WO2023282683A1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 음극, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법 및 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 음극, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법 및 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023282683A1 WO2023282683A1 PCT/KR2022/009908 KR2022009908W WO2023282683A1 WO 2023282683 A1 WO2023282683 A1 WO 2023282683A1 KR 2022009908 W KR2022009908 W KR 2022009908W WO 2023282683 A1 WO2023282683 A1 WO 2023282683A1
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- active material
- negative electrode
- negative
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- weight
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Definitions
- the present application relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, a method for manufacturing the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- a secondary battery is a representative example of an electrochemical device using such electrochemical energy, and its use area is gradually expanding.
- lithium secondary batteries having high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate have been commercialized and widely used.
- an electrode for such a high-capacity lithium secondary battery research is being actively conducted on a method for manufacturing a high-density electrode having a higher energy density per unit volume.
- a secondary battery is composed of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material for intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions from the positive electrode, and silicon-based particles having a high discharge capacity may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- volume expansion itself such as a method of adjusting the driving potential, a method of additionally coating a thin film on the active material layer, and a method of controlling the particle diameter of the silicon-based compound
- Various methods are being discussed, such as suppression methods or development of a binder that will control the volume expansion of the silicon-based compound to prevent the conductive path from being disconnected.
- research is being conducted to supplement the lifespan characteristics of silicon-based negative electrodes by limiting the use ratio of silicon-based active materials used during initial charging and discharging through a method of prelithiation of the silicon-based active material layer and providing a reservoir role.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-080971
- the present application can maximize capacity characteristics, which is the main purpose of using a silicon-based active material, and at the same time, it is possible to prevent electrode surface degradation during charging and discharging cycles, which is a conventional problem, and furthermore, by improving uniformity during pre-lithiation, capacity and As a result of research on a method capable of improving all life characteristics, it was confirmed that the above problem can be solved by adjusting the pre-lithiation ratio within a specific range.
- the present subject matter relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery satisfying the range of Formula 1, a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present specification is an anode current collector layer; a first negative active material layer provided on one side or both sides of the negative current collector layer; and a second negative electrode active material layer provided on a surface opposite to a surface of the first negative active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer includes a first negative electrode active material.
- the second negative active material layer includes a second negative active material layer composition including a second negative active material
- the second negative active material is carbon-based It includes at least one mixture selected from the group consisting of an active material, a silicon-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of alloying with lithium, and a lithium-containing nitride, wherein the silicon-based active material is 1 part by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative active material
- the second negative electrode active material layer provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery that satisfies Formula 1 below.
- A is the discharge capacity of the second negative electrode active material layer
- B means the capacity of pre-lithiation lithium.
- the first negative active material layer may be formed on a partial surface or the entire surface of the negative electrode current collector layer, and the second negative active material layer may be formed on a partial surface of the first negative electrode active material layer. Or it can be formed on the formation on the front side.
- preparing a negative electrode current collector layer forming a first negative active material layer by coating a first negative active material layer composition on one or both surfaces of the negative current collector layer; and forming a second negative active material layer by coating a second negative active material layer composition on a surface opposite to the surface of the first negative active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer.
- the second negative electrode active material includes at least one mixture selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based active material, a silicon-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of alloying with lithium, and a lithium-containing nitride, and the silicon-based active material includes 1 part by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative active material, and the second negative active material layer satisfies Formula 1.
- the first negative active material layer may be formed on a partial surface or the entire surface of the negative electrode current collector layer, and the second negative active material layer may be formed on a partial surface of the first negative electrode active material layer. Or it can be formed on the formation on the front side.
- the anode A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application; a separator provided between the anode and the cathode; And an electrolyte; it provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a.
- an anode for a lithium secondary battery has a double-layer active material layer composed of a first anode active material layer and a second anode active material layer.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application has a double-layer active material layer having a specific composition and content as described above. can have the advantages of Furthermore, by including silicon-based or carbon-based active materials in the second negative electrode active material layer, surface deterioration of the electrode during charge and discharge cycles may be prevented, and uniformity during prelithiation may also be improved.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application is characterized in that the prelithiation ratio is adjusted within a specific range according to the discharge capacity of the second negative electrode active material layer composition. That is, in the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application, the lithium capacity provided by prelithiation compared to the discharge capacity of the second active material layer including the silicon-based active material is adjusted within the range of Equation 1 above. Accordingly, it has a first negative active material layer composition having high capacity and at the same time includes a second negative active material layer composition to solve lifespan characteristics, and limits the use ratio of silicon-based active material during initial charge and discharge and serves as a reservoir Thus, excellent effects can be obtained by optimizing capacity characteristics and life characteristics.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application has the advantages of an electrode in which a high content of Si particles is applied as a single-layer active material, and at the same time, the disadvantages of having it are surface degradation problems, uniformity problems during pre-lithiation, and life characteristics problems
- the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer are characterized in that they are composed of double layers applied with a specific composition and a specific pre-lithiation ratio.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing RPT capacity retention rates according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the present application.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an increase rate of RPT resistance according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of an anode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a wet on dry process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a wet on wet process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- 'p to q' means a range of 'p or more and q or less'.
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and is specifically calculated from the nitrogen gas adsorption amount under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II of BEL Japan. That is, in the present application, the BET specific surface area may mean the specific surface area measured by the above measuring method.
- Dn means a particle size distribution, and means a particle size at the n% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle size. That is, D50 is the particle diameter (average particle diameter, central particle diameter) at the 50% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle size, D90 is the particle size at the 90% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle size, and D10 is the particle size according to the particle size It is the particle diameter at the 10% point of the particle number cumulative distribution. Meanwhile, the particle size distribution can be measured using a laser diffraction method.
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g. Microtrac S3500
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g. Microtrac S3500
- a polymer includes a certain monomer as a monomer unit means that the monomer participates in a polymerization reaction and is included as a repeating unit in the polymer.
- this is interpreted as the same as that the polymer includes a monomer as a monomer unit.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are measured using a commercially available monodisperse polystyrene polymer (standard sample) of various degrees of polymerization for molecular weight measurement as a standard material, and gel permeation chromatography (Gel Permeation It is the molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by chromatography; GPC).
- molecular weight means a weight average molecular weight unless otherwise specified.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present specification is an anode current collector layer; a first negative active material layer provided on one side or both sides of the negative current collector layer; and a second negative electrode active material layer provided on a surface opposite to a surface of the first negative active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer, wherein the first negative electrode active material layer includes a first negative electrode active material.
- the second negative active material layer includes a second negative active material layer composition including a second negative active material
- the second negative active material is carbon-based It includes at least one mixture selected from the group consisting of an active material, a silicon-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of alloying with lithium, and a lithium-containing nitride, wherein the silicon-based active material is 1 part by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative active material
- the second negative electrode active material layer provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery that satisfies Formula 1 below.
- A is the discharge capacity of the second negative electrode active material layer
- B means the capacity of pre-lithiation lithium.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application uses a second negative active material layer having a role of a buffer layer in order to properly use the first negative active material included in the first negative active material layer.
