and a second reflective layer is provided on a surface of the lens element away from the encapsulation layer.
  • the first reflective layer It is arranged face to face with the second reflective layer.
  • a protrusion is provided between the lens element and the encapsulation layer, the protrusion having a bottom surface adjacent the encapsulation layer and a top surface adjacent the lens element, A top surface is convex toward the lens element, and the first reflective layer is disposed on the top surface.
  • the material of the protrusions includes a photosensitive material.
  • the first reflective layer is in the shape of a folded line or an arc, and the distance between the first reflective layer and the encapsulation layer gradually decreases along the direction from the center to the edge.
  • the material of the first reflective layer and/or the second reflective layer includes silver.
  • the display panel further includes a black matrix block, the black matrix block is located on a side of the lens element away from the encapsulation layer, and the projection of the black matrix block on the substrate is consistent with the Projections of the lens elements on the substrate at least partially overlap;
  • the black matrix block has a lower surface adjacent to the lens element and an upper surface away from the lens element, and the second reflective layer is in contact with the lower surface.
  • the second reflective layer is in the shape of a folded line or an arc, and the distance between the second reflective layer and the encapsulation layer gradually increases along the direction from the center to the edge.
  • the slope angle formed by the side surface and the encapsulation layer is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
  • the light-transmitting layer has a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.7
  • the lens element has a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.5.
  • the light-transmitting layer is a planarization layer filled between adjacent lens elements
  • the display panel further includes a filter layer formed on a side of the light-transmitting layer and the lens element away from the encapsulation layer.
  • the light-transmitting layer is a part of the filter layer, and a part of the filter layer is filled between adjacent lens elements as the light-transmitting layer. Another part is formed on the side of the light-transmitting layer and the lens element away from the encapsulation layer.
  • the filter layer includes a red filter layer, a green filter layer and a blue filter layer;
  • the side surface of the lens element is in contact with the filter layer as the light-transmitting layer, and the slope angle formed by the side surface and the encapsulation layer is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees;
  • the slope angles formed by different side surfaces in contact with different color filter layers are not equal.
  • the slope angle formed by the side surface in contact with the red filter layer is greater than or equal to 65 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees;
  • the slope angle formed by the side surface in contact with the green filter layer is greater than or equal to 55 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees;
  • the slope angle formed by the side surface in contact with the blue filter layer is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 50 degrees.
  • the surface of the second lens away from the first lens is a light exit surface that allows light to pass through.
  • the light-emitting surface of the second lens is in the shape of a folded line or an arc; and in a direction from the center of the light-emitting surface to the edge of the light-emitting surface, the light-emitting surface is in contact with the encapsulation layer. The distance between them gradually increases or decreases.
  • the first lens and the second lens are made of the same material, and the contact surface of the first lens and the second lens is flat.
  • the width of the lens element gradually decreases in a direction away from the encapsulation layer.
  • the lens element further includes the third lens, which is disposed on a side of the second lens or the first lens away from the encapsulation layer.
  • the refractive index is greater than the refractive index of the first lens and/or the second lens.
  • a display device is provided, and the display device includes the display panel as described above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 2(a) to 2(g) are schematic diagrams of the manufacturing process of the display panel shown in Figure 1;
  • FIGS 3 to 5 are schematic cross-sectional structural diagrams of several modifications of the display panel of the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 to 11 are schematic cross-sectional structural diagrams of several modified examples of the display panel of the embodiment of FIG. 6 .
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a display panel 100, please refer to Figure 1, including:
  • the light-emitting layer 20 is provided on one side of the substrate 10 and includes a plurality of light-emitting units 22 arranged at intervals (only one light-emitting unit 22 is shown in the figure), and a pixel defining layer is provided between adjacent light-emitting units 22 28;
  • the encapsulation layer 30 is provided on the side of the light-emitting layer 20 away from the substrate 10;
  • a plurality of lens elements 40 are disposed on a side of the encapsulation layer 30 away from the light-emitting layer 20 .
  • the projection of the lens elements 40 on the substrate 10 is consistent with the projection of the pixel defining layer 28 on the substrate 10
  • the projections on are at least partially overlapping (i.e., lens element 40 is located above pixel defining layer 28);
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 is disposed on the side of the encapsulation layer 30 away from the light-emitting layer 20 . At least part of the light-transmitting layer 60 is located between adjacent lens elements 40 . The light-transmitting layer 60 is located between the adjacent lens elements 40 .
  • the projection on the substrate 10 and the projection of the light-emitting unit 22 on the substrate 10 at least partially overlap (that is, the light-transmitting layer 60 is located above the light-emitting unit 22), so that the light emitted by the light-emitting unit 22 can pass through. into the user’s eyes;
  • the lens element 40 has a side surface 41 in contact with the light-transmitting layer 60 , and the refractive index of the lens element 40 at the side surface 41 is smaller than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 .
  • the lens element 40 by providing the lens element 40, the light extraction effect of the display panel is effectively improved. Specifically, part of the light emitted by the light-emitting unit 22 will directly enter the user's eyes through the light-transmitting layer 60, and the other part will illuminate the side surface 41 of the lens element 40.
  • the incident angle of light for example, light L1
  • the critical angle of total reflection total reflection will occur, and the light L2 formed by reflection directly enters the user's eyes through the light-transmitting layer 60;
  • the light for example, when the incident angle of the light ray L3 is less than the critical angle of total reflection, refraction will occur, and the refracted light rays L4, L5, L6, and L7 will also enter the user's eyes through the lens element 40.
  • the light extraction efficiency of the display panel is significantly improved.
  • a first reflective layer 42 is provided on the surface of the lens element 40 adjacent to the encapsulation layer 30
  • a second reflective layer 42 is provided on the surface of the lens element 40 away from the encapsulation layer 30 .
  • Reflective layer 44, the first reflective layer 42 and the second reflective layer 44 are arranged face to face.
  • the first reflective layer 42 and the second reflective layer 44 can reflect the light refracted from the side surface 41 into the lens element 40 once or multiple times and then emit it to the user's eyes.
  • the light L3 in FIG. 1 is first refracted into the lens element 40 to form the light L4, is reflected by the second reflective layer 44 to form the light L5, and then is reflected by the first reflective layer 42 to form the light L6; the light L6 is reflected on the side surface 41 It is refracted at 10°, forming light L7 and emitted upward to enter the user's eyes.
  • a protrusion 50 is provided between the lens element 40 and the encapsulation layer 30 , the protrusion 50 having a bottom surface adjacent to the encapsulation layer 30 and an adjacent
  • the top surface of the lens element 40 is convex toward the lens element 40
  • the first reflective layer 42 is disposed on the top surface.
