WO2023246952A1 - 可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法 - Google Patents

可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023246952A1
WO2023246952A1 PCT/CN2023/111206 CN2023111206W WO2023246952A1 WO 2023246952 A1 WO2023246952 A1 WO 2023246952A1 CN 2023111206 W CN2023111206 W CN 2023111206W WO 2023246952 A1 WO2023246952 A1 WO 2023246952A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prefabricated
cylinder unit
ring
prefabricated cylinder
snap
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/111206
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王群伟
张友良
Original Assignee
中国化学工程第十三建设有限公司
海南大学
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Application filed by 中国化学工程第十三建设有限公司, 海南大学 filed Critical 中国化学工程第十三建设有限公司
Publication of WO2023246952A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246952A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/22—Containers for fluent solids, e.g. silos, bunkers; Supports therefor

Definitions

  • Chimneys, granulation towers, silos, etc. are all cylindrical tall structures, which are very common in applications in the chemical industry. At present, most of the construction methods of cylindrical structures are bottom-up construction, and the construction period is often very long. In addition, with the continuous acceleration of technological updates in the chemical industry, cylindrical structures often fail before they have reached their service life. Dismantling is required due to process improvements or other reasons.
  • the currently commonly used demolition method is generally blasting demolition. This demolition method not only leads to the waste of building materials, but also produces a large amount of dust pollution and construction waste. Therefore, it is increasingly unable to adapt to the current development concept of energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • the shape of the first snap-in structure is a wedge with the tip pointing upward, and the bottom end of the first snap-in structure is formed as a first snap plane;
  • the shape of the second snap-in structure is a wedge shape with the tip pointing upward.
  • the second clamping structure is wedge-shaped, and the top of the second clamping structure is formed as a second clamping plane; the second clamping structure is located directly below the corresponding first clamping structure, and the second clamping plane is in contact with the corresponding first clamping plane touching up and down;
  • the limiting plate is fixedly connected to the ring wall of the ring platform;
  • Two sets of elastic arc plates are symmetrically connected to both sides of the guide inclined plate.
  • Each group includes a plurality of elastic arc plates spaced up and down; one end of the elastic arc plate is fixedly connected to the guide inclined plate, and the other end is fixed to the ring wall of the ring platform. Connection; wherein, the bottom wall of the lowermost elastic arc plate and the bottom end wall of the guide inclined plate together form a first snapping plane.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the prefabricated barrel unit has at least two grouting channels spaced along its circumferential direction, and each grouting channel is offset up and down and is connected to the annular groove.
  • each group of circular holes includes a plurality of circular holes spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the annular platform, and each group of circular holes is spaced apart from each other.
  • the groups of circular holes are staggered along the circumferential direction of the ring platform.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a construction method for recyclable cylindrical structures, including the above-mentioned construction method and recycling method of recyclable cylindrical structures;
  • Step S400a hoist the next prefabricated cylinder unit, insert the ring platform of the previous prefabricated cylinder unit into the ring groove of the prefabricated cylinder unit, and make each first snap-in structure and each second snap-in structure Corresponding card connection;
  • Step S100b install the lifting device
  • Step S500b lower the hoisting device, and repeat steps S200b to S400b until the lowermost prefabricated cylinder unit is recovered;
  • the two ends of the crossbeam are detachably connected to the tops of the two support columns.
  • the two tie rods are detachably connected to the auxiliary parts at the corresponding positions; the middle of the crossbeam
  • the suspension has pulleys;
  • the two lifting driving parts are parallel to the vertical axis of the prefabricated barrel unit and distributed symmetrically.
  • the bottom end of the lifting driving part is detachably connected to the ring platform, and the top end of the lifting driving part is detachably connected to the cross beam.
  • the two lifting driving parts are used to drive The crossbeam and two support columns are raised and lowered.
  • the low strength feature can ensure that adjacent prefabricated cylinder units can rotate relative to each other under the action of external force during later disassembly, thereby disengaging the first snap-in structure and the second snap-in structure; and then lift the upper prefabricated cylinder unit upwards , the ring platform at the top of the lower prefabricated cylinder unit is detached from the ring groove at the bottom of the upper prefabricated cylinder unit, and disassembly can be achieved; the dismantling process of the structure provided by this application basically does not cause dust pollution and construction waste, and the dismantled prefabricated
  • the cylinder unit can also be assembled and used again, thus saving building materials and adapting to the development concept of energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • the beneficial effect of the construction method of recyclable cylindrical structures provided by this application is that compared with the existing technology, the above-mentioned recyclable cylindrical structures can be installed and recycled using the construction method provided by this application, and the installation and construction period is short. , the construction efficiency is high, and it can avoid a large amount of dust pollution and construction waste generated during the demolition process, thereby saving building materials and adapting to the development concept of energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram along line D-D in Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic top structural view of the hoisting device used in the embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or several of these features. In the description of this application, “plurality” and “several” mean two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.
  • the recyclable cylinder structure provided by the present application includes a plurality of prefabricated cylinder units 10 connected in sequence from bottom to top.
  • the upper end of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is provided with a ring platform 11 .
  • a plurality of first snap-in structures 111 are spaced along the circumferential direction of the inner ring wall and/or the outer ring wall of the ring platform 11 .
  • the lower end of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is provided with an annular groove 12.
  • a plurality of second snap-in structures 121 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction on one side of the groove peripheral wall and/or on the other side of the groove peripheral wall.
  • the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 can be a reinforced concrete pouring cylinder or a steel structure cylinder depending on specific needs; if the diameter of the structure is large, each prefabricated cylinder unit 10 can be multiple arc-shaped cylinders.
  • the pieces are butted and enclosed in sequence; the ring platform 11 is preferably made of a steel structure. If the prefabricated tube unit 10 is made of reinforced concrete, the ring platform 11 is partially embedded in the top of the prefabricated tube unit 10 and poured into one piece. With the prefabricated cylinder, or the ring platform 11 is directly integrally cast with the cylinder body.
  • the mud material 20 is preferably made of clay. After the mud material 20 is potted in the gap between the ring platform 11 and the ring groove 12, it is necessary to wait for the mud material 20 to be completely solidified. Since the strength of the mud material 20 after solidification and condensation is low, when dismantling, applying a rotational torque between two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10 can cause the two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10 to rotate relative to each other, thereby causing the first The snap-in structure 111 and the second snap-in structure 121 are dislocated in the circumferential direction of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10, thereby enabling them to move away from each other along the vertical axis of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 for disassembly. At the same time, the mud material 20 has an anti-corrosion effect; especially for the ring platform 11 made of a metal structure (such as a steel plate), the mud material 20 can prevent the metal structure from being rusted due to contact with air and rain.
  • a metal structure such as a
  • the recyclable cylindrical structure provided by this embodiment adopts a structure in which multiple prefabricated cylindrical units 10 are connected and assembled sequentially from bottom to top; the ring platform 11 at the top of the lower prefabricated cylindrical unit 10 can Insert into the annular groove 12 at the bottom of the upper prefabricated cylinder unit 10, and engage up and down through a plurality of one-to-one corresponding first snap-in structures 111 and second snap-in structures 121 to realize the connection between two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10. Reliable fixation and connection; on this basis, the gap between the ring platform 11 and the ring groove 12 is filled with mud material 20 to ensure the sealing of the connection between the two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10.
  • the foundation construction and the preparation of the prefabricated tube unit 10 can be carried out simultaneously.