- prelithiation can be performed without damaging the first negative electrode active material layer.
- the second negative electrode active material layer of the present application may function as a buffer layer.
- An electrode containing a Si active material has excellent capacitance characteristics compared to an electrode containing SiO or a carbon-based active material.
- the surface of the negative electrode active material layer is deteriorated due to rapid reaction with Li ions during charging and discharging of the electrode including the Si active material. This also occurs during a prelithiation process in which lithium ions are previously included in the negative electrode active material layer.
- the buffer layer is used to prevent direct contact between the Si-based electrode and lithium and to prevent surface deterioration. Therefore, the second negative electrode active material layer of the present invention has the same role and effect as the buffer layer in the pre-lithiation process.
- first negative active material layer composition having high capacity and at the same time includes a second negative active material layer composition to solve lifespan characteristics, and limits the use ratio of silicon-based active material during initial charge and discharge and serves as a reservoir
- second negative active material layer composition to solve lifespan characteristics, and limits the use ratio of silicon-based active material during initial charge and discharge and serves as a reservoir
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- the negative electrode 100 for a lithium secondary battery including the first negative active material layer 20 and the second negative active material layer 30 on one side of the negative current collector layer 30, FIG. It shows that the negative electrode active material layer is formed on one side, but may be included on both sides of the negative electrode current collector layer.
- the first negative active material layer may be formed on the entire surface of the negative electrode current collector layer, and the second negative active material layer may be formed on the entire surface of the first negative active material layer. can be formed in formation.
- the first negative active material layer 20 and the second negative active material layer 30 may be formed on both sides of the negative current collector layer 30 .
- it may have an arrangement of 10>20>30>20>10, and additionally a negative electrode current collector layer such as 10>20>30>20, 10>20>30>10, 10>20>30>10>20, etc.
- both sides of the anode current collector layer preferably have the same composition, and may specifically have a structure of 10>20>30>20>10.
- the negative current collector layer a first negative active material layer provided on one side or both sides of the negative current collector layer; and a second negative active material layer provided on a surface opposite to a surface of the first negative active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer.
- the negative current collector layer generally has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- Such an anode current collector layer is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause chemical change in the battery and has high conductivity.
- a surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like may be used.
- fine irregularities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative active material, and may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and nonwoven fabrics.
- the thickness of the negative current collector layer may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer is 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less
- the thickness of the second negative active material layer is 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness may be variously modified depending on the type and purpose of the negative electrode used, but is not limited thereto.
- the weight loading amount (a) of the first negative electrode active material layer composition satisfies 1.5 times or more of the weight loading amount (b) of the second negative electrode active material layer composition for a lithium secondary battery. provide a cathode.
- the weight loading amount (a) of the first negative active material layer composition is 1.5 times or more and 10 times or less, preferably 2.2 times the weight loading amount (b) of the second negative active material layer composition. A range of more than 6 times or less can be satisfied.
- the weight loading amount may mean the weight of the composition for forming the negative active material layer, and specifically, the weight loading amount of the composition may have the same meaning as the loading amount of the slurry containing the composition.
- the weight loading amount (a) of the first negative active material layer composition is 2 mg/cm 2 or more and 5 mg/cm 2 or less, preferably 2.2 mg/cm 2 or more and 4 mg/cm 2 or less. range can be satisfied.
- the weight loading amount (b) of the second negative electrode active material layer composition is 0.5 mg/cm 2 or more and 1.5 mg/cm 2 or less, preferably 0.8 mg/cm 2 or more and 1.3 mg/cm A range of 2 or less may be satisfied.
- the ratio of active materials included in the first negative active material layer and the second negative active material layer may be adjusted. That is, capacitance characteristics may be optimized by adjusting the amount of the first negative active material included in the first negative active material layer, and capacity characteristics may be improved by adjusting the amount of the second negative active material included in the second negative active material layer. It does not degrade and suppresses the surface reaction of the negative electrode, so that it can have the characteristics of enhancing lifespan characteristics.
- the first negative electrode active material may particularly use pure silicon (Si) particles.
- the first anode active material used in the first anode active material layer of the present invention accompanies a very complex crystal change in a reaction of electrochemically absorbing, storing, and releasing lithium atoms.
- the composition and crystal structure of the silicon particles are Si (crystal structure: Fd3m), LiSi (crystal structure: I41/a), Li 2 Si (crystal structure: C2 /m), Li 7 Si 2 (Pbam), Li 22 Si 5 (F23), etc.
- the volume of the silicon particle expands about 4 times according to the change of the complex crystal structure.
- the silicon particles are destroyed, and as the bond between the lithium atoms and the silicon particles is formed, the insertion site of the lithium atoms initially possessed by the silicon particles is damaged, and the cycle life may be significantly reduced. .
- the pure silicon particles are included in a high content, the capacity characteristics are excellent, but the lifetime reduction characteristics due to the surface non-uniform reaction occur accordingly. Accordingly, the above problem was solved by including the second negative electrode active material layer according to the present invention in a specific weight loading amount.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the first negative electrode active material of the present invention may be 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, specifically 4 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, and more specifically 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter is within the above range, the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is formed within an appropriate range, including the specific surface area of the particles within a suitable range. Accordingly, the dispersion of the particles constituting the negative electrode slurry becomes smooth.
- the size of the first negative electrode active material has a value greater than or equal to the lower limit
- the contact area between the silicon particles and the conductive material is excellent due to the composite made of the conductive material and the binder in the negative electrode slurry, so that the conductive network is likely to continue. This increases the capacity retention rate.
- the average particle diameter satisfies the above range, excessively large silicon particles are excluded to form a smooth surface of the negative electrode, thereby preventing current density non-uniformity during charging and discharging.
- the first negative electrode active material generally has a characteristic BET surface area.
- the BET surface area of the first negative electrode active material is preferably 0.01 m 2 /g to 150.0 m 2 /g, more preferably 0.1 m 2 /g to 100.0 m 2 /g, particularly preferably 0.2 m 2 /g to 80.0 m 2 /g. m 2 /g, most preferably from 0.2 m 2 /g to 18.0 m 2 /g.
- the BET surface area is measured according to DIN 66131 (using nitrogen).
- the first negative active material may exist in a crystalline or amorphous form, for example, and is preferably not porous.
- the silicon particles are preferably spherical or fragment-shaped particles.
- the silicone particles may also have a fibrous structure or be present in the form of a silicone-comprising film or coating.
- the first negative electrode active material may have a non-spherical shape and its sphericity is, for example, 0.9 or less, for example, 0.7 to 0.9, for example 0.8 to 0.9, for example 0.85 to 0.9.
- the circularity (circularity) is determined by the following formula A-1, A is an area, P is a boundary line.
- the first negative active material provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery in which 60 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative active material layer composition.
- the first negative active material may include 60 parts by weight or more, preferably 65 parts by weight or more, and more preferably 70 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative active material layer composition. And, it may include 95 parts by weight or less, preferably 90 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 80 parts by weight or less.
