WO2023276578A1 - 積層体、積層体の製造方法、及びパターン形成方法 - Google Patents
積層体、積層体の製造方法、及びパターン形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023276578A1 WO2023276578A1 PCT/JP2022/022906 JP2022022906W WO2023276578A1 WO 2023276578 A1 WO2023276578 A1 WO 2023276578A1 JP 2022022906 W JP2022022906 W JP 2022022906W WO 2023276578 A1 WO2023276578 A1 WO 2023276578A1
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- photosensitive resin
- solvent
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- semiconductor substrate
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- 229940066771 systemic antihistamines piperazine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WUPCFMITFBVJMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CC(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 WUPCFMITFBVJMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXTIBZLKQPJVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilicon Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)CC QXTIBZLKQPJVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AANIRNIRVXARSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M trifluoromethanesulfonate;trimethylsulfanium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AANIRNIRVXARSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfonium triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXQORBBJALXKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]phenyl]sulfanium Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(OC(C)(C)C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 PNXQORBBJALXKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-BJUDXGSMSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[11CH3] RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011995 wilkinson's catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0757—Macromolecular compounds containing Si-O, Si-C or Si-N bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/162—Coating on a rotating support, e.g. using a whirler or a spinner
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/80—Siloxanes having aromatic substituents, e.g. phenyl side groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate, a method for manufacturing the laminate, and a pattern forming method using the laminate.
- silicon through-silicon vias that can vertically penetrate and electrically connect substrates or dies in order to stack multiple semiconductor packages within a single semiconductor package.
- a SiO 2 film is used as an insulating layer in forming the wiring layer in the TSV.
- CVD it is difficult to form a flat film as the TSV becomes deeper.
- thin polished wafers are used, so a resin adhesive is required to bond the support wafer to support them, and CVD has to be performed at a low temperature of around 200°C.
- an insulating layer with a resin material has also been proposed.
- forming methods include a printing method, a spray method (Patent Document 1), an inkjet method (Patent Document 2), a spin coating method, a dip coating method, or a laminating method.
- a method of forming an insulating layer only on the sidewall portion by burying the TSV once using a photocurable resin and opening the VIA by exposure. At this time, it is necessary to fill the TSV with the resin without gaps, and to form a film with a flat film thickness on the substrate.
- a laminate that can provide a photosensitive resin film, a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface on one side can be embedded with a pre-wet solvent by spin coating with little material loss, and a flat photosensitive resin layer can be formed.
- the present invention provides a laminate comprising a semiconductor substrate and a photosensitive resin layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the photosensitive resin layer contains a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin.
- a photosensitive composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin is used, and the recesses on the stepped surface of the stepped substrate are sufficiently filled with the resin to form a flat photosensitive resin film. It becomes a laminate that can give
- the step surface has an opening width of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and a depth of 10 to 120 ⁇ m.
- a photosensitive composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin can be used to sufficiently fill the depressions of the stepped surface of the stepped substrate with the resin. becomes.
- the prewetting solvent is preferably a single solvent or a mixed solvent containing at least 30% by mass of a solvent having a boiling point of 130°C or higher.
- the recesses on the stepped surface of the stepped substrate are more sufficiently filled with resin, and a flatter photosensitive resin film can be provided.
- the photosensitive resin layer contains (A) a silicone skeleton-containing polymer, (B) a photoacid generator that is decomposed by light of 190 to 500 nm to generate an acid, and (C) a solvent. is preferred.
- the (A) silicone skeleton-containing polymer contains repeating units represented by any one or more of the following formulas (a1) to (a4) and any one or more of (b1) to (b4). It preferably contains.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- X 1 is a divalent group represented by the following formula (X1).
- X2 is a divalent group represented by the following formula (X2).
- X3 is a divalent group represented by the following formula ( X3).
- X4 is a divalent group represented by the following formula (X4).
- Z 1 is a single bond, a methylene group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl group or fluorene-9, 9-diyl group
- R 11 and R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 13 and R 14 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom is an alkoxy group of ⁇ 4
- p 1 and p 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 7
- q 1 and q 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.
- Z 2 is a single bond, a methylene group, a propane-2,2-diyl group,
- t 1 and t 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.)
- R 41 and R 42 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 43 and R 44 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- u 1 and u 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.
- v is an integer of 0 to 600.
- the photosensitive resin layer contains (A') an acrylic polymer, (B') a photopolymerization initiator, and (C) a solvent.
- a scraping step to remove excess prewetting solvent when prewetting on the semiconductor substrate while spinning, and a silicone skeleton-containing resin or acrylic resin for the surface of the side filled with the prewetting solvent by spin coating. is spin-coated with a photosensitive resin composition containing to form a photosensitive resin layer, which is a coating film of the photosensitive resin composition.
- a photosensitive composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin is used, and a substrate having a stepped surface on one side with little material loss is embedded with a pre-wet solvent by spin coating. and a flat photosensitive resin layer can be formed.
- the photosensitive resin composition can be dripped without drying the wafer surface, and a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface can be suitably embedded.
- the prewetting solvent used in the first coating step it is preferable to use a single solvent or a mixed solvent containing at least 30% by mass of a solvent having a boiling point of 130°C or higher.
- the semiconductor substrate surface is dried during prewetting or during dropping of the photosensitive resin composition for forming the photosensitive resin layer by containing the solvent with a high boiling point. It is difficult and easy to spread.
- a step of preheating to harden the photosensitive resin layer to form a photosensitive resin film a step of applying the photosensitive resin film to a photomask. and a step of performing heat treatment after exposure and then developing with a developer to dissolve and remove the non-exposed areas to form a pattern.
- the stepped surface of the substrate can be satisfactorily embedded with the photosensitive resin containing the silicone skeleton-containing resin or the acrylic resin, and a flat photosensitive resin film can be formed.
- the insulating layer can be satisfactorily formed only on the side wall portion.
- steps on a semiconductor substrate can be filled with a small amount of coating liquid with a high degree of filling. Furthermore, the photosensitive resin layer can be formed flat on the semiconductor substrate.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows an example of the manufacturing method of the laminated body of this invention. It is a graph which shows the spin-coating conditions of a 1st application process, a scraping process, and a 2nd application process.
- a photosensitive composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin As described above, using a photosensitive composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin, a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface on one side can be embedded by spin coating with little material loss, and a flat film is formed. Development of a laminate, a method for producing the laminate, and a method for forming a pattern have been demanded.
- the present inventors have found that after prewetting the concave portion of the stepped surface of a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface on one side with a prewetting solvent, a silicone skeleton-containing resin Alternatively, when a photosensitive resin composition containing an acrylic resin is applied, even a small amount of the photosensitive resin composition can be applied and the concave portion of the stepped surface of a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface on one side can be completely filled, The inventors have further found that the recesses of the step surface of the obtained laminate are filled with the resin without any gaps, and that a flat film can be formed on the semiconductor substrate, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention provides a laminate comprising a semiconductor substrate and a photosensitive resin layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the photosensitive resin layer contains a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin,
- the semiconductor substrate has a stepped surface on one side, the concave portion of the stepped surface is filled with a prewetting solvent, and the photosensitive resin layer is formed thereon.
- the laminate of the present invention is a laminate comprising a semiconductor substrate and a photosensitive resin layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the photosensitive resin layer contains a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin.
- a laminate 10 of the present invention is a laminate formed by forming a semiconductor substrate 1 and a photosensitive resin layer 3 on the semiconductor substrate 1, the semiconductor substrate 1 being on one side. A recessed portion of the stepped surface is filled with a prewetting solvent 2, and the photosensitive resin layer 3 is formed thereon.
- the opening width of the step surface is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 80 ⁇ m, and the depth is preferably 10 to 120 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface on one side is spin-coated with a prewetting solvent to prewet the concave portions of the stepped surface, and the concave portions of the stepped surface are coated with the prewetting solvent.
- a method for producing a laminate comprising a second coating step of forming a photosensitive resin layer, which is a coating film of the photosensitive resin composition, by spin-coating a photosensitive resin composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin. mentioned.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the method for manufacturing the laminate of the present invention.
- a semiconductor substrate 1 having a stepped surface on one side is prepared (I in FIG. 2).