  • the installation and construction of the prefabricated tube unit 10 can be carried out immediately after the foundation construction is completed, thereby greatly shortening the construction period and improving the construction efficiency; at the same time, utilizing The low strength of the mud material 20 after solidification and condensation can ensure that adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10 can rotate relative to each other under the action of external force during later disassembly, thereby disengaging the first snap-in structure 111 and the second snap-in structure 121; Then the upper prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is lifted upward, and the ring platform 11 at the top of the lower prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is detached from the ring groove 12 at the bottom of the upper prefabricated cylinder unit 10, so that disassembly can be achieved; the disassembly of the structure provided by this embodiment There is basically no dust pollution and construction waste generated in the process, and the disassembled prefabricated cylinder unit 10 can be assembled and used again, thereby saving building
  • the upper end of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is provided with first sealing rings 30 on both inner and outer sides of the ring platform 11 .
  • the first sealing rings 30 can seal the upper and lower adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10 .
  • Connection gap; the second sealing ring 40 is provided on the table surface of the ring table 11, and the second sealing ring 40 can seal the gap between the table surface of the ring table 11 and the groove bottom of the corresponding ring groove 12.
  • first snap-in structure 111 and second snap-in structure 121 in one embodiment, please refer to Figures 2 to 4, the shape of the first snap-in structure 111 is a wedge shape with the tip pointing upward, and The bottom end of the first clamping structure 111 is formed as a first clamping plane 1110; the shape of the second clamping structure 121 is a wedge with a downward tip, and the top end of the second clamping structure 121 is formed as a second clamping plane 1210 ; The second snap-in structure 121 is located directly below the corresponding first snap-in structure 111, and the second snap-in plane 1210 is in vertical contact with the corresponding first snap-in plane 1110; wherein, the first snap-in structure 111 and the second snap-in structure At least one of the clamping structures 121 has the elasticity to shrink and deform along the radial direction of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 .
  • the wedge-shaped first snap-in structure 111 and the second snap-in structure 121 can ensure the reliability of the snap-in; on the other hand, the first snap-in structure 111 and the second snap-in structure 121 that are aligned up and down during assembly can ensure squeeze each other, causing the elastic first clamping structure 111 and/or the second clamping structure 121 to undergo radial contraction and deformation; then, when the first clamping structure 111 slides upward as a whole through the second clamping structure 121 , the radial extrusion force between the two disappears; at this time, the elastic first snap-in structure 111 or/and the second snap-in structure 121 rebounds and returns to its original state, the first snap-in plane 1110 and the second snap-in structure The flat surface 1210 abuts up and down to achieve snap-in and fixation; during the assembly process, the upper prefabricated cylinder unit 10 only needs to move downward to insert the ring groove 12 into the ring platform 11 and complete the first snap-in structure 111 and the
  • the second snap-in structure 121 is located inside the annular groove 12 and is relatively difficult to prepare, a rigid wedge can be used.
  • the second clamping structure 121 can be a metal wedge, which can be fixed on the precast barrel unit 10 by pouring; that is, after the precast barrel unit 10 is poured, a part of the metal wedge is buried in the precast barrel unit. 10 in the reinforced concrete, and the other part is exposed in the ring groove 12.
  • the second snap-in structure 121 is located on the ring surface of the ring platform 11 and is relatively difficult to prepare. Therefore, an elastic wedge structure composed of a limiting plate 1111, a guide inclined plate 1112 and two sets of elastic arc plates 1113 can be used.
  • Two sets of elastic arc plates 1113 connect the guide inclined plate 1112 to the ring platform 11 and maintain the tilted state; at the same time, the limiting plate 1111 abuts the top of the guide inclined plate 1112, so that the guide inclined plate 1112 can be positioned to ensure that the guide inclined plate 1112 is positioned.
  • Plate 1112 has sufficient structural strength.
  • the wedge-shaped surface of the second snap-in structure 121 gradually squeezes the first The guide ramp plate 1112 of the snap-in structure 111; the guide ramp plate 1112 squeezes the two sets of elastic arc plates 1113 to cause bending deformation, thereby reducing the inclination angle of the guide ramp plate 1112 until the wedge-shaped surface of the first snap-in structure 111 Completely slides through the guide ramp 1112; after that, the guide ramp 1112 resets under the rebound force of the two sets of elastic arc plates 1113 and returns to the state before it was not squeezed (that is, the state shown in Figure 6), thereby making the guide
  • the first clamping plane 1110 formed by the bottom end wall of the inclined plate 1112 and the bottom wall of the lowermost elastic arc plate 1113 forms a clamping relationship with the second clamping plane 1210, thereby realizing the first clamping structure
  • marking lines can be set on the outer peripheral wall of the prefabricated barrel unit 10; during assembly, only It is necessary to align the marking lines of the upper and lower prefabricated cylinder units 10 through observation and adjustment to ensure that the first snap-in structure 111 and the second snap-in structure 121 correspond one to one and are aligned up and down.
  • second snap-in structures 121 are provided on both sides of the circumferential walls of the annular groove 12 , and the second snap-in structures 121 on both sides of the circumferential walls of the annular groove 12 are displaced up and down, and The second snap-in structures 121 on both sides of the groove peripheral walls of the annular groove 12 are staggeredly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular groove 12 .
  • each second clamping structure 121 needs to be clamped correspondingly with each first clamping structure 111
  • the first clamping structure 111 is also provided on the inner and outer ring walls of the ring platform 11; after the assembly is completed , the inner and outer side walls of the ring platform 11 are snap-fitted with the two side groove peripheral walls of the ring groove 12, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection of the two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10; and, due to the two sides of the ring groove 12
  • the second snap-in structures 121 on the peripheral wall of the side groove are staggered along the circumferential direction of the annular groove 12, which can reduce the angle between two adjacent second snap-in structures along the circumferential direction of the annular groove 12 and improve the circumferential uniformity of the snap-in force. properties, thereby improving the connection stability and reliability between two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the precast barrel unit 10 has at least two grouting holes 13 spaced apart along its circumferential direction. Each grouting hole 13 is offset up and down and is connected to the annular groove 12 .
  • two grouting operations can be performed; during the first grouting, the mud material is injected through a grouting hole 13 20, and use another grouting hole 13 farthest from the grouting hole 13 for exhaust, and stop grouting after the grouting hole 13 for exhaust flows out of the mud material 20; then, proceed to the next precast cylinder Assembly of Unit 10.
  • each prefabricated cylinder unit 10 can be re-grouted from top to bottom or bottom to top; in this way, re-grouting can be avoided.
  • the time spent waiting for the mud material 20 to solidify before slurry takes up the subsequent assembly and construction time of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10, thereby improving construction efficiency.
  • the grouting hole 13 used for exhausting the previous time can be used to inject the mud material 20, and at the same time, the grouting hole 13 used for the previous grouting can be used for exhausting.
  • multiple groups of circular holes 112 are distributed on the peripheral wall of the annular platform 11 .
  • the multiple groups of circular holes 112 are spaced up and down.
  • Each group of circular holes 112 includes a circumferential spaced distribution along the circumferential direction of the annular platform 11 .
  • a plurality of circular holes 112 , and the circular holes 112 of each group are staggeredly distributed along the circumferential direction of the ring platform 11 .
  • each circular hole 112 is spaced and staggered along the vertical axis direction of the ring platform 11 and the circumferential direction of the ring platform 11, which can prevent two or more circular holes 112 from being vertically aligned and affecting the structural strength of the ring platform 11, thus ensuring relative stability.