  • the material of the protrusions 50 includes/is a photosensitive material.
  • the photosensitive material may be a positive acrylic material.
  • Acrylic is also called PMMA or organic glass, and its chemical name is polymethylmethacrylate.
  • the first reflective layer 42 is in the shape of a folded line, which is formed by connecting two or more straight sections, as shown in Figures 1 and 3 .
  • the first reflective layer 42 is in an arc shape, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 .
  • the arc can be a standard arc or an irregular curve. Regardless of whether it is in the shape of a folded line or an arc, the first reflective layer 42 is preferably in a convex shape. That is, the distance between the first reflective layer 42 and the encapsulation layer 30 gradually decreases along the direction from the center of the first reflective layer 42 to the edge of the first reflective layer 42 .
  • the material of the first reflective layer 42 and/or the second reflective layer 44 includes/is silver (Ag).
  • the light-emitting unit 22 is divided into a red light-emitting unit for emitting red light, a green light-emitting unit for emitting green light, and a blue light-emitting unit for emitting blue light.
  • Each light-emitting unit 22 includes a light-emitting material layer 23 and two electrodes located on both sides of the light-emitting material layer 23 . Only the anode 25 below the layer of luminescent material 23 is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the display panel 100 further includes a plurality of spaced black matrix blocks 70 , and the plurality of black matrix blocks 70 constitute a black matrix (BM).
  • the black matrix block 70 is located on the side of the lens element 40 away from the encapsulation layer 30 , and the projection of the black matrix block 70 on the substrate 10 is the same as the projection of the lens element 40 on the substrate 10 The projections at least partially overlap, that is, the black matrix block 70 is located above the lens element 40 .
  • the black matrix block 70 has a lower surface adjacent to the lens element 40 and an upper surface away from the lens element 40 , and the second reflective layer 44 is in contact with the lower surface of the black matrix block 70 (or in other words, the second reflective layer 44 is in contact with the lower surface of the black matrix block 70 ).
  • the two reflective layers 44 are attached to the lower surface of the black matrix block 70).
  • the second reflective layer 44 is in the shape of a folded line, which is formed by connecting two or more straight sections, as shown in Figures 1 and 3 .
  • the second reflective layer 44 is in an arc shape, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 .
  • the arc can be a standard arc or an irregular curve. Regardless of whether it is in the shape of a folded line or an arc, the second reflective layer 44 is preferably in a convex shape. That is, the distance between the second reflective layer 44 and the encapsulation layer 30 gradually increases along the direction from the center of the second reflective layer 44 to the edge of the second reflective layer 44 .
  • the width of the lens element 40 gradually decreases in a direction away from the encapsulation layer 30 . That is, the lens element 40 has a shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
  • the slope angle formed by the side surface 41 and the encapsulation layer 30 is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees. Preferably, the slope angle is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees. More preferably, the slope angle is about 55 degrees. It has been verified through many experiments that the shape of the lens element 40 that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and the setting of the above-mentioned slope angle are conducive to further improving the light extraction efficiency of the display panel.
  • the lens element 40 includes a stacked first lens 45 and a second lens 47 , the first lens 45 is disposed adjacent to the encapsulation layer 30 , and the second lens 47 is located on the first The lens 45 is on the side away from the encapsulation layer 30 .
  • the lens element 40 is divided into two parts: a first lens 45 and a second lens 47, which can facilitate the arrangement of the first reflective layer 42 and the second reflective layer 44.
  • the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 are made of the same material, and the contact surface of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 is flat.
  • the lens element 40 may include only one lens, and the shape of this lens is the same as the overall shape of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 .
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 and the lens element 40 are made of optical glues of different materials.
  • the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 is 1.65 to 1.7, and the refractive index of the lens element 40 is 1.45 to 1.5.
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 is a planarization layer that is completely filled between adjacent lens elements 40 .
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 does not extend above the lens element 40 .
  • the display panel 100 further includes a filter layer 80 and an optical glue layer 90 .
  • the filter layer 80 is formed on the side of the light-transmitting layer 60 and the lens element 40 away from the encapsulation layer 30 .
  • the optical glue layer 90 is formed on the side of the filter layer 80 away from the lens element 40 .
  • the optical adhesive layer 90 is a transparent material that allows light to pass through.
  • the optical adhesive layer 90 has a certain thickness and is a flowable material during the formation process, which can make the upper surface flat.
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 is acted by a part of the filter layer 80 , and a part of the filter layer 80 is filled between the adjacent lens elements 40 .
  • a part of the filter layer 80 is formed on the side of the light-transmitting layer 60 and the lens element 40 away from the encapsulation layer 30 .
  • the filter layer 80 includes a red filter layer 84, a green filter layer 86 and a blue filter layer 82.
  • the red filter layer 84 is located above the red light-emitting unit and is used to filter out other light except red light.
  • the green filter layer 86 is located above the green light-emitting unit and is used to filter light other than green light; the blue filter layer 82 is located above the blue light-emitting unit and is used to filter other light except blue light.
  • the side surface 41 of the lens element 40 is in contact with the filter layer 80 as the light-transmitting layer 60 , and the slope angle formed by the side surface 41 and the encapsulation layer 30 is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees. Moreover, the slope angles formed by different side surfaces 41 in contact with different color filter layers 80 are not equal, so as to obtain a better white balance effect.
  • the red filter layer 84, the green filter layer 86 and the blue filter layer 82 all have different refractive indexes.
  • the refractive index of the red filter layer 84 for 620 nm red light is 1.71
  • the refractive index of the green filter layer 86 for 550 nm green light is 1.63
  • the refractive index of the blue filter layer 82 for 460 nm blue light is 1.58. If all the lens elements 40 are made in the same shape (made of the same material, have a refractive index of 1.47, and have equal slope angles), then the light-transmitting layer 60 acted by different color filter layers is different from the lens element.
  • the critical angles of total reflection at the 40 interface will be different, respectively 59.8° (i.e., arcsin1.47/1.71), 64.4° (i.e., arcsin1.47/1.63), and 68.5° (i.e., arcsin1.47/1.57). This will lead to inconsistent light extraction efficiency gains at light-emitting units of different colors (the smaller the critical angle of total reflection, the higher the light extraction efficiency), ultimately affecting the white balance of the display screen.
  • the slope angle of the lens element 40 corresponding to the red filter layer 84 (that is, the slope angle formed by the side surface 41 in contact with the red filter layer 84) is set to 65 degrees to 70 degrees (inclusive). endpoints), the slope angle of the lens element 40 corresponding to the green filter layer 86 (that is, the slope angle formed by the side surface 41 in contact with the green filter layer 86) is set to 55 degrees to 60 degrees (inclusive). endpoints), the slope angle of the lens element 40 corresponding to the blue filter layer 82 (that is, the slope angle formed by the side surface 41 in contact with the blue filter layer 82) is set to 45 degrees to 50 degrees, The above white balance can be achieved very well.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a display panel, which can be used to manufacture the above display panel.
