WO2023249188A1 - 리튬 이차전지 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023249188A1 WO2023249188A1 PCT/KR2023/000488 KR2023000488W WO2023249188A1 WO 2023249188 A1 WO2023249188 A1 WO 2023249188A1 KR 2023000488 W KR2023000488 W KR 2023000488W WO 2023249188 A1 WO2023249188 A1 WO 2023249188A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- electrode active
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 iron phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/0445—Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery with excellent battery capacity and a method of manufacturing the same.
- lithium secondary batteries with high energy density and operating potential, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate have been commercialized and are widely used.
- lithium secondary batteries are used as a power source for medium-to-large devices such as electric vehicles, there is a growing demand for high capacity, high energy density, and low cost of lithium secondary batteries.
- Carbon-based materials are mainly used as anode materials for lithium secondary batteries, but the theoretical maximum capacity of anodes made of carbon-based materials is limited to 372 mAh/g (844 mAh/cc), which limits capacity increase.
- lithium metal which has been considered as a negative electrode material, has a very high energy density and can achieve high capacity, but has safety problems due to dendrite growth during repeated charging and discharging and a short cycle life.
- silicon-based materials reversibly absorb and release lithium through a compound formation reaction with lithium, and the theoretical maximum capacity is about 4200 mAh/g (9366 mAh/cc, specific gravity 2.23), which is much larger than that of carbon-based materials. It is promising as a high-capacity cathode material.
- these existing irreversible additives are generally manufactured by reacting a precursor such as cobalt oxide or nickel oxide with an excessive amount of lithium oxide.
- the irreversible additive manufactured in this way is structurally unstable and generates gases when charging progresses. The generated gas may cause volume expansion of the electrode assembly, which may act as one of the main factors causing a decrease in battery performance.
- irreversible additives may be transformed into a thermally unstable structure when stored at high temperatures above 60°C after initial charge and discharge, which may result in additional gas release and limit the progress of self-discharge of the battery.
- the energy density of the battery can be increased, thereby improving the irreversible capacity loss during the initial charging and discharging of the battery, and at the same time, a technology that can overcome safety problems due to internal gas generation, etc. Development is needed.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same, which contain silicon as a negative electrode material, reduce irreversible capacity loss during initial charging, and improve battery safety problems due to internal gas generation, etc.
- the present invention in one embodiment, the present invention
- An electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte composition comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte additive,
- the positive electrode sequentially includes a positive electrode active layer containing a positive electrode active material and a polymer film on the positive electrode current collector,
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active layer containing carbon material and silicon material as negative electrode active materials on the negative electrode current collector,
- a lithium secondary battery having a ratio (DC/CC) of initial discharge capacity (DC) and initial charge capacity (CC) of 0.7 to 1.2 is provided.
- anode may satisfy the following equation 1 during XPS analysis:
- P C represents the intensity of the peak present at 284.0 ⁇ 0.5 eV
- P N represents the intensity of the peak present at 402.5 ⁇ 0.5 eV.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active layer containing a positive electrode active material
- the positive electrode active material may include an iron phosphate compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
- M 1 is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, CO, Ni, Mn, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb , Mg, B, and Mo, at least one element selected from the group consisting of,
- X is one or more selected from the group consisting of P, Si, S, As and Sb,
- a 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5.
- the electrolyte additive may be a polymerizable compound containing nitrogen (N) and carbon (C).
- the electrolyte additive may be a compound containing one or more of a pyrrole group and an aniline group.
- the electrolyte solution additive may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte composition.
- the polymer film may have an average thickness of 5nm to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode contains carbon material and silicon material as a negative electrode active material.
- the carbon material may include one or more selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, and Ketjen black.
- the silicon material may include one or more of silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon oxide (SiOq, where 0.8 ⁇ q ⁇ 2.5), and the content is 1 based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material. It may be from 20% by weight.
- Assembling a secondary battery by injecting an electrolyte composition into a battery case into which an electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode is inserted;
- the electrolyte composition includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte additive,
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active layer containing carbon material and silicon material as negative electrode active materials on the negative electrode current collector,
- the assembled secondary battery provides a method of manufacturing a lithium secondary battery having a ratio (DC/CC) of initial discharge capacity (DC) and initial charge capacity (CC) of 0.7 to 1.2.