  • the auxiliary part 14 is provided on the outer wall of the prefabricated tube unit 10, and the auxiliary part 14 is used to fix peripheral construction equipment.
  • the auxiliary part 14 may be a corbel structure formed integrally with the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 or a connecting steel plate structure partially embedded inside the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 .
  • the provision of auxiliary parts 14 can provide convenience for fixing construction equipment (such as lifting racks, hoisting racks, etc.) during the construction process, thereby reducing construction difficulty and improving construction efficiency.
  • This application also provides a construction method for the above-mentioned recyclable cylindrical structure.
  • the construction method includes a construction method and a recycling method.
  • the construction method of the above-mentioned recyclable cylindrical structure includes the following steps:
  • the basic structure should include a connection structure suitable for plug-fitting with the annular groove 12 at the bottom of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 at the bottom.
  • This connection structure can be the same or similar structure as the ring platform 11 at the top of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10.
  • the connection structure should also have a first snap-in structure 111 corresponding to the second snap-in structure 121 .
  • Step S200a install the hoisting device and pre-install two adjacent prefabricated cylinder units 10 on the ground;
  • Step S300a install the first prefabricated cylinder unit 10 on the foundation
  • the gap between its bottom end and the foundation, as well as the gap inside the ring groove 12, should be sealed with grouting.
  • the grouting position should be changed and potted again for a second time, so as to fully fill the gap between the ring groove 12 and the ring platform 11, and improve the sealing and connection reliability.
  • the two pottings include the first potting during the assembly process of each prefabricated cylinder unit 10, and the overall second potting after the assembly of all prefabricated cylinder units 10 is completed; and the second potting is performed after the assembly of all prefabricated cylinder units 10 is completed.
  • the first potting instead of the second potting immediately after the first potting, can avoid prolonging the construction time and affecting the construction progress due to waiting for the mud material 20 of the first potting to solidify.
  • Each lifting height of the hoisting device may be the height of a single prefabricated cylinder unit 10 .
  • Step S700a remove the lifting device.
  • Step S100b install the lifting device
  • Step S200b push the auxiliary part 14 of the outer peripheral wall of the topmost prefabricated cylinder unit 10 through the pushing mechanism 51, and drive the topmost prefabricated cylinder unit 10 to rotate relative to the next layer of prefabricated cylinder unit 10, so that each first snap
  • the structure 111 is separated from the corresponding second snap-in structure 121;
  • the pushing mechanism 51 may be at least two jacks spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the precast cylinder unit 10 .
  • each jack pushes the auxiliary part 14 at the corresponding position in the same circumferential direction (counterclockwise or clockwise), thereby causing the upper prefabricated cylinder unit 10 to rotate relative to the lower prefabricated cylinder unit 10.
  • the second clamping structure 121 and the first clamping structure 111 are dislocated along the circumferential direction of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 .
  • Step S300b lift the topmost prefabricated cylinder unit 10 upward through the hoisting device, so that the ring groove 12 of the topmost prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is separated from the ring platform 11 of the next layer of prefabricated cylinder unit 10;
  • Step S400b lower the topmost prefabricated cylinder unit 10 to the ground through a hoisting device
  • Step S500b lower the hoisting device, and repeat steps S200b to S400b until the recovery of the lowermost prefabricated cylinder unit 10 is completed;
  • the height that the hoisting device is lowered each time can be the height of the single-layer prefabricated cylinder unit 10 .
  • Step S600b remove the lifting device.
  • the construction method of recyclable cylindrical structures provided by this embodiment has a short installation and construction period and high construction efficiency, and can avoid a large amount of dust pollution and construction waste generated during the dismantling process, thereby saving construction materials and adapting to The development concept of energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the hoisting device includes:
  • Two support columns 50 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 and parallel to the vertical axis of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10.
  • the support columns 50 are detachably connected to the auxiliary parts 14;
  • the two ends of the cross beam 60 are detachably connected to the tops of the two support columns 50 respectively.
  • At least two pull rods 61 at an angle are distributed on the cross beam 60.
  • the two pull rods 61 can be connected to the auxiliary parts 14 at corresponding positions. Disassembly and connection; a pulley 62 is suspended in the middle of the cross beam 60;
  • the hoist 70 is fixed on the ground and is located on one side of the beam 60.
  • the overhanging end of the rope 71 of the hoist 70 passes through the pulley 62 and hangs to the other side of the beam 60.
  • the overhanging end of the rope 71 is used to hoist the prefabricated materials to be installed. barrel unit 10;
  • the track 80 extends upward along the outer peripheral wall of the precast tube unit 10 and is fixedly connected to the auxiliary part 14. There are a plurality of rubber rollers 81 spaced on the track 80 along its extension direction. The rubber rollers 81 are used to roll and support the precast tube to be installed. Peripheral wall of unit 10;
  • the two lifting driving parts 90 are parallel to the vertical axis of the prefabricated barrel unit 10 and distributed symmetrically.
  • the bottom end of the lifting driving part 90 is detachably connected to the ring platform 11, and the top end of the lifting driving part 90 is detachably connected to the cross beam 60.
  • Two The lifting driving member 90 is used to drive the cross beam 60 and the two support columns 50 to rise and fall.
  • the support column 50 should be detachably connected to the auxiliary parts 14 aligned in the up and down direction on at least two installed prefabricated cylinder units 10; the specific connection method may be threaded connection, plug-in connection or clamping. Just ensure the connection strength and stability of the support column 50.
  • the support column 50 can be provided with a mounting seat suitable for installing the above-mentioned pushing mechanism 51 (such as a jack); in addition, since the cylindrical structure may be a structure with the same diameter up and down (such as a storage structure), it may also be a structure with variable diameters up and down.
  • connection between 60 and the two support columns 50 should be able to adjust the connection position along the length direction of the cross beam 60; for example, the beam body of the cross beam 60 has multiple sets of connection holes spaced along its length direction, and each set of connection holes can be connected with the cross beam 60 through fasteners.
  • the support column 50 is connected; or, the top of the support column 50 is provided with two splints connected by fasteners, and the two splints are used to clamp the cross beam 60 to achieve a detachable connection, thereby realizing adjustment of the connection position.
  • the hoist 70 when hoisting the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 from the ground, after connecting the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 to be installed through the rope 71 of the hoist 70 , the hoist 70 is started, and the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 moves along the track 80 under the traction of the hoist 70 Ascending; since the rubber rollers 81 are arranged on the track 80 to roll and support the prefabricated cylinder unit 10, it can protect the prefabricated cylinder unit 10, avoid collision and wear, reduce the rising resistance, and reduce the difficulty of hoisting.
  • the lifting driving member 90 includes a card seat 91, a hydraulic jack 92, a force transmission column 93, and a screw sleeve 94; wherein the card seat 91 is connected to the ring of the topmost prefabricated cylinder unit 10
  • the platform 11 is detachably connected, the hydraulic jack 92 is fixedly connected to the card base 91, the bottom end of the force transmission column 93 is connected to the pushing end of the hydraulic jack 92, the top end of the force transmission column 93 is rotatably connected to the screw sleeve 94, and the screw
  • the sleeve 94 is fixedly connected to the cross beam 60 .
  • the lifting driving member 90 is mainly used to drive the cross beam 60 and the two support columns 50 to lift.