  • a substrate 10 is first provided, on which a light-emitting layer 20 and an encapsulation layer 30 have been formed.
  • the light-emitting layer 20 includes a plurality of light-emitting units 22 arranged at intervals (only one light-emitting unit 22 is shown in the figure), and a pixel defining layer 28 is provided between adjacent light-emitting units 22.
  • the light-emitting unit 22 can be divided into a red light-emitting unit for emitting red light, a green light-emitting unit for emitting green light, and a blue light-emitting unit for emitting blue light.
  • Each light-emitting unit 22 includes a light-emitting material layer 23 and two electrodes located on both sides of the light-emitting material layer 23 . Only the anode 25 below the layer of luminescent material 23 is shown.
  • the encapsulation layer 30 is disposed on a side of the light-emitting layer 20 away from the substrate 10 .
  • the encapsulation layer 30 may be a stacked structure of an inorganic insulating layer-an organic insulating layer-an inorganic insulating layer.
  • a plurality of protrusions 50 are formed above the encapsulation layer 30 , and the protrusions 50 are located directly above the pixel defining layer 28 .
  • the boundaries of the protrusions 50 do not necessarily coincide with the boundaries of the pixel defining layer 28 .
  • the range covered by the protrusions 50 may be slightly smaller than the range covered by the pixel defining layer 28 .
  • the top surface of the protrusion 50 may be convex outward.
  • the protrusions 50 may be made of photosensitive material, such as positive acrylic material.
  • the first reflective layer 42 can be formed on the top surface of the protrusion 50 .
  • the material of the first reflective layer 42 may include silver or silver.
  • a first lens 45 is formed on the protrusion 50 and the first reflective layer 42 .
  • the first lens 45 and the protrusion 50 as a whole may be in the form of an isosceles trapezoid that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top.
  • the slope angle of the first lens 45 can be between 45 degrees and 90 degrees, and the thickness can be between 1 micron and 3 microns.
  • a second lens 47 is formed above the first lens 45, and a groove is formed on the upper surface of the second lens 47.
  • the second lens 47 may be made of the same material as the first lens 45 .
  • the slope angle of the second lens 47 may be between 45 degrees and 90 degrees, preferably the same as the slope angle of the first lens 45 , so that the entire lens element 40 has an isosceles trapezoid shape.
  • the thickness of the second lens 47 may be between 1 micron and 3 microns.
  • the cross section of the groove located on the upper surface of the second lens 47 is preferably an inverted isosceles triangle.
  • the slope of the groove may be from 10 degrees to 35 degrees, preferably 20 degrees.
  • a second reflective layer 44 can be formed on the surface of the groove.
  • the planar shape of the second reflective layer 44 is the same or substantially the same as the surface of the groove.
  • the second reflective layer 44 can also be made of silver.
  • a light-transmitting layer 60 is filled between adjacent lens elements 40 .
  • the material of the light-transmitting layer 60 can be optical glue, and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 can be 1.65 to 1.7. Furthermore, the refractive index of the lens element 40 at the side surface 41 is smaller than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 .
  • a black matrix block 70 is formed above the lens element 40 and the second reflective layer 44. Furthermore, the projection of the black matrix block 70 on the substrate 10 and the projection of the lens element 40 on the substrate 10 at least partially overlap.
  • the filter layer 80 and the optical adhesive layer 90 are sequentially formed on the black matrix block 70 and the light-transmitting layer 60 to obtain the display panel 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the manufacturing methods of display panels in other embodiments are similar to this solution and will not be described again here.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a display panel 200, please refer to Figure 6, including:
  • the light-emitting layer 20 is provided on one side of the substrate 10 and includes a plurality of light-emitting units 22 arranged at intervals (only one light-emitting unit 22 is shown in the figure), and a pixel defining layer is provided between adjacent light-emitting units 22 28;
  • the encapsulation layer 30 is provided on the side of the light-emitting layer 20 away from the substrate 10;
  • a plurality of lens elements 40 are disposed on a side of the encapsulation layer 30 away from the light-emitting layer 20 .
  • the projection of the lens elements 40 on the substrate 10 is consistent with the projection of the pixel defining layer 28 on the substrate 10
  • the projections on are at least partially overlapping (i.e., lens element 40 is located above pixel defining layer 28);
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 is disposed on the side of the encapsulation layer 30 away from the light-emitting layer 20 . At least part of the light-transmitting layer 60 is located between adjacent lens elements 40 . The light-transmitting layer 60 is located between the adjacent lens elements 40 .
  • the projection on the substrate 10 and the projection of the light-emitting unit 22 on the substrate 10 at least partially overlap (that is, the light-transmitting layer 60 is located above the light-emitting unit 22), so that the light emitted by the light-emitting unit 22 can pass through. into the user’s eyes;
  • the lens element 40 has a side surface 41 in contact with the light-transmitting layer 60 , and the refractive index of the lens element 40 at the side surface 41 is smaller than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 .
  • the lens element 40 by providing the lens element 40, the light extraction effect of the display panel is effectively improved. Specifically, part of the light emitted by the light-emitting unit 22 will directly enter the user's eyes through the light-transmitting layer 60 , and the other part will illuminate the side surface 41 of the lens element 40 .
  • the incident angle of light for example, light L1
  • the critical angle of total reflection total reflection will occur, and the light L2 formed by reflection directly enters the user's eyes through the light-transmitting layer 60;
  • the light for example, when the incident angle of the light ray L3 is less than the critical angle of total reflection, refraction will occur, and the refracted light rays L4 and L5 will also enter the user's eyes through the lens element 40.
  • the light extraction efficiency of the display panel is significantly improved.
  • the lens element 40 includes a first lens 45 and a second lens 47 arranged in a stack.
  • the first lens 45 is arranged adjacent to the encapsulation layer 30
  • the second lens 47 Located on the side of the first lens 45 away from the encapsulation layer 30 .
  • the surface of the second lens 47 away from the first lens 45 is a light exit surface 470 that allows light to pass through.
  • light L3 in FIG. 6 is first refracted into the lens element 40 to form light L4, and then refracted from the light exit surface 470 (the upper surface of the second lens 47) to form light L5, and then enters the user's eyes.
  • the light L5 formed after being adjusted by the lens element 40 is closer to the direction of the front viewing angle than the original light L3, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display panel at the front viewing angle.