- the charging may be performed at a C-rate of 0.01C to 3.0C at 25 to 70°C.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention contains a silicon material as a negative electrode active material and has a high energy density, and a polymer film derived from an electrolyte additive contained in the electrolyte composition is provided on the positive electrode active layer to reduce the initial charging and discharging caused by the silicon material of the negative electrode. Not only can irreversible capacity loss be reduced, but battery safety can be improved by suppressing the generation of gases during charging and discharging, so it can be usefully used as a power source for medium-to-large devices such as electric vehicles.
- cross-sectional structure refers to the structure of a surface cut perpendicularly based on the surface of the active material layer.
- the present invention in one embodiment, the present invention
- An electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte composition comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte additive,
- the positive electrode sequentially includes a positive electrode active layer containing a positive electrode active material and a polymer film on the positive electrode current collector,
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active layer containing carbon material and silicon material as negative electrode active materials on the negative electrode current collector,
- a lithium secondary battery having a ratio (DC/CC) of initial discharge capacity (DC) and initial charge capacity (CC) of 0.7 to 1.2 is provided.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and includes a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Additionally, the anode and cathode have a structure impregnated with electrolyte for the movement of lithium ions (Li + ) between them.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode active layer manufactured by applying, drying, and pressing a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector, and if necessary, a conductive agent, binder, or other additives may be optionally further included in the negative electrode active layer.
- the negative electrode active material may include carbon material and silicon material.
- the carbon material refers to a carbon material containing carbon atoms as the main component, and such carbon materials include graphite, which has a completely layered crystal structure like natural graphite, and low-crystalline layered crystal structure (graphene structure; a hexagonal honeycomb-shaped plane of carbon).
- soft carbon with a layered structure and hard carbon with these structures mixed with amorphous parts artificial graphite, expanded graphite, carbon fiber, non-graphitizable carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon It may include nanotubes, fullerene, activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc., and preferably may include one or more types selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. More preferably, the carbon material includes natural graphite and/or artificial graphite, and may include one or more of graphene and carbon nanotubes along with the natural graphite and/or artificial graphite.
- the carbon material may include 50 parts by weight or less of graphene and/or carbon nanotubes based on 100 parts by weight of the total carbon material, and more specifically, 1 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total carbon material. wealth; Alternatively, it may include 5 to 20 parts by weight of graphene and/or carbon nanotubes.
- the silicon material is a metal particle containing silicon (Si) as a main component, and is one or more of silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon oxide (SiO q , provided that 0.8 ⁇ q ⁇ 2.5) may include.
- the silicon material may include a mixture of silicon (Si) particles and silicon carbide (SiC).
- the silicon material may include silicon (Si) particles, silicon monoxide (SiO) particles, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) particles, or a mixture of these particles.
- the silicon material may have a mixed form of crystalline particles and amorphous particles, and the ratio of the amorphous particles is 50 to 100 parts by weight, specifically 50 to 90 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total silicon material; It may be 60 to 80 parts by weight or 85 to 100 parts by weight.
- the present invention can improve thermal stability and flexibility without deteriorating the electrical properties of the electrode by controlling the ratio of amorphous particles contained in the silicon material to the above range.
- the silicon material may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the anode active layer, and specifically, 5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the anode active layer; 3 to 10 parts by weight; 8 to 15 parts by weight; 13 to 18 parts by weight; 2 to 7 parts by weight; Alternatively, it may be included in 4 to 17 parts by weight.
- the present invention can increase the energy density of the battery by adjusting the content of the silicon material contained in the negative electrode active material to the above range and suppress excessive volume expansion of the negative electrode due to the silicon material during charging and discharging.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active layer manufactured by applying, drying, and pressing a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode additive on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive active layer includes a conductive agent, a binder, and a conductive agent as needed. Other additives, etc. may optionally be further included.
- the positive electrode active material may include a compound containing iron (Fe) as an element, and in some cases, may be doped with another transition metal (M 1 ).
- the positive electrode active material may include an iron phosphate compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
- M 1 is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, CO, Ni, Mn, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb , Mg, B, and Mo, at least one element selected from the group consisting of,
- X is one or more selected from the group consisting of P, Si, S, As and Sb,
- a 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5.