- a first coating step is performed in which the prewetting solvent 2 is spin-coated into the concave portions of the stepped surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 having a stepped surface on one side to prewet the concave portions of the stepped surface, and the concave portions of the stepped surface are filled with the prewetting solvent 2 .
- a scraping step is performed to scrape off excess prewetting solvent 2 on the semiconductor substrate 1 while spinning (III in FIG. 2).
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin is spin-coated on the surface of the side filled with the pre-wet solvent 2 by spin coating.
- a second coating step of forming the photosensitive resin layer 3, which is a coating film, is performed to obtain the laminate 10 of the present invention (IV in FIG. 2).
- the laminate 10 thus obtained is further rotated so that the photosensitive resin layer 3 has a desired film thickness.
- the pre-wet solvent 2 is replaced with the photosensitive resin composition, so that the photosensitive resin composition is embedded in the semiconductor substrate 1 without gaps to obtain the laminate 10 of the present invention (V in FIG. 2). Details of each step will be described below.
- prewetting is performed by spin-coating the prewetting solvent 2 on the concave portion of the stepped surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 having a stepped surface on one side. This is the step of filling with the wet solvent 2 .
- a semiconductor substrate 1 having a stepped surface with unevenness on one side, such as a TSV if a liquid photosensitive resin composition is applied as it is, the photosensitive resin composition does not enter the recesses of the stepped surface, making it difficult to embed. Therefore, prewetting is performed by first filling the concave portion of the stepped surface with the prewetting solvent 2, so that the photosensitive resin composition to be applied next can easily enter and embed.
- prewetting solvents 2 are preferably organic solvents, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more as a mixed solvent.
- prewetting solvent 2 examples include ketones such as cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, and methyl-2-n-amyl ketone; 3-methoxybutanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy -Alcohols such as 2-propanol; ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl pyruvate, butyl acetate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, tert-butyl acetate, tert-buty
- the organic solvent used as the prewetting solvent when two or more types are used in combination preferably contains at least 30% by mass of a solvent having a boiling point of 130°C or higher, preferably 135°C or higher. It is preferably contained in an amount of 30 to 70%.
- the boiling point is preferably 130-160°C, more preferably 135-160°C. Containing a solvent with a high boiling point makes it difficult for the substrate surface to dry during prewetting or when dropping the photosensitive resin composition, making it easier to spread.
- ethyl lactate cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and mixed solvents thereof, which have the highest solubility of photoacid generators.
- the rotational speed is preferably greater than 0 and up to 50 rpm, and more preferably greater than 0 and up to 20 rpm.
- the time for holding the prewetting solvent 2 on the semiconductor substrate 1 is preferably 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably 1 to 15 minutes, although it depends on the size of the step.
- the photosensitive resin composition can be easily diffused in the second coating process, leading to less dripping liquid and reducing material loss.
- the scraping step is a step of scraping off excess prewetting solvent 2 on the semiconductor substrate 1 while spinning.
- the rotation speed is preferably 50-120 rpm, more preferably 80-100 rpm. Further, it is preferable to spin for 1 to 20 seconds, preferably 3 to 15 seconds.
- the surplus prewetting solvent 2 is removed from the wafer surface without completely drying it, so that when the photosensitive resin composition is then dropped, it is easy to fill the wafer surface, and at the same time the coating liquid is diluted more than necessary by the prewetting solvent. A decrease in film thickness due to a decrease in viscosity can be suppressed.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin is spin-coated on the side filled with the prewet solvent 2 by spin-coating the photosensitive resin.
- the photosensitive resin composition is dripped while rotating at a constant speed. After dropping, it is preferable to spin for 1 to 20 seconds, preferably 3 to 15 seconds.
- the pre-wet solvent 2 on the wafer easily spreads even a small amount of the dripping liquid on the wafer.
- the substrate is rotated for the scraping step, and then the photosensitive resin composition in the second coating step is continuously applied at a constant speed without stopping rotation.
- the photosensitive resin composition in the second coating step is continuously applied at a constant speed without stopping rotation. may be dropped, rotated at a constant speed for a certain period of time, and then accelerated to form a flat coating film.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing spin coating conditions for the first coating process, the scraping process, and the second coating process.
- the horizontal axis X indicates the rotation time (seconds) in the coating process, and the vertical axis Y indicates the rotation speed (rpm) of the semiconductor substrate during spin coating.
- a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface on one side is prepared, the rotation speed is increased from a stopped state to S1, and when reaching S1, a prewetting solvent is dropped and the speed of S1 is maintained from T1 to T2. and spin coat.
- the required time from T1 to T2 varies depending on the size of the step. It is desirable that the larger the step, the longer it takes.
- the rotational speed is increased from S1 to S2 between T2 and T3, and excess prewetting solvent on the semiconductor substrate is scraped off between T3 and T4.
- the photosensitive resin composition is dropped at T4 while the rotation speed is maintained at S2, and spin coating is performed until T5 at the same rotation speed as during scraping.
- the speed is gradually increased from T5 to T6 so as to reach the rotation speed S3 for obtaining the target film thickness.
- the rotation speed is rapidly increased, it causes an embedding defect.
- the difference between the rotational speed S2 during scraping and the rotational speed S3 during the second coating step exceeds 1000 rpm, it is preferable to increase the rotational speed stepwise. If the difference between the rotation speeds of S2 and S3 is less than 1000 rpm, it is preferable to accelerate to the rotation speed of S3 over 15 to 30 seconds.
- the photosensitive resin is in an uncured state, and the photosensitive resin composition has fluidity. Therefore, the prewet solvent and the photosensitive resin composition (photosensitive resin layer) are gradually mixed at the interface. In this process, there is a concentration gradient of the solvent in the stacking direction, and this aspect is also included in the present invention. Mixing at the interface further progresses and the two are uniformly mixed, so that recesses (stepped portions) on the stepped surface can be satisfactorily filled.
- the photosensitive resin layer is a coating film of a photosensitive resin composition, and the photosensitive resin composition contains a silicone skeleton-containing resin or an acrylic resin.
- the photosensitive resin composition contains (A) a silicone skeleton-containing polymer as a base polymer, (B) a photoacid generator that is decomposed by light of 190 to 500 nm to generate an acid, and (C) a solvent. It preferably contains. Further, when the photosensitive resin composition contains (A') an acrylic polymer as a base polymer, one containing (B') a photopolymerization initiator and (C) a solvent can also be used.
- components (A), (B), (C) or components (A'), (B'), (C), (D) a cross-linking agent, (E) a quencher, and (F) an antioxidant etc. can be contained.
- a cross-linking agent In addition to components (A), (B), (C) or components (A'), (B'), (C), (D) a cross-linking agent, (E) a quencher, and (F) an antioxidant etc. can be contained.
- a cross-linking agent In addition to components (A), (B), (C) or components (A'), (B'), (C), (D) a cross-linking agent, (E) a quencher, and (F) an antioxidant etc.
- the silicone skeleton-containing polymer of component (A) is not particularly limited. (hereinafter also referred to as repeating units a1 to a4 and b1 to b4, respectively). [In the formula, R 1 to R 4 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- X 1 is a divalent group represented by the following formula (X1).
- X2 is a divalent group represented by the following formula (X2).
- X3 is a divalent group represented by the following formula ( X3).
- X4 is a divalent group represented by the following formula (X4).
- Z 1 is a single bond, a methylene group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl group or fluorene-9, 9-diyl group
- R 11 and R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 13 and R 14 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom is an alkoxy group of ⁇ 4
- p 1 and p 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 7
- q 1 and q 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2.
- Z 2 is a single bond, a methylene group, a propane-2,2-diyl group,
- t 1 and t 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.)
- R 41 and R 42 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 43 and R 44 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- u 1 and u 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.
- v is an integer of 0 to 600.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- m is an integer from 1 to 600; When m is an integer of 2 or more, each R3 may be the same or different, and each R4 may be the same or different.
- each siloxane unit may be the same or may contain two or more different siloxane units.
- the siloxane units may be randomly bonded or alternately bonded, and include multiple blocks of the same type of siloxane unit. may be
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, and structural isomers thereof. groups, aryl groups such as phenyl groups, and the like. Among these, a methyl group and a phenyl group are preferable because of the availability of raw materials.
- m is an integer of 1-600, preferably an integer of 1-400, more preferably an integer of 1-200.