  • the projection of the first lens 45 on the substrate 10 will generally fall completely within the projection of the pixel defining layer 28 on the substrate 10 . That is, the first lens 45 does not extend directly above the light emitting unit 22 .
  • the distance between the boundary of the lower surface of the first lens 45 and the boundary of the pixel defining layer 28 may generally be set to 0 to 5 microns.
  • the light-emitting surface 470 of the second lens 47 is in the shape of a folded line, and the folded line is formed by connecting two or more straight sections.
  • the light exit surface 470 of the second lens 47 is arc-shaped.
  • the arc can be a standard arc or an irregular curve. Regardless of whether it is in the shape of a folded line or an arc, the light exit surface 470 of the second lens 47 preferably has a continuously changing gradient shape. For example, along the direction from the center of the light exit surface 470 to the edge of the light exit surface 470, the distance between the light exit surface 470 and the encapsulation layer 30 gradually increases, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown.
  • the cross-section of the groove is preferably an inverted isosceles triangle.
  • the slope of the groove may be from 10 degrees to 35 degrees, preferably 20 degrees.
  • the distance between the light exit surface 470 and the encapsulation layer 30 gradually decreases, as shown in Figures 9 and 10 .
  • the above-mentioned gradient design of the light-emitting surface 470 is conducive to further improving the light-emitting efficiency.
  • the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 are made of the same material, and the contact surface of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 is flat.
  • the lens element 40 may include only one lens, and the shape of this lens is the same as the overall shape of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 .
  • the width of the lens element 40 gradually decreases in a direction away from the encapsulation layer 30 . That is, the lens element 40 has a shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
  • the slope angle formed by the side surface 41 and the encapsulation layer 30 is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees. Preferably, the slope angle is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees. More preferably, the slope angle is about 55 degrees. It has been verified through many experiments that the shape of the lens element 40 that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and the setting of the above-mentioned slope angle are conducive to further improving the light extraction efficiency of the display panel.
  • the light-transmitting layer 60, the first lens 45, and the second lens 47 are made of optical glues of different materials.
  • the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 is 1.65 to 1.7
  • the refractive index of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 is 1.45 to 1.5.
  • the light-transmitting layer 60 is a planarization layer, filled between adjacent lens elements 40, and covering the side of the lens element 40 away from the encapsulation layer 30, as shown in Figures 6 and 7 and shown in Figure 9.
  • the lens element 40 may further include a third lens 49 , the refractive index of the third lens 49 is greater than the refractive index of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 .
  • the refractive index of the third lens 49 is not only greater than the refractive index of the first lens 45 and the second lens 47 , but also greater than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 60 .
  • the third lens 49 can be made of optical glue with a refractive index of 1.7.
  • the third lens 49 is disposed on a side of the second lens 47 away from the encapsulation layer 30 , as shown in FIGS. 7 , 8 and 10 .
