WO2023282126A1 - 超音波検査装置及び超音波検査方法 - Google Patents
超音波検査装置及び超音波検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-destructive inspection apparatus, and in particular, an ultrasonic inspection apparatus and ultrasonic wave that determine the presence or absence of defects such as delamination existing inside an object to be inspected such as an electronic component and visualize the internal state using ultrasonic waves. It relates to an inspection method.
- a non-destructive inspection method for inspecting defects from an image of an object to be inspected a method of irradiating an object to be inspected with ultrasonic waves and detecting the reflected wave to generate an ultrasonic image to identify defects; There is a method of irradiating the sample with X-rays, detecting the X-rays transmitted through the sample to generate an X-ray image, and identifying defects.
- the reflection characteristics due to the difference in acoustic impedance are used to detect defects that exist in an object to be inspected that has a multilayer structure.
- Ultrasonic waves propagate through liquids and solid substances, and reflected waves (echoes) are generated at interfaces and gaps between substances with different acoustic impedances. Reflected waves from defects such as delamination and voids have a higher intensity than reflected waves from areas without defects. , it is possible to obtain an image in which defects existing in the object to be inspected are actualized.
- the height of the ultrasonic probe that irradiates the object to be inspected and receives the reflected wave is adjusted to the object to be inspected. It is necessary to adjust the focus position so that the ultrasonic beam is most focused on the bonding interface to be inspected (hereinafter referred to as the inspection interface) (hereinafter the focused position is referred to as the focused position).
- Patent Document 1 An evaluation weight is set for each small region in an ultrasound image generated by ultrasound, and the histogram obtained in the small region is weighted based on the evaluation weight. Find the gain and dynamic range to adjust. The image quality is improved by performing gain adjustment and dynamic range adjustment.
- Patent Document 1 The method described in Patent Document 1 is intended for medical ultrasonic diagnostic images, and since the region of interest is known in advance, it is possible to set the evaluation weight in advance. In addition, it cannot be set if the attention area cannot be specified in advance. In addition, since the image quality is adjusted based on the luminance histogram of the generated image, it is not possible to emphasize minute signals that are buried in noise during the image conversion stage due to the weak reflection intensity of the ultrasonic waves. there is a possibility.
- an object of the present invention is to perform non-destructive inspection using ultrasonic waves.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic inspection apparatus and an ultrasonic inspection method that enable high-sensitivity detection of defects.
- an ultrasonic inspection apparatus of the present invention scans the surface of an object to be inspected with an ultrasonic probe, and emits ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic probe toward the object to be inspected.
- an ultrasonic inspection apparatus for receiving a reflected wave returning from the object to be inspected and inspecting an internal state of the object based on the received reflected wave, wherein a processing unit of the ultrasonic inspection apparatus is configured so that a user can A first gate that is a first reception time region to be set and a second gate that is a second reception time region are received, and the ultrasonic probe is scanned to acquire data from a plurality of measurement points on the object to be inspected.
- the reflected signal obtained is corrected in the direction of the reception time axis based on the first gate, and from the reflected signal after the reception time correction, the reflected signal from the inspection interface is extracted based on the second gate.
- the reflected signals are grouped into a plurality of groups, the reflection intensity of the normal portion is estimated as a reference reflection intensity for each group, and an image quality conversion table for nonlinearly converting the reflection intensity based on the estimated reference reflection intensity is calculated. Then, the reflected signal in each group is converted according to the image quality conversion table, the converted reflection intensity is compared with the converted reference reflection intensity to extract a defect, and the converted reflection intensity is extracted in each group.
- An image of the inspection interface is generated from the image of the inspection interface, and a defect map in which the extracted defects are displayed on the image of the inspection interface is output. Other aspects of the present invention are described in embodiments below.
- defects of each inspection interface are obtained from ultrasonic reflected waves collectively obtained by one probe scanning for an object to be inspected having a multilayer structure with a plurality of inspection interfaces. can be detected with high sensitivity.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an ultrasonic inspection apparatus according to a first embodiment
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the detection part of the ultrasonic inspection apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vertical structure of a semiconductor package having a multilayer structure, which is an example of a device under test according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of reflected signals obtained from an object to be inspected having a plurality of bonding interfaces according to the first embodiment, depending on the difference in focus position
- It is a flow chart which shows the processing procedure of the ultrasonic inspection method concerning a 1st embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of behavior of a reflected signal depending on the difference between the defect occurrence depth and the focus position according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of correction of reception time shift of a reflected signal from an interface according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of grouping of reflected waves and normal range setting of intensity according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an overview of image quality conversion and defect determination processing within a group according to the first embodiment; It is a flowchart which shows the processing procedure of the ultrasonic examination method which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between an image and a small window according to the second embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a histogram of brightness within a small window;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an image quality conversion table;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows hardware constitutions, such as a process part of an ultrasonic inspection apparatus.
- 7A and 7B are diagrams showing output examples of a defect detection result and a defect map according to the embodiment;
- the main object of inspection is an electronic component having a multilayer structure such as an IC chip.
- an object to be inspected that has a plurality of bonding interfaces with different depths, including fine mechanical parts and circuit patterns, is irradiated with ultrasonic waves in one probe scan, and each bonding is acquired collectively.
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic inspection apparatus, an ultrasonic inspection method, and a program capable of generating an inspection interface image with good visibility over the entire area from ultrasonic reflected waves from the interface and detecting minute defects on each interface.
- all reflected ultrasonic waves obtained from the measurement region of the object to be inspected are aligned in the time direction by correcting the reception time.