- Z 1 is a single bond, a methylene group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl group or a fluorene- It is a 9,9-diyl group.
- R 11 and R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 13 and R 14 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- p 1 and p 2 are each independently an integer of 0-7.
- q 1 and q 2 are each independently an integer of 0-2.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, structural isomers thereof, and the like.
- the alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and specific examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and structural isomers thereof.
- Z 2 is a single bond, a methylene group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl group or a fluorene- It is a 9,9-diyl group.
- R21 and R22 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 23 and R 24 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- r 1 and r 2 are each independently an integer of 0-7.
- s 1 and s 2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; Examples of the alkyl group and alkoxy group include the same groups as those described above.
- R 31 and R 32 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- t 1 and t 2 are each independently an integer of 0-7.
- R 41 and R 42 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 43 and R 44 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- u 1 and u 2 are each independently an integer of 0-7.
- v is an integer of 0-600, preferably an integer of 0-400, more preferably an integer of 0-200. Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group include those mentioned in the description of R 1 to R 4 .
- the siloxane units represented by the subscript v may be randomly bonded or alternately bonded, and the same type of siloxane unit block may include a plurality of
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (A) component silicone skeleton-containing polymer is preferably 3,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 200,000.
- Mw is a value measured in terms of polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using tetrahydrofuran as an elution solvent.
- the silicone skeleton-containing polymer of component (A) preferably has a cross-linking group such as an epoxy group or a hydroxy group or a reaction point at which a cross-linking reaction occurs in the molecule. That is, the polymer preferably contains at least one selected from repeating units a1 to a3 and at least one selected from repeating units b1 to b3.
- a cross-linking group such as an epoxy group or a hydroxy group or a reaction point at which a cross-linking reaction occurs in the molecule. That is, the polymer preferably contains at least one selected from repeating units a1 to a3 and at least one selected from repeating units b1 to b3.
- the (A) component silicone skeleton-containing polymer preferably contains repeating units a3 and b3.
- Each repeating unit described above may be randomly bonded or may be bonded as a block polymer.
- the siloxane units in each repeating unit may be randomly bonded or may contain a plurality of blocks of the same type of siloxane units.
- the silicone (siloxane unit) content in the silicone skeleton-containing polymer is preferably 30 to 80% by mass.
- the photosensitive resin layer using the (A) component silicone skeleton-containing polymer has good adhesion to laminates, semiconductor substrates, etc., good pattern forming ability, crack resistance, and heat resistance.
- the (A) component silicone skeleton-containing polymer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the (A) silicone skeleton-containing polymer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as compound (1)) and a compound represented by the following formula (2) (hereinafter referred to as compound (2 ), a compound represented by the following formula (3) (hereinafter also referred to as compound (3)), and a compound represented by the following formula (4) (hereinafter also referred to as compound (4)) , at least one selected from compounds represented by the following formula (5) (hereinafter also referred to as compound (5)) and compounds represented by the following formula (6) (hereinafter also referred to as compound (6)) can be produced by addition polymerization in the presence of a metal catalyst.
- R 11 to R 14 , R 21 to R 24 , R 31 , R 32 , R 41 to R 44 , Z 1 , Z 2 , p 1 , p 2 , q 1 , q 2 , r 1 , r 2 , s 1 , s 2 , t 1 , t 2 , u 1 , u 2 and v are the same as above.
- the metal catalyst examples include simple platinum group metals such as platinum (including platinum black ), rhodium , and palladium ; 6.xH2O , Na2PtCl6.xH2O , K2PtCl4.xH2O , PtCl4.xH2O , PtCl2 , Na2HPtCl4.xH2O (where x is 0 platinum chloride, chloroplatinic acid and chloroplatinates such as 0 or 6 are preferred; alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid (for example, described in US Pat. No. 3,220,972); complexes of chloroplatinic acid and olefins (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
- platinum group metals such as platinum black and palladium supported on carriers such as alumina, silica, carbon; rhodium-olefin complex; chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (so-called Wilkinson catalyst); Complexes of platinum, chloroplatinic acid, or chloroplatinic acid salts with vinyl group-containing siloxanes (in particular, vinyl group-containing cyclic siloxanes) can be used.
- the amount of the catalyst used is a catalytic amount, and is generally preferably 0.001 to 0.1 part by mass, preferably 0.01 to 0.01 part by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the compounds (1) to (6) in total. It is more preferably 1 part by mass.
- a solvent may be used as necessary in the addition polymerization reaction.
- the solvent for example, hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene are preferable.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 40 to 150°C, more preferably 60 to 120°C, from the viewpoints that the catalyst is not deactivated and the polymerization can be completed in a short time.
- the polymerization time depends on the type and amount of resin to be obtained, it is preferably about 0.5 to 100 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 30 hours, in order to prevent moisture from entering the polymerization system.
- the solvent if used, is distilled off to obtain the silicone skeleton-containing polymer of component (A).
- the reaction method is not particularly limited, but for example, first, after heating at least one selected from compounds (3) to (6), a metal catalyst is added thereto, and then compound (1) and compound (2). is added dropwise over 0.1 to 5 hours.
- Each raw material compound is hydrosilyl possessed by the compound represented by the formula (1) and the compound represented by the formula (2) with respect to the total number of alkenyl groups possessed by at least one selected from compounds (3) to (6)
- the total molar ratio of the groups is preferably from 0.67 to 1.67, more preferably from 0.83 to 1.25.
- the Mw of the silicone skeleton-containing polymer can be controlled by using a monoallyl compound such as o-allylphenol, a monohydrosilane such as triethylhydrosilane, or a monohydrosiloxane as a molecular weight modifier.
- a monoallyl compound such as o-allylphenol, a monohydrosilane such as triethylhydrosilane, or a monohydrosiloxane as a molecular weight modifier.
- the (A') component acrylic polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw is also not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 200,000, more preferably about 20,000 to 150,000.
- the acrylic polymer for example, ART CURE MAP-4050, ART CURE MAP-2801, ART CURE RA-3953 (manufactured by Negami Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and Folet ZAH-106 Folet ZAH-110 (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) are preferable. .
- the photoacid generator of component (B) to be combined with the silicone skeleton-containing polymer of component (A) is not particularly limited as long as it decomposes upon irradiation with light to generate an acid, but is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 190 to 500 nm. It is preferable to generate an acid by Since the composition used in the present invention has excellent compatibility with acid generators, a wide range of acid generators can be used.
- the photoacid generator is used as a curing catalyst.
- the photoacid generator include onium salts, diazomethane derivatives, glyoxime derivatives, ⁇ -ketosulfone derivatives, disulfone derivatives, nitrobenzylsulfonate derivatives, sulfonic acid ester derivatives, imido-yl-sulfonate derivatives, oximesulfonate derivatives, iminosulfonate. derivatives, triazine derivatives and the like.
- onium salts examples include sulfonium salts represented by the following formula (B1) and iodonium salts represented by the following formula (B2).
- R 101 to R 105 are each independently an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted carbon number It is an aryl group of 6 to 12 or an aralkyl group of 7 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- a ⁇ is the non-nucleophilic counterion.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl groups. , sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, n-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group, adamantyl group and the like.
- a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenylyl group, etc. are mentioned as said aryl group.
- a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, etc. are mentioned as said aralkyl group.
- substituents include an oxo group, a linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R 101 to R 105 are optionally substituted alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group, adamantyl group and 2-oxocyclohexyl group; phenyl group; , naphthyl group, biphenylyl group, o-, m- or p-methoxyphenyl group, ethoxyphenyl group, m- or p-tert-butoxyphenyl group, 2-, 3- or 4-methylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, Aryl groups optionally having substituents such as 4-tert-butylphenyl group, 4-butylphenyl group, dimethylphenyl group, terphenylyl group, biphenylyloxyphenyl group, biphenylylthiophenyl group; benzyl group, phenethyl An aralkyl group optionally having
- non-nucleophilic counter ions examples include halide ions such as chloride ion and bromide ion; arylsulfonate ions such as rate ion, benzenesulfonate ion, 4-fluorobenzenesulfonate ion, 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorobenzenesulfonate ion; mesylate ion, alkanesulfonate ion such as butanesulfonate ion; trifluoromethane fluoroalkanesulfonimide ions such as sulfonimide ions; fluoroalkanesulfonylmethide ions such as tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide ions; borate ions such as tetrakisphenylborate ions and tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ions;
- Examples of the diazomethane derivative include compounds represented by the following formula (B3).