  • the third lens 49 is directly disposed on the side of the first lens 45 away from the encapsulation layer 30 , and the second lens 47 is no longer disposed, as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the side of the third lens 49 away from the encapsulation layer 30 is covered by a light-transmitting layer 60 , as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the side of the third lens 49 away from the encapsulation layer 30 is not covered by the light-transmitting layer 60 , as shown in FIGS. 8 , 10 and 11 .
  • each light-emitting unit 22 includes a luminescent material layer 23 and two electrodes located on both sides of the luminescent material layer 23 . Only the anode 25 below the layer of luminescent material 23 is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the light output gain of the traditional display panel is 12%.
  • the light extraction gains of the display panels in Figures 6 to 10 are 14.30%, 16.10%, 16.30%, 14.50% and 16.20% respectively, which is significantly better than the traditional display panel in terms of light extraction gain.
  • the light extraction gain of the display panel in Figure 11 is 12.80% respectively, which is also better than the traditional display panel in terms of light extraction gain.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a display device, including any of the above display panels.

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Abstract

本申请提供显示面板与显示装置，用以改善出光效率。其中，显示面板包括衬底、发光层、封装层、多个透镜元件与透光层。发光层设置于衬底的一侧，包括间隔设置的多个发光单元，相邻的发光单元之间设置有像素限定层。封装层设置于发光层远离衬底的一侧。多个透镜元件设置于封装层远离所述发光层的一侧，透镜元件在衬底上的投影与像素限定层在衬底上的投影至少部分交叠。透光层设置于封装层远离发光层的一侧，透光层的至少部分位于相邻的透镜元件之间，透光层在衬底上的投影与发光单元在衬底上的投影至少部分交叠。透镜元件具有与透光层接触的侧表面，透镜元件在所述侧表面处的折射率小于透光层的折射率。

Description

显示面板与显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电子显示技术领域，特别涉及一种显示面板与显示装置。
背景技术
OLED显示装置由于具有自发光、驱动电压低、发光效率高、响应时间短、清晰度与对比度高、近180°视角、使用温度范围宽、可实现柔性显示以及大面积全色显示等诸多优点，在显示领域、照明领域及智能穿戴等领域有着广泛地应用。
但是，在传统的OLED显示装置中，由于光线最终需从高折射率的盖板(CG)射入低折射率的空气中。当光线在盖板界面处的入射角度达到或大于全反射临界角时，会发生全内反射，导致显示装置的出光效率低。
发明内容
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供一种显示面板，包括：
衬底；
发光层，设置于所述衬底的一侧，包括间隔设置的多个发光单元，相邻的发光单元之间设置有像素限定层；
封装层，设置于所述发光层远离所述衬底的一侧；
多个透镜元件，设置于所述封装层远离所述发光层的一侧，所述透镜元件在所述衬底上的投影与所述像素限定层在所述衬底上的投影至少部分交叠，所述透镜元件包括层叠设置的第一透镜与第二透镜，所述第一透镜邻近所述封装层设置，所述第二透镜位于所述第一透镜远离所述封装层的一侧；
透光层，设置于所述封装层远离所述发光层的一侧，所述透光层的至少部分位于相邻的透镜元件之间，所述透光层在所述衬底上的投影与所述发光单元在所述衬底上的投影至少部分交叠；
其中，所述透镜元件具有与所述透光层接触的侧表面，所述透镜元件在所述侧表面处的折射率小于所述透光层的折射率。
在一个实施例中，所述透镜元件邻近所述封装层的表面处设置有第一反射层，所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的表面处设置有第二反射层，所述第一反射层与所述第二反射层面对面设置。
在一个实施例中，在所述透镜元件与所述封装层之间设置有凸起物，所述凸起物具有邻近所述封装层的底表面和邻近所述透镜元件的顶表面，所述顶表面朝向所述透镜元件外凸，所述第一反射层设置在所述顶表面上。
在一个实施例中，所述凸起物的材料包括光敏材料。
在一个实施例中，所述第一反射层呈折线状或弧线状，并且，沿从中心到边缘的方向，所述第一反射层与所述封装层之间的距离逐渐减小。
在一个实施例中，所述第一反射层和/或所述第二反射层的材料包括银。
在一个实施例中，所述显示面板还包括黑矩阵块，所述黑矩阵块位于所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的一侧，所述黑矩阵块在所述衬底上的投影与所述透镜元件在所述衬底上的投影至少部分交叠；
所述黑矩阵块具有邻近所述透镜元件的下表面和远离所述透镜元件的上表面，所述第二反射层与所述下表面相接触。
在一个实施例中，所述第二反射层呈折线状或弧线状，并且，沿从中心到边缘的方向，所述第二反射层与所述封装层之间的距离逐渐增大。
在一个实施例中，所述侧表面与所述封装层所成的坡度角大于等于 45度且小于90度。
在一个实施例中，所述透光层的折射率为1.65到1.7，所述透镜元件的折射率为1.45到1.5。
在一个实施例中，所述透光层为平坦化层，填充在相邻的透镜元件之间；
所述显示面板还包括滤光层，所述滤光层形成于所述透光层与所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的一侧。
在一个实施例中，所述透光层由滤光层的一部分充当，所述滤光层的一部分填充在相邻的所述透镜元件之间作为所述透光层，所述滤光层的另一部分形成于所述透光层与所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的一侧。
在一个实施例中，所述滤光层包括红色滤光层、绿色滤光层和蓝色滤光层；
所述透镜元件的侧表面与作为透光层的滤光层接触，所述侧表面与所述封装层所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于90度；
与不同颜色滤光层接触的不同所述侧表面，所成的所述坡度角不相等。
在一个实施例中，与红色滤光层接触的所述侧表面所成的坡度角大于等于65度且小于等于70度；
与绿色滤光层接触的所述侧表面所成的坡度角大于等于55度且小于等于60度；
与蓝色滤光层接触的所述侧表面所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于等于50度。
在一个实施例中，所述第二透镜远离所述第一透镜的表面为允许光透过的出光面。
在一个实施例中，所述第二透镜的所述出光面呈折线状或弧线状；并且，从所述出光面中心到所述出光面边缘的方向，所述出光面与所述封装层之间的距离逐渐增大或逐渐减小。
在一个实施例中，所述第一透镜与所述第二透镜的材料相同，所述第一透镜与所述第二透镜的接触面为平面。
在一个实施例中，沿远离所述封装层的方向，所述透镜元件的宽度逐渐减小。