- the second negative active material layer described later is used together, so that the capacity performance of the entire negative electrode is not reduced and charging and discharging are performed.
- the problem of surface deterioration in lithiation, the problem of uniformity during pre-lithiation, and the problem of life characteristics were solved.
- the first negative active material layer composition may include a first negative electrode conductive material; And it may further include one or more selected from the group consisting of a first negative electrode binder.
- first negative electrode conductive material and the first negative electrode binder included in the first negative active material layer composition those used in the art may be used without limitation.
- the first negative electrode conductive material may be a material that can be generally used in the art without limitation, and specifically, a point-shaped conductive material; planar conductive material; And it may include one or more selected from the group consisting of a linear conductive material.
- the point-shaped conductive material may be used to improve conductivity of the negative electrode, and has conductivity without causing chemical change, and means a conductive material having a point-shaped or spherical shape.
- the point-shaped conductive material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black, thermal black, conductive fiber, fluorocarbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, zinc oxide, It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate, titanium oxide, and polyphenylene derivatives, and may preferably include carbon black in terms of high conductivity and excellent dispersibility.
- the point-shaped conductive material may have a BET specific surface area of 40 m 2 /g or more and 70 m 2 /g or less, preferably 45 m 2 /g or more and 65 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 50 m 2 /g or less. /g or more and 60 m 2 /g or less.
- the particle diameter of the dotted conductive material may be 10 nm to 100 nm, preferably 20 nm to 90 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 60 nm.
- the first negative electrode conductive material may include a planar conductive material.
- the planar conductive material is a plate-shaped conductive material or a bulk type conductive material that can improve conductivity by increasing surface contact between silicon particles in the negative electrode and at the same time suppress the disconnection of the conductive path due to volume expansion.
- the planar conductive material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of plate-like graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, and graphite flakes, and preferably may be plate-like graphite.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the planar conductive material may be 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, specifically 3 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, and more specifically 4 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. .
- D50 average particle diameter
- the planar conductive material provides a negative electrode composition in which D10 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, D50 is 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less, and D90 is 7.0 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the planar conductive material is a high specific surface area planar conductive material having a high BET specific surface area; Alternatively, a planar conductive material having a low specific surface area may be used.
- the planar conductive material includes a high specific surface area planar conductive material;
- a planar conductive material with a low specific surface area can be used without limitation, but in particular, the planar conductive material according to the present application can be affected to some extent in the electrode performance by the dispersion effect, so that a planar conductive material with a low specific surface area that does not cause a problem in dispersion is used. may be particularly desirable.
- the planar conductive material may have a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more.
- the planar conductive material may have a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 5 m 2 /g or more. g or more and 250 m 2 /g or less.
- the planar conductive material is a high specific surface area planar conductive material, and the BET specific surface area is 50 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, preferably 80 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, more preferably Preferably, a range of 100 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less may be satisfied.
- the planar conductive material is a planar conductive material with a low specific surface area, and the BET specific surface area is 5 m 2 /g or more and 40 m 2 /g or less, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 30 m 2 /g or less, more preferably Preferably, a range of 5 m 2 /g or more and 25 m 2 /g or less may be satisfied.
- Other conductive materials may include linear conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes may be bundled carbon nanotubes.
- the bundled carbon nanotubes may include a plurality of carbon nanotube units.
- the term 'bundle type' herein means, unless otherwise specified, a bundle in which a plurality of carbon nanotube units are arranged side by side or entangled in substantially the same orientation with axes in the longitudinal direction of the carbon nanotube units. It refers to a secondary shape in the form of a bundle or rope.
- the carbon nanotube unit has a graphite sheet having a cylindrical shape with a nano-sized diameter and an sp2 bonding structure.
- the characteristics of a conductor or a semiconductor may be exhibited according to the angle and structure of the graphite surface being rolled.
- the bundled carbon nanotubes can be uniformly dispersed during manufacturing of the negative electrode, and the conductivity of the negative electrode can be improved by smoothly forming a conductive network in the negative electrode.
- the linear conductive material may include single-walled carbon nanotubes; Alternatively, multi-walled carbon nanotubes may be used.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube is a material in which carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal shape form a tube, and exhibits insulator, conductor, or semiconductor properties depending on its unique chirality, and the carbon atoms are connected by strong covalent bonds. It has tensile strength approximately 100 times higher than that of steel, excellent flexibility and elasticity, and chemically stable properties.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.5 nm to 15 nm. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 1 nm to 10 nm, 1 nm to 5 nm, or 1 nm to 2 nm.
- the single-walled carbon or furnace tubes may be aggregated and present in an entangled state (aggregate). Accordingly, the average diameter is determined by determining the diameter of any entangled single-walled carbon nanotube aggregate extracted from the conductive material dispersion by SEM or TEM, and then determining the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube constituting the aggregate. It can be derived by dividing by the number of
- the BET specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 500 m 2 /g to 1,500 m 2 /g, or 900 m 2 /g to 1,200 m 2 /g, and specifically 250 m 2 /g to 330 m 2 It can be /g.
- the BET specific surface area may be measured through a nitrogen adsorption BET method.
- An aspect ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 50 to 20,000, or a length of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 5 to 100 ⁇ m, or 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio or length satisfies this range, since the specific surface area is high, the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be adsorbed to the active material particles with strong attraction in the negative electrode. Accordingly, the conductive network may be smoothly maintained even when the volume of the negative electrode active material expands.
- the aspect ratio can be confirmed by obtaining an average of the aspect ratios of 15 single-wall carbon nanotubes having a large aspect ratio and 15 single-wall carbon nanotubes having a small aspect ratio when observing the single-wall carbon nanotube powder through an SEM.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes are advantageous in that an electrical network can be constructed using only a small amount because they have a large aspect ratio, a long length, and a large volume.
- the first negative electrode conductive material may satisfy 10 parts by weight or more and 40 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the first negative electrode conductive material is 10 parts by weight or more and 40 parts by weight or less, preferably 10 parts by weight or more and 30 parts by weight or less, more preferably based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode active material layer composition. It may include 15 parts by weight or more and 25 parts by weight or less.
- the first negative electrode conductive material is a dotted conductive material; planar conductive material; and a linear conductive material, wherein the dotted conductive material:planar conductive material:linear conductive material may satisfy a ratio of 1:1:0.01 to 1:1:1.
- the dotted conductive material is 1 part by weight or more and 60 parts by weight or less, preferably 5 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode conductive material. Part or more and 50 parts by weight or less may be satisfied.
- the planar conductive material is 1 part by weight or more and 60 parts by weight or less, preferably 5 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode conductive material. Part or more and 50 parts by weight or less may be satisfied.
- the linear conductive material is 0.01 parts by weight or more and 10 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.05 parts by weight or more and 8 parts by weight or less, more preferably 0.1 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode conductive material. A range of 5 parts by weight or more and 5 parts by weight or less may be satisfied.
- the first negative electrode conductive material is a linear conductive material; And it may include a planar conductive material.
- the first negative electrode conductive material includes a linear conductive material and a planar conductive material, and the ratio of the linear conductive material: planar conductive material may satisfy 0.01:1 to 0.1:1.
