WO2023240901A1 - 修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具 - Google Patents

修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023240901A1
WO2023240901A1 PCT/CN2022/129506 CN2022129506W WO2023240901A1 WO 2023240901 A1 WO2023240901 A1 WO 2023240901A1 CN 2022129506 W CN2022129506 W CN 2022129506W WO 2023240901 A1 WO2023240901 A1 WO 2023240901A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wiper
tool
wiper blade
edge
cutting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/129506
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张宗超
韩硕
杨建光
黄金宝
唐红岩
王艳艳
Original Assignee
北京沃尔德金刚石工具股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202221504761.7U external-priority patent/CN217596365U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210682265.9A external-priority patent/CN114986079A/zh
Application filed by 北京沃尔德金刚石工具股份有限公司 filed Critical 北京沃尔德金刚石工具股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020237000538A priority Critical patent/KR20230173644A/ko
Priority to MX2023000394A priority patent/MX2023000394A/es
Priority to JP2023501879A priority patent/JP2024526477A/ja
Priority to DE112022000064.3T priority patent/DE112022000064T8/de
Priority to US18/011,266 priority patent/US20240227030A1/en
Priority to CA3186276A priority patent/CA3186276A1/en
Publication of WO2023240901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240901A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G5/00—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of tool design, specifically to a wiper blade and a tool having the same.
  • Wiper edge is a cutting tool structure. Structurally, the wiper blade mainly plays the role of increasing the impact resistance of the tool tip and reducing the surface roughness value of the workpiece.
  • the wiper tool reduces the fitting angle between the cutting edge of the tool and the machined surface (ie, the secondary deflection angle, usually 0-3°), and squeezes or scrapes the machined surface to improve the processing quality of the machined surface.
  • Tools in the prior art only have one or two symmetrical wiper edges on one tool tip, so that a wiper tool needs to be installed on a specific tool holder and a specific deflection angle is formed during the machining process to be effective.
  • the same type of insert can be used with several leading angle tool holders and front and backhand tool holders. When the wiper tool is replaced with another tool holder, the wiper edge of the tool will become invalid.
  • the wiper blade processes different parts such as the outer circle, end face or profiling at the same time, it will also fail.
  • the main purpose of this utility model is to provide a wiper blade and a tool having the same, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the wiper blade loses its wiper effect when it is installed on different tool holders.
  • a wiper blade which includes: a tool body.
  • the tool body includes a cutting part.
  • the cutting part is used for cutting the workpiece.
  • the cutting part includes a plurality of wipers. adjacent wiper edges are connected through transition surfaces, and the secondary deflection angles of multiple wiper edges are set differently.
  • a plurality of wiper edges and a plurality of tool holders with different preset main deflection angles are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, so that when the tool body is connected to any one of the plurality of tool holders, there is always a connection with the tool holder.
  • the corresponding wiper blade performs wiper work on the workpiece.
  • the two cutting parts are arranged symmetrically at 180° with respect to the central axis along the mounting hole.
  • adjacent wiper edges are connected by a transition arc surface or a transition plane.
  • the transition arc surface is tangent to the wiper edge, and the transition arc surface is tangent to the wiper edge.
  • the first arc diameter of the arc surface is R1, where 0.1mm ⁇ R1 ⁇ 2mm.
  • the wiper blade is made of one of alloy, ceramic, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, and polycrystalline diamond.
  • the tool body includes a cutting part, and the cutting part includes a plurality of wiper blades, and the secondary deflection angles of the multiple wiper blades are set differently.
  • the wiper blade When the wiper blade is installed on a variety of different tool holders or when processing workpieces of different shapes, it has a suitable wiper blade to smooth the machined surface and improve the surface roughness of the processed workpiece.
  • the technical solution of the present application effectively solves the problem in the prior art that the wiper blade loses its wiper effect when it is installed on different tool holders.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a wiper blade according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged structural schematic diagram of position A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a wiper blade according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged structural schematic diagram of B in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a wiper blade according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows an enlarged structural schematic diagram of C in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of a wiper blade according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a sixth embodiment of a wiper blade according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a seventh embodiment of a wiper blade according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of an existing wiper blade.
  • Tool body 20. Cutting part; 21. Wiper edge; 30. Transition surface; 31. Transition arc surface; 40. Mounting hole; 50. Machined surface.
  • the design idea of the wiper insert is to adjust the geometry of the tool tip to approximate an elliptical shape within the maximum allowable tip radius tolerance of the standard insert. In fact, when the tool is processed according to the feed value per revolution F, a corrugated surface will be formed due to the formation of the tool tip. When the wiper edge is added (the arc diameter of the wiper edge is larger than the arc diameter of the tool tip), although the machining is still performed according to the feed F, the roughness of the machined surface will decrease because the arc becomes larger.