- the iron phosphate compound represented by Formula 1 has an olivine structure and has the best structural stability, so it has excellent lifespan characteristics and is a promising active material with excellent safety features including overcharge and overdischarge.
- the iron phosphate compound has excellent high-temperature stability due to the strong binding force of PO 4 , and because it contains iron, which is abundant and inexpensive, it is cheaper than the above-mentioned LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , or LiMn 2 O 4 , and has low toxicity. Because the temperature is low, the impact on the environment is also small.
- lithium metal oxide containing two or more types of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), etc. has a large voltage change when charging, so polymerization of the electrolyte additive contained in the electrolyte composition is stable. may not be implemented, and as a result, an internal short circuit of the battery may be induced.
- the iron phosphate compound represented by Formula 1 does not have a large voltage change during charging and discharging, so it can stably polymerize the electrolyte additive contained in the electrolyte composition on the anode surface, thereby reducing the irreversible capacity loss that occurs during the initial charging of the battery. Not only can this lower the temperature, but it can also improve battery safety by suppressing the generation of gases during charging and discharging.
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 85 to 95 parts by weight, specifically 88 to 95 parts by weight, 90 to 95 parts by weight, 86 to 90 parts by weight, or 92 to 95 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active layer. You can.
- the positive electrode active layer may further include a binder, a conductive agent, an additive, etc. along with the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active layer may include a conductive agent to improve the performance of the positive electrode, such as electrical conductivity.
- a conductive agent to improve the performance of the positive electrode, such as electrical conductivity.
- examples of such conductive agent include natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- one or more carbon-based materials selected from the group consisting of Ketjen black and carbon fiber can be used.
- the conductive agent may include acetylene black.
- the conductive agent may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, specifically 0.5 to 4 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active layer; 1 to 3.5 parts by weight of conductive agent; Alternatively, it may be included in 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight.
- the positive electrode active layer may further include a binder to secure the positive electrode active material and conductive agent constituting the active layer and achieve adhesion with the positive electrode current collector.
- a binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoride. selected from the group consisting of propylene copolymer (PVdF-co-HFP), polyvinylidenefluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, and copolymers thereof It may contain one or more types of resin.
- the binder may include polyvinylidenefluoride.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight, specifically 2 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active layer;
- the conductive agent may be included in 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode active layer is not particularly limited, but may be specifically 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, more specifically 100 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m; 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m; 120 ⁇ m to 170 ⁇ m; 150 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m; 200 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m; Or it may be 150 ⁇ m to 190 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode may be a positive electrode current collector that has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- a positive electrode current collector that has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, etc. can be used, and in the case of aluminum or stainless steel, surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can also be used.
- a polymer film is included on the positive electrode active layer.
- the polymer film is prepared on the surface of the positive electrode by polymerization of the electrolyte additive contained in the electrolyte composition during initial charging of the battery.
- the electrolyte additive releases electrons (e - ) through polymerization during initial charging, so the lithium (Li) of the positive electrode active material releases electrons (e - ) and is consumed on the cathode surface in the form of lithium ions (Li + ). You can prevent it from happening.
- the polymer film is formed on the positive electrode active layer during the initial charging of the battery, and the silicon material, which is a negative electrode active material, forms an insulating inorganic film, such as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), on the surface of the negative electrode, thereby consuming lithium ions. Since the amount of (Li + ) can be minimized, the irreversible capacity of the anode can be further increased.
- the polymer film can act as a scavenger to remove moisture and/or acidic by-products, thereby reducing side reactions of the electrolyte and also being applied to compensate for conventional irreversible capacity loss.
- non-reversible additives such as Li 2 NiO 2 and Li 6 CoO 4 , the amount of gas generated during battery charging and discharging is significantly smaller, so the battery has the advantage of excellent stability.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may satisfy a ratio (DC/CC) of initial discharge capacity (DC) and initial charge capacity (CC) of 0.7 to 1.2, specifically 0.8 to 1.1; 0.9 to 1.2; Alternatively, 0.9 to 1.1 may be satisfied.