- the first negative electrode conductive material includes a point-like conductive material and a planar conductive material, and 45 to 60 parts by weight of the dot-like conductive material based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode conductive material; And it provides a negative electrode composition comprising 40 to 55 parts by weight of the planar conductive material.
- the first negative electrode conductive material includes a point-like conductive material and a planar conductive material, and 45 to 60 parts by weight of the point-like conductive material based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode conductive material, preferably 47 to 58 parts by weight parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 55 parts by weight.
- the first negative electrode conductive material includes a point-like conductive material and a planar conductive material, and 40 to 55 parts by weight of the planar conductive material based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode conductive material, preferably 42 to 53 parts by weight parts by weight, more preferably 45 to 50 parts by weight.
- the ratio of the dot-like conductive material: the planar conductive material may satisfy 1:1.
- the first negative electrode conductive material satisfies the above composition and ratio, it does not significantly affect the lifespan characteristics of an existing lithium secondary battery, and the number of points available for charging and discharging increases, resulting in a high C-rate. has excellent output characteristics.
- the first negative electrode conductive material according to the present application has a completely different configuration from the conductive material applied to the positive electrode. That is, in the case of the first negative electrode conductive material according to the present application, it serves to hold the contact between silicon-based active materials whose volume expansion of the electrode is very large due to charging and discharging. As a role of imparting some conductivity, its configuration and role are completely different from those of the negative electrode conductive material of the present invention.
- the first negative electrode conductive material according to the present application is applied to a silicon-based active material and has a completely different configuration from that of a conductive material applied to a graphite-based active material. That is, the conductive material used in the electrode having the graphite-based active material simply has smaller particles than the active material, so it has characteristics of improving output characteristics and imparting some conductivity, and as in the present invention, the first negative electrode conductive material applied together with the silicon-based active material. are completely different in composition and role.
- the first negative electrode binder is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidenefluoride, polyacrylonitrile ), polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid , ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, polyacrylic acid (polyacrylic acid), and a group consisting of materials in which hydrogen is substituted with Li, Na or Ca, etc. It may include at least one selected from, and may also include various copolymers thereof.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
- the first anode binder serves to hold the first anode active material and the first anode conductive material in order to prevent distortion and structural deformation of the anode structure in volume expansion and relaxation of the first anode active material.
- all general binders can be applied, specifically, a water-based binder can be used, and more specifically, a PAM-based binder can be used.
- the first negative electrode binder is 30 parts by weight or less, preferably 25 parts by weight or less, more preferably 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative active material layer composition. It may include parts by weight or less, and may include 5 parts by weight or more and 10 parts by weight or more.
- the point-type conductive material has hydrophobicity and has excellent bonding strength with the conductive material/binder. have characteristics.
- the second negative electrode active material includes at least one mixture selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based active material, a silicon-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of alloying with lithium, and a lithium-containing nitride, and the silicon-based active material is Based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative electrode active material, it may be 1 part by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less.
- the second negative electrode active material includes a mixture of one or more and three or less selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based active material, a silicon-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of alloying with lithium, and a lithium-containing nitride, wherein the The silicon-based active material may be 1 part by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative electrode active material.
- the second negative electrode active material may include a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material.
- the second negative electrode active material includes a silicon-based active material and a carbon-based active material, and the lithium secondary including 1 part by weight or more and 95 parts by weight or less of the silicon-based active material based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode for a battery is provided.
- the silicon-based active material included in the second negative electrode active material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SiC, and a Si alloy.
- the silicon-based active material included in the second negative electrode active material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SiC, and a Si alloy, and the second negative electrode active material 1 part by weight or more of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) based on 100 parts by weight of the active material may be included.
- the silicon-based active material included in the second negative active material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SiC, and a Si alloy, and the second negative active material 1 part by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, and 99 parts by weight or less of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) based on 100 parts by weight may be included.
- the silicon-based active material included in the second negative electrode active material may include SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the silicon-based active material included in the second negative electrode active material may include SiC.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application includes the second negative active material in the second negative active material layer as described above. Accordingly, the above-described first anode active material maintains high capacity and high density, and at the same time, the second anode active material serves as a buffer layer, and the problem of surface deterioration during charging and discharging, the problem of uniformity and lifespan during pre-lithiation It has characteristics that can solve the problem of characteristics.
- representative examples of the carbon-based active material include natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, carbon fiber, non-graphitizable carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube, fullerene, or activated carbon, If it is commonly used for carbon materials for lithium secondary batteries, it may be used without limitation, and may be specifically processed into a spherical or dotted shape.
- the carbon-based active material includes graphite
- the graphite includes artificial graphite and natural graphite
- the weight ratio of the artificial graphite and natural graphite is 5: 5 to 9.5: 0.5
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery is provided.
- Artificial graphite according to an embodiment of the present invention may be in the form of primary particles or may be in the form of secondary particles in which a plurality of the primary particles are aggregated.
- initial particle refers to the original particle when a different type of particle is formed from certain particles, and a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, combined, or assembled to form secondary particles. can form
- second paricles used in the present invention refers to physically distinguishable large particles formed by aggregating, combining, or assembling individual primary particles.
- the artificial graphite of the primary particles may be prepared by heat-treating at least one selected from the group consisting of needle cokes, mosaic cokes, and coal tar pitch.
- the artificial graphite is generally prepared by carbonizing raw materials such as coal tar, coal tar pitch, and petroleum-based heavy oil at a temperature of 2,500 ° C or higher, and after such graphitization, particle size adjustment such as pulverization and secondary particle formation is performed. can be used as an anode active material.
- particle size adjustment such as pulverization and secondary particle formation is performed.
- crystals are randomly distributed within the particles, and have a slightly pointed shape with a lower degree of sphericity than natural graphite.
- the artificial graphite used in one embodiment of the present invention is MCMB (mesophase carbon microbeads), MPCF (mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber), which are commercially used, artificial graphite graphitized in block form, and artificial graphite graphitized in powder form. There may be graphite and the like.
- the artificial graphite may have a sphericity of 0.91 or less, or 0.6 to 0.91, or 0.7 to 0.9.
- the artificial graphite may have a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the artificial graphite primary particle may have a D50 of 6 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, or 6 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m.
- the primary particles may be formed to a degree of high graphitization, and the orientation index of the negative electrode active material particles may be appropriately secured to improve rapid charging performance.
- the artificial graphite secondary particles may be formed by granulating primary particles. That is, the secondary particles may be a structure formed by aggregating the primary particles through a granulation process.
- the secondary particles may include a carbonaceous matrix that aggregates the primary particles.
- the carbonaceous matrix may include at least one of soft carbon and graphite.
- the soft carbon may be formed by heat-treating pitch.
- the carbonaceous matrix may be included in the secondary particle in an amount of 8% to 16% by weight, specifically 9% to 12% by weight. This range is less than the content of the carbonaceous matrix used in conventional artificial graphite secondary particles. This is because the particle size of the primary particles in the secondary particles is controlled, so that structurally stable secondary particles can be produced even if the content of the carbonaceous matrix required for granulation is small, and the amount of primary particles constituting the secondary particles can be uniform.