  • the clamp 91 is clamped on the ring platform 11 of the installed top prefabricated cylinder unit 10; then, connect the two ends of the force transmission column 93 with the screw sleeve 94 respectively.
  • the hydraulic jack 92 Connected to the hydraulic jack 92, after removing the connection between the two support columns 50 and the auxiliary parts 14, the hydraulic jack 92 pushes the beam 60 upward, and after raising the height of the prefabricated tube unit 10, the support column 50 is reconnected to the The auxiliary parts 14 at the corresponding positions are fixed, and finally the lifting driving part 90 is removed to assemble the next prefabricated cylinder unit 10.
  • the card base 91 When dismantling the prefabricated tube unit 10 and lowering the height of the beam 60, the card base 91 is also first fixed and connected to the force transmission column 93, and then the connection between the two support columns 50 and the auxiliary parts 14 is removed, and the hydraulic jack 92 is retracted.
  • the cross beam 60 is lowered by one height of the prefabricated tube unit 10, and then the two support columns 50 are fixedly connected to the auxiliary parts 14 at corresponding positions.
  • the hoisting device may also include a working platform 52 surrounding the periphery of the prefabricated cylinder unit 10 .
  • Electric hoists 63 can be respectively provided at both ends of the cross beam 60 .
  • the ends of the slings of the two electric hoists 63 are respectively connected to the working platform 52 , and the working platform 52 is detachably connected to the two support columns 50 .
  • the working platform 52 is mainly used to carry workers. As the assembly or disassembly process proceeds, the working platform 52 can be driven up and down by two electric hoists 63 .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法，可回收式筒类构筑物包括自下而上依次相接的多个预制筒单元；预制筒单元的上端设置有环台，环台的内环壁和/或外环壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第一卡接结构，预制筒单元的下端设置有环槽，环槽的其中一侧槽周壁和/或另一侧槽周壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第二卡接结构；其中，位于下方的预制筒单元的环台与其上方的预制筒单元的环槽插接，且各个第一卡接结构与各个第二卡接结构一一对应上下卡接，环台的内外环壁与环槽的两侧槽周壁之间均灌封有泥浆料。本申请提供的可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法，建设施工效率高，且拆卸后的预制筒单元还能回收利用，促进节能环保。

Description

可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法
本专利申请要求于2023年1月17日提交的中国专利申请No.CN 202310059842.3的优先权。在先申请的公开内容通过整体引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请属于筒类构筑物技术领域，具体涉及一种可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法。
 背景技术
烟囱、造粒塔、筒仓等均为筒类高耸构筑物，尤其在化工行业的应用极为常见。目前，筒类构筑物的施工方式大多为自下而上依次构筑施工，施工周期往往十分漫长；另外，随着化工行业技术更新速度的不断加快，筒类构筑物往往在尚未达到其使用寿命时就会因工艺改进或其它原因而需要进行拆除。当前常用的拆除方式一般是爆破拆除，这种拆除方式不仅会导致建筑材料的浪费，还会产生大量的粉尘污染和建筑垃圾，因此越来越无法适应当前节能环保的发展理念。
 技术问题
本申请提供一种可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法，旨在解决当前筒类构筑物建设周期长，拆除会导致材料浪费和环境污染的问题。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案是：第一方面，提供一种可回收式筒类构筑物，包括自下而上依次相接的多个预制筒单元；预制筒单元的上端设置有环台，环台的内环壁和/或外环壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第一卡接结构，预制筒单元的下端设置有环槽，环槽的其中一侧槽周壁和/或另一侧槽周壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第二卡接结构；
其中，位于下方的预制筒单元的环台与其上方的预制筒单元的环槽插接，且各个第一卡接结构与各个第二卡接结构一一对应上下卡接，环台的内外环壁与环槽的两侧槽周壁之间均灌封有泥浆料。
一种可能的实现方式中，预制筒单元的上端于环台的内外两侧均设有第一密封圈，第一密封圈用于密封上下相邻两个预制筒单元的连接间隙；环台的台面上设有第二密封圈，第二密封圈用于密封环台的台面与相应环槽的槽底之间的间隙。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一卡接结构的形状为尖端朝上的楔形，且第一卡接结构的底端形成为第一卡接平面；第二卡接结构的形状为尖端朝下的楔形，且第二卡接结构的顶端形成为第二卡接平面；第二卡接结构位于相应第一卡接结构的正下方，且第二卡接平面与相应的第一卡接平面上下抵接；
其中，第一卡接结构和第二卡接结构的至少其一具有沿预制筒单元的径向收缩变形的弹性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二卡接结构为刚性楔块，第一卡接结构为弹性楔块，弹性楔块包括：
限位板，固定连接于环台的环壁上；
导向斜板，与环台的环壁连接，且顶端与限位板抵接，底端向斜下方延伸；