在一个实施例中，所述透镜元件还包括所述第三透镜，所述第三透镜设置于所述第二透镜或所述第一透镜远离所述封装层的一侧，所述第三透镜的折射率大于所述第一透镜和/或第二透镜的折射率。
根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括如前面所述的显示面板。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
图1是本申请一个实施例显示面板的截面结构示意图；
图2(a)至图2(g)是图1所示显示面板的制作过程的示意图；
图3至图5是图1实施例显示面板的几个变更例的截面结构示意图；
图6是本申请另一实施例显示面板的截面结构示意图；
图7至图11是图6实施例显示面板的几个变更例的截面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本申请相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本申请的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
本申请实施例提供一种显示面板100，请参照图1，包括：
衬底10；
发光层20，设置于所述衬底10的一侧，包括间隔设置的多个发光单元22(图中只示出了一个发光单元22)，相邻的发光单元22之间设置有像素限定层28；
封装层30，设置于所述发光层20远离所述衬底10的一侧；
多个透镜元件40，设置于所述封装层30远离所述发光层20的一侧，所述透镜元件40在所述衬底10上的投影与所述像素限定层28在所述衬底10上的投影至少部分交叠(即，透镜元件40位于像素限定层28的上方)；
透光层60，设置于所述封装层30远离所述发光层20的一侧，所述透光层60的至少部分位于相邻的透镜元件40之间，所述透光层60在所述衬底10上的投影与所述发光单元22在所述衬底10上的投影至少部分交叠(即，透光层60位于发光单元22的上方)，以供发光单元22发出的光通过而进入用户的眼睛；
其中，所述透镜元件40具有与所述透光层60接触的侧表面41，所述透镜元件40在所述侧表面41处的折射率小于所述透光层60的折射率。
在上述实施例中，通过设置透镜元件40，有效提升了显示面板的出光效果。具体的，发光单元22发出的光一部分会直接透过透光层60进入用户 的眼睛，另一部分则会照射到透镜元件40的侧表面41上。在上述侧表面41处，当光线(比如，光线L1)的入射角大于全反射临界角时，则会发生全反射，反射形成的光线L2直接经透光层60进入用户的眼睛；当光线(比如，光线L3)的入射角小于全反射临界角时，则会发生折射，折射后的光线L4、L5、L6、L7经透镜元件40也会进入用户的眼睛。由此，显著提升了显示面板的出光效率。
在一些实施例中，如图1，所述透镜元件40邻近所述封装层30的表面处设置有第一反射层42，所述透镜元件40远离所述封装层30的表面处设置有第二反射层44，所述第一反射层42与所述第二反射层44面对面设置。
上述第一反射层42和第二反射层44可将自侧表面41处折射入透镜元件40的光线作一次或多次反射后发射至用户的眼睛。比如，图1中的光线L3先是折射入透镜元件40形成光线L4，被第二反射层44反射后形成光线L5，之后再被第一反射层42反射后形成光线L6；光线L6在侧表面41处折射，形成光线L7并向上发出而进入用户的眼睛。
继续参照图1，在一些实施例中，在所述透镜元件40与所述封装层30之间设置有凸起物50，所述凸起物50具有邻近所述封装层30的底表面和邻近所述透镜元件40的顶表面，所述顶表面朝向所述透镜元件40外凸，所述第一反射层42设置在所述顶表面上。
在一些实施例中，所述凸起物50的材料包括/是光敏材料。其中，所述光敏材料可以是正性亚克力材料。亚克力又叫PMMA或有机玻璃，化学名称为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
在一些实施例中，所述第一反射层42呈折线状，该折线由两段或更多段直线连接而成，如图1、图3。在一些实施例中，所述第一反射层42呈弧线状，如图4、图5。该弧线可以是标准的圆弧，也可以是不规则的曲线。不管是呈折线状还是呈弧线状，所述第一反射层42均优选呈外凸的形状。即， 沿从第一反射层42中心到第一反射层42边缘的方向，所述第一反射层42与所述封装层30之间的距离逐渐减小。
在一些实施例中，所述第一反射层42和/或所述第二反射层44的材料包括/是银(Ag)。
在一些实施例中，发光单元22分为用于发射红光的红色发光单元、用于发射绿光的绿色发光单元与用于发射蓝光的蓝色发光单元。每一发光单元22包括发光材料层23以及位于发光材料层23两侧的两个电极。图1中只示出了位于发光材料层23下方的阳极25。
继续参照图1，在一些实施例中，所述显示面板100还包括多个间隔的黑矩阵块70，多个黑矩阵块70组成黑矩阵(BM)。所述黑矩阵块70位于所述透镜元件40远离所述封装层30的一侧，所述黑矩阵块70在所述衬底10上的投影与所述透镜元件40在所述衬底10上的投影至少部分交叠，即，所述黑矩阵块70位于所述透镜元件40的上方。
所述黑矩阵块70具有邻近所述透镜元件40的下表面和远离所述透镜元件40的上表面，所述第二反射层44与黑矩阵块70的所述下表面相接触(或者说第二反射层44贴合于黑矩阵块70的下表面设置)。
在一些实施例中，所述第二反射层44呈折线状，该折线由两段或更多段直线连接而成，如图1、图3。在一些实施例中，所述第二反射层44呈弧线状，如图4、图5。该弧线可以是标准的圆弧，也可以是不规则的曲线。不管是呈折线状还是呈弧线状，所述第二反射层44均优选呈外凸的形状。即，沿从第二反射层44中心到第二反射层44边缘的方向，所述第二反射层44与所述封装层30之间的距离逐渐增大。
在一些实施例中，沿远离所述封装层30的方向，所述透镜元件40的宽度逐渐减小。即，透镜元件40呈上窄下宽的形状。在一些实施例中，所述侧表面41与所述封装层30所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于90度。较优 的，所述坡度角为大于等于45度且小于等于70度。更优的，所述坡度角为55度左右。经多次实验验证，透镜元件40呈上窄下宽的形状以及上述坡度角的设置均有利于进一步提升显示面板的出光效率。
在一些实施例中，所述透镜元件40包括层叠设置的第一透镜45与第二透镜47，所述第一透镜45邻近所述封装层30设置，所述第二透镜47位于所述第一透镜45远离所述封装层30的一侧。透镜元件40分为第一透镜45与第二透镜47两个部分，可方便第一反射层42与第二反射层44的设置。
在一些实施例中，所述第一透镜45与所述第二透镜47的材料相同，所述第一透镜45与所述第二透镜47的接触面为平面。在一些实施例中，所述透镜元件40可仅包括一个透镜，该透镜的形貌与第一透镜45、第二透镜47的整体形貌相同。
在一些实施例中，所述透光层60与所述透镜元件40由不同材质的光学胶制成。其中，所述透光层60的折射率为1.65到1.7，所述透镜元件40的折射率为1.45到1.5。
在一些实施例中，如图1和图4所示，所述透光层60为平坦化层，被完全填充在相邻的透镜元件40之间。所述透光层60未延伸到透镜元件40的上方。所述显示面板100还包括滤光层80和光学胶层90，所述滤光层80形成于所述透光层60与所述透镜元件40远离所述封装层30的一侧。光学胶层90形成于所述滤光层80远离所述透镜元件40的一侧。光学胶层90为透明材料，可供光线透过。并且，光学胶层90具有一定的厚度，且在形成过程中为可流动材质，可起到使上表面平坦的作用。
请参照图3或图5所示，在一些实施例中，所述透光层60由滤光层80的一部分充当，所述滤光层80的一部分填充在相邻的所述透镜元件40之间作为所述透光层60，所述滤光层80的另一部分形成于所述透光层60与所述透镜元件40远离所述封装层30的一侧。所述滤光层80包括红色滤光层84、 绿色滤光层86和蓝色滤光层82，其中，红色滤光层84位于红色发光单元的上方，用于滤除红光外的其它光线；绿色滤光层86位于绿色发光单元的上方，用于滤除绿光外的其它光线；蓝色滤光层82位于蓝色发光单元的上方，用于滤除蓝光外的其它光线。所述透镜元件40的侧表面41与作为透光层60的滤光层80接触，所述侧表面41与所述封装层30所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于90度。并且，与不同颜色滤光层80接触的不同所述侧表面41，所成的所述坡度角不相等，以获得较佳的白平衡效果。
红色滤光层84、绿色滤光层86和蓝色滤光层82的折射率均不相同。比如，红色滤光层84对于620nm红光的折射率是1.71；绿色滤光层86对于550nm绿光的折射率是1.63；蓝色滤光层82对于460nm蓝光的折射率是1.58。假如所有的透镜元件40被制作成相同的形态(由相同材料制成，折射率为1.47，并具有相等的坡度角)，那么，由不同颜色滤光层所充当的透光层60与透镜元件40界面处的全反射临界角将不同，分别为59.8°(即，arcsin1.47/1.71)、64.4°(即，arcsin1.47/1.63)、68.5°(即，arcsin1.47/1.57)。这将导致不同颜色的发光单元处的出光效率增益不一致(全反射临界角越小，出光效率越高)，最终影响显示画面的白平衡。