- Each reflected wave after being aligned in the time direction is grouped by reflected waves that are close in both the reception time direction and the azimuth direction, an image quality conversion table (for example, see FIG. 11C) is generated for each group, and an image quality conversion table is generated.
- an image within the group is generated from the reflection intensity within the group.
- each intra-group image is integrated to generate an image of the inspection interface.
- the ultrasonic wave when an ultrasonic wave is irradiated toward the surface of an object to be inspected, the ultrasonic wave propagates inside the object as a characteristic of the ultrasonic wave. Some of the sound waves are reflected. In particular, it is mostly reflected when there is an air gap. For this reason, by capturing the reflected wave from the desired heterogeneous bonding interface (hereinafter referred to as the inspection interface) and imaging its intensity, an ultrasonic inspection image in which defects such as voids and peeling are manifested is generated. be able to.
- a "boundary surface" may be called an "interface.”
- position may be called “place”.
- detection targets are defects at heterogeneous joint interfaces of multi-layer structures.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 includes a detection unit 1, an A/D converter 6, a processing unit 20 (signal processing unit 7, general control unit 8), a scanner 13, a mechanical controller 16, a user interface unit 17, a storage unit 19, and the like. I have.
- the detection unit 1 is configured with an ultrasonic probe 2 (ultrasonic probe) and a flaw detector 3 .
- the flaw detector 3 drives the ultrasonic probe 2 by applying a pulse signal 31 to the ultrasonic probe 2 .
- the ultrasonic probe 2 driven by the flaw detector 3 generates ultrasonic waves U1, which are transmitted to an object to be inspected (sample 5) through water.
- a reflected wave U2 is generated from the surface of the sample 5 or the heterojunction interface.
- the terms "object to be inspected" and "sample” have the same meaning.
- the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic probe 2 are called “transmission waves”, and the ultrasonic waves received by the ultrasonic probe 2 are called “reflected waves”. Also, the reflected wave may be appropriately referred to as “ultrasonic reflected wave”.
- the flaw detector 3 sends the pulse signal 31 to the ultrasonic probe 2 , and the ultrasonic probe 2 converts the pulse signal 31 into ultrasonic waves and impinges them on the sample 5 .
- the ultrasonic probe 2 receives the reflected wave U2 from the sample 5 and sends it to the flaw detector 3 .
- the flaw detector 3 converts the reflected wave 32 into an RF (Radio Frequency) signal 33 and sends it to the processing section 20 (control section) via the A/D converter 6 .
- RF Radio Frequency
- the processing unit 20 sends a control signal to the mechanical controller 16 in order to scan an appropriate portion of the sample 5 using the ultrasonic probe 2, thereby achieving mechanism control.
- Automatic control (scanning) of the ultrasonic probe 2 is performed by a system of processing unit 20 ⁇ mechanical controller 16 ⁇ scanner 13 (see FIG. 2) ⁇ ultrasonic probe 2 ⁇ flaw detector 3.
- FIG. 1 A system of processing unit 20 ⁇ mechanical controller 16 ⁇ scanner 13 (see FIG. 2) ⁇ ultrasonic probe 2 ⁇ flaw detector 3.
- the reflected wave U2 is received by the ultrasonic probe 2 and received by the flaw detector 3 as a reflected wave 32, subjected to necessary processing, and converted into a reflected intensity signal.
- this reflection intensity signal is converted into digital waveform data by the A/D converter 6 and input to the signal processing section 7 .
- the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic waves are performed by sequentially scanning the inspection area on the sample 5 .
- the signal processing unit 7 is a processing unit that processes the reflection intensity signal A/D-converted by the A/D converter 6 to detect internal defects of the sample 5 .
- the signal processing section 7 includes an image generation section 71, a defect detection section 72, a data output section 73, a parameter setting section 74, and the like.
- the image generator 71 performs signal processing, which will be described later, on the waveform data input from the A/D converter 6 to the signal processor 7 . Through this processing, the image generator 71 generates an inspection image (inspection interface image) of each bonded interface of the sample 5 from the digital waveform data.
- the defect detection unit 72 performs processing described later in the image of the inspection interface generated by the image generation unit 71 to detect defects such as delamination and voids.
- the data output unit 73 also generates data to be output as inspection results, such as information on individual defects detected by the defect detection unit 72 and cross-sectional observation images, and outputs the data to the overall control unit 8 .
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the detection unit 1 of the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100.
- a coordinate system 10 indicates a coordinate system of three orthogonal XYZ axes.
- the detection unit 1 has a scanner table 11 and a water tank 12 provided on the scanner table 11 .
- the detection unit 1 also has a scanner 13 that is movable in the XYZ directions and is provided on the scanner table 11 so as to straddle the water tank 12 .
- the scanner table 11 is a base installed substantially horizontally (a plane parallel to the XY plane).
- the Z-axis is the axis along the direction of gravity.
- a water tank 12 is filled with water 14 up to a height indicated by a solid line, and a sample 5 is placed at the bottom (in water) of the water tank 12 .
- the sample 5 is an electronic component, which is mainly a semiconductor package product and includes a multi-layered structure inside.
- the water 14 is a medium necessary for efficiently propagating the ultrasonic waves emitted from the ultrasonic probe 2 inside the sample 5 .
- the ultrasonic probe 2 transmits ultrasonic waves to the sample 5 from the ultrasonic wave emitting part at the lower end and receives the reflected waves returned from the sample 5 .