两组弹性弧板，对称连接于导向斜板的两侧，每组包括上下间隔分布的多个弹性弧板；弹性弧板的一端与导向斜板固定连接，另一端与环台的环壁固定连接；其中，最下方的弹性弧板的底壁与导向斜板的底端壁共同形成第一卡接平面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，环槽的两侧槽周壁均设有第二卡接结构，环槽的两侧槽周壁上的第二卡接结构上下错位，且环槽的两侧槽周壁上的第二卡接结构沿环槽的周向交错分布。
在一种可能的实现方式中，预制筒单元的外周壁沿其周向间隔分布有至少两个注浆孔道，各个注浆孔道上下错位且均与环槽连通。
在一种可能的实现方式中，环台的周壁上分布有多组圆孔，多组圆孔上下间隔分布，每组圆孔包括沿环台的周向间隔分布的多个圆孔，且各组的圆孔沿环台的周向交错分布。
在一种可能的实现方式中，预制筒单元的外侧壁上设有辅件，辅件用于固定外围施工设备。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法，包括上述可回收式筒类构筑物的构筑方法和回收方法；
其中，构筑方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S100a，施工基础，同时制备预制筒单元；
步骤S200a，安装吊装装置，同时在地面对相邻两个预制筒单元进行预安装；
步骤S300a，在基础上安装第一节预制筒单元；
步骤S400a，吊装下一节预制筒单元，将上一节预制筒单元的环台对应插装于该节预制筒单元的环槽内，并使各个第一卡接结构与各个第二卡接结构对应卡接；
步骤S500a，向环槽与环台之间的间隙内注入泥浆料进行灌封；
步骤S600a，提升吊装装置，并重复步骤S400a和步骤S500a，直至最后一节预制筒单元安装完成；
步骤S700a，拆除吊装装置；
其中，回收方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S100b，安装吊装装置；
步骤S200b，通过顶推机构推顶最顶层的预制筒单元的外周壁的辅件，驱动最顶层的预制筒单元相对下一层的预制筒单元转动，使各个第一卡接结构与相应的第二卡接结构脱离；
步骤S300b，通过吊装装置向上提升最顶层的预制筒单元，使最顶层的预制筒单元的环槽与下一层的预制筒单元的环台脱离；
步骤S400b，通过吊装装置将最顶层的预制筒单元下放至地面；
步骤S500b，降低吊装装置，并重复步骤S200b至步骤S400b，直至最下层的预制筒单元回收完成；
步骤S600b，拆除吊装装置。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，吊装装置包括：
两个支撑柱，对称分布于预制筒单元的两侧且平行于预制筒单元的竖轴，支撑柱与辅件可拆卸连接；
横梁，两端分别与两个支撑柱的顶端可拆卸连接，横梁上间隔分布有至少两个与其成夹角状态的拉杆，两个拉杆分别与相应位置上的辅件可拆卸连接；横梁的中间悬挂有滑轮；
卷扬机，固定于地面上，且位于横梁的一侧，卷扬机的绳索的悬垂端穿过滑轮并悬垂至横梁的另一侧，绳索的悬垂端用于吊装待安装的预制筒单元；
轨道，沿预制筒单元的外周壁向上延伸，且与辅件固定连接，轨道上沿其延伸方向间隔分布有多个橡胶辊，橡胶辊用于滚动支撑待安装的预制筒单元的外周壁；
两个升降驱动件，平行于预制筒单元的竖轴并对称分布，升降驱动件的底端与环台可拆卸连接，升降驱动件的顶端与横梁可拆卸连接，两个升降驱动件用于带动横梁和两个支撑柱升降。
 有益效果
本申请提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的有益效果在于：与现有技术相比，本申请提供的可回收式筒类构筑物采用了多个预制筒单元自下而上依次相接、组装的结构；下方预制筒单元顶端的环台能够插入上方预制筒单元底端的环槽中，并通过多个一一对应的第一卡接结构和第二卡接结构上下卡接而实现相邻两个预制筒单元之间的可靠的固定和连接；在此基础上，环台与环槽之间的间隙内灌封有泥浆料，以保证相邻两个预制筒单元之间的连接密封性；建造本申请提供的构筑物时，基础施工和预制筒单元的制备能够同步进行，基础施工完成后即可立即进行预制筒单元的安装施工，从而大大缩短建设周期，提高施工效率；同时利用泥浆料固化、凝结后强度低的特性，能够保证后期拆除时相邻预制筒单元之间在外力作用下可相对转动，从而使第一卡接结构和第二卡接结构脱离；然后将上方的预制筒单元向上提升、下方的预制筒单元顶端的环台从上方的预制筒单元底端的环槽脱离，即可实现拆卸；本申请提供的构筑物的拆除过程基本没有粉尘污染和建筑垃圾的产生，而且拆卸后的预制筒单元还能够再次进行组装使用，从而能够节约建筑材料，适应节能环保的发展理念。
本申请提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法的有益效果在于：与现有技术相比，采用本申请提供的施工方法能够对上述可回收式筒类构筑物进行安装和回收，安装建设周期短，施工效率高，且能够避免拆除过程产生大量粉尘污染和建筑垃圾，从而节约建筑材料，适应节能环保的发展理念。
 附图说明
图1为本申请实施方式提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的装配结构示意图；
图2为图1中A处的局部放大结构示意图；
图3为图1中B处的局部放大结构示意图；
图4为图1中C处的局部放大结构示意图；
图5为沿图1中D-D线的剖视结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施方式所采用的第一卡接结构的结构示意图；
图7为沿图6中E-E线的剖视结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施方式提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的构筑方法的流程框图；
图9为本申请实施方式提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的回收方法的流程框图；
图10为本申请实施方式提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法所采用的吊装装置的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施方式所采用的吊装装置的俯视结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施方式所采用的吊装装置的侧视结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施方式所采用的顶推机构的工作状态示意图；
图14为本申请实施方式所采用的升降驱动件的结构示意图。
图中：10、预制筒单元；11、环台；111、第一卡接结构；1110、第一卡接平面；1111、限位板；1112、导向斜板；1113、弹性弧板；112、圆孔；12、环槽；121、第二卡接结构；1210、第二卡接平面；13、注浆孔道；14、辅件；20、泥浆料；30、第一密封圈；40、第二密封圈；50、支撑柱；51、顶推机构；52、作业平台；60、横梁；61、拉杆；62、滑轮；63、电动葫芦；70、卷扬机；71、绳索；80、轨道；81、橡胶辊；90、升降驱动件；91、卡座；92、液压千斤顶；93、传力柱；94、螺套。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施方式，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件时，它可以直接地连接另一个元件或者间接地连接另一个元件。需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系为基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方向或位置、以特定的方向或位置构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者若干个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”、“若干个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
请一并参阅图1至图7，现对本申请提供的可回收式筒类构筑物进行说明。在一个实施方式中，如图1和图2所示，本申请提供的可回收式筒类构筑物包括自下而上依次相接的多个预制筒单元10。预制筒单元10的上端设置有环台11。环台11的内环壁和/或外环壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第一卡接结构111。预制筒单元10的下端设置有环槽12，环槽12的其中一侧槽周壁和/或另一侧槽周壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第二卡接结构121。