通常而言，将红色滤光层84对应的透镜元件40的坡度角(即，与红色滤光层84接触的所述侧表面41所成的坡度角)设置为65度～70度(含两个端点)，将绿色滤光层86对应的透镜元件40的坡度角(即，与绿色滤光层86接触的所述侧表面41所成的坡度角)设置为55度～60度(含两个端点)，将蓝色滤光层82对应的透镜元件40的坡度角(即，与蓝色滤光层82接触的所述侧表面41所成的坡度角)设置为45度～50度，即可很好地实现上述白平衡。
本申请实施例还提供一种显示面板的制作方法，其可用于制作上述显示面板。如图2(a)，先提供衬底10，所述衬底10上已形成有发光层20和封装层30。其中，所述发光层20包括间隔设置的多个发光单元22(图中只 示出了一个发光单元22)，相邻的发光单元22之间设置有像素限定层28。所述发光单元22可以分为用于发射红光的红色发光单元、用于发射绿光的绿色发光单元与用于发射蓝光的蓝色发光单元。每一发光单元22包括发光材料层23以及位于发光材料层23两侧的两个电极。图中只示出了位于发光材料层23下方的阳极25。所述封装层30设置于所述发光层20远离所述衬底10的一侧。所述封装层30可以是无机绝缘层-有机绝缘层-无机绝缘层的叠层结构。
如图2(b)，在所述封装层30的上方形成多个凸起物50，所述凸起物50位于所述像素限定层28的正上方。但是，所述凸起物50的边界不必与所述像素限定层28的边界完全重合。比如，所述凸起物50覆盖的范围可略小于所述像素限定层28所覆盖的范围。所述凸起物50的顶表面可向外凸起。所述凸起物50的材料可以是光敏材料，比如正性亚克力材料。而后，可在凸起物50的顶表面形成第一反射层42。所述第一反射层42的材料可以包括银或者是银。
如图2(c)，在凸起物50和第一反射层42上形成第一透镜45。第一透镜45与凸起物50的整体可呈下宽上窄的等腰梯形。第一透镜45的坡度角可为45度到90度之间，厚度可为1微米到3微米之间。
如图2(d)和图2(e)，在第一透镜45的上方形成第二透镜47，并在第二透镜47的上表面开设凹槽。其中，第二透镜47的材料可与第一透镜45相同。并且，第二透镜47的坡度角可为45度到90度之间，优选与第一透镜45的坡度角相同，使得透镜元件40整体呈等腰梯形状。第二透镜47的厚度可为1微米到3微米之间。位于第二透镜47上表面的所述凹槽的横截面优选为倒等腰三角形。所述凹槽的坡度可以是10度到35度，优选为20度。
而后，可在所述凹槽的表面形成第二反射层44。所述第二反射层44的平面形状与所述凹槽的表面相同或基本相同。所述第二反射层44同样可由银制作而成。
如图2(f)，在相邻的透镜元件40之间填充透光层60。其中，透光层60的材质可以光学胶，所述透光层60的折射率可以是1.65到1.7。并且，所述透镜元件40在侧表面41处的折射率小于所述透光层60的折射率。
如图2(g)，在透镜元件40和第二反射层44上方形成黑矩阵块70。并且，所述黑矩阵块70在所述衬底10上的投影与所述透镜元件40在所述衬底10上的投影至少部分交叠。
最后，在黑矩阵块70和透光层60的上方依次形成滤光层80和光学胶层90，即可获得图1所示的显示面板100。其它实施例中显示面板的制作方法与该方案类似，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种显示面板200，请参照图6，包括：
衬底10；
发光层20，设置于所述衬底10的一侧，包括间隔设置的多个发光单元22(图中只示出了一个发光单元22)，相邻的发光单元22之间设置有像素限定层28；
封装层30，设置于所述发光层20远离所述衬底10的一侧；
多个透镜元件40，设置于所述封装层30远离所述发光层20的一侧，所述透镜元件40在所述衬底10上的投影与所述像素限定层28在所述衬底10上的投影至少部分交叠(即，透镜元件40位于像素限定层28的上方)；
透光层60，设置于所述封装层30远离所述发光层20的一侧，所述透光层60的至少部分位于相邻的透镜元件40之间，所述透光层60在所述衬底10上的投影与所述发光单元22在所述衬底10上的投影至少部分交叠(即，透光层60位于发光单元22的上方)，以供发光单元22发出的光通过而进入用户的眼睛；
其中，所述透镜元件40具有与所述透光层60接触的侧表面41，所述透镜元件40在所述侧表面41处的折射率小于所述透光层60的折射率。
在上述实施例中，通过设置透镜元件40，有效提升了显示面板的出光效果。具体的，发光单元22发出的光一部分会直接透过透光层60进入用户的眼睛，另一部分则会照射到透镜元件40的侧表面41上。在上述侧表面41处，当光线(比如，光线L1)的入射角大于全反射临界角时，则会发生全反射，反射形成的光线L2直接经透光层60进入用户的眼睛；当光线(比如，光线L3)的入射角小于全反射临界角时，则会发生折射，折射后的光线L4、L5经透镜元件40也会进入用户的眼睛。由此，显著提升了显示面板的出光效率。
继续参照图6，在一些实施例中，所述透镜元件40包括层叠设置的第一透镜45与第二透镜47，所述第一透镜45邻近所述封装层30设置，所述第二透镜47位于所述第一透镜45远离所述封装层30的一侧。并且，第二透镜47远离所述第一透镜45的表面(图6中第二透镜47的上表面)为允许光透过的出光面470。比如，图6中的光线L3先是折射入透镜元件40形成光线L4，而后自所述出光面470(第二透镜47的上表面)处再次折射后形成光线L5，而后进入用户的眼睛。经透镜元件40调整后形成的光线L5比原光线L3更接近正视角的方向，从而提高了显示面板正视角的出光效率。
所述第一透镜45在所述衬底10上的投影通常会完全落入像素限定层28在所述衬底10上的投影内。即，第一透镜45不延伸到发光单元22的正上方。所述第一透镜45下表面的边界与所述像素限定层28的边界之间的间距通常可设置为0到5微米。
在一些实施例中，所述第二透镜47的所述出光面470呈折线状，该折线由两段或更多段直线连接而成。在一些实施例中，所述第二透镜47的所述出光面470呈弧线状。该弧线可以是标准的圆弧，也可以是不规则的曲线。不管是呈折线状还是呈弧线状，所述第二透镜47的所述出光面470均优选呈连续变化的渐变形状。比如，沿从所述出光面470的中心到所述出光面470的边缘的方向，所述出光面470与所述封装层30之间的距离逐渐增大，如图 6、图7与图8所示。此时，相当于在第二透镜47的出光面470开设有凹槽。所述凹槽的横截面优选为倒等腰三角形。所述凹槽的坡度可以是10度到35度，优选为20度。又比如，沿从所述出光面470的中心到所述出光面470的边缘的方向，所述出光面470与所述封装层30之间的距离逐渐减小，如图9和图10所示。出光面470的上述渐变设计有利于进一步提升出光效率。
在一些实施例中，所述第一透镜45与所述第二透镜47的材料相同，所述第一透镜45与所述第二透镜47的接触面为平面。在一些实施例中，所述透镜元件40可仅包括一个透镜，该透镜的形貌与第一透镜45、第二透镜47的整体形貌相同。
在一些实施例中，沿远离所述封装层30的方向，所述透镜元件40的宽度逐渐减小。即，透镜元件40呈上窄下宽的形状。在一些实施例中，所述侧表面41与所述封装层30所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于90度。较优的，所述坡度角为大于等于45度且小于等于70度。更优的，所述坡度角为55度左右。经多次实验验证，透镜元件40呈上窄下宽的形状以及上述坡度角的设置均有利于进一步提升显示面板的出光效率。
在一些实施例中，所述透光层60与所述第一透镜45、所述第二透镜47由不同材质的光学胶制成。其中，所述透光层60的折射率为1.65到1.7，所述第一透镜45与所述第二透镜47的折射率为1.45到1.5。
在一些实施例中，所述透光层60为平坦化层，填充在相邻的透镜元件40之间，并覆盖于透镜元件40远离所述封装层30的一侧，如图6、图7和图9所示。
所述透镜元件40还可包括第三透镜49，第三透镜49的折射率大于第一透镜45、第二透镜47的折射率。在一些实施例中，第三透镜49的折射率不仅大于第一透镜45、第二透镜47的折射率，还大于透光层60的折射率。比如，第三透镜49可由折射率为1.7的光学胶制作。
在一些实施例中，所述第三透镜49设置于第二透镜47远离所述封装层30的一侧，如图7、图8和图10所示。在一些实施例中，所述第三透镜49直接设置于第一透镜45远离所述封装层30的一侧，而不再设置第二透镜47，如图11所示。在一些实施例中，所述第三透镜49远离所述封装层30的一侧被透光层60所覆盖，如图7所示。在一些实施例中，所述第三透镜49远离所述封装层30的一侧未被透光层60所覆盖，如图8、图10和图11所示。通过设置第三透镜49可进一步对光线进行调整，使得经透镜元件40调整后形成的光线更接近正视角的方向，从而提高了显示面板正视角的出光效率。