- DC/CC ratio of initial discharge capacity
- CC initial charge capacity
- This polymer film may be derived from electrolyte additives contained in the electrolyte composition during initial charging of the battery.
- the electrolyte composition applied to the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte and includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte solution additive for forming a polymer film.
- the electrolyte additive may be polymerized on the surface of the anode during initial charging of the battery to form a polymer film.
- the electrolyte solution additive may be a polymerizable compound containing nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), etc. having lone pairs of electrons along with carbon (C) as elements.
- the electrolyte additive may be a polymerizable compound containing a nitrogen (N) element and a carbon (C) element, and more specifically, a pyrrole group, a pyridine group, and aniline.
- the group may include one or more nitrogen-containing polymerizable compounds.
- the polymerizable compound containing a pyrrole group, a pyridine group, and an aniline group is a compound having a pyrrole group, a pyridine group, and/or an aniline group as the mother nucleus. , pyrrole, pyridine, and/or aniline, as well as derivatives of these with substituents introduced.
- the nitrogen-containing polymerizable compound is pyrrole, 2,5-dimethyl pyrrole, 2,4-dimethylpyrrole, 2-acetyl-N-methylpyrrole, 2-acetylpyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, N-methylaniline, N , N-dimethylaniline, phenylenediamine, P-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-P-toluidine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, etc.
- the anode according to the present invention can satisfy the conditions of Equation 1 below during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis:
- P C represents the intensity of the peak present at 284.0 ⁇ 0.5 eV
- P N represents the intensity of the peak present at 402.5 ⁇ 0.5 eV.
- Equation 1 above represents the ratio of peaks derived from components constituting the polymer film provided on the positive electrode active layer when performing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis on the initially charged positive electrode.
- P N is the peak representing the energy of the quaternary amine group (quarterly ammonium) among the 1s bonds of nitrogen (N).
- This peak represents the bonding (NH + ) energy
- their ratio represents the bonding energy between oxidation by-products such as water (H 2 O) and/or HF generated internally during charging and discharging of the battery and the nitrogen element of the polymer film.
- Their ratio may indicate the amount of water and/or oxidation by-products captured by the polymer coating.
- the present invention satisfies the collection amount of lithium ions expressed in Equation 1 as 0.5 to 5, thereby preventing the generation of internal gas due to oxidation by-products such as water (H 2 O) and/or HF generated inside the battery during charging and discharging of the battery. Since the deterioration of the battery can be suppressed, the safety and lifespan of the battery can be improved, and through this, the energy density of the battery can be further improved.
- the positive electrode of the present invention has the formula 1 as 0.5 to 4 ( 0.5 ⁇ PC / PN ⁇ 4 ), 0.5 to 3 ( 0.5 ⁇ PC / PN ⁇ 3 ), 1 to 5 ( 1 ⁇ PC / P N ⁇ 5), 1.5 to 5 (1.5 ⁇ PC /P N ⁇ 5), 2 to 5 (2 ⁇ PC /P N ⁇ 5), 3 to 5 (3 ⁇ PC /P N ⁇ 5) Alternatively, 1 to 2 (1 ⁇ P C /P N ⁇ 2 ) may be satisfied.
- the electrolyte additive may be a polymerizable compound containing a sulfur (S) element and a carbon (C) element, and more specifically, includes a sulfur-containing polymerizable compound such as a thiophene group.
- the polymerizable compound containing a thiophene group is a compound having a thiophene group as a parent nucleus, and may not only include thiophene, but may also include a derivative in which a substituent is introduced to thiophene.
- the sulfur-containing polymerizable compound may include halothiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, etc.
- the electrolyte additive may be applied in a range that does not deteriorate the performance of the electrolyte composition.
- the electrolyte solution additive may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte composition, and more specifically, 0.05 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte composition; 0.05 to 2% by weight; 0.05 to 1.5% by weight; 1.1 to 1.9% by weight; 0.1 to 0.9% by weight; Alternatively, it may be included at 0.8 to 1.4% by weight.
- the present invention prevents the polymer film from being formed to a sufficient thickness on the surface of the positive electrode active layer due to a very small amount of the electrolyte additive, while preventing the electrolyte from gelling due to excessive content. .
- the thickness of the polymer film may satisfy a specific range.