- R 111 and R 112 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or It is an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and specific examples include the same as those exemplified in the description of R 101 to R 105 .
- Examples of the halogenated alkyl group include trifluoromethyl group, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,1-trichloroethyl group, nonafluorobutyl group and the like.
- the aryl group optionally having substituents includes a phenyl group; 2-, 3- or 4-methoxyphenyl group, 2-, 3- or 4-ethoxyphenyl group, 3- or 4-tert-butoxy alkoxyphenyl group such as phenyl group; 2-, 3- or 4-methylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, 4-tert-butylphenyl group, 4-butylphenyl group, alkylphenyl group such as dimethylphenyl group; fluorophenyl group , a chlorophenyl group, a 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorophenyl group, and other halogenated aryl groups.
- a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, etc. are mentioned as said aralkyl group.
- Examples of the glyoxime derivative include compounds represented by the following formula (B4).
- R 121 to R 124 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or It is an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 123 and R 124 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, and when forming a ring, the group formed by bonding R 123 and R 124 is It is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group examples include the same as those exemplified for R 111 and R 112 .
- linear or branched alkylene group examples include methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group and hexylene group.
- onium salts include diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, (p-tert-butoxyphenyl)phenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, diphenyliodonium p-toluenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (p-tert-butoxy Phenyl)phenyliodonium, triphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, (p-tert-butoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(p-tert-butoxyphenyl)phenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, tris( p-tert-butoxyphenyl)sulfonium, triphenylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate, (p-tert-butoxyphenyl
- diazomethane derivatives include bis(benzenesulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(p-toluenesulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(xylenesulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(cyclohexylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(cyclopentylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(n- Butylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(isobutylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(sec-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(n-propylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(isopropylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(tert-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane, bis(n- pentylsulfon
- glyoxime derivative examples include bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)- ⁇ -dimethylglyoxime, bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)- ⁇ -diphenylglyoxime, bis-o-(p- toluenesulfonyl)- ⁇ -dicyclohexylglyoxime, bis-o-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-2,3-pentanedione glyoxime, bis-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-2-methyl-3,4-pentane dionglyoxime, bis-o-(n-butanesulfonyl)- ⁇ -dimethylglyoxime, bis-o-(n-butanesulfonyl)- ⁇ -diphenylglyoxime, bis-o-(n-butanesulfonyl)- ⁇ -dicyclohe
- ⁇ -ketosulfone derivatives include 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)propane and 2-isopropylcarbonyl-2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)propane.
- disulfone derivative examples include diphenyldisulfone and dicyclohexyldisulfone.
- nitrobenzylsulfonate derivatives include 2,6-dinitrobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate and 2,4-dinitrobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate.
- sulfonate derivatives include 1,2,3-tris(methanesulfonyloxy)benzene, 1,2,3-tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)benzene, 1,2,3-tris(p- toluenesulfonyloxy)benzene and the like.
- imido-yl-sulfonate derivatives include phthalimido-yl-triflate, phthalimido-yl-tosylate, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximido-yl-triflate, 5-norbornene-2,3 -dicarboximido-yl-tosylate, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximido-yl-n-butylsulfonate, n-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxynaphthylimide and the like.
- oxime sulfonate derivatives include ⁇ -(benzenesulfonium oxyimino)-4-methylphenylacetonitrile and the like.
- iminosulfonate derivatives include (5-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyimino-5H-thiophen-2-ylidene)-(2-methylphenyl)acetonitrile, (5-(4-(4-methyl phenylsulfonyloxy)phenylsulfonyloxyimino)-5H-thiophen-2-ylidene)-(2-methylphenyl)-acetonitrile;
- triazine derivative examples include 2-(methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine, 2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4,6- Bis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine, 2-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine, 2-[2-(5-methylfuran- 2-yl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-s-triazine and the like.
- 2-methyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-[(4-methylthio)phenyl]-1-propane and the like can be suitably used.
- the onium salt is particularly preferable, and the sulfonium salt is more preferable.
- the content of component (B) is preferably 0.05 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of component (A) from the viewpoint of photocurability. If the content of component (B) is 0.05 parts by mass or more, it is preferable because there is no possibility that the amount of generated acid will be insufficient and the cross-linking reaction will not proceed sufficiently. Further, when the content is 20 parts by mass or less, it is possible to suppress an increase in the absorbance of the acid generator itself, and there is no possibility of causing a problem such as a decrease in transparency, which is preferable.
- (B) component may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- photopolymerization initiator of the component (B') to be combined with the acrylic polymer of the component (A') known ones can be used without particular limitation.
- the photopolymerization initiator for example, Irgacure OXE01 (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) and Irgacure OXE02 (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) are preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may further contain (C) a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the components (A), (A'), (B), and (B') and various additives described later, but it has excellent solubility for these components.
- Organic solvents are preferred because they are
- organic solvent examples include ketones such as cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, and methyl-2-n-pentyl ketone; 3-methoxybutanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy -Alcohols such as 2-propanol; ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl pyruvate, butyl acetate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, tert-butyl acetate,
- organic solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Ethyl lactate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, PGMEA, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and a mixed solvent thereof are particularly preferred because they have the highest solubility of the photoacid generator.
- the amount of component (C) used is preferably 50 to 2,000 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of components (A) and (B) from the viewpoint of compatibility and viscosity of the photosensitive resin composition. 1,000 parts by mass is more preferable, and 50 to 100 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention preferably further contains (D) a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent causes a condensation reaction with the phenolic hydroxy group of component (A) or the alkoxy group represented by R 13 , R 14 , R 23 or R 24 to facilitate pattern formation. It is a component of and further increases the strength of the cured product.
- a resin having an Mw of 150 to 10,000, particularly 200 to 3,000 is preferable. When Mw is 150 or more, sufficient photocurability can be obtained.
- nitrogen-containing compounds such as melamine compounds, guanamine compounds, glycoluril compounds, urea compounds containing an average of two or more methylol groups and/or alkoxymethyl groups in one molecule, formaldehyde or Amino condensates modified with formaldehyde-alcohol, phenolic compounds having an average of 2 or more methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups per molecule, and epoxies having an average of 2 or more epoxy groups per molecule Compounds are also preferred.
- nitrogen-containing compounds such as melamine compounds, guanamine compounds, glycoluril compounds, urea compounds containing an average of two or more methylol groups and/or alkoxymethyl groups in one molecule, formaldehyde or Amino condensates modified with formaldehyde-alcohol, phenolic compounds having an average of 2 or more methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups per molecule, and epoxies having an average of 2 or more epoxy groups per
- Examples of the melamine compound include those represented by the following formula (D1).
- R 201 to R 206 are each independently a methylol group, an alkoxymethyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a hydrogen atom, and at least one is a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group.
- a methoxymethyl group, an ethoxymethyl group, etc. are mentioned as said alkoxymethyl group.
- Melamine compounds represented by formula (D1) include trimethoxymethylmonomethylolmelamine, dimethoxymethylmonomethylolmelamine, trimethylolmelamine, hexamethylolmelamine, hexamethoxymethylmelamine, hexaethoxymethylmelamine, and the like.
- the melamine compound represented by formula (D1) can be obtained, for example, by first methylolating a melamine monomer with formaldehyde according to a known method, or by further alkoxylating it with alcohol.
- alcohol a lower alcohol such as an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
- guanamine compound examples include tetramethylolguanamine, tetramethoxymethylguanamine, tetramethoxyethylguanamine, and the like.
- glycoluril compounds examples include tetramethylolglycoluril, tetrakis(methoxymethyl)glycoluril, and the like.
- the urea compounds include tetramethylol urea, tetramethoxymethyl urea, tetramethoxyethyl urea, tetraethoxymethyl urea, tetrapropoxymethyl urea and the like.
- amino condensates modified with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-alcohol examples include melamine condensates modified with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-alcohol, and urea condensates modified with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-alcohol.
- a compound represented by the formula (D1) or a polymer thereof (e.g., oligomers such as dimers and trimers) and formaldehyde are added in a conventional manner until a desired molecular weight is obtained.