在一些实施例中，每一发光单元22包括发光材料层23以及位于发光材料层23两侧的两个电极。图6中只示出了位于发光材料层23下方的阳极25。
经仿真测试：传统显示面板的出光增益为12％。图6至图10中显示面板的出光增益分别为14.30％、16.10％、16.30％、14.50％与16.20％，在出光增益方面明显优于传统显示面板。图11中显示面板的出光增益分别为12.80％，在出光增益方面也优于传统显示面板。
本申请实施例还提供一种显示装置，包括上述任一种显示面板。
需要指出的是，在附图中，为了图示的清晰可能夸大了层和区域的尺寸。而且可以理解，当元件或层被称为在另一元件或层“上”时，它可以直接在其他元件上，或者可以存在中间的层。另外，可以理解，当元件或层被称为在另一元件或层“下”时，它可以直接在其他元件下，或者可以存在一个以上的中间的层或元件。另外，还可以理解，当层或元件被称为在两层或两个元件“之间”时，它可以为两层或两个元件之间唯一的层，或还可以存在一个以上的中间层或元件。通篇相似的参考标记指示相似的元件。术语“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的公开后，将容易想到 本申请的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本申请的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本申请的一般性原理并包括本申请未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本申请的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是，本申请并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本申请的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示面板，其特征在于，包括：
    衬底；
    发光层，设置于所述衬底的一侧，包括间隔设置的多个发光单元，相邻的发光单元之间设置有像素限定层；
    封装层，设置于所述发光层远离所述衬底的一侧；
    多个透镜元件，设置于所述封装层远离所述发光层的一侧，所述透镜元件在所述衬底上的投影与所述像素限定层在所述衬底上的投影至少部分交叠，所述透镜元件包括层叠设置的第一透镜与第二透镜，所述第一透镜邻近所述封装层设置，所述第二透镜位于所述第一透镜远离所述封装层的一侧；
    透光层，设置于所述封装层远离所述发光层的一侧，所述透光层的至少部分位于相邻的透镜元件之间，所述透光层在所述衬底上的投影与所述发光单元在所述衬底上的投影至少部分交叠；
    其中，所述透镜元件具有与所述透光层接触的侧表面，所述透镜元件在所述侧表面处的折射率小于所述透光层的折射率。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述透镜元件邻近所述封装层的表面处设置有第一反射层，所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的表面处设置有第二反射层，所述第一反射层与所述第二反射层面对面设置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的显示面板，其特征在于，在所述透镜元件与所述封装层之间设置有凸起物，所述凸起物具有邻近所述封装层的底表面和邻近所述透镜元件的顶表面，所述顶表面朝向所述透镜元件外凸，所述第一反射层设置在所述顶表面上。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述凸起物的材料包括光敏材料。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述第一反射层呈折线状或弧线状，并且，沿从中心到边缘的方向，所述第一反射层与所述封 装层之间的距离逐渐减小。
  6. 如权利要求2至5任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述第一反射层和/或所述第二反射层的材料包括银。
  7. 如权利要求2至6任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述显示面板还包括黑矩阵块，所述黑矩阵块位于所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的一侧，所述黑矩阵块在所述衬底上的投影与所述透镜元件在所述衬底上的投影至少部分交叠；
    所述黑矩阵块具有邻近所述透镜元件的下表面和远离所述透镜元件的上表面，所述第二反射层与所述下表面相接触。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述第二反射层呈折线状或弧线状，并且，沿从中心到边缘的方向，所述第二反射层与所述封装层之间的距离逐渐增大。
  9. 如权利要求2至8任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述侧表面与所述封装层所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于90度。
  10. 如权利要求2至9任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述透光层的折射率为1.65到1.7，所述透镜元件的折射率为1.45到1.5。
  11. 如权利要求2至10任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述透光层为平坦化层，填充在相邻的透镜元件之间；
    所述显示面板还包括滤光层，所述滤光层形成于所述透光层与所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的一侧。
  12. 如权利要求2至11任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述透光层由滤光层的一部分充当，所述滤光层的一部分填充在相邻的所述透镜元件之间作为所述透光层，所述滤光层的另一部分形成于所述透光层与所述透镜元件远离所述封装层的一侧。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述滤光层包括红色滤光层、绿色滤光层和蓝色滤光层；
    所述透镜元件的侧表面与作为透光层的滤光层接触，所述侧表面与所述 封装层所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于90度；
    与不同颜色滤光层接触的不同所述侧表面，所成的所述坡度角不相等。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的显示面板，其特征在于，与红色滤光层接触的所述侧表面所成的坡度角大于等于65度且小于等于70度；
    与绿色滤光层接触的所述侧表面所成的坡度角大于等于55度且小于等于60度；
    与蓝色滤光层接触的所述侧表面所成的坡度角大于等于45度且小于等于50度。
  15. 如权利要求1至14任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述第二透镜远离所述第一透镜的表面为允许光透过的出光面。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述第二透镜的所述出光面呈折线状或弧线状；并且，从所述出光面中心到所述出光面边缘的方向，所述出光面与所述封装层之间的距离逐渐增大或逐渐减小。
  17. 如权利要求2至16任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述第一透镜与所述第二透镜的材料相同，所述第一透镜与所述第二透镜的接触面为平面。
  18. 如权利要求2至17任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，沿远离所述封装层的方向，所述透镜元件的宽度逐渐减小。
  19. 如权利要求15至18任一项所述的显示面板，其特征在于，所述透镜元件还包括第三透镜，所述第三透镜设置于所述第二透镜或所述第一透镜远离所述封装层的一侧，所述第三透镜的折射率大于所述第一透镜和/或第二透镜的折射率。
  20. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括如权利要求1至19任一项所述的显示面板。
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