本实施方式中，位于下方的预制筒单元10的环台11与其上方的预制筒单元10的环槽12插接，且各个第一卡接结构111与各个第二卡接结构121一一对应上下卡接，环台11的内外环壁与环槽12的两侧槽周壁之间均灌封有泥浆料20。
需要说明的是，本实施方式中预制筒单元10视具体需求可以是钢筋混凝土浇筑筒体，也可以是钢结构筒体；若构筑物直径较大，每个预制筒单元10可以是多个弧形片依次对接围合而成；环台11优选采用钢结构制作，若预制筒单元10为钢筋混凝土浇筑而成，则环台11采用部分埋设于预制筒单元10的顶端并浇筑为一体的方式实现与预制筒，或者环台11直接与筒体一体浇筑成型。
本实施方式中，泥浆料20优选采用黏土制备。泥浆料20灌封在环台11与环槽12之间的间隙后，需等待泥浆料20完全固化。由于泥浆料20固化、凝结后的强度较低，因此拆除时在相邻两个预制筒单元10之间施加旋转扭矩，即可使该相邻两个预制筒单元10相对转动，从而使第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121在预制筒单元10的周向形成错位，进而使两者能够沿预制筒单元10竖轴方向相互远离以实现拆卸。同时，泥浆料20具有防腐效果；尤其对于金属结构（如钢板）制成的环台11而言，泥浆料20能够避免金属结构与空气和雨水接触而锈蚀。
本实施方式提供的可回收式筒类构筑物，与现有技术相比，采用了多个预制筒单元10自下而上依次相接、组装的结构；下方预制筒单元10顶端的环台11能够插入上方预制筒单元10底端的环槽12中，并通过多个一一对应的第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121上下卡接而实现相邻两个预制筒单元10之间的可靠的固定和连接；在此基础上，环台11与环槽12之间的间隙内灌封有泥浆料20，以保证相邻两个预制筒单元10之间的连接密封性。建造本实施方式提供的构筑物时，基础施工和预制筒单元10的制备能够同步进行，基础施工完成后即可立即进行预制筒单元10的安装施工，从而大大缩短建设周期，提高施工效率；同时利用泥浆料20固化、凝结后强度低的特性，能够保证后期拆除时相邻预制筒单元10之间在外力作用下可相对转动，从而使第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121脱离；然后将上方的预制筒单元10向上提升、下方的预制筒单元10顶端的环台11从上方的预制筒单元10底端的环槽12中脱离，即可实现拆卸；本实施方式提供的构筑物的拆除过程基本没有粉尘污染和建筑垃圾的产生，而且拆卸后的预制筒单元10还能够再次进行组装使用，从而能够节约建筑材料，适应节能环保的发展理念。
在一个实施方式中，参见图1，预制筒单元10的上端于环台11的内外两侧均设有第一密封圈30，第一密封圈30能够密封上下相邻两个预制筒单元10的连接间隙；环台11的台面上设有第二密封圈40，第二密封圈40能够密封环台11的台面与相应环槽12的槽底之间的间隙。通过设置两道，即第一密封圈30和第二密封圈40，能够确保相邻两个预制筒单元10之间的连接密封性，防止构筑物（如烟囱）内部气体泄漏，同时还能够避免雨水由相邻两个预制筒单元10间的连接处渗入构筑物内部。
作为对上述第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121的进一步改进，在一个实施方式中，请参阅图2至图4，第一卡接结构111的形状为尖端朝上的楔形，且第一卡接结构111的底端形成为第一卡接平面1110；第二卡接结构121的形状为尖端朝下的楔形，且第二卡接结构121的顶端形成为第二卡接平面1210；第二卡接结构121位于相应第一卡接结构111的正下方，且第二卡接平面1210与相应的第一卡接平面1110上下抵接；其中，第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121的至少其一具有沿预制筒单元10的径向收缩变形的弹性。
一方面，采用楔形的第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121能够保证卡接的可靠性；另一方面，装配时上下对齐的第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121能够相互挤压，从而使具有弹性的第一卡接结构111或/和第二卡接结构121发生径向收缩变形；之后，当第一卡接结构111整体向上滑过第二卡接结构121后，两者之间的径向挤压力消失；此时具有弹性的第一卡接结构111或/和第二卡接结构121回弹并恢复原状，第一卡接平面1110和第二卡接平面1210上下抵接，从而实现卡接和固定；装配过程中，上方的预制筒单元10只需向下运动即可使环槽12与环台11插接并完成第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121的卡接和固定；这种装配方式一方面能够提高装配效率，另一方面能够避免装配过程上方的预制筒单元10相对于下方的预制筒单元10旋转而损伤第一密封圈30和/或第二密封圈40，从而确保装配完成后相邻两个预制筒单元10之间的密封可靠性。
在一个实施方式中，参见图6和图7，第二卡接结构121为刚性楔块，第一卡接结构111为弹性楔块；弹性楔块包括限位板1111、导向斜板1112和两组弹性弧板1113；限位板1111固定连接于环台11的环壁上；导向斜板1112与环台11的环壁连接，且顶端与限位板1111抵接，底端向斜下方延伸；两组弹性弧板1113对称连接于导向斜板1112的两侧，每组弹性弧板1113包括上下间隔分布的多个弹性弧板1113；弹性弧板1113的一端与导向斜板1112固定连接，另一端与环台11的环壁固定连接；其中，最下方的弹性弧板1113的底壁与导向斜板1112的底端壁共同形成第一卡接平面1110。
由于第二卡接结构121位于环槽12内部，制备难度相对较大，因此可以采用刚性楔块。示例性的，第二卡接结构121可以是金属楔块，其可以通过浇筑的方式固定在预制筒单元10上；即，预制筒单元10浇筑完成后，金属楔块的一部分埋在预制筒单元10的钢筋混凝土内，另一部则暴露在环槽12中。第二卡接结构121位于环台11的环面上，制备难度相对较小，因此可以采用由限位板1111、导向斜板1112和两组弹性弧板1113组成的弹性楔块结构。两组弹性弧板1113将导向斜板1112连接在环台11上并保持倾斜状态；同时，限位板1111抵接导向斜板1112的顶端，从而能够对导向斜板1112进行定位，保证导向斜板1112具有足够大的结构强度。基于本实施方式提供的第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121，组装时随着环台11插入环槽12深度的逐渐增加，第二卡接结构121的楔形面逐渐挤压第一卡接结构111的导向斜板1112；导向斜板1112挤压两组弹性弧板1113使其产生弯曲变形，从而使导向斜板1112的倾斜角度减小，直至第一卡接结构111的楔形面完全滑过导向斜板1112；之后，导向斜板1112在两组弹性弧板1113的回弹力作用下复位、重新回到未被挤压之前的状态（即图6所示状态），从而使导向斜板1112的底端壁和最下方的弹性弧板1113的底壁共同形成的第一卡接平面1110与第二卡接平面1210形成卡接关系，实现第一卡接结构111与第二卡接结构121的卡接；这种卡接结构简单可靠，且能够提高装配效率。
应当理解的是，在组装时，由于需要各个第一卡接结构111和各个第二卡接结构121一一对应上下对齐，因此可以在预制筒单元10的外周壁上设置标线；组装时只需通过观察和调整，使上下两个预制筒单元10的标线对齐即可保证第一卡接结构111与第二卡接结构121一一对应且上下对齐。
在一个实施方式中，如图5所示，环槽12的两侧槽周壁均设有第二卡接结构121，环槽12的两侧槽周壁上的第二卡接结构121上下错位，且环槽12的两侧槽周壁上的第二卡接结构121沿环槽12的周向交错分布。需要说明的是，由于各个第二卡接结构121需要与各个第一卡接结构111对应卡接，因此在环台11的内外环壁上也均设置有第一卡接结构111；组装完成后，环台11的内外两侧壁分别与环槽12的两侧槽周壁形成卡接固定，从而确保上下相邻的两个预制筒单元10的连接的可靠性；并且，由于环槽12的两侧槽周壁上的第二卡接结构121沿环槽12周向交错分布，这能够使相邻两第二卡接结构沿环槽12周向的夹角减小，提高卡接力的周向均匀性，从而提高相邻两个预制筒单元10之间的连接稳定性和可靠性。