- oligomers such as dimers and trimers
- formaldehyde examples thereof include those obtained by condensation polymerization.
- Urea condensates modified with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-alcohol include methoxymethylated urea condensates, ethoxymethylated urea condensates, and propoxymethylated urea condensates.
- the modified urea condensate can be obtained, for example, by methylolating a urea condensate of a desired molecular weight with formaldehyde according to a known method, or by further alkoxylating it with an alcohol.
- Examples of the phenol compound having an average of two or more methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups in one molecule include (2-hydroxy-5-methyl)-1,3-benzenedimethanol, 2,2',6, 6'-tetramethoxymethylbisphenol A and the like.
- Examples of epoxy compounds having an average of two or more epoxy groups in one molecule include bisphenol-type epoxy resins such as bisphenol A-type epoxy resins and bisphenol F-type epoxy resins, phenol novolak-type epoxy resins, and cresol novolak-type epoxy resins.
- Examples include epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, and heterocyclic epoxy resins.
- component (D) When component (D) is included, its content is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of component (A). If it is 0.5 parts by mass or more, sufficient curability is obtained at the time of light irradiation, and if it is 50 parts by mass or less, the ratio of component (A) in the photosensitive resin composition does not decrease, so that the cured product is sufficiently cured. The effects of the present invention can be exhibited.
- the (D) component crosslinking agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may further contain (E) a quencher.
- a quencher a compound capable of suppressing the diffusion speed when the acid generated by the photoacid generator diffuses in the cured photosensitive resin film of the photosensitive resin layer is suitable.
- the resolution can be improved, the change in sensitivity after exposure can be suppressed, substrate dependence or environment dependence can be reduced, and the exposure latitude and pattern shape can be improved.
- quencher examples include ammonia, primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines, mixed amines, aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, nitrogen-containing compounds having a carboxy group, and sulfonyl groups. nitrogen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds having a hydroxy group, nitrogen-containing compounds having a hydroxyphenyl group, alcoholic nitrogen-containing compounds, amide derivatives, imide derivatives, and the like.
- Examples of the primary aliphatic amines include methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, pentylamine, tert-pentylamine, cyclopentylamine, Hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, cetylamine, methylenediamine, ethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine and the like.
- secondary aliphatic amines examples include dimethylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, dipentylamine, dicyclopentylamine and dihexyl.
- tertiary aliphatic amines examples include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, triisopropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, triisobutylamine, tri-sec-butylamine, tripentylamine and tricyclopentylamine.
- trihexylamine tricyclohexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine, trinonylamine, tridecylamine, tridodecylamine, tricetylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylmethylenediamine, N, N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyltetraethylenepentamine and the like.
- Examples of the mixed amines include dimethylethylamine, methylethylpropylamine, benzylamine, phenethylamine, and benzyldimethylamine.
- aromatic amines and heterocyclic amines examples include aniline derivatives (e.g., aniline, N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline, N-propylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, 2-methylaniline, 3-methylaniline, Aniline, 4-methylaniline, ethylaniline, propylaniline, trimethylaniline, 2-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 2,4-dinitroaniline, 2,6-dinitroaniline, 3,5-dinitro aniline, N,N-dimethyltoluidine, etc.), diphenyl(p-tolyl)amine, methyldiphenylamine, triphenylamine, phenylenediamine, naphthylamine, diaminonaphthalene, pyrrole derivatives (e.g., pyrrole, 2H-pyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole, 2,4-dimethylpyrrole, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole
- nitrogen-containing compounds having a carboxyl group examples include aminobenzoic acid, indolecarboxylic acid, amino acid derivatives (e.g., nicotinic acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, glycylleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine, 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, methoxyalanine, etc.) and the like.
- aminobenzoic acid indolecarboxylic acid
- amino acid derivatives e.g., nicotinic acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, glycylleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, ly
- Examples of the nitrogen-containing compound having a sulfonyl group include 3-pyridinesulfonic acid and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate.
- Examples of the nitrogen-containing compound having a hydroxy group, the nitrogen-containing compound having a hydroxyphenyl group and the alcoholic nitrogen-containing compound include 2-hydroxypyridine, aminocresol, 2-quinolinediol, 3-indolemethanol hydrate, monoethanolamine, Diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, 2,2'-iminodiethanol, 2-aminoethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1- butanol, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, 1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]piperazine, piperidine ethanol, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone, 3-piperidino-1,2-propanediol
- amide derivative examples include formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, propionamide, and benzamide.
- imide derivatives examples include phthalimide, succinimide, and maleimide.
- quencher one represented by the following formula (E1) can also be used.
- R 301 is any substituent selected from substituents represented by formulas (E2) to (E4) below.
- R 302 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may contain an ether bond or a hydroxy group.
- the two R 301 may combine with each other to form a ring together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded.
- they may be the same or different, and when two or more R 302 are present, they may be the same or different.
- R 303 , R 305 and R 308 are each independently a linear or branched C 1-4 alkanediyl group.
- R 304 and R 307 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and may contain at least one selected from a hydroxy group, an ether bond, an ester bond and a lactone ring.
- R 306 is a single bond or a linear or branched C 1-4 alkanediyl group.
- R 309 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may contain at least one selected from a hydroxy group, an ether bond, an ester bond and a lactone ring.
- Examples of compounds represented by formula (E1) include tris[2-(methoxymethoxy)ethyl]amine, tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)ethyl ] amine, tris[2-(1-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, tris[2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, tris[2-(1-ethoxypropoxy)ethyl]amine, tris[2- ⁇ 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy ⁇ ethyl]amine, 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane, 4,7,13,18- Tetraoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.5.5]eicosane, 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diaza
- component (E) is 0 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (A). ⁇ 1 part by mass is more preferred.
- (E) component can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention may further contain an antioxidant as component (F).
- an antioxidant as component (F).
- the heat resistance can be improved and the transparency of the photosensitive resin composition can be more easily achieved.
- the antioxidant include hindered phenol compounds, ammonia, primary aliphatic amines, hindered amine compounds, and the like.
- the hindered phenol compound is not particularly limited, the following are preferred.
- 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene (trade name: IRGANOX 1330), 2,6-di-tert- Butyl-4-methylphenol (trade name: Sumilizer BHT), 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone (trade name: Nocrac NS-7), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol ( Product name: Nocrac M-17), 2,5-di-tert-pentylhydroquinone (product name: Nocrac DAH), 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (product name: Nocrac NS) -6), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylphosphonate-diethyl ester (trade name: IRGANOX 1222),
- Examples of the primary aliphatic amines include methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, pentylamine, tert-pentylamine, cyclopentylamine, Hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, cetylamine, methylenediamine, ethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine and the like.
- the hindered amine compound is not particularly limited, the following compounds are preferable.
- p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine (trade name: IRGANOX 5057), phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine (trade name: Nocrac PA), poly(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (trade name) : Nocrac 224, 224-S), 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (trade name: Nocrac AW), N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (trade name: Nocrac DP), N,N'-di- ⁇ -naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine (trade name: Nocrac White), N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine (trade name: Nocrac 810NA), N, N'-diallyl-p-phenylenedi
- component (F) is not particularly limited, but when it is included, it is preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass in the photosensitive resin layer used in the present invention.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention can be prepared by ordinary methods.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention can be prepared by stirring and mixing the above components, and then filtering with a filter or the like as necessary.
- a photosensitive resin layer can be formed by applying this photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is, for example, a protective film for semiconductor elements, a protective film for wiring, a coverlay film, a solder mask, a material for an insulating film for through electrodes (for TSV), and further, in three-dimensional lamination It is suitably used as an adhesive between laminated substrates.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention is preferably 50 mPa ⁇ s or more and 1500 mPa ⁇ s or less. Further, when the viscosity is 150 mPa ⁇ s or more and 1000 mPa ⁇ s or less, the flatness of the film is good and a sufficient film thickness can be secured on the steps, which is more preferable.
- the viscosity is a value measured at 25° C. with a cone-and-plate rotary viscometer.
- the film thickness on the step can be applied at an arbitrary value by adjusting the amount of solvent in the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention and the rotation speed during application.