- a carbon coating layer may be included on the surface of the artificial graphite secondary particle, and the carbon coating layer may include at least one of amorphous carbon and crystalline carbon.
- the crystalline carbon may further improve conductivity of the anode active material.
- the crystalline carbon may include at least one selected from the group consisting of florene and graphene.
- the amorphous carbon can properly maintain the strength of the coating layer and suppress expansion of the natural graphite.
- the amorphous carbon may be a carbon-based material formed by using at least one carbide selected from the group consisting of tar, pitch, and other organic materials, or a hydrocarbon as a source of chemical vapor deposition.
- the other organic carbide may be an organic carbide selected from carbides of sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, mannose, ribose, aldohexose or ketohexose, and combinations thereof.
- the artificial graphite secondary particle may have a D50 of 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, specifically 12 ⁇ m to 22 ⁇ m, and more specifically 13 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. When the above range is satisfied, the secondary particles of artificial graphite can be evenly dispersed in the slurry, and the charging performance of the battery can be improved.
- the tap density of the artificial graphite secondary particles may be 0.85 g/cc to 1.30 g/cc, specifically 0.90 g/cc to 1.10 g/cc, and more specifically 0.90 g/cc to 1.07 g/cc. can be When the above range is satisfied, it means that since the artificial graphite secondary particles can be smoothly packed in the negative electrode, the negative electrode adhesion can be improved.
- the natural graphite may be in the form of a plate-shaped aggregate before being generally processed, and the plate-shaped particles are spherical particles having a smooth surface through post-processing such as particle grinding and reassembly in order to be used as an active material for electrode manufacturing. It can be made into a form.
- Natural graphite used in one embodiment of the present invention may have a sphericity greater than 0.91 and less than or equal to 0.97, or 0.93 to 0.97, or 0.94 to 0.96.
- the natural graphite may have a particle size of 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the weight ratio of the artificial graphite and the natural graphite is 5:5 to 9.5:0.5, or 5:5 to 9.3:0.7, or 5:5 to 9:1, or 6:4 to 9 : can be 1.
- the weight ratio of the artificial graphite and the natural graphite satisfies this range, more excellent output may be exhibited, and life and rapid charging performance may be advantageous.
- the planar conductive material used as the negative electrode conductive material described above has a different structure and role from the carbon-based active material generally used as the negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based active material used as the negative electrode active material may be artificial graphite or natural graphite, and refers to a material processed into a spherical or dotted shape to facilitate storage and release of lithium ions.
- the planar conductive material used as the negative electrode conductive material is a material having a planar or plate-shaped shape, and may be expressed as plate-shaped graphite. That is, as a material included to maintain a conductive path in the negative active material layer, it means a material used to secure a conductive path in a planar shape inside the negative active material layer, rather than playing a role in storing and releasing lithium.
- plate-like graphite is used as a conductive material means that it is processed into a planar or plate-like shape and used as a material that secures a conductive path rather than a role of storing or releasing lithium.
- the negative active material included together has high capacity characteristics for storing and releasing lithium, and serves to store and release all lithium ions transferred from the positive electrode.
- a carbon-based active material as an active material means that it is processed into a point shape or sphere and used as a material that stores or releases lithium.
- artificial graphite or natural graphite which is a carbon-based active material, may satisfy a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 /g or more and 4.5 m 2 /g or less.
- the plate-like graphite which is a planar conductive material, may have a planar BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more.
- the metal-based active material include Al, Sn, Ag, Bi, Mg, Zn, In, Ge, Pb, Pd, Pt, Ti, Sb, Ga, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, and Ba. It may be a compound containing any one or two or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of. These metal compounds can be used in any form, such as simple elements, alloys, oxides (TiO 2 , SnO 2 , etc.), nitrides, sulfides, borides, and alloys with lithium. It can be.
- the second negative electrode active material provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising 60 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative active material layer composition.
- the second negative active material may be 60 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or less, and 99 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative active material layer composition.
- the second negative active material layer composition according to the present application uses the second negative active material in the above range, which has lower capacity characteristics than the first negative active material but has less particle breakage due to charging and discharging, and does not degrade the capacity performance of the negative electrode. By suppressing the surface reaction, it is possible to have the characteristic of enhancing lifespan characteristics.
- the second negative electrode active material layer composition includes a second negative electrode conductive material; And it provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a second negative electrode binder.
- the same contents as those of the first negative electrode conductive material and the first negative electrode binder may be applied to the second negative electrode conductive material and the second negative electrode binder.
- the second negative electrode active material layer provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery that satisfies Formula 1 below.
- A is the discharge capacity of the second negative electrode active material layer
- B means the capacity of pre-lithiation lithium.
- Equation 1 satisfies a range of 0.5 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 2, preferably a ratio of 0.7 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.8, more preferably 0.9 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.6. can be satisfied.
- the values of the upper and lower limits may be applied in combination. Specifically, values of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 may be used in various combinations. For example, 0.6 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.9, 0.8 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.7, 1.0 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.5, 1.1 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.4, and 1.2 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 1.3.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery has two layers of negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode according to the present application is subjected to a pre-lithiation process in order to limit the use ratio of the silicon-based active material during initial charging and discharging, to prevent deterioration of the electrode surface, and to provide a reservoir role.
- it is characterized in that it has excellent effects by optimizing capacity characteristics and lifetime characteristics by satisfying the prelithiation ratio of Equation 1 based on the discharge capacity of silicon included in the second negative active material layer composition.
- the maximum charging depth for realizing Si's lifetime performance is usually ⁇ 100mV, and the crystalline phase of LixSiy is formed in the range below this range. At this time, if the range of x/y values is 3.75 or more, a crystalline phase is created. Therefore, when the range of Equation 1 is exceeded, the cycle proceeds while Li is deeply charged to the first anode active material of the first anode active material layer, so the volume of Si particles increases and the effect of pulverization is greater, so fading occurs quickly. In addition, when it is less than the range of Equation 1, it is difficult to expect an increase in life characteristics, which is an effect due to prelithiation.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application has a double layer structure by coating the second negative electrode active material layer as a buffer layer of the first negative electrode active material layer. It is characterized in that the maximization of life characteristics was achieved by satisfying the range of Equation 1 while minimizing the
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be pre-lithiated.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present application is composed of a double layer, and in particular, the second negative electrode active material layer having a specific loading amount serves as a buffer layer during pre-lithiation, so that uniform lithiaiton can occur in the depth direction of the electrode during cycle charging and discharging. It also has a role to help.
- preparing a negative current collector layer forming a first negative active material layer by coating a first negative active material layer composition on one or both surfaces of the negative current collector layer; and forming a second negative active material layer by coating a second negative active material layer composition on a surface opposite to the surface of the first negative active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer.