- the ultrasonic probe 2 is attached to a holder 15 and is freely movable in XYZ directions by a scanner 13 driven by a mechanical controller 16 . As a result, the ultrasonic probe 2 moves in the X and Y directions and receives reflected waves from one or more bonding interfaces of the sample 5 previously accepted by the user (or selected by the signal processing unit 7). , a two-dimensional image of the joint interface within the measurement area (XY plane) can be obtained and defects can be detected.
- the ultrasonic probe 2 is connected via a cable 22 to a flaw detector 3 that converts reflected waves into reflected intensity signals.
- the two-dimensional image obtained by the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 is a cross-sectional image parallel to the XY plane at the depth Z.
- "a cross section along the aaa plane” may be abbreviated as a cross section [aaa].
- a cross section along the XY plane is "cross section [XY]".
- the image generator 71 generates an image from digital data obtained from the A/D converter 6 .
- the digital data is received from the user and returned from the surface and each joint interface in the measurement area [XY] of the sample 5, and the reflected waves received by the ultrasonic probe 2 are converted into A/D It is a conversion.
- the defect detection unit 72 processes the image generated by the image generation unit 71 to expose or detect internal defects.
- the data output unit 73 outputs inspection results obtained by exposing or detecting internal defects in the defect detection unit 72 .
- the parameter setting unit 74 receives parameters such as measurement conditions input from the outside (for example, a user who operates the user interface unit 17 ), and sets the parameters to the image generation unit 71 and the defect detection unit 72 .
- parameters such as measurement conditions input from the outside (for example, a user who operates the user interface unit 17 )
- setting information of the parameter setting unit 74 in the signal processing unit 7 is stored in the storage unit 19 .
- the overall control unit 8 accepts parameters (equivalent to postoperative conditions) and the like from the user. Also, the general control section 8 is connected to the user interface section 17 and the storage section 19 .
- the user interface unit 17 highlights the defect locations detected by the signal processing unit 7 on the inspection interface image, and displays information such as the number of defects and the coordinates and dimensions of each defect.
- the storage unit 19 stores the feature amounts and images of defects detected by the signal processing unit 7 .
- the mechanical controller 16 drives the scanner 13 based on control commands from the general control section 8 .
- the signal processing unit 7, the flaw detector 3, etc. are also driven by commands from the general control unit 8. FIG.
- the hardware configuration of the signal processing unit 7, overall control unit 8, and mechanical controller 16 will be described later using FIG.
- the signal processing unit 7, overall control unit 8, and mechanical controller 16 may be separate hardware as shown in FIG. 1, or may be integrated into common hardware.
- the signal processing section 7 and the overall control section 8 may be integrated into common hardware without integrating the mechanical controller 16 .
- hardware that includes or integrates at least one of the signal processing unit 7, overall control unit 8, and mechanical controller 16 may be simply referred to as a "controller" regardless of whether or not it is integrated. .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a vertical structure of a semiconductor package having a multilayer structure, which is an example of a device under test according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows an object 400 to be inspected, which is an example of the sample 5 .
- An object 400 to be inspected is an electronic component having a multi-layered structure, which is the main object to be inspected, and the diagram schematically shows the vertical structure of the electronic component.
- a coordinate system 401 indicates a coordinate system of three orthogonal axes of XYZ.
- a coordinate system 401 is similar to the coordinate system 10 in FIG.
- a device under test 400 has a semiconductor device 42 bonded onto a printed wiring board 40 in the lowermost layer via solder balls 41 .
- the semiconductor device 42 has a plurality of chips (here, two chips 43 and 45) stacked therein, and the chips are joined by a joint portion 44 which is a TSV (Through Silicon Via).
- the chip and the interposer substrate 46 are produced by bonding via a bump layer 47 which is a microbump. Mold underfilling is performed to seal the periphery of the microbump with a liquid sealing material (underfill, black part in the figure), and overmolding is performed to seal the whole with resin 48 (shaded part in the figure). are carried out and protected from the outside.
- the ultrasonic wave 49 When the ultrasonic wave 49 is incident from the surface side (upper side in the drawing) of the object 400 to be inspected, the ultrasonic wave 49 propagates inside the object 400 to be inspected. The ultrasonic wave 49 is reflected at the surface of the resin 48, the joint 44 with the chips 43 and 45, the bump layer 47, and other places with different acoustic impedances. received.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of reflected signals obtained by different focus positions from an inspection object having a plurality of bonding interfaces, which is an inspection object according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 there is shown a problem of ultrasonic inspection of an object to be inspected which has a multi-layered structure and has a plurality of joint interfaces requiring highly sensitive inspection. It should be noted that hereinafter, when the subject is omitted, the signal processing unit 7 is the subject of processing.
- the bonding interfaces 50 and 51 in FIG. 4 are schematic representations of the bonding portion 44 and the bump layer 47 of the device under test 400 shown in FIG.
- Ultrasonic beams 52 and 53 indicate ultrasonic beams emitted from the ultrasonic probe 2 (see FIG. 1) toward the object to be inspected.
- the position is adjusted.
- the ultrasonic beam 53 is in a state in which the ultrasonic probe 2 is lowered in the Z direction (probe movement) and the focus position is adjusted between the bonding interface 50 and the bonding interface 51 ( ⁇ in the right diagram of FIG. 4).
- the reflected waves 54 and 55 are the ultrasonic beams 52 and 53 in the states of the respective focus positions, and are the reflected waves obtained from the bonding interface 50 .
- the reflection intensity of the reflected wave 55 is smaller than the reflection intensity of the reflected wave 54, indicating that the image of the inspection interface generated based on the reflection intensity also has a low contrast.