- the semiconductor substrate has a stepped surface on one side and is uneven. For example, it has either one or both of grooves and holes with an opening width of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and a depth of 10 to 120 ⁇ m.
- a semiconductor substrate is preferred.
- the laminate having the photosensitive resin layer formed thereon may have a gradient. The adhesion between the semiconductor substrate and the photosensitive resin layer is excellent, and the layer has high flatness.
- the laminate of the present invention is formed by forming a photosensitive resin layer in a state in which a prewetting solvent is applied in advance on a semiconductor substrate, so that the prewetting solvent and the solvent in the photosensitive resin composition , it is also possible to obtain a gradient layer with a high solvent concentration on the semiconductor substrate side instead of uniform dispersion.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention comprises a step of preheating the laminate manufactured by the manufacturing method described above to cure the photosensitive resin layer to form a photosensitive resin film, and It is a pattern forming method including a step of exposing through a photomask, and a step of performing heat treatment after exposure and then developing with a developing solution to dissolve and remove the non-exposed portion to form a pattern.
- the step of preheating and curing the photosensitive resin layer to form a photosensitive resin film is a step of forming a photosensitive resin film on a semiconductor substrate using a photosensitive resin composition.
- the semiconductor substrate include silicon wafers, silicon wafers for through electrodes, silicon wafers thinned by back surface polishing, plastic or ceramic substrates, and Ni, Au, etc., on the entire surface or part of the substrate by ion sputtering, plating, or the like. and a substrate having a metal of A semiconductor substrate having either or both grooves and holes with an opening width of 10-100 ⁇ m and a depth of 10-120 ⁇ m may be used. Note that the opening width and depth of the groove or hole in the semiconductor substrate can be measured using a scanning electron microscope.
- the photosensitive resin composition is applied onto the semiconductor substrate by a spin coating method, and preheating (prebaking: PB). Preheating can be performed, for example, at 40 to 140° C. for about 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the amount of the photosensitive resin composition to be applied can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but the amount is preferably such that the film thickness is 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 150 ⁇ m.
- Exposure is preferably carried out with light having a wavelength of 1 to 600 nm, more preferably light having a wavelength of 10 to 600 nm, and even more preferably light having a wavelength of 190 to 500 nm.
- Examples of light having such a wavelength include light having various wavelengths generated by a radiation generator, such as ultraviolet light such as g-line, h-line, and i-line, far ultraviolet light (248 nm, 193 nm), and the like. .
- light with a wavelength of 248 to 436 nm is particularly preferred.
- the exposure amount is preferably 10 to 10,000 mJ/cm 2 .
- the exposure may be performed through a photomask.
- the photomask may be hollowed out in a desired pattern.
- the material of the photomask is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use a material that shields the light of the wavelength described above.
- PEB post-exposure heat treatment
- PEB is preferably carried out at 40 to 150° C. for 0.5 to 10 minutes.
- the exposed portion is crosslinked to form an insolubilized pattern that is insoluble in the developer solvent.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- ketones such as cyclohexanone
- glycols such as PGME, and the like
- solvents used for photosensitive resin compositions can also be used.
- the developing method include a conventional method such as a method of immersing a patterned substrate in the developer. After that, washing, rinsing, drying, etc. are performed as necessary to obtain a photosensitive resin film having a desired pattern.
- the patterned film it is preferable to post-cure the patterned film at 100 to 250°C, preferably 150 to 220°C, using an oven or a hot plate. If the post-curing temperature is 100 to 250° C., the cross-linking density of the photosensitive resin film can be increased, and the remaining volatile components can be removed. preferable.
- the post-curing time is preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 3 hours. With the photosensitive resin composition used in the present invention, a film excellent in various film properties can be obtained even after post-curing at a relatively low temperature of around 200°C.
- the thickness of the film (cured film) after post-curing is usually 1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the film can be formed by exposing with light of an appropriate wavelength without using a photomask in the exposing step.
- Silicone resin 3 was confirmed to contain repeating units a1, b1, a2, and b2 by 1 H-NMR (manufactured by Bruker).
- the silicone resin 3 had an Mw of 25,000 and a silicone content of 50.2% by mass.
- compositions 1-1 to 1-7 Each component was blended according to the blending amounts shown in Tables 1 and 2, then stirred, mixed, and dissolved at room temperature, and then subjected to microfiltration with a Teflon (registered trademark) 1.0 ⁇ m filter to form compositions 1-1 to 1-1. A photosensitive resin composition 1-7 was obtained.
- Acrylic resins 1 to 3 described in Tables 1 and 2, photoacid generator PAG-1, photopolymerization initiator, cross-linking agents CL-1 and CL-2, antioxidants F-1 and F-2, quencher AM -1 is as follows.
- Acrylic resin 1 ART CURE MAP-4050 (manufactured by Negami Industrial Co., Ltd.)
- Acrylic resin 2 ART CURE MAP-2801 (manufactured by Negami Industrial Co., Ltd.)
- Acrylic resin 3 Follet ZAH-106 (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- F-1 CHIMASSORB 119FL (manufactured by BASF)
- F-2 IRGANOX 3114 (manufactured by BASF)
- prewetting was performed by dropping a prewetting solvent over the entire surface of the stepped substrate, and then 5 ml of each composition was dropped for embedding.
- the spin coating conditions are, referring to FIG. S1 is 20 rpm, S2 is 100 rpm, and S3 is 300 rpm.
- the film thickness on the substrate after drying of the laminate was targeted to be 20 ⁇ m.
- Table 3 shows examples of embedding by the above method using compositions 1-1 to 1-7, and comparative examples of embedding under conditions in which prewetting and scraping were not performed. Shown in ⁇ 7.
- a contact aligner was used under exposure conditions of 365 nm through a mask for forming a 60 ⁇ m Via leaving 5 ⁇ m on each of the left and right sidewalls in the step. It was exposed using a type exposure apparatus. After exposure, PEB was performed on a hot plate at 140° C. for 5 minutes, cooled, and spray development was performed with PGMEA for 540 seconds to form a pattern.
- the photosensitive resin film on the substrate on which the pattern was formed by the above method was post-cured in an oven at 180°C for 2 hours while purging with nitrogen. After that, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the cross section of the formed 60 ⁇ m via pattern. Furthermore, from the cross-sectional photographs obtained, ⁇ indicates that a vertical pattern has an opening to the bottom, ⁇ indicates that the bottom is open although it has a reverse tapered shape, and ⁇ indicates that scum is observed at the bottom. Poor opening was evaluated as x. The results are shown in Tables 3-7.