  • the existing wiper blade is only provided with one wiper blade corresponding to the tool holder on one side of the main cutting edge.
  • the wiper blade cannot contact the machined surface of the workpiece, and the wiper effect cannot be achieved.
  • a wiper blade is provided.
  • the wiper insert includes a tool body 10 .
  • the tool body 10 includes a cutting portion 20 .
  • the cutting part 20 is used for cutting the workpiece.
  • the cutting part 20 includes a plurality of wiper edges 21 . Adjacent wiper edges 21 are connected by a transition surface 30 . The secondary deflection angles of the plurality of wiper edges 21 are set differently.
  • the tool body includes a cutting part
  • the cutting part 20 includes a plurality of wiper edges 21.
  • the secondary deflection angles of the multiple wiper edges 21 are set differently.
  • the wiper edge 21 enables the wiper blade to have a suitable wiper edge 21 when it is installed on a variety of different tool holders or when processing workpieces of different shapes. It can smooth the machined surface and improve the surface of the processed workpiece. Roughness.
  • the technical solution of the present application effectively solves the problem in the prior art that the wiper blade loses its wiper effect when it is installed on different tool holders.
  • Adopting the technical solution of this embodiment a new multi-stage wiper tool is provided, which is suitable for cutting processing with different leading angles, expands the use range of the wiper blade 21, and reduces the use of the wiper blade cost.
  • the main declination angle of the tool is the angle between the cutting edge in the base plane and the feed direction
  • the minor declination angle is the angle between the negative cutting edge in the base plane and the opposite direction of the feed direction.
  • the main declination angle of the tool is mainly related to the tool model, tool holder and processing position. Tool holders are customarily distinguished according to their leading angle. Among them, when the feed direction changes, the actual main and secondary declination angles of the tool will also change.
  • the wiper blade failure phenomenon is very easy to occur, which affects the surface roughness of the product. How to avoid such phenomena to improve the processing accuracy of the product has been It has become an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved in the industry.
  • the tool can realize multi-stage wiper, which ensures the effect of the wiper edge without the need to replace the tool, which greatly saves the processing cost and improves the processing quality.
  • the cutting part 20 further includes a cutting edge, and the plurality of wiper edges 21 are located on the same side of the cutting edge.
  • the cutting edge cuts the workpiece to a margin, and then the wiper edge 21 modifies the cut surface to improve the smoothness of the workpiece.
  • the radial cross-section of the tool body 10 along the mounting hole is a parallelogram
  • cutting units are symmetrically arranged at the vertex corners of the upper surface corresponding to the longer diagonals of the parallelogram, and each The cutting unit includes a main cutting edge formed by the long side of the apex angle, and a minor cutting edge formed by the short side of the apex angle.
  • the wiper edge 21 is arranged between the main cutting edge and the minor cutting edge, and the minor deflection angle of the wiper edge 21 is related to various The entering angle of the tool holder to be used is set accordingly.
  • the wiper edge 21 of the turning insert refers to the edge where the insert contacts the processing plane, and the wiper edge 21 of the turning insert refers to the edge where the insert contacts the outer or inner surface of the processing surface.
  • the function of the wiper edge 21 is similar to that of the auxiliary cutting edge.
  • the deflection angle of the wiper edge is generally 0° to 3°, and the length is about twice the tool feed.
  • the wiper edge 21 can reduce the roughness of the processed surface and improve the processing quality.
  • the plurality of wiper edges 21 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of tool holders with different preset main deflection angles, so that when the tool body 10 is connected to any one of the plurality of tool holders, there is a problem with
  • the wiper edge 21 corresponding to the tool holder performs the wiper operation on the workpiece.
  • the commonly used tool holders for D-type tools mainly include 93°, 107.5° and 62.5°.
  • Figure 5 and Figure 6 show a wiper blade that can adapt to the above three angles at the same time. When the corresponding entering angle of the tool bar connected to the tool body 10 is 62.5°, as shown in FIG.
  • the first wiper edge among the plurality of wiper edges 21 is in the working position.
  • the corresponding main deflection angle of the tool bar connected to the tool body 10 is 93°, as shown in FIG. 8
  • the second wiper edge among the plurality of wiper edges 21 is in the working position.
  • the corresponding entering angle of the tool bar connected to the tool body 10 is 107.5°
  • the third wiper edge among the plurality of wiper edges 21 is in the working position.
  • Figure 10 shows the existing wiper blade. This wiper blade is a wiper blade corresponding to a 62.5° leading angle tool holder and can only be applied to the corresponding tool holder.
  • the wiper insert replacement tool holder (107.5° leading angle tool holder) shown in Figure 10 is as follows.