- a plurality of inspection interface images are collectively generated by a small number of probe scans, and a minute defect is detected from each generated inspection interface image.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the processing procedure of the ultrasonic inspection method according to the first embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 1 accordingly.
- the detection unit 1 irradiates an object to be inspected (sample 5) with ultrasonic waves and acquires a first reference wave, which is a reflected wave (S101).
- a first reference wave is acquired from an arbitrary position within the measurement area. Note that the first reference wave may be obtained from at least one point in the XY plane in the measurement area.
- the acquired first reference wave is displayed on the user interface section 17 (display section).
- the processing unit 20 receives setting conditions for generating an inspection interface image, which will be described later, based on the first reference wave (S120). The reception is performed by the user who visually recognizes the first reference wave and inputs the setting condition to the user interface unit 17 (S121).
- the setting conditions include, for example, a first gate, S gate (time range, intensity threshold), a second gate, F gate (time range) for generating an inspection interface image, which will be described later. and the polarity of the reflected wave to generate the image. Note that the setting conditions are an example of the parameters described above.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the behavior of the reflected signal due to the difference between the depth of defect occurrence and the focus position according to the first embodiment.
- Reflected signal waveforms 60 to 65 are reflected waves obtained from the sample 5 consisting of two bonded interfaces.
- interface F2 the focus position on the lower bonding interface
- the reflection signal waveforms 62 and 63 in the middle are the focus positions between the two bonding interfaces (interfaces F1 and F2).
- reflected wave of Reflected signal waveforms 60, 62 and 64 in the left column are defects present at the interface F1
- reflected signal waveforms 61, 63 and 65 in the right column are defects present at the interface F2.
- a solid-line rectangle 67a is the reception time of the reflected wave from the defect on the interface F1
- a broken-line rectangle 68a is the reception time of the reflected wave from the defect on the interface F2.
- the focus position is set to a state like the reflected signal waveforms 62 and 63 in the middle row, the first reference wave is acquired and displayed, and setting conditions from the user are accepted.
- the gate 66b in the reflected signal waveform 62 or reflected signal waveform 63 is an S gate for detecting the reflected wave from the surface, and the gate 67b is for detecting the reflected wave from the bonding interface and generating an image of the inspection interface.
- the user sets the number of bonding interfaces to "2" and the polarity to "-".
- one F gate with a wide time width is set so as to cover the reception time of the reflected waves from both interfaces F1 and F2. It is also possible to set an F gate for each junction interface.
- the processing unit 20 acquires reflected ultrasonic waves from each measurement point while scanning the measurement area based on the conditions accepted in S120 (S102).
- a reflected wave from the surface (hereinafter referred to as a surface echo) that exceeds the height is detected (S103).
- the processing unit 20 adjusts the time of the reflected wave based on the detected reception time of the surface echo (S104). That is, the processing unit 20 aligns each reflected wave with the surface echo of the first reference wave so that the surface echo of each reflected wave coincides on the time axis, and the reflected wave with the time width set by the F gate ( Interface echo) is extracted (S105).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of correction of the reception time shift of the reflected signal from the interface according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the reflected signal waveform.
- a reflected signal waveform 70 is an interface echo of reflected waves obtained from four measurement points (a reflected wave in the F gate is cut out), and has variations in the time direction.
- a reflected signal waveform 70A is an interface echo extracted from the reflected wave adjusted based on the reception time lag of the surface echo. The reception time is adjusted based on the surface echo, but it is also possible to adjust the time based on a specific local peak within the F gate.
- the processing unit 20 determines whether or not the processing of the total reflected waves in the measurement area has ended (S106). If there is (S106 ⁇ Yes), the process proceeds to S107.
- the processing unit 20 divides the obtained interfacial echoes of the entire measurement area into groups according to the time domain/spatial domain (grouping).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of grouping of reflected waves and normal range setting of intensity according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the grouping.
- Structure 80 outlines the structure of Sample 5; There are two bonding interfaces 80a and 80b having different depths (in the Z direction) inside. It also shows that there are two types of structures XY1 and XY2 in the azimuth space (XY plane).
- interface echoes are grouped into two groups for the time domain, namely, the bonding interfaces 80a and 80b, and three groups for the spatial domain, the structures XY1, XY2, and others.
- Reflected signal waveform 81 is an example of grouping the area of structure XY1 into time areas Z1 and Z2 (groups 81a and 81b).
- reflected signal waveform 82 is an example of grouping the area of structure XY2 into time areas Z1 and Z2.
- An example (groups 82a and 82b) is shown. The number of divisions of the time domain is assumed to correspond to the number of bonding interfaces of the conditions accepted in S120 (see FIG. 5).
- the processing unit 20 estimates the reflected wave of the normal portion (not the reflected wave of the defective portion) and the normal variation in each group (S108).
- Reflected waves within the group may also include reflected waves from defects, so for the normal part, the average or median value of the reflected waves within the group may be adopted, or from the maximum intensity histogram A value that takes the maximum frequency may be used.
- the variation is obtained based on the standard deviation of the maximum intensity histogram. .alpha.1, .alpha.2, .beta.1, and .beta.2 in FIG. 8 indicate the calculated variations in the normal portion.
- the processing unit 20 calculates an image quality conversion table for improving image quality and making defects visible (S109).
- the image quality conversion table is a table that non-linearly converts reflection intensity.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an overview of image quality conversion and defect determination processing within a group according to the first embodiment.
- coefficients set in the image quality conversion tables of groups 81a, 81b, 82a, and 82b are indicated by up and down arrows ( ⁇ ).
- ⁇ up and down arrows
- an example is shown in which the coefficient for extending the reflection intensity in each group is set by the gain, but a coefficient having logarithmic or exponential characteristics may be used.