- the semiconductor substrate has a stepped surface on one side, the concave portion of the stepped surface is filled with a prewetting solvent, and the photosensitive resin layer is formed thereon. It has been found that when the laminate of (1) is used, it is possible to obtain a film having good flatness and good embedding properties by pre-wetting on a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface, while saving liquid.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
- the above-described embodiment is an example, and any device having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and exhibiting the same effect is the present invention. included in the technical scope of
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Abstract
Description
本発明の積層体は、半導体基板と、前記半導体基板上に感光性樹脂層が形成されてなる積層体であって、前記感光性樹脂層がシリコーン骨格含有樹脂又はアクリル樹脂を含有するものであり、前記半導体基板が片側に段差面を有し、前記段差面の凹部がプリウエット溶剤で満たされ、その上に前記感光性樹脂層が形成されているものである積層体である。
本発明の積層体の製造方法としては、例えば、片側に段差面を有する半導体基板の段差面の凹部にプリウエット溶剤をスピンコートしてプリウエットし、前記段差面の凹部を前記プリウエット溶剤で満たす第一塗布工程と、スピンさせながら前記半導体基板上のプリウエットした際の余分なプリウエット溶剤を除く擦切り工程と、前記プリウエット溶剤がスピンコートされて満たされた側の面に対して、シリコーン骨格含有樹脂又はアクリル樹脂を含有する感光性樹脂組成物をスピンコートして前記感光性樹脂組成物の塗膜である感光性樹脂層を形成する第二塗布工程を含む積層体の製造方法が挙げられる。
得られた積層体10を、感光性樹脂層3が目的の膜厚となるように、さらに回転する。この間にプリウエット溶剤2から感光性樹脂組成物に置換されることで、感光性樹脂組成物が半導体基板1に隙間なく埋め込まれ本発明の積層体10を得る(図2のV)。
以下、各工程の詳細について説明する。
第一塗布工程は、片側に段差面を有する半導体基板1の段差面の凹部にプリウエット溶剤2をスピンコートしてプリウエットし、前記段差面の凹部を前記プリウエット溶剤2で満たす工程である。
TSVなど片側の表面に凹凸がある段差面を有する半導体基板1において、通常そのまま液状の感光性樹脂組成物を塗布しようとすると段差面の凹部まで感光性樹脂組成物が入り込まず、埋め込みが難しい。そこで先に段差面の凹部をプリウエット溶剤2で満たすプリウエットを行うことで、次に塗布する感光性樹脂組成物が入り込みやすく埋め込みが容易になる。
擦切り工程は、スピンさせながら半導体基板1上の余分なプリウエット溶剤2の擦切りを行う工程である。回転速度としては、50~120rpmが好ましくさらには80~100rpmがより好ましい。さらに1~20秒より好ましくは3~15秒スピンさせるとよい。これにより、ウエハ表面は乾ききることなく余分なプリウエット溶剤2が除かれるため、次いで感光性樹脂組成物を滴下した際に埋め込みしやすいと同時に、塗布液がプリウエット溶剤によって必要以上に希釈され粘度が低下することによる膜厚の低下を抑止できる。
第二塗布工程は、前記プリウエット溶剤2がスピンコートされて満たされた側の面に対して、シリコーン骨格含有樹脂又はアクリル樹脂を含有する感光性樹脂組成物をスピンコートして前記感光性樹脂組成物の塗膜である感光性樹脂層3を形成する工程である。擦切り工程でプリウエット溶剤2を擦切ったのち定速で回転させたまま、感光性樹脂組成物を滴下する。滴下後は1~20秒より好ましくは3~15秒スピンさせるとよい。これにより、ウエハ上のプリウエット溶剤2により、滴下液が少量でもウエハに濡れ広がりやすい。さらに目的の膜厚とするために加速させるにあたって、プリウエット溶剤2が乾かないように段階的に速度を上げて最大回転数までもっていくのが好ましい。
感光性樹脂層は感光性樹脂組成物の塗膜であり、前記感光性樹脂組成物はシリコーン骨格含有樹脂又はアクリル樹脂を含有するものである。
前記感光性樹脂組成物は、ベースポリマーとして(A)シリコーン骨格含有高分子を含む場合は、(B)190~500nmの光によって分解し酸を発生する光酸発生剤、及び(C)溶剤を含有するものであることが好ましい。
また、前記感光性樹脂組成物は、ベースポリマーとして(A’)アクリル高分子を含む場合は、(B’)光重合開始剤、及び(C)溶剤を含有するものも用いることができる。
(A)、(B)、(C)成分、又は(A’)、(B’)、(C)成分の他にも(D)架橋剤、(E)クエンチャー、(F)酸化防止剤などを含有することができる。
以下、各成分について詳細に説明する。
(A)成分のシリコーン骨格含有高分子としては、特には限定されないが、下記式(a1)~(a4)のうちいずれか1以上及び(b1)~(b4)のうちいずれか1以上で表される繰り返し単位(以下、それぞれ繰り返し単位a1~a4及びb1~b4ともいう。)を含むものが好ましい。
前記(A)シリコーン骨格含有高分子は、下記式(1)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(1)ともいう。)と、下記式(2)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(2)ともいう。)と、下記式(3)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(3)ともいう。)、下記式(4)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(4)ともいう。)、下記式(5)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(5)ともいう。)及び下記式(6)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(6)ともいう。)から選ばれる少なくとも1種とを、金属触媒存在下、付加重合させることにより製造することができる。
(A’)成分のアクリル高分子としては、(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの重合体であれば特に限定されない。重量平均分子量Mwも特に制限はないが、1万~20万、さらに好ましくは2万~15万程度の高分子を使用することが好ましい。アクリル高分子としては、例えば、ART CURE MAP-4050、ART CURE MAP-2801、ART CURE RA-3953(根上工業株式会社製)やフォレットZAH-106 フォレットZAH-110(綜研化学株式会社製)が好ましい。
(A)成分のシリコーン骨格含有高分子と組み合わせる(B)成分の光酸発生剤は、光照射によって分解し、酸を発生するものであれば特に限定されないが、波長190~500nmの光を照射することによって酸を発生するものが好ましい。本発明に用いられる組成物は酸発生剤の相溶性に優れるため、幅広い酸発生剤を使用することができる。
(A’)成分のアクリル高分子と組み合わせる(B’)成分の光重合開始剤としては、公知のものを用いることができ、特に限定されない。光重合開始剤としては、例えば、Irgacure OXE01(BASFジャパン株式会社製)やIrgacure OXE02(BASFジャパン株式会社製)が好ましい。
本発明に用いる感光性樹脂組成物は、更に、(C)溶剤を含んでもよい。前記溶剤としては、(A)、(A’)、(B)、(B’)成分や、後述する各種添加剤が溶解可能な溶剤であれば特に限定されないが、これら成分の溶解性に優れていることから有機溶剤が好ましい。
本発明に用いる感光性樹脂組成物は、更に、(D)架橋剤を含むことが好ましい。前記架橋剤は、前述した(A)成分のフェノール性ヒドロキシ基、あるいはR13、R14、R23又はR24で表されるアルコキシ基と縮合反応を起こし、パターンの形成を容易になし得るための成分であると共に、硬化物の強度を更に上げるものである。
本発明に用いる感光性樹脂組成物は、更に、(E)クエンチャーを含んでもよい。クエンチャーとしては、光酸発生剤より発生した酸が、感光性樹脂層が硬化した感光性樹脂皮膜内を拡散する際の拡散速度を抑制することができる化合物が適している。前記クエンチャーを配合することにより、解像度が向上し、露光後の感度変化を抑制し、基板依存性又は環境依存性を小さくし、露光余裕度やパターン形状を向上させることができる。
本発明に用いる感光性樹脂組成物は、更に、(F)成分として酸化防止剤を含んでもよい。(F)酸化防止剤はこれを含むことで耐熱性の向上、及び感光性樹脂組成物の透明性をより一層容易になし得ることができる。前記酸化防止剤としては、ヒンダードフェノール系化合物、アンモニア、第1級脂肪族アミン類、ヒンダードアミン系化合物等が挙げられる。
前記半導体基板としては、片側に段差面を有し、凹凸のある半導体基板であり、例えば、開口幅が10~100μmかつ深さが10~120μmである溝及び孔のいずれか一方又は両方を有する半導体基板が好ましい。前記感光性樹脂層を形成した積層体は、勾配があってもよい。半導体基板と該感光性樹脂層との密着性に優れたものとなり、高い平坦性を有するものとなる。
本発明の積層体は、上記したように、半導体基板上の予めプリウエット溶剤を塗布した状態で感光性樹脂層を形成することで、プリウエット溶剤と、感光性樹脂組成物中溶剤との間で、均一分散ではなく、半導体基板側に溶剤濃度が高い傾斜層を得ることもできる。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、上記に記載の製造方法で製造した積層体において、予備加熱を行い前記感光性樹脂層を硬化し、感光性樹脂皮膜とする工程と、前記感光性樹脂皮膜を、フォトマスクを介して露光する工程と、露光後の加熱処理を行った後、現像液にて現像して非露光部を溶解除去してパターンを形成する工程を含むパターン形成方法である。