  • the cutting position in contact with the workpiece surface is the transition arc surface 31, and the wiper edge 21 cannot have a wiper effect.
  • the wiper edge 21 can be used to wipe the machined surface 50 of the workpiece with a suitable wiper edge 21 when it is installed and corresponds to a variety of tool holders with different leading angles. function, improving the practicality of the wiper blade.
  • a mounting hole 40 is provided in the middle of the wiper blade.
  • the radial cross section of the wiper blade along the mounting hole 40 is a polygon, and a cutting portion 20 is provided at at least one vertex corner of the polygon.
  • the mounting hole 40 is used to fix the wiper blade on the tool holder.
  • Polygons include but are not limited to structures such as quadrilaterals and pentagons, and the cutting part 20 can also be designed according to actual needs.
  • the two cutting parts 20 are symmetrically arranged at 180° with respect to the central axis along the mounting hole 40 .
  • adjacent wiper edges 21 are connected through a transition arc surface 31 or a transition plane.
  • the transition arc surface 31 is tangent to the wiper edge 21, and the first arc diameter of the transition arc surface 31 is R1, where 0.1 mm ⁇ R1 ⁇ 2mm.
  • the shape of the wiper edge 21 is an arc or a straight line.
  • the second arc diameter of each wiper edge 21 is set to the same, and the width of each wiper edge 21 is set to the same, the second arc diameter is R2, and the width is L1, where , 0.4mm ⁇ R2 ⁇ 10mm, 0.05mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 1mm.
  • the arc is determined based on the main deflection angle of the tool or the shape of the workpiece being processed.
  • the first arc diameter is smaller than the second arc diameter.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting part 20 is composed of n wiper blades, and n can be any integer greater than 2.
  • the wiper blade is installed on the tool holder, and the cutting part of the blade is connected to the part of the workpiece being processed The angle is in the range of 0° to 3°.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting part 20 is composed of multiple arc-shaped wiper edges 21 , and the second arc diameters and widths of all wiper edges 21 are the same and evenly distributed.
  • the diameter of the second arc is uniformly between 0.4-10mm, and the width of the wiper blade is between 0.05-1mm.
  • the arc of the wiper edge 21 and the arc of the wiper edge 21 are connected through a curved surface that satisfies a preset functional relationship.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting part 20 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped wiper edges 21 , and the second arc diameters and widths of the arcs of different wiper edges 21 are different.
  • the angle of the wiper edge 21 is designed according to the entering angle of the tool holder corresponding to the blade and the processing position of the workpiece, and the insert can be applied to the tool holder with any leading angle.
  • the cutting edge of the cutting part 20 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped wiper edges 21 , and the second arc diameters and widths of the arcs of different wiper edges 21 are different.
  • at least one of the second arc diameters and widths of different wiper edges 21 is set identically, and part of the wiper edge angle is designed according to the main deflection angle of the tool holder corresponding to the blade.
  • the wiper blade can be suitable for Tool holder with any leading angle.
  • the remaining wiper edges 21 are evenly distributed between the determined wiper edges 21 .
  • the wiper blade includes a top surface and a lower positioning surface arranged oppositely.
  • the wiper blade 21 is provided such that its blade width gradually decreases in the direction from the top surface to the lower positioning surface.
  • the plurality of wiper edges 21 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the cutting part 20 . This arrangement can further expand the use range of the wiper blade and improve the wiper effect on the workpiece.
  • the wiper blade is made of one of alloy, ceramic, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, and polycrystalline diamond.
  • a tool including a wiper blade, and the wiper blade is the wiper blade in the above embodiment.
  • the tool includes a tool arbor, and the tool arbor is provided with a step for mounting the wiper blade.
  • the step is provided with a screw hole.
  • the top surface of the tool body 10 is provided with a chip breaker, the chip breaker is provided close to the wiper edge 21 , and the chip breaker is an arc-shaped groove.
  • spatially relative terms can be used here, such as “on", “on", “on the upper surface of", “above”, etc., to describe what is shown in the figure.
  • the exemplary term “over” may include both orientations “above” and “below.”
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型提供了一种修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具，修光刃刀片包括：刀具本体，刀具本体包括切削部，切削部用于对工件进行切削加工，切削部包括多个修光刃，相邻的修光刃之间通过过渡面连接，多个修光刃的副偏角不同地设置。采用本申请的技术方案，有效地解决了现有技术中的修光刃刀片安装于不同刀杆时失去修光效果的问题。

Description

修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具
本申请要求于2022年6月16日提交到国家知识产权局、申请号为202210682265.9发明名称为“修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具”；以及于2022年6月16日提交到国家知识产权局、申请号为202221504761.7发明名称为“修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本实用新型涉及刀具设计技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