- the polymer film may have a thickness of 5 nm to 500 ⁇ m, more specifically 5 nm to 300 ⁇ m; 100 nm to 200 ⁇ m; 500 nm to 150 ⁇ m; 900 nm to 50 ⁇ m; 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m; 5 nm to 900 nm; Alternatively, it may have a thickness of 50 nm to 500 nm.
- the electrolyte composition containing the electrolyte additive may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt commonly used in the art.
- the lithium salt is LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 It may include one or more species selected from the group consisting of Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, and (FSO 2 ) 2 NLi.
- the concentration of these lithium salts there is no particular limitation on the concentration of these lithium salts, but the lower limit of the appropriate concentration range is 0.5 mol/L or more, specifically 0.7 mol/L or more, more specifically 0.9 mol/L or more, or 1.2 mol/L or more. , the upper limit is 2.5 mol/L or less, specifically 2.0 mol/L or less, and more specifically 1.8 mol/L or less. If the concentration of lithium salt is less than 0.5 mol/L, there is a risk that the cycle characteristics and output characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery may decrease due to the decrease in ionic conductivity, and a solid electrolyte film (SEI) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active layer during initial charging of the battery.
- SEI solid electrolyte film
- the liquid temperature may rise due to the heat of dissolution of the lithium salt. If the temperature of the non-aqueous organic solvent increases significantly due to the heat of dissolution of the lithium salt, there is a risk that decomposition of the lithium salt containing fluorine will be accelerated and hydrogen fluoride (HF) may be generated. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is undesirable because it causes deterioration of battery performance. Therefore, the temperature when dissolving the lithium salt in a non-aqueous organic solvent is not particularly limited, but may be adjusted to -20 to 80°C, and specifically, 0 to 60°C.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent used in the electrolyte composition may be applied without particular limitation as long as it is used for non-aqueous electrolytes in the art.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent includes, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC).
- gamma-butyrolactone 1,2-dimethoxy ethane (DME), tetrahydroxy franc (franc), 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxorane, formamide, dimethylform Amide, dioxoran, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxy methane, dioxoran derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl- Aprotic organic solvents such as 2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ether, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate can be used.
- DME 1,2-dimethoxy ethane
- franc tetrahydroxy franc
- 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran dimethyl sulfoxide
- non-aqueous organic solvent used in the present invention may be used individually, or two or more types may be mixed in any combination and ratio according to the intended use.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent used in the present invention may be used individually, or two or more types may be mixed in any combination and ratio according to the intended use.
- electrochemical stability against redox and chemical stability against reaction with heat or solutes especially propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate. desirable.
- the electrolyte composition may further include other additives in addition to the basic components described above.
- additives may be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention in any ratio.
- Compounds having a negative electrode film forming effect and a positive electrode protection effect can be mentioned.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries called lithium polymer batteries
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has a high energy density by having the above-described configuration, and can not only reduce irreversible capacity loss that occurs during initial charging and discharging due to the silicon material of the negative electrode, but also improve battery safety by suppressing gas generation during charging and discharging. Since this can be improved, it can be usefully used as a power source for medium-to-large devices such as electric vehicles.
- a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention described above is provided.
- the method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is to assemble a secondary battery by injecting an electrolyte composition into a battery case into which an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is inserted, and the assembled secondary battery It can be performed by performing initial charging to form a polymer film on the positive electrode active layer containing the positive electrode active material.
- the method of manufacturing the lithium secondary battery includes assembling the secondary battery by injecting an electrolyte composition into a battery case into which an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is inserted; And charging the assembled secondary battery to an SOC of 10% or more to form a polymer film on the positive electrode active layer containing the positive electrode active material.
- the step of assembling the secondary battery is a process that includes the entire process of manufacturing the electrode assembly, inserting the manufactured electrode assembly into the battery case, and injecting the electrolyte composition.
- a method commonly performed in the art can be applied. .
- the electrolyte composition injected into the battery case is a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte as described above, and has a composition including a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte solution additive for forming a polymer film.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active layer manufactured by applying, drying, and pressing a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector as described above, and the negative electrode active layer includes carbon material and silicon material as the negative electrode active material.