- the second negative electrode active material includes at least one mixture selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based active material, a silicon-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of alloying with lithium, and a lithium-containing nitride, and the silicon-based active material includes 1 part by weight or more and 99 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the second negative electrode active material, and the second negative electrode active material layer satisfies Formula 1.
- the above-described contents may be applied to the composition and content included in each step.
- a step of forming a first negative electrode active material layer by applying a first negative active material layer composition to one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector layer is provided.
- the above step is a step of forming an active material layer on the negative electrode current collector layer, and may mean a step of forming the active material layer on a surface (lower layer) in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer in a double layer structure.
- applying the first negative active material layer composition may include the first negative active material layer composition; and applying and drying a first negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode slurry solvent.
- the solid content of the first negative electrode slurry may satisfy a range of 10% to 40%.
- the forming of the first negative electrode active material layer may include mixing the first negative electrode slurry; and coating the mixed first negative electrode slurry on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector layer, and the coating may be performed using a coating method commonly used in the art.
- the weight loading amount of the above-described first negative active material layer composition may be used as the same meaning as the weight loading amount of the first negative electrode slurry.
- a step of forming a second negative electrode active material by applying a second negative electrode active material layer composition to a surface opposite to a surface of the first negative electrode active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer is provided.
- the above step is a step of forming a second negative electrode active material layer on the first negative electrode active material layer, which means forming the active material layer on the surface (upper layer) away from the negative electrode current collector layer in the double layer structure. can do.
- applying the second negative active material layer composition may include a second negative active material layer composition; and applying and drying a second negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode slurry solvent.
- the solid content of the second anode slurry may satisfy a range of 10% to 40%.
- the forming of the second negative electrode active material layer may include mixing the second negative electrode slurry; and coating the mixed second negative electrode slurry on a surface opposite to a surface of the first negative electrode active material layer in contact with the negative electrode current collector layer.
- a coating method commonly used in the art may be used.
- the weight loading amount of the above-described second negative electrode active material layer composition may be used as the same meaning as the weight loading amount of the second negative electrode slurry.
- the forming of the second negative active material layer may be applied in the same manner as the description of the forming of the first negative active material layer.
- the forming of the second negative active material layer on the first negative active material layer may include a wet on dry process; Or wet on wet (wet on wet) process; it provides a method for producing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a.
- the wet on dry process may refer to a process of applying the first negative active material layer composition, partially or completely drying the composition, and then applying the second negative active material layer composition thereon. there is.
- a first negative electrode slurry mixture (a first negative electrode active material, a first negative electrode conductive agent, a first negative electrode binder, and a first solvent) is prepared and applied to the negative electrode current collector layer. Thereafter, the first negative active material layer is formed by drying the first negative electrode slurry mixture. Thereafter, a second negative electrode slurry mixture is prepared, applied to the first negative electrode active material layer, and dried to form a second negative electrode active material layer. Thereafter, each layer may be rolled and compressed to form a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery according to the present application.
- the wet-on-wet process means a process of applying the first negative active material layer composition and then applying the second negative active material layer composition thereon without drying.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a wet on wet process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
- a first negative electrode slurry mixture is prepared and applied to the negative electrode current collector layer, and at the same time, a second negative electrode slurry mixture is prepared and applied to the first negative electrode slurry mixture, and the first and second Dry the cathode slurry mixture.
- each layer may be rolled and compressed to form a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery according to the present application.
- the forming of the second negative active material layer on the first negative active material layer includes a wet on dry process, and the wet on dry process includes the first negative active material layer.
- the forming of the second negative active material layer on the first negative active material layer includes a wet on wet process, and the wet on wet process includes the first negative active material layer. applying a layer composition; and applying the second negative active material layer composition to the first negative active material layer composition while the first negative active material layer composition is not dried.
- the wet on dry process is to apply the first negative active material layer composition, partially or completely dry it, and then apply the second negative active material layer composition thereon.
- the first negative active material layer and the second negative active material layer may have a clear boundary. Accordingly, the composition included in the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer do not mix and have a feature that can be configured as a double layer.
- the negative electrode slurry solvent may be used without limitation as long as it can dissolve the first negative active material layer composition and the second negative active material layer composition, and specifically, water or NMP may be used.
- the viscosity of the first negative active material layer composition must be lower than the viscosity of the second negative active material layer composition so that mutual mixing can occur in the bonding area and process.
- the second negative active material layer is formed so that the interface between the two layers is clearly divided.
- the second negative active material layer is applied in a state where the first negative active material layer composition is not completely dried (simultaneous application of the first negative active material layer composition and the second negative active material layer composition), mixing occurs at the interface between the two layers. A bonding area is formed.
- the step of pre-lithiation of the negative electrode on which the first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer are formed on the negative electrode current collector layer may include a lithium electrolytic plating process; lithium metal transfer process; lithium metal deposition process; Or it provides a method for producing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP) coating process.
- SLMP stabilized lithium metal powder
- the second negative electrode active material layer includes the above-described second negative electrode active material and is provided as a mixed composition of a silicon-based active material and a carbon-based active material, so that the advantage of rapid charging can be obtained.
- the mixture Since it has a large composition and is irreversible, it can be advantageously applied even during the pre-lithiation process of pre-charging the negative electrode.
- the second anode active material has a second anode active material having the above composition, so that a uniform prelithiation process can be performed on the upper part of the anode electrode, and thus the lifespan can be improved.
- the porosity of the first and second negative electrode active material layers may satisfy a range of 10% or more and 60% or less.
- the porosity of the first and second negative electrode active material layers ranges from 10% to 60%, preferably from 20% to 50%, and more preferably from 30% to 45%. can be satisfied
- the porosity is the active material included in the first and second negative electrode active material layers; conductive material; And it varies according to the composition and content of the binder, and accordingly, the electrical conductivity and resistance of the electrode are characterized by having an appropriate range.
- a secondary battery may include the anode for a lithium secondary battery described above.
- the secondary battery may include a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode described above. Since the cathode has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the cathode may include a cathode current collector layer and a cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector layer and including a cathode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector layer is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and is, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel. A surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used.
- the cathode current collector layer may have a thickness of typically 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and adhesion of the cathode active material may be increased by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the current collector. For example, it may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven fabrics.
- the cathode active material may be a commonly used cathode active material.
- the cathode active material may include layered compounds such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) and lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or compounds substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium iron oxides such as LiFe 3 O 4 ; lithium manganese oxides such as Li 1+c1 Mn 2-c1 O 4 (0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 ; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxides such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Represented by the formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 0.3) Ni site-type lithium nickel oxide; Formula Li
- the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode conductive material and a positive electrode binder together with the positive electrode active material described above.
- the positive electrode conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and in the configured battery, any material that does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity can be used without particular limitation.
- any material that does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity can be used without particular limitation.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the positive electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between particles of the positive electrode active material and adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and the like may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more of them.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ion movement. If it is normally used as a separator in a secondary battery, it can be used without particular limitation. It is desirable Specifically, a porous polymer film, for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may be selectively used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolyte examples include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in manufacturing a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- non-aqueous organic solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyllolactone, 1,2-dimethine Toxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxorane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxorane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphoric acid Triester, trimethoxy methane, dioxolane derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative, ether, methyl propionate, propionic acid
- An aprotic organic solvent such as ethyl may be used.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- an electrolyte having high electrical conductivity can be made and can be used more preferably.