- the processing unit 20 performs image quality conversion by converting the total reflection intensity value using the coefficient set in the image quality conversion table (S110).
- the reflected wave at the measurement point is compared with the normal portion reflected wave (estimated value) that has undergone image quality conversion in the same manner, and portions where the difference is greater than a preset threshold value are extracted as defects (S111).
- Reflected signal waveforms 91 and 92 in FIG. 9 described above are the differences between the reflected waves of the reflected signal waveforms 81 and 82 and the reflected waves from the normal portion after image quality conversion.
- a uniform threshold value is set to show that defects are detected from the interfaces F1 and F2.
- the processing unit 20 extracts from each reflected wave a representative value for generating an image whose image quality is improved by image quality conversion (S112).
- the representative value may be the maximum intensity value in the F gate of the reflected wave at each measurement point, or the maximum intensity from the number of interfaces in the F gate (here, two time regions Z1 and Z2). You may
- the processing unit 20 determines whether or not all groups have finished (S113), and if not (S113 ⁇ No), returns to S108, and if finished (S113 ⁇ Yes), proceeds to S114.
- the processing unit 20 reconstructs an image of the entire measurement area subjected to image quality conversion using the extracted representative value (S114).
- one representative value is set in S112
- one image in which the interface F1 and the interface F2 are integrated is generated, and when the representative value is generated from each time region, an image for each interface is generated. be.
- the processing unit 20 generates a defect map by emphasizing (coloring, etc.) the defects detected in S111 on the reconstructed image of the measurement area after image quality conversion (S115).
- the representative value is set to 1 in S112, and finally, the defect detected in S111 is emphasized (eg, colored) on the reconstructed image after image quality conversion.
- defects are displayed in different colors for each detected group (depth).
- depth When reconstructed into an image for each interface in the F gate, the defect is highlighted on each reconstructed image.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an output example of defect detection results and defect maps according to the embodiment.
- An image 1300 is the result of comparing the reflection intensity of the inspection interface before image quality conversion with the estimated normal part reflection intensity
- an image 1301 is the result of image quality conversion and comparison. Defects with different depths exist in the area surrounded by circles, but the defects become apparent by converting the image quality.
- An image 1302 is a defect map in which the detected defects are superimposed on the inspection interface image after image quality conversion, with hatch patterns changed according to the reception time (that is, depth). Defects can be confirmed at a glance.
- grouping according to the spatial region of the reflection intensity is performed based on the difference in structures in the space in the azimuth direction (XY plane), and an example of generating the image quality conversion table has been shown.
- the image quality conversion table may be generated dynamically.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure of an ultrasonic inspection method according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is the same as the process of extracting the interface echo from the reflected waves of the entire measurement area from S101, S120, S102 to S105 of FIG. 5 by the F gate. Description of the same processing is omitted.
- the processing unit 20 after extracting the interface echo (S105), the processing unit 20 extracts the representative value (S206) in the same manner as in S112. The processing unit 20 determines whether or not the processing of the total reflected wave within the measurement region has ended (S207). Yes) goes to S208.
- the processing unit 20 generates an inspection interface image in which the representative value is the luminance value of the image. You can just leave it as an array in memory. This is, of course, the interface inspection image (data array) based on the representative value of the reflected intensity of the ultrasound within the F gate before image quality conversion.
- the processing unit 20 sets a small window on the generated inspection image (S209), and dynamically calculates an image quality conversion table based on the distribution of luminance values within the small window (S210).
- the processing unit 20 converts the luminance value of each pixel in the small window based on the calculated image quality conversion table (S211). Then, the processing unit 20 moves the small window on the inspection image (S212), and performs defect detection processing by setting a threshold on the image whose image quality has been converted (S213).
- the processing unit 20 determines whether or not the processing within all images has been completed (S214). If the processing within all images has not been completed (S214 ⁇ No), the process returns to S209. S214 ⁇ Yes) proceeds to S114.
- the processing unit 20 generates an image of the entire inspection interface from the transformed images within each small window (S114). Finally, the processing unit 20 generates a defect map by emphasizing (coloring, etc.) the defects detected in S213 on the reconstructed image of the measurement region after image quality conversion (S115). The defect is highlighted on the image of the interface to be inspected before image quality conversion generated in S208.
- defect highlighting is displayed superimposed on either the image before image quality conversion or the image after image quality conversion. It is also possible to superimpose the output on deconvolution processing or the like that removes the factor of image deterioration due to the spread of the ultrasonic beam.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram showing the relationship between an image and small windows according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram showing a histogram of brightness within a small window.
- FIG. 11C is a diagram showing an example of an image quality conversion table. An example of a method for calculating image quality conversion coefficients according to the second embodiment is shown with reference to FIGS. 11A to 11C.
- An image 1100 shown in FIG. 11A is an image of the inspection interface generated in S208.
- Small window 1101 is an example of a small window set in image 1100 of the inspection interface.
- a histogram 1102 shown in FIG. 11B is a histogram of luminance within the small window of the image 1100, where the horizontal axis is the luminance value and the vertical axis is the number of pixels of each luminance value within the small window.
- the luminance range W including the luminance value M having the peak (maximum frequency) of the histogram is determined from the standard deviation.
- An image quality conversion table 1103 shown in FIG. 11C is an example of a calculated image quality conversion table.
- the horizontal axis is the luminance value before conversion
- the vertical axis is the luminance value after conversion.
- linear transformation is performed outside the selected luminance range W
- transformations 1104 and 1105 are performed within the luminance range W.