下記合成例において、各樹脂のMwは、カラムとしてTSKgel Super HZM-H(東ソー(株)製)を用い、流量0.6mL/分、溶出溶剤テトラヒドロフラン、カラム温度40℃の分析条件で、単分散ポリスチレンを標準とするGPCにより測定した。
[合成例1]シリコーン樹脂1の合成
攪拌機、温度計、窒素置換装置及び還流冷却器を具備した3Lフラスコに、化合物(S-1)117.6g(0.28モル)、化合物(S-2)79.5g(0.3モル)及び化合物(S-3)80.0g(0.43モル)を加えた後、トルエン2,000gを加え、70℃に加熱した。その後、塩化白金酸トルエン溶液(白金濃度0.5質量%)1.0gを投入し、化合物(S-5)67.9g(0.35モル)及び化合物(S-6)(y1=8)399.8(0.65モル)を1時間かけて滴下した(ヒドロシリル基の合計/アルケニル基の合計=1.01/1.0(モル比))。滴下終了後、100℃まで加熱し、6時間熟成した後、反応溶液からトルエンを減圧留去し、シリコーン樹脂1を得た。シリコーン樹脂1は、1H-NMR(Bruker社製)により、繰り返し単位a1、b1、a3、b3、a4及びb4を含むものであることを確認した。シリコーン樹脂1のMwは28,000、シリコーン含有率は64.4質量%であった。
攪拌機、温度計、窒素置換装置及び還流冷却器を具備した3Lフラスコに、化合物(S-2)90.1g(0.34モル)、化合物(S-4)223.6g(0.52モル)及び化合物(S-3)27.9g(0.15モル)を加えた後、トルエン2,000gを加え、70℃に加熱した。その後、塩化白金酸トルエン溶液(白金濃度0.5質量%)1.0gを投入し、化合物(S-5)38.8g(0.2モル)及び化合物(S-6)(y1=8)492.0g(0.8モル)を1時間かけて滴下した(ヒドロシリル基の合計/アルケニル基の合計=1/1.01(モル比))。滴下終了後、100℃まで加熱し、6時間熟成した後、反応溶液からトルエンを減圧留去し、シリコーン樹脂2を得た。シリコーン樹脂2は、1H-NMR(Bruker社製)により、繰り返し単位a2、b2、a3、b3、a4及びb4を含むものであることを確認した。シリコーン樹脂2のMwは32,000、シリコーン含有率は59.6質量%であった。
攪拌機、温度計、窒素置換装置及び還流冷却器を具備した3Lフラスコに、化合物(S-1)201.6g(0.48モル)、化合物(S-4)227.9g(0.53モル)を加えた後、トルエン2,000gを加え、70℃に加熱した。その後、塩化白金酸トルエン溶液(白金濃度0.5質量%)1.0gを投入し、化合物(S-5)155.2g(0.80モル)及び化合物(S-6)(y1=38)589.2g(0.2モル)を1時間かけて滴下した(ヒドロシリル基の合計/アルケニル基の合計=1/1.01(モル比))。滴下終了後、100℃まで加熱し、6時間熟成した後、反応溶液からトルエンを減圧留去し、シリコーン樹脂3を得た。シリコーン樹脂3は、1H-NMR(Bruker社製)により、繰り返し単位a1、b1、a2、b2を含むものであることを確認した。シリコーン樹脂3のMwは25,000、シリコーン含有率は50.2質量%であった。
攪拌機、温度計、窒素置換装置及び還流冷却器を具備した3Lフラスコに、化合物(S-1)63.0g(0.15モル)、化合物(S-2)74.2g(0.28モル)、化合物(S-4)150.5g(0.35モル)及び化合物(S-3)42.8g(0.23モル)を加えた後、トルエン2,000gを加え、70℃に加熱した。その後、塩化白金酸トルエン溶液(白金濃度0.5質量%)1.0gを投入し、化合物(S-5)58.2g(0.3モル)及び化合物(S-6)(y1=8)289.1g(0.47モル)を1時間かけて滴下した(ヒドロシリル基の合計/アルケニル基の合計=1/1.01(モル比))。滴下終了後、100℃まで加熱し、6時間熟成した後、反応溶液からトルエンを減圧留去し、シリコーン樹脂4を得た。シリコーン樹脂4は、1H-NMR(Bruker社製)により、繰り返し単位a1、b1、a2、b2、a3、b3、a4及びb4を含むものであることを確認した。シリコーン樹脂4のMwは23,000、シリコーン含有率は50.0質量%であった。
[組成物1-1~1-7]
表1、2に記載の配合量に従って各成分を配合し、その後常温にて攪拌、混合、溶解した後、テフロン(登録商標)製1.0μmフィルターで精密濾過を行い、組成物1-1~1-7の感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
・アクリル樹脂2:ART CURE MAP-2801(根上工業株式会社製)
・アクリル樹脂3:フォレット ZAH-106(綜研化学株式会社製)
・F-2:IRGANOX 3114(BASF社製)
本実施例では、それぞれ開口幅70μm深さ80μmの段差を備えた、Si基板とTi/Cu基板、SiO2基板の3種類を用意した。
各組成物を5ml滴下した際のウエハへの塗布性を評価した。滴下後スピンコート終了までにウエハ一面に組成物が塗り広がったものを○、塗り広がらなかったものを×とした。結果を表3~7に示す。
本実施形態において作製した積層体の基板を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により、開口径70μm深さ80μmの段差の断面を観察し、埋め込み性を評価した。滴下後PBウエハ全面に組成物が塗布でき、段差底部まで組成物がボイドなくきれいに埋め込まれているものを○、埋め込めていないものを×とした。結果を表3~7に示す。
上記基板を用いて走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により、段差上と段差が形成されていない基板上での組成物の膜厚を測定し、その差が20±1μm以内であるときを○、1μm以上2μm以内であるときを△、2μm以上の時を×とした。結果を表3~7に示す。
(2)の評価において結果が○であった基板において、段差内で左右側壁を各5μm残して60μmViaを形成するためのマスクを介し、365nmの露光条件でコンタクトアライナ型露光装置を使用して露光した。露光後、ホットプレートにより140℃で5分間PEBを行い、冷却し、PGMEAにて540秒間スプレー現像を行い、パターンを形成した。
Claims (10)
- 半導体基板と、前記半導体基板上に感光性樹脂層が形成されてなる積層体であって、前記感光性樹脂層がシリコーン骨格含有樹脂又はアクリル樹脂を含有するものであり、前記半導体基板が片側に段差面を有し、前記段差面の凹部がプリウエット溶剤で満たされ、その上に前記感光性樹脂層が形成されているものであることを特徴とする積層体。
- 前記段差面の開口幅が10~100μmであり、深さが10~120μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記プリウエット溶剤が、単独又は沸点が130℃以上の溶剤を少なくとも30質量%以上含む混合溶剤であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の積層体。
- 前記感光性樹脂層が(A)シリコーン骨格含有高分子、(B)190~500nmの光によって分解し酸を発生する光酸発生剤、及び(C)溶剤を含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記(A)シリコーン骨格含有高分子が、下記式(a1)~(a4)のうちいずれか1以上及び(b1)~(b4)のうちいずれか1以上で表される繰り返し単位を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の積層体。
- 前記感光性樹脂層が(A’)アクリル高分子、(B’)光重合開始剤、及び(C)溶剤を含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 片側に段差面を有する半導体基板の段差面の凹部にプリウエット溶剤をスピンコートしてプリウエットし、前記段差面の凹部を前記プリウエット溶剤で満たす第一塗布工程と、スピンさせながら前記半導体基板上のプリウエットした際の余分なプリウエット溶剤を除く擦切り工程と、前記プリウエット溶剤がスピンコートされて満たされた側の面に対して、シリコーン骨格含有樹脂又はアクリル樹脂を含有する感光性樹脂組成物をスピンコートして前記感光性樹脂組成物の塗膜である感光性樹脂層を形成する第二塗布工程を含むことを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。
- 前記第二塗布工程を、前記擦切り工程から前記半導体基板の回転を止めることなく行うことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記第一塗布工程において用いるプリウエット溶剤として、単独又は沸点が130℃以上の溶剤を少なくとも30質量%以上含む混合溶剤を用いることを特徴とする請求項7又は請求項8に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項7から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法で製造した積層体において、予備加熱を行い前記感光性樹脂層を硬化し、感光性樹脂皮膜とする工程と、前記感光性樹脂皮膜を、フォトマスクを介して露光する工程と、露光後の加熱処理を行った後、現像液にて現像して非露光部を溶解除去してパターンを形成する工程を含むことを特徴とするパターン形成方法。
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- 2022-06-07 WO PCT/JP2022/022906 patent/WO2023276578A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-06-07 KR KR1020237044359A patent/KR20240026937A/ko unknown
- 2022-06-07 JP JP2023531741A patent/JPWO2023276578A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-06-07 US US18/569,793 patent/US20240184206A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-29 TW TW111124200A patent/TW202323982A/zh unknown
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US3159662A (en) | 1962-07-02 | 1964-12-01 | Gen Electric | Addition reaction |
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