在一个实施方式中，参见图1，预制筒单元10的外周壁沿其周向间隔分布有至少两个注浆孔道13，各个注浆孔道13上下错位且均与环槽12连通。在向环台11与环槽12之间注入泥浆料20时，为提高泥浆料20对间隙的灌封效果，可进行两次注浆；第一注浆时通过一个注浆孔道13注入泥浆料20，并利用与该注浆孔道13距离最远的另一个注浆孔道13进行排气，在用于排气的注浆孔道13流出泥浆料20后停止注浆；然后，进行下一预制筒单元10的组装。在全部预制筒单元10组装完成后，之前注入的泥浆料20已经固化，此时可自上而下或自下而上对各个预制筒单元10进行二次注浆；如此，可以避免二次注浆前等待泥浆料20固化的时间占用后续预制筒单元10的组装施工时间，从而提高施工效率。二次注浆过程中，可使用前次用于排气的注浆孔道13注入泥浆料20，同时使用前次用于注浆的注浆孔道13进行排气。
在一个实施方式中，如图1所示，环台11的周壁上分布有多组圆孔112，多组圆孔112上下间隔分布，每组圆孔112包括沿环台11的周向间隔分布的多个圆孔112，且各组的圆孔112沿环台11的周向交错分布。灌注泥浆料20时，泥浆料20能够通过圆孔112在环台11的内侧和外侧之间流动；即，设置圆孔112有利于泥浆料20的流动，从而确保泥浆料20能够灌满环台11的内外环面和环槽12的两侧槽周壁之间的间隙，提高灌封效果；同时，通过设置圆孔112还能够降低环台11的重量，从而方便吊装施工并利于构筑物减重；此外，各个圆孔112沿环台11竖轴方向和环台11周向均间隔交错分布，这能够避免两个或两个以上的圆孔112竖向对齐而影响环台11的结构强度，从而保证相邻两预制筒单元10之间的连接强度和可靠性。
在一个实施方式中，如图1所示，预制筒单元10的外侧壁上设有辅件14，辅件14用于固定外围施工设备。辅件14可以是与预制筒单元10一体制备成型的牛腿结构或部分置入预制筒单元10内部的连接钢板结构。通过设置辅件14能够为施工过程中固定施工设备（如升降架、吊装架等）提供便利，从而降低施工难度，提高施工效率。
基于同一发明构思，请一并参阅图1、图2、图8和图9，本申请还提供了上述可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法。在一个实施方式中，所述施工方法包括构筑方法和回收方法。
如图8所示，上述可回收式筒类构筑物的构筑方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S100a，施工基础，同时制备预制筒单元10；
基础结构应当包括适于与最底层的预制筒单元10底端的环槽12进行插接配合的连接结构，该连接结构可以是与预制筒单元10顶端的环台11结构相同或相似的结构，同时该连接结构上也应当具有与第二卡接结构121对应卡接的第一卡接结构111。
步骤S200a，安装吊装装置，同时在地面对相邻两个预制筒单元10进行预安装；
本步骤中，当预制筒单元10的重量较小时，吊装装置可以是塔吊；当预制筒单元10的重量较大时，那么吊装装置不仅包括塔吊，还包括配合塔吊作业的其它设备（即，其它设备配合塔吊共同作业），或者不采用塔吊而采用其它专用设备进行吊装；关键是，本步骤中，安装吊装装置的同时，对相邻的预制筒单元10进行预安装，两者同时进行以提高效率；对预制筒单元10进行预安装能够及时发现安装问题并进行预先处理，从而保证正式安装时施工能够顺利进行，同时也有利于降低正式安装的施工难度，从而提升构筑施工效率。
步骤S300a，在基础上安装第一节预制筒单元10；
第一节预制筒单元10安装完成后，对于其底端与基础之间的间隙，以及环槽12内部的间隙，应当进行灌浆密封。
步骤S400a，吊装下一节预制筒单元10，将上一节预制筒单元10的环台11对应插装于该节预制筒单元10的环槽12内，并使各个第一卡接结构111与各个第二卡接结构121对应卡接；
本步骤中，在上方的预制筒单元10安装时，随着吊装装置下放该预制筒单元10，由于步骤S200a中在地面已经进行过预安装，因此通常在重力作用下即可实现第一卡接结构111和第二卡接结构121的卡接；必要时，操作人员可适当干预下放过程，如轻微晃动预制筒单元10。
步骤S500a，向环槽12与环台11之间的间隙内注入泥浆料20进行灌封；
为提高密封性，本步骤中泥浆料20灌封完成一次后应当换个注浆位置再次进行二次灌封，从而充分填充环槽12与环台11之间的间隙，提高密封性和连接可靠性。
具体的，两次灌封包括随各个预制筒单元10组装过程的一次灌封，以及在全部预制筒单元10组装完成后的整体二次灌封；在全部预制筒单元10组装完成后再进行二次灌封，而不是在一次灌封之后立即进行二次灌封，能够避免因等待一次灌封的泥浆料20固化而延长施工时间、影响施工进度。
步骤S600a，提升吊装装置，并重复步骤S400a和步骤S500a，直至最后一节预制筒单元10安装完成；
吊装装置的每次提升高度可以为单个预制筒单元10的高度。
步骤S700a，拆除吊装装置。
如图9、图10和图11所示，上述可回收式筒类构筑物的回收方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S100b，安装吊装装置；
步骤S200b，通过顶推机构51推顶最顶层的预制筒单元10的外周壁的辅件14，驱动最顶层的预制筒单元10相对下一层的预制筒单元10转动，使各个第一卡接结构111与相应的第二卡接结构121脱离；
本步骤中，顶推机构51可以是沿预制筒单元10的周向间隔分布的至少两个千斤顶。顶推辅件14时，各个千斤顶沿同一圆周方向（逆时针或顺时针方向）顶推相应位置上的辅件14，从而使上方的预制筒单元10相对于下方的预制筒单元10发生转动，进而使第二卡接结构121与第一卡接结构111沿预制筒单元10的周向错位。
步骤S300b，通过吊装装置向上提升最顶层的预制筒单元10，使最顶层的预制筒单元10的环槽12与下一层的预制筒单元10的环台11脱离；
步骤S400b，通过吊装装置将最顶层的预制筒单元10下放至地面；
步骤S500b，降低吊装装置，并重复步骤S200b至步骤S400b，直至最下层的预制筒单元10回收完成；
吊装装置每次降低的高度可以为单层预制筒单元10的高度。
步骤S600b，拆除吊装装置。
本实施方式提供的可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法，与现有技术相比，安装建设周期短，施工效率高，且能够避免拆除过程产生大量粉尘污染和建筑垃圾，从而节约建筑材料，适应节能环保的发展理念。
在一种实施方式中，如图10至图14所示，吊装装置包括：
两个支撑柱50，对称分布于预制筒单元10的两侧且平行于预制筒单元10的竖轴，支撑柱50与辅件14可拆卸连接；
横梁60，两端分别与两个支撑柱50的顶端可拆卸连接，横梁60上间隔分布有至少两个与其成夹角状态的拉杆61，两个拉杆61分别与相应位置上的辅件14可拆卸连接；横梁60的中间悬挂有滑轮62；
卷扬机70，固定于地面上，且位于横梁60的一侧，卷扬机70的绳索71的悬垂端穿过滑轮62并悬垂至横梁60的另一侧，绳索71的悬垂端用于吊装待安装的预制筒单元10；
轨道80，沿预制筒单元10的外周壁向上延伸，且与辅件14固定连接，轨道80上沿其延伸方向间隔分布有多个橡胶辊81，橡胶辊81用于滚动支撑待安装的预制筒单元10的外周壁；
两个升降驱动件90，平行于预制筒单元10的竖轴并对称分布，升降驱动件90的底端与环台11可拆卸连接，升降驱动件90的顶端与横梁60可拆卸连接，两个升降驱动件90用于带动横梁60和两个支撑柱50升降。
具体的，本实施方式中，支撑柱50应当与至少两个已安装完成的预制筒单元10上的上下方向对齐的辅件14进行可拆卸连接；具体连接方式可以是螺纹连接、插接或卡接，保证支撑柱50的连接强度和稳定性即可。支撑柱50上可以设置适于安装上述顶推机构51（如千斤顶）的安装座；另外，由于筒类构筑物可能是上下等直径的结构（如仓储类构筑物），也可能是上下变直径的结构（如烟囱）；当筒类构筑物为变直径的结构时，随着高度的上升两个支撑柱50之间的间距减小（即支撑柱50是倾斜的，而非垂直于地面），因此横梁60与两个支撑柱50之间的连接应当能够沿横梁60的长度方向调节连接位置；比如，横梁60的梁体沿其长度方向间隔分布多组连接孔，每组连接孔均能够通过紧固件与支撑柱50连接；或者，支撑柱50的顶端设置紧固件连接的两个夹板，利用两个夹板夹紧横梁60实现可拆卸连接，进而实现连接位置的调节。
在本实施方式中，从地面吊装预制筒单元10时，通过卷扬机70的绳索71连接待安装的预制筒单元10之后，启动卷扬机70，预制筒单元10在卷扬机70的牵引作用下沿着轨道80上升；由于轨道80上布设有橡胶辊81对预制筒单元10进行滚动支撑，因此能够对预制筒单元10起到保护作用，避免碰撞磨损并能够降低上升阻力，降低吊装难度。