- FIG. That is, the image quality conversion table is a table for nonlinear conversion. It is also possible to generate and output two image quality-converted images using two types of conversion coefficients, or to integrate them into one image and output them.
- the input and output luminance ranges (gradation widths) of the image quality conversion table described above may be the same or different. For example, it is possible to convert a value in the 8-bit range to an 8-bit range so as to emphasize a specific gradation. It is also possible to compress the gradation range while maintaining . Also, the small window set in the image may be the same as the entire measurement area.
- design data layout data
- design data layout data
- number of image quality conversion tables is not limited to two, and it is possible to have a plurality of types.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration such as a processing section of the ultrasonic inspection apparatus.
- a computer 1200 shown in FIG. 12 is one of implementation forms of the processing unit 20 (the signal processing unit 7 and the overall control unit 8), the user interface unit 17, and the storage unit 19 shown in FIG. Note that each unit may be implemented by a plurality of computers 1200 . For example, a plurality of computers 1200 may perform parallel computation.
- a tablet computer having the user interface unit 17 may also be included.
- the computer 1200 has a memory 1201, a processor 1202, a storage device 1203 such as an HD (Hard Disk), a communication unit 1204 such as a NIC (Network Interface Card), a user interface unit 1205, and the like.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- a GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- other semiconductor devices may be used as long as they are the subject that executes predetermined processing.
- the program stored in the storage device 1203 is loaded into the memory 1201, and the loaded program is executed by the processor 1202.
- This implements the functions of the image generation unit 71, the defect detection unit 72, the data output unit 73, the parameter setting unit 74, and the overall control unit 8 shown in FIG.
- the storage device 1203 can also correspond to the storage unit 19 in FIG.
- the computer 1200 may have a display, a touch panel, a mouse, and a keyboard as the user interface unit 17 .
- the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 obtains ultrasonic reflected waves at each measurement point obtained from an object having a complicated and multi-layered structure in a single probe scan.
- the wave is divided in the reception time direction and the azimuth direction, and for each of the same reception time region and the same azimuth space region, an image quality conversion table is adaptively calculated from the included ultrasonic wave reflection intensity, and is stored in the image quality conversion table. Based on this, it has means for transforming the ultrasound reflection intensity to generate an image.
- the apparatus also has means for specifying defects for each reception time domain and for each azimuth space domain, and displaying the defects in the generated image by differentiating colors for each reception time domain.
- a signal with a wide dynamic range and a wide range of reflected intensities of ultrasonic waves can be converted to a narrower dynamic range to generate an inspection image in which the entire inspection area is highly contrasted, enabling the detection of microscopic defects with weak reflected intensities. becomes possible.
- a high-sensitivity inspection can be realized by repeatedly adjusting the focus position for each inspection interface and scanning the inspection area with a probe, but the problem is that the data acquisition time increases.
- the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 of the present embodiment for an object having a multilayer structure with a plurality of inspection interfaces, defects at each inspection interface are identified from ultrasonic reflected waves collectively acquired by one probe scanning. Highly sensitive detection is possible. As a result, it is possible to achieve both high-speed inspection processing and high-sensitivity inspection.
- the ultrasonic inspection apparatus of this embodiment described above has the following features.
- An ultrasonic probe (for example, the ultrasonic probe 2) scans the surface of the object to be inspected 400, emits ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic probe toward the object to be inspected 400, and reflects back from the object to be inspected 400.
- the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 receives waves and inspects the internal state of an object 400 to be inspected based on the received reflected waves.
- the processing unit 20 of the ultrasonic inspection apparatus 100 has a first gate (for example, S gate) that is a first reception time region set by the user and a second gate (for example, F gate) that is a second reception time region. Gate) is received (S120 in FIG.
- the reflection signals obtained from a plurality of measurement points of the object to be inspected by scanning the ultrasonic probe are corrected in the reception time axis direction based on the first gate.
- the reflected signal from the inspection interface is extracted based on the second gate from the reflected signal after the reception time correction (S105).
- the processing unit 20 groups the extracted reflected signals into a plurality of groups (S107), estimates the reflection intensity of the normal portion as a reference reflection intensity for each group (S108), and calculates the reflection intensity based on the estimated reference reflection intensity. is calculated (S109), the reflection signal in each group is converted according to the image quality conversion table (S110), and the converted reflection intensity is compared with the reference reflection intensity after conversion to determine the defect is extracted (S111).
- An image of the inspection interface is generated from the reflection intensity converted within each group (S114), and a defect map displaying the extracted defects on the image of the inspection interface can be output (S115).
- the ultrasonic inspection apparatus of the present embodiment for an object to be inspected having a multilayer structure with a plurality of inspection interfaces, the height of defects at each inspection interface is determined from the ultrasonic reflected waves collectively acquired by one probe scanning. Sensitive detection is possible.
- Grouping of reflected signals can be based on either or both of the reception time domain and the azimuth space domain (see FIGS. 8 and 9).
- the second gate is one time range that includes reflected waves from multiple interfaces (see FIG. 6).
- the defect is a defect map color-coded according to groups grouped based on the reception time region.
- FIG. 6 one setting of F gate with a wide time width is accepted, and defects detected in the F gate are displayed on one defect map by changing the display method according to the depth of occurrence as shown in FIG. By overlapping the display, it is possible to reduce the time required for the user to set the F gate.
- the user estimates the generation time of the reflected wave from each interface from the first reference wave, includes the reflected wave from the interface, and the reflected wave from another interface. It is necessary to set the start time and time width of the F gate so as not to include . Then, it is necessary to visually check the images of the interface F1 and the interface F2 generated based on the two set gates, and if the desired image is not obtained, it is necessary to repeat the work of readjusting the F gate. rice field.