- the metal salt may be a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a material that is soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the anion of the lithium salt is F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N (CN ) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C
- the electrolyte may include, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and triglycerides for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity decrease, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and triglycerides
- Ethyl phosphite triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imida
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same. Since the battery module and the battery pack include the secondary battery having high capacity, high rate and cycle characteristics, a medium or large-sized device selected from the group consisting of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and a power storage system can be used as a power source for
- a negative active material layer composition was prepared.
- a first negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding distilled water as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight).
- the first conductive material is carbon black C (specific surface area: 58 m 2 /g, diameter: 37 nm), and the second conductive material is plate-shaped graphite (specific surface area: 17 m 2 /g, average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 um), , the third conductive material is a carbon nanotube.
- the first conductive material, the second conductive material, the third conductive material, the binder and the water are dispersed using a homo mixer at 2500 rpm, 30 min, and then the active material is added, and then the slurry is dispersed at 2500 rpm, 30 min. did
- both sides of a copper current collector were coated with the first negative electrode slurry at a loading amount of 2.75 mg/cm 2 , rolled, and in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 10 hours After drying, a first negative electrode active material layer (thickness: 33 ⁇ m) was formed.
- SiO average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m
- a first conductive material a first conductive material
- a second conductive material a second conductive material
- polyacrylamide as a binder
- a second negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding distilled water as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight).
- the first conductive material is plate-shaped graphite (specific surface area: 17 m 2 /g, average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 um), and the second conductive material is carbon nanotube.
- a slurry was prepared by dispersing the first conductive material, the second conductive material, the binder and water at 2500 rpm for 30 min using a homo mixer, and then adding the active material and then dispersing at 2500 rpm for 30 min.
- the second negative active material layer (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) was formed.
- prelithiation was performed by transferring lithium metal to the upper portion of the second negative electrode active material layer.
- Pre-lithiation lithium capacity/negative charge capacity first anode active material layer + second anode active material layer
- Pre-lithiation is performed on the cathode and lithiation is performed by combining coin half cells.
- 0.1C CC/CV 5mV, 0,005C cut off, delithiation: Charge/discharge at 0.1C 1.0V CC, (pristine charging capacity - prelithiation electrode charging capacity) Compare whether or not it is the same as the Lithium capacity that proceeded with Lithiation.
- 3) (Pristine charging capacity - prelithiation electrode charging capacity)/Pristine charging capacity * 100 Lithiation dosage (%), and check the amount of lithium loss when prelithiation proceeds.
- a first negative active material layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 SiO (average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, artificial graphite as a carbon-based active material, the first conductive material, the second conductive material, and polyacrylamide as a binder are 30:50: It was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that distilled water was added as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry at a weight ratio of 5:5:10 to prepare a second negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight).
- D50 average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, artificial graphite as a carbon-based active material, the first conductive material, the second conductive material, and polyacrylamide as a binder are 30:50: It was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that distilled water was added as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry at a weight ratio of 5:5:10 to prepare a second negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight
- the first conductive material was carbon black C (specific surface area: 58 m 2 /g, diameter: 37 nm), and the second conductive material was plate-like graphite (specific surface area: 17 m 2 /g, average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 um). .
- Equation 1 satisfied 1.8
- prelithiation dosage satisfied 19.1%.
- the second negative electrode active material layer of Example 1 SiC (average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, a first conductive material, a second conductive material, and polyacrylamide as a binder were prepared in a ratio of 70:19.8:
- a negative electrode was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the second negative electrode active material layer composition was prepared at a weight ratio of 0.2:10 and added to distilled water as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry to prepare a second negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration 25% by weight).
- Equation 1 satisfied 1.6
- the prelithiation dosage satisfied 16.48%.
- a first negative active material layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 SiO (average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, artificial graphite, a first conductive material, a second conductive material, and polyacrylamide as a binder were used in a 50:20:10:10:10 ratio.
- a second negative active material layer composition was prepared in a weight ratio. It was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that distilled water was added as a solvent for forming the anode slurry to prepare a second anode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight).
- the first conductive material is plate-shaped graphite (specific surface area: 17 m 2 /g, average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 um), and the second conductive material is carbon nanotube.
- Equation 1 satisfied 1.5, and the prelithiation dosage satisfied 15.74%.
- An active material layer composition was prepared using Si (average particle diameter (D50): 5 ⁇ m) as a silicon-based active material, a first conductive material, and polyacrylamide as a binder in a weight ratio of 70:20:10.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding distilled water as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight).
- carbon black C (specific surface area: 58 m 2 /g, diameter: 37 nm) is used.
- the slurry was prepared by dispersing the first conductive material, the binder, and water at 2500 rpm for 30 min using a homo mixer, adding the active material, and then dispersing at 2500 rpm for 30 min.
- both sides of a copper current collector were coated with the negative electrode slurry at a loading amount of 85 mg/25 cm 2 , rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 10 hours to obtain a negative electrode An active material layer (thickness: 33 ⁇ m) was formed.
- Equation 1 satisfied 1.6
- the prelithiation dosage satisfied 17.28%.
- Example 1 the negative electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the stacking order of the first negative active material layer and the second negative active material layer was changed. At this time, Equation 1 satisfied 1.6, and the prelithiation dosage satisfied 17.28%.
- the active material layer composition was prepared at a weight ratio of 10:0.2:10.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding distilled water as a solvent for forming the negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration: 25% by weight).
- the first conductive material is carbon black C (specific surface area: 58 m 2 /g, diameter: 37 nm), and the second conductive material is plate-shaped graphite (specific surface area: 17 m 2 /g, average particle diameter (D50): 3.5 um), , the third conductive material is a carbon nanotube.
- the first conductive material, the second conductive material, the third conductive material, the binder, and the water are dispersed at 2500 rpm and 30 min using a homo mixer, and then the active material is added, and then the slurry is prepared by dispersing at 2500 rpm and 30 min. did
- both sides of a copper current collector were coated with the negative electrode slurry at a loading amount of 85 mg/25 cm 2 , rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 10 hours to obtain a negative electrode An active material layer (thickness: 33 ⁇ m) was formed.
- Equation 1 satisfied 1.6
- the prelithiation dosage satisfied 14.8%.
- LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (average particle diameter (D50): 15 ⁇ m) as a cathode active material, carbon black (product name: Super C65, manufacturer: Timcal) as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for forming a positive electrode slurry at a weight ratio of 1.5:1.5 (solid content concentration: 78% by weight).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- both sides of an aluminum current collector were coated with the positive electrode slurry at a loading amount of 537 mg/25 cm 2 , rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 10 hours to obtain a positive electrode
- An active material layer was formed to prepare a positive electrode (anode thickness: 77 ⁇ m, porosity: 26%).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by injecting an electrolyte through a polyethylene separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the electrolyte is an organic solvent in which fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and diethyl carbonate (DMC) are mixed in a volume ratio of 30:70, vinylene carbonate is added in an amount of 3% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte, and LiPF as a lithium salt 6 was added at a concentration of 1M.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- DMC diethyl carbonate
- Capacity retention rate (%) ⁇ (discharge capacity at the Nth cycle)/(discharge capacity at the first cycle) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a graph of RPT capacity retention according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Figure 3 shows a graph of the RPT resistance increase rate according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- RPT according to Examples and Comparative Examples (0.33C / 0.33C, 4.2-3.0V charge / discharge every 50 cycles during in-situ continuous cycle test, measured by 2.5C pulse in the discharge direction at SOC50) means a graph of resistance increase rate do.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6
- Capacity retention rate evaluation (%, @200cycle 88.2 93.56 94.2 89.56 87.5 87.5 84.8 83.8 85.4 84.1 82
- Resistance increase rate (%, @200cycle 17.2 16.5 12.5 16.5 17.8 17.7 25.8 21.8 17 21.8 31 22.2
- the lithium capacity provided by prelithiation compared to the discharge capacity of the second active material layer including the silicon-based active material was adjusted within the range of Equation 1 above.
- Table 2 it has a first negative active material layer composition having a high capacity and at the same time includes a second negative active material layer composition to solve lifespan characteristics, and the use ratio of the silicon-based active material during initial charge and discharge It was confirmed that an excellent effect could be obtained by optimizing the capacity characteristics and lifespan characteristics by limiting and assigning a reservoir role. This corresponds, and Comparative Example 3 corresponds to a case in which prelithiation is not performed.
- Comparative Example 4 satisfies the range of Equation 1, but corresponds to a single layer cathode having 100% pure Si
- Comparative Example 5 satisfies the range of Equation 1, but unlike Example 1, it is a single layer cathode. and the order of the two layers is changed
- Comparative Example 6 corresponds to a case in which the range of Equation 1 is satisfied, but a mixed active material layer of Si and SiO is formed as a single layer.
- the present invention is characterized by a negative electrode having a double layer using the first and second negative electrode active material layers to improve lifespan characteristics and capacity characteristics, and furthermore, to maximize lifespan characteristics, the prelithiation ratio is optimized. It was confirmed through the data of the above examples and comparative examples.
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Abstract
Description
식 1 (0.5 ≤ B/A ≤ 2) |
전리튬화 dosage (%) | |
실시예 1 | 0.9 | 9.27 |
실시예 2 | 1.6 | 16.48 |
실시예 3 | 2 | 20.6 |
비교예 1 | 2.5 | 25.75 |
비교예 2 | 0.3 | 3.1 |
비교예 3 | 0 | 0 |
실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 실시예 4 | 실시예 5 | 실시예 6 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 | 비교예 4 | 비교예 5 | 비교예 6 | |
용량 유지율 평가(%, @200cycle | 88.2 | 93.56 | 94.2 | 89.56 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 84.8 | 83.8 | 85.4 | 84.1 | 82 | 85 |
저항 증가율(%, @200cycle | 17.2 | 16.5 | 12.5 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 17.7 | 25.8 | 21.8 | 17 | 21.8 | 31 | 22.2 |
Claims (11)
- 음극 집전체층; 상기 음극 집전체층의 일면 또는 양면에 구비된 제1 음극 활물질층; 및 상기 제1 음극 활물질층의 상기 음극 집전체층과 접하는 면의 반대면에 구비된 제2 음극 활물질층;을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극으로,상기 제1 음극 활물질층은 제1 음극 활물질을 포함하는 제1 음극 활물질층 조성물을 포함하며, 상기 제2 음극 활물질층은 제2 음극 활물질을 포함하는 제2 음극 활물질층 조성물을 포함하고,상기 제1 음극 활물질은 SiOx (x=0) 및 SiOx (0<x<2)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하며, 상기 제1 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 상기 SiOx (x=0)를 95 중량부 이상 포함하고,상기 제2 음극 활물질은 탄소계 활물질, 실리콘계 활물질, 리튬과 합금이 가능한 금속계 활물질 및 리튬 함유 질화물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하며,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 제2 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 1 중량부 이상 100 중량부 이하이고,상기 제2 음극 활물질층은 하기 식 1을 만족하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극:[식 1]0.5 ≤B/A≤ 2상기 식 1에 있어서,A는 제2 음극 활물질층의 방전 용량이고,B는 전리튬화(Pre-lithiation) 리튬의 용량을 의미한다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 SiOx (0<x<2), SiC, 및 Si 합금으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 SiOx (0<x<2)를 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 활물질은 상기 제1 음극 활물질층 조성물 100 중량부 기준 60 중량부 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 활물질층의 두께는 10μm 이상 200μm 이하이며,상기 제2 음극 활물질층의 두께는 10μm 이상 100μm 이하인 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 활물질층 조성물의 무게 로딩양(a)은 상기 제2 음극 활물질층 조성물의 무게 로딩양(b)의 1.5배 이상을 만족하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 활물질층 조성물은 제1 음극 도전재; 및 제1 음극 바인더로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 더 포함하고,상기 제2 음극 활물질층 조성물은 제2 음극 도전재; 및 제2 음극 바인더로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 도전재 및 상기 제2 음극 도전재는 점형 도전재; 선형 도전재; 및 면형 도전재로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 음극 집전체층을 준비하는 단계;상기 음극 집전체층의 일면 또는 양면에 제1 음극 활물질층 조성물을 도포하여, 제1 음극 활물질층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 제1 음극 활물질층의 상기 음극 집전체층과 접하는 면의 반대면에 제2 음극 활물질층 조성물을 도포하여, 제2 음극 활물질층을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법으로,상기 제1 음극 활물질은 SiOx (x=0) 및 SiOx (0<x<2)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하며, 상기 제1 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 상기 SiOx (x=0)를 95 중량부 이상 포함하고,상기 제2 음극 활물질은 탄소계 활물질, 실리콘계 활물질, 리튬과 합금이 가능한 금속계 활물질 및 리튬 함유 질화물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하며,상기 실리콘계 활물질은 제2 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 1 중량부 이상 100 중량부 이하이고,상기 제2 음극 활물질층은 하기 식 1을 만족하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법:[식 1]0.5 ≤B/A≤ 2상기 식 1에 있어서,A는 제2 음극 활물질층의 방전 용량이고,B는 전리튬화(Pre-lithiation) 리튬의 용량을 의미한다.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 음극 집전체 상에 제1 음극 활물질층 및 제2 음극 활물질층이 형성된 음극을 전리튬화(pre-lithiation)하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 음극을 전리튬화하는 단계는 리튬 전해 도금 공정; 리튬 금속 전사 공정; 리튬 금속 증착 공정; 또는 안정화 리튬 메탈 파우더(SLMP) 코팅 공정을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조 방법.
- 양극;청구항 1 내지 8 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 음극;상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 구비된 분리막; 및전해질;을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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