在一个实施方式中，如图14所示，升降驱动件90包括卡座91、液压千斤顶92、传力柱93，以及螺套94；其中，卡座91与最顶层的预制筒单元10的环台11可拆卸连接，液压千斤顶92固定连接在卡座91上，传力柱93的底端与液压千斤顶92的顶推端连接，传力柱93的顶端与螺套94可旋转的连接，螺套94固定连接在横梁60上。
升降驱动件90主要用于带动横梁60和两个支撑柱50进行升降。当安装预制筒单元10、需要提升横梁60时，将卡座91卡装在已安装的、顶端的预制筒单元10的环台11上；然后将传力柱93的两端分别与螺套94和液压千斤顶92连接，在拆除两个支撑柱50与辅件14之间的连接后，液压千斤顶92向上顶推横梁60，并在上升一个预制筒单元10的高度后，将支撑柱50重新与相应位置上的辅件14进行固定，最后拆除升降驱动件90进行下一预制筒单元10的组装施工即可。而在拆除预制筒单元10、需要降低横梁60的高度时，同样是先固定卡座91并连接传力柱93，然后拆除两个支撑柱50与辅件14之间的连接，液压千斤顶92收缩下降而使横梁60降低一个预制筒单元10的高度，然后再将两个支撑柱50分别于相应位置上的辅件14固定连接即可。
在本实施方式中，吊装装置还可以包括环绕于预制筒单元10外围的作业平台52。横梁60的两端可以分别设置电动葫芦63，两个电动葫芦63的吊索的端部分别与作业平台52连接，且作业平台52与两个支撑柱50可拆卸连接。作业平台52主要用于承载作业人员，随着组装或拆卸过程的进行，可通过两个电动葫芦63带动作业平台52进行升降。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施方式而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

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  1. 可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，包括自下而上依次相接的多个预制筒单元；所述预制筒单元的上端设置有环台，所述环台的内环壁和/或外环壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第一卡接结构，所述预制筒单元的下端设置有环槽，所述环槽的其中一侧槽周壁和/或另一侧槽周壁上沿其周向间隔分布有多个第二卡接结构；
    其中，位于下方的所述预制筒单元的所述环台与其上方的所述预制筒单元的所述环槽插接，且各个所述第一卡接结构与各个所述第二卡接结构一一对应上下卡接，所述环台的内外环壁与所述环槽的两侧槽周壁之间均灌封有泥浆料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述预制筒单元的上端于所述环台的内外两侧均设有第一密封圈，所述第一密封圈用于密封上下相邻两个所述预制筒单元的连接间隙；所述环台的台面上设有第二密封圈，所述第二密封圈用于密封所述环台的台面与相应所述环槽的槽底之间的间隙。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述第一卡接结构的形状为尖端朝上的楔形，且所述第一卡接结构的底端形成为第一卡接平面；所述第二卡接结构的形状为尖端朝下的楔形，且所述第二卡接结构的顶端形成为第二卡接平面；所述第二卡接结构位于相应所述第一卡接结构的正下方，且所述第二卡接平面与相应的所述第一卡接平面上下抵接；
    其中，所述第一卡接结构和所述第二卡接结构的至少其一具有沿所述预制筒单元的径向收缩变形的弹性。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述第二卡接结构为刚性楔块，所述第一卡接结构为弹性楔块，所述弹性楔块包括：
    限位板，固定连接于所述环台的环壁上；
    导向斜板，与所述环台的环壁连接，且顶端与所述限位板抵接，底端向斜下方延伸；
    两组弹性弧板，对称连接于所述导向斜板的两侧，每组包括上下间隔分布的多个所述弹性弧板；所述弹性弧板的一端与所述导向斜板固定连接，另一端与所述环台的环壁固定连接；其中，最下方的所述弹性弧板的底壁与所述导向斜板的底端壁共同形成所述第一卡接平面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述环槽的两侧槽周壁均设有所述第二卡接结构，所述环槽的两侧槽周壁上的所述第二卡接结构上下错位，且所述环槽的两侧槽周壁上的所述第二卡接结构沿所述环槽的周向交错分布。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述预制筒单元的外周壁沿其周向间隔分布有至少两个注浆孔道，各个所述注浆孔道上下错位且均与所述环槽连通。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述环台的周壁上分布有多组圆孔，多组所述圆孔上下间隔分布，每组所述圆孔包括沿所述环台的周向间隔分布的多个所述圆孔，且各组的所述圆孔沿所述环台的周向交错分布。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的可回收式筒类构筑物，其特征在于，所述预制筒单元的外侧壁上设有辅件，所述辅件用于固定外围施工设备。
  9. 可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的可回收式筒类构筑物的构筑方法和回收方法；
    其中，所述构筑方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S100a，施工基础，同时制备所述预制筒单元；
    步骤S200a，安装吊装装置，同时在地面对相邻两个所述预制筒单元进行预安装；
    步骤S300a，在所述基础上安装第一节所述预制筒单元；
    步骤S400a，吊装下一节所述预制筒单元，将上一节所述预制筒单元的环台对应插装于该节所述预制筒单元的环槽内，并使各个所述第一卡接结构与各个所述第二卡接结构对应卡接；
    步骤S500a，向所述环槽与所述环台之间的间隙内注入泥浆料进行灌封；
    步骤S600a，提升所述吊装装置，并重复所述步骤S400a和步骤S500a，直至最后一节所述预制筒单元安装完成；
    步骤S700a，拆除所述吊装装置；
    其中，所述回收方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S100b，安装所述吊装装置；
    步骤S200b，通过顶推机构推顶最顶层的所述预制筒单元的外周壁的辅件，驱动最顶层的所述预制筒单元相对下一层的所述预制筒单元转动，使各个所述第一卡接结构与相应的所述第二卡接结构脱离；
    步骤S300b，通过所述吊装装置向上提升最顶层的所述预制筒单元，使最顶层的所述预制筒单元的环槽与下一层的所述预制筒单元的环台脱离；
    步骤S400b，通过所述吊装装置将最顶层的所述预制筒单元下放至地面；
    步骤S500b，降低所述吊装装置，并重复所述步骤S200b至所述步骤S400b，直至最下层的所述预制筒单元回收完成；
    步骤S600b，拆除所述吊装装置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的可回收式筒类构筑物的施工方法，其特征在于，所述吊装装置包括：
    两个支撑柱，对称分布于所述预制筒单元的两侧且平行于预制筒单元的竖轴，所述支撑柱与所述辅件可拆卸连接；
    横梁，两端分别与两个所述支撑柱的顶端可拆卸连接，所述横梁上间隔分布有至少两个与其成夹角状态的拉杆，两个所述拉杆分别与相应位置上的所述辅件可拆卸连接；所述横梁的中间悬挂有滑轮；
    卷扬机，固定于地面上，且位于所述横梁的一侧，所述卷扬机的绳索的悬垂端穿过所述滑轮并悬垂至所述横梁的另一侧，所述绳索的悬垂端用于吊装待安装的所述预制筒单元；
    轨道，沿所述预制筒单元的外周壁向上延伸，且与所述辅件固定连接，所述轨道上沿其延伸方向间隔分布有多个橡胶辊，所述橡胶辊用于滚动支撑待安装的所述预制筒单元的外周壁；
    两个升降驱动件，平行于所述预制筒单元的竖轴并对称分布，所述升降驱动件的底端与所述环台可拆卸连接，所述升降驱动件的顶端与所述横梁可拆卸连接，两个所述升降驱动件用于带动所述横梁和两个所述支撑柱升降。
PCT/CN2023/111206 2023-01-17 2023-08-04 可回收式筒类构筑物及其施工方法 WO2023246952A1 (zh)

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