- the step of forming a polymer film on the positive electrode active layer is a step of initially charging the assembled secondary battery to form a polymer film in which electrolyte additives are electrochemically polymerized on the positive electrode active layer. Accordingly, a polymer film derived from the electrolyte additive can be uniformly formed on the positive electrode active layer.
- the initial charging is a step of charging the battery to form a solid electrolyte film (SEI) on the surface of the anode active layer, activating the battery and removing gas generated inside.
- SEI solid electrolyte film
- the present invention involves forming a polymer film on the surface of the anode active layer.
- the SOC of the lithium secondary battery may be 10% or more. More specifically, the initial charge is performed at a SOC of 10% to 90% of the secondary battery; 10% to 80%; 10% to 70%; 10% to 50%; 10% to 40%; 30% to 80%; 40% to 80%; 50% to 90%; Or it can be performed at 45% to 65%.
- the present invention prevents a polymer film from being formed due to a significantly low battery potential by performing initial charging to satisfy the SOC in the above range, while also preventing an internal short circuit from occurring during polymer film formation due to high SOC conditions. there is.
- the initial charge may be performed under constant temperature and C-rate conditions. Specifically, the initial charging may be performed at a C-rate of 0.01C to 3.0C at 25 to 70°C, more specifically, 30 to 65°C; 45 ⁇ 70°C; 25 ⁇ 50°C; or 0.01 ⁇ 1.5C at 30 ⁇ 50°C; 0.01 ⁇ 1.2C; 0.01 ⁇ 0.9C; 0.02 ⁇ 0.8C; Alternatively, it can be performed at a C-rate of 0.05 to 0.9C.
- the initial charging may be performed at 40 to 45°C, with a charging end voltage of 3.0 to 4.2V, and a crate of 0.05 to 0.08C.
- a polymer film can be formed when a certain level of oxidation potential is applied, but the polymerization efficiency or the efficiency with which lithium of the cathode active material emits electrons may vary depending on conditions at the time of applying the potential, such as temperature and C-rate. Accordingly, the present invention prepares a polymer film on the positive electrode active layer by adjusting the charging temperature and C-rate to the above-mentioned range while applying a potential lower than or equal to the oxidation potential required to form the polymer film during initial charging, while preparing the positive electrode active material. Battery capacity can be improved by minimizing the consumption of lithium.
- the initial charging may refer to the process it takes for the SOC of the lithium secondary battery to reach the above range, and may be performed including aging, thermal treatment, etc. before reaching the SOC range. there is.
- LiPF 6 as a lithium salt was dissolved at a concentration of 1.3 ⁇ 0.1M in a solvent mixed with ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) at a volume ratio of 30:70, and a polymerizable compound was added as an electrolyte additive as shown in Table 1 below.
- An electrolyte composition was prepared by weighing and adding based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- LiFePO 4 with a particle size of 5 ⁇ m was prepared as a positive electrode active material; Carbon black, a carbon-based challenging agent; And polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was mixed with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at a weight ratio of 94:3:3 to form a slurry, casted on a thin aluminum plate, and dried in a vacuum oven at 120°C.
- NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone
- silicon oxide SiO q , where 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 2
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- a separator made of 18 ⁇ m polypropylene was interposed between the obtained positive and negative electrodes, inserted into a case, and the previously prepared electrolyte composition was injected as shown in Table 1 below to assemble a lithium secondary battery.
- Initial charging was performed on each assembled lithium secondary battery. Specifically, an activated lithium secondary battery was manufactured by initially charging the lithium secondary battery to a charging end voltage of 4.2V at 55 ⁇ 2°C under the conditions shown in Table 1 below.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the electrolyte solution composition did not contain electrolyte additives.
- LiFePO 4 with a particle size of 5 ⁇ m as a positive electrode active material; Carbon black, a carbon-based challenging agent; polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder; and lithium cobalt oxide (Li 6 CoO 4 ), which is an irreversible additive, at a weight ratio of 94:3:2:1, using a positive electrode slurry, except that the electrolyte solution composition did not contain an electrolyte solution additive, and Example 1 and A lithium secondary battery was manufactured using the same method.
- Each lithium secondary battery prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was disassembled to separate the positive electrode, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on the separated positive electrode surface to obtain an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum.