- the gates are only set roughly so as to cover reflected waves from multiple interfaces.
- the occurrence of defects in the time domain and the spatial domain can be visualized at the same time, so it is possible to reduce the time required for the user to check and analyze the defect detection results.
- the defect map of the detected defects is superimposed and highlighted on the image of the inspection interface before intensity conversion, the image of the inspection interface after intensity conversion, and the image of the inspection interface after image quality conversion by another method (Fig. 13). reference).
- the processing unit 20 groups the extracted reflected signals for each of a plurality of reflected waves obtained from measurement points within a certain distance in the azimuth direction (S209 in FIG. 10).
- the reflection intensity of the normal portion is estimated as the reference reflection intensity (see luminance value M in FIG. 11), and an image quality conversion table for nonlinearly converting the reflection intensity is calculated based on the estimated reference reflection intensity (S210).
- the reflection signal in each group is converted according to the image quality conversion table (S211), and the converted reflection intensity is compared with the reference reflection intensity after conversion or a preset threshold to extract defects (S213). ), an image of the inspection interface is generated from the reflection intensity converted within each group (S114), and a defect map displaying the extracted defects on the image of the inspection interface can be output (S115).
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Abstract
Description
なお、説明の簡易化のため、2.5次元、3次元半導体パッケージング製品といった複数の電子デバイスが積層されて形成された多層構造を有する被検査体を例として説明する。ただし、本発明は以下に示す実施形態の記載内容に限定して解釈されるものではない。本発明の思想ないし趣旨から逸脱しない範囲で、その具体的構成を変更し得ることは当業者であれば容易に理解される。
図1は、第1実施形態に係る超音波検査装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。超音波検査装置100は、検出部1、A/D変換器6、処理部20(信号処理部7、全体制御部8)、スキャナ13、メカニカルコントローラ16、ユーザインターフェース部17、記憶部19などを備えている。
図3は、第1実施形態に係る被検査体の一例である多層構造体をもつ半導体パッケージの縦構造を示す模式図である。図3は、試料5の一例である被検査体400を示す。被検査体400は、主な検査対象となる多層構造を有する電子部品であり、本図では電子部品の縦構造を模式的に示している。座標系401はXYZの直交3軸の座標系を示している。座標系401は、図3の座標系10と同様の座標系である。
図5は、第1実施形態に係る超音波検査方法の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。適宜、図1を参照する。
図10は、第2実施形態に係る超音波検査方法の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。図10は、図5のS101、S120、S102~S105までの全測定領域の反射波からFゲートにより界面エコーを抽出する処理と同様である。同一処理については説明を省略する。
図12は、超音波検査装置の処理部等のハードウェア構成を示す図である。図12に示す計算機1200は、図1に示す処理部20(信号処理部7、全体制御部8)、ユーザインターフェース部17、記憶部19の実現形態の一つである。なお、各部は複数の計算機1200で実現してもよい。例えば、複数の計算機1200で並列計算を行ってもよい。また、ユーザインターフェース部17を備えるタブレット計算機を含めてもよい。
超音波探触子(例えば、超音波プローブ2)で被検査体400の表面を走査し、超音波探触子から被検査体400に向けて超音波を出射し、被検査体400から戻る反射波を受信し、受信した反射波に基づき被検査体400の内部状態を検査する超音波検査装置100である。超音波検査装置100の処理部20は、ユーザが設定する第1の受信時間領域である第1のゲート(例えば、Sゲート)と第2の受信時間領域である第2のゲート(例えば、Fゲート)を受け付け(図5のS120)、超音波探触子を走査して被検査体の複数の測定点より得られる反射信号を、第1のゲートに基づき、受信時間軸方向の補正を行い(図5のS104)、受信時間補正後の反射信号より、第2のゲートに基づき、検査界面からの反射信号を抽出する(S105)。
2 超音波プローブ(超音波探触子)
3 探傷器
4 反射波
5 試料
6 A/D変換器
7 信号処理部
8 全体制御部
11 スキャナ台
12 水槽
13 スキャナ
15 ホルダ
16 メカニカルコントローラ
17 ユーザインターフェース部
19 記憶部
20 処理部
44 接合部
47 バンプ層
50,51 接合界面
52,53 超音波ビーム
66b ゲート(第1のゲート、Sゲート)
67b ゲート(第2のゲート、Fゲート)