- XPS analysis was performed using Thermo Fisher Scientific ESCALAB250 (acceleration voltage: 15kV, 150W, energy resolution: 1.0eV, analysis area: 500 micrometers in diameter, sputter rate: 0.1nm/sec).
- Lithium secondary batteries were assembled as in Examples and Comparative Examples, and an activated lithium secondary battery was manufactured by initially charging the assembled lithium secondary batteries as shown in Table 1. Then, each activated lithium secondary battery was aged at 55 ⁇ 2°C for 5 to 10 minutes, and the initial charge capacity (CC) was measured by charging at a charge end voltage of 4.2V under the same temperature conditions. Afterwards, the initial discharge capacity (DC) was measured by discharging under discharge termination voltage conditions of 0.5C and 2.5V. The ratio (DC/CC) of initial discharge capacity (DC) and initial charge capacity (CC) was calculated from the measured initial charge/discharge capacity, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention contains silicon as a negative electrode active material, it has excellent electrical performance due to low irreversible capacity loss during initial charge and discharge, and the amount of gas generated during charge and discharge is small. It can be seen that stability is high.
- the lithium secondary batteries manufactured in Examples 2 and 4 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 were fixed in an oven equipped with a gas sensor, and charged and discharged repeatedly 50 times at 45°C and 0.3C, and then the total gas generated was The amount generated was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the lithium secondary battery in the example in which a polymer film was provided on the positive electrode active layer to improve irreversible capacity loss occurring during initial charging and discharging of the secondary battery it was confirmed that the amount of gas generated inside the battery was significantly low.
- the lithium secondary battery of the comparative example using an irreversible additive in the positive electrode showed a significantly large amount of gas generated as charging and discharging were repeated.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has high safety even when charging and discharging progresses.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has a high energy density, and the silicon material of the negative electrode can not only reduce the irreversible capacity loss that occurs during initial charging and discharging, but also improve battery safety by suppressing gas generation during charging and discharging. can be seen.
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Abstract
Description
전해액 첨가제 | 초기 충전 조건 | |||
종류 | 함량 | SOC | C-rate | |
실시예 1 | 피롤 | 0.5 | 50% | 0.5C |
실시예 2 | 피롤 | 1.0 | 50% | 0.5C |
실시예 3 | 피롤 | 3.0 | 50% | 0.5C |
실시예 4 | 아닐린 | 1.0 | 50% | 0.5C |
비교예 1 | 피롤 | 1.0 | 50% | 0.001C |
비교예 2 | 피롤 | 1.0 | 50% | 3.5C |
비교예 3 | 피롤 | 6.0 | 50% | 0.5C |
비교예 4 | 피롤 | 1.0 | 10% | 0.5C |
비교예 5 | 피롤 | 1.0 | 100% | 0.5C |
PC/PN | DC/CC | |
실시예 1 | 1.6 | 0.81 |
실시예 2 | 1.7 | 0.87 |
실시예 3 | 1.8 | 0.93 |
실시예 4 | 2.1 | 0.95 |
비교예 1 | 1.1 | 0.48 |
비교예 2 | 1.5 | 0.61 |
비교예 3 | - | 0.45 |
비교예 4 | 1.2 | 0.51 |
비교예 5 | 1.4 | 0.59 |
비교예 6 | - | 0.22 |
비교예 7 | 0.4 | 0.85 |
단위: mL/g | 총 가스 발생량 |
실시예 2 | 78.3 |
실시예 4 | 73.7 |
비교예 6 | 98.3 |
비교예 7 | 129.5 |
Claims (12)
- 양극, 음극 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막을 포함하는 전극 조립체; 및 비수계 유기용매, 리튬염 및 전해액 첨가제를 포함하는 전해액 조성물을 포함하고,상기 양극은 양극 집전체 상에 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극 활성층과 고분자 피막을 순차적으로 적층된 구조를 가지며,상기 음극은 음극 집전체 상에 음극활물질로서 탄소 물질 및 규소 물질을 함유하는 음극 활성층을 포함하고,초기 방전 용량(DC)와 초기 충전 용량(CC)의 비율(DC/CC)은 0.7내지 1.2인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,양극은 XPS 분석 시 하기 식 1을 만족하는 리튬 이차전지:[식 1]0.5≤ PC/PN ≤5PC는 284.0±0.5 eV에 존재하는 피크의 강도를 나타내고,PN는 402.5±0.5 eV에 존재하는 피크의 강도를 나타낸다.
- 제1항에 있어서,전해액 첨가제는 질소(N) 및 탄소(C)를 포함하는 중합성 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,전해액 첨가제는 피롤기 및 아닐린기 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 화합물인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,전해액 첨가제는 전해액 조성물 전체 중량에 대하여 0.01 내지 5 중량%로 포함되는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,고분자 피막은 5nm 내지 500㎛의 평균 두께를 갖는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,양극활물질은 하기 화학식 1로 나타내는 인산철 화합물을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지:[화학식 1]LiFeaM1 1-aXO4상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, CO, Ni, Mn, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, 및 Mo로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고,X는 P, Si, S, As 및 Sb로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상이며,a 는 0≤a≤0.5이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,탄소 물질은 천연 흑연, 인조 흑연, 팽창 흑연, 난흑연화 탄소, 카본 블랙, 아세틸렌 블랙 및 케첸 블랙으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,규소 물질은 규소(Si), 탄화규소(SiC) 및 산화규소(SiOq, 단, 0.8≤q≤2.5) 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,규소 물질은 음극활물질 전체 중량에 대하여 1 내지 20 중량%로 포함되는 리튬 이차전지.
- 양극, 음극 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 배치된 분리막을 포함하는 전극 조립체가 삽입된 전지 케이스에 전해액 조성물을 주입하여 이차전지를 조립하는 단계; 및조립된 이차전지를 SOC 10% 이상이 되도록 충전을 수행하여 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극 활성층 상에 고분자 피막을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 전해액 조성물은 비수계 유기용매, 리튬염 및 전해액 첨가제를 포함하며,상기 음극은 음극 집전체 상에 음극활물질로서 탄소 물질 및 규소 물질을 함유하는 음극 활성층을 포함하고,조립된 이차전지는 초기 방전 용량(DC)와 초기 충전 용량(CC)의 비율(DC/CC)은 0.7 내지 1.2인 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,충전은 25~70℃에서 0.01C 내지 3.0C의 C-rate로 수행되는 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법.
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Citations (7)
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KR20060062005A (ko) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 전압에서 안정한 금속이 피복되어 있는 양극 집전체및 그것을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20120111272A (ko) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 니트릴계 화합물, 이를 이용한 비수 전해액, 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20150015069A (ko) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 상이한 전극재 층들을 포함하는 전극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20150042091A (ko) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR101660091B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-26 | 2016-09-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20190056997A (ko) | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재에 포함되는 비가역 첨가제의 제조방법, 이에 의해 제조된 비가역 첨가제를 포함하는 양극재, 및 양극재를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20220075481A (ko) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-08 | 한국전자기술연구원 | 라이다 센서와 카메라 간 온라인 캘리브레이션 방법 및 장치 |
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2022
- 2022-06-21 KR KR1020220075481A patent/KR20230174492A/ko unknown
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2023
- 2023-01-11 CN CN202380012730.0A patent/CN117730443A/zh active Pending
- 2023-01-11 WO PCT/KR2023/000488 patent/WO2023249188A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2023-01-11 EP EP23825348.8A patent/EP4345970A1/en active Pending
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KR20060062005A (ko) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 전압에서 안정한 금속이 피복되어 있는 양극 집전체및 그것을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20120111272A (ko) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 니트릴계 화합물, 이를 이용한 비수 전해액, 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR101660091B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-26 | 2016-09-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20150015069A (ko) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 상이한 전극재 층들을 포함하는 전극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20150042091A (ko) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20190056997A (ko) | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재에 포함되는 비가역 첨가제의 제조방법, 이에 의해 제조된 비가역 첨가제를 포함하는 양극재, 및 양극재를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20220075481A (ko) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-08 | 한국전자기술연구원 | 라이다 센서와 카메라 간 온라인 캘리브레이션 방법 및 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4345970A1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
CN117730443A (zh) | 2024-03-19 |
KR20230174492A (ko) | 2023-12-28 |
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