70,70A 反射信号波形
71 画像生成部
72 欠陥検出部
73 データ出力部
100 超音波検査装置
400 被検査体
1100 画像
1101 小ウィンドウ
1102 ヒストグラム
1103 像質変換テーブル
1300 画像(強度変換前の検査界面の画像)
1301 画像(強度変換後の検査界面の画像)
1302 画像(欠陥マップ)
F1,F2 界面
M 輝度値
W 輝度範囲
Claims (14)
- 超音波探触子で被検査体の表面を走査し、前記超音波探触子から被検査体に向けて超音波を出射し、前記被検査体から戻る反射波を受信し、前記受信した反射波に基づき前記被検査体の内部状態を検査する超音波検査装置であって、
前記超音波検査装置の処理部は、
ユーザが設定する第1の受信時間領域である第1のゲートと第2の受信時間領域である第2のゲートを受け付け、前記超音波探触子を走査して被検査体の複数の測定点より得られる反射信号を、前記第1のゲートに基づき、受信時間軸方向の補正を行い、受信時間補正後の反射信号より、前記第2のゲートに基づき、検査界面からの反射信号を抽出し、
抽出した反射信号を複数のグループにグルーピングし、
グループ毎に、正常部の反射強度を基準反射強度として推定し、前記推定した基準反射強度に基づいて反射強度を非線形に変換する像質変換テーブルを算出し、各グループ内の反射信号を前記像質変換テーブルに従って変換し、前記変換した反射強度を変換後の前記基準反射強度と比較して欠陥を抽出し、
前記各グループ内で変換された反射強度から検査界面の画像を生成し、前記抽出した欠陥を検査界面の画像上に表示した欠陥マップを出力する
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 請求項1に記載の超音波検査装置において、
前記反射信号のグルーピングは、受信時間領域、及び方位空間領域のいずれか、または両方に基づいて行う
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 請求項1に記載の超音波検査装置において、
前記第2のゲートは、複数の界面の反射波が含まれる1つの時間範囲である
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 請求項1に記載の超音波検査装置において、
前記第2のゲートから生成される検査画像及び欠陥マップは1枚であり、欠陥は受信時間領域を基にグルーピングされたグループに応じて色分けされた欠陥マップである
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 請求項1に記載の超音波検査装置において、
前記検出された欠陥による欠陥マップは、強度変換前の検査界面の画像、強度変換後の検査界面の画像、別の手法で像質変換された検査界面の画像に重ねて強調表示される
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 超音波探触子で被検査体の表面を走査し、前記超音波探触子から被検査体に向けて超音波を出射し、前記被検査体から戻る反射波を受信し、前記受信した反射波に基づき前記被検査体の内部状態を検査する超音波検査装置であって、
前記超音波検査装置の処理部は、
ユーザが設定する第1受信時間領域である第1のゲートと第2の受信時間領域である第2のゲートを受け付け、前記超音波探触子を走査して被検査体の複数の測定点より得られる反射信号を、前記第1のゲートに基づき、受信時間軸方向の補正を行い、受信時間補正後の反射信号より、前記第2のゲートに基づき、検査界面からの反射信号を抽出し、
抽出した反射信号を方位方向の一定距離内の測定点より得られた複数の反射波毎にグルーピングし、
グループ毎に、正常部の反射強度を基準反射強度として推定し、前記推定した基準反射強度に基づいて反射強度を非線形に変換する像質変換テーブルを算出し、各グループ内の反射信号を前記像質変換テーブルに従って変換し、前記変換した反射強度を変換後の前記基準反射強度、もしくは事前に設定されたしきい値と比較して欠陥を抽出し、
前記各グループ内で変換された反射強度から検査界面の画像を生成し、前記抽出した欠陥を検査界面の画像上に表示した欠陥マップを出力する
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の超音波検査装置において、
前記反射信号の前記像質変換テーブルは1つまたは複数種であり、得られる強度変換後の画像及び欠陥マップは1枚である
ことを特徴とする超音波検査装置。 - 超音波探触子で被検査体の表面を走査し、前記超音波探触子から被検査体に向けて超音波を出射し、前記被検査体から戻る反射波を受信し、前記受信した反射波に基づき前記被検査体の内部状態を検査する超音波検査方法であって、
ユーザが設定する第1の受信時間領域である第1のゲートと第2の受信時間領域である第2のゲートを受け付け、前記超音波探触子を走査して被検査体の複数の測定点より得られる反射信号を、前記第1のゲートに基づき、受信時間軸方向の補正を行い、受信時間補正後の反射信号より、前記第2のゲートに基づき、検査界面からの反射信号を抽出するステップと、
抽出した反射信号を複数のグループにグルーピングするステップと、
グループ毎に、正常部の反射強度を基準反射強度として推定し、前記推定した基準反射強度に基づいて反射強度を非線形に変換する像質変換テーブルを算出し、各グループ内の反射信号を前記像質変換テーブルに従って変換し、前記変換した反射強度を変換後の前記基準反射強度と比較して欠陥を抽出し、前記各グループ内で変換された反射強度から検査界面の画像を生成し、前記抽出した欠陥を検査界面の画像上に表示した欠陥マップを出力するステップと、を有する
ことを特徴とする超音波検査方法。 - 請求項8に記載の超音波検査方法において、
前記反射信号のグルーピングは、受信時間領域、及び方位空間領域のいずれか、または両方に基づいて行う
ことを特徴とする超音波検査方法。 - 請求項8に記載の超音波検査方法において、
前記第2のゲートは、複数の界面の反射波が含まれる1つの時間範囲である
ことを特徴とする超音波検査方法。 - 請求項8に記載の超音波検査方法において、
前記第2のゲートから生成される検査画像及び欠陥マップは1枚であり、欠陥は受信時間領域を基にグルーピングされたグループに応じて色分けされた欠陥マップである
ことを特徴とする超音波検査方法。 - 請求項8に記載の超音波検査方法において、
前記検出された欠陥による欠陥マップは、強度変換前の検査界面の画像、強度変換後の検査界面の画像、別の手法で像質変換された検査界面の画像に重ねて強調表示されることを特徴とする超音波検査方法。 - 請求項8に記載の超音波検査方法において、
前記抽出した反射信号を複数のグループにグルーピングするステップに代えて、
前記抽出した反射信号を方位方向の一定距離内の測定点より得られた複数の反射波毎にグルーピングする
ことを特徴とする超音波検査方法。 - 請求項8から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の超音波検査方法において、
前記反射信号の前記像質変換テーブルは1つまたは複数種であり、得られる強度変換後の画像及び欠陥マップは1枚である
ことを特徴とする超音波検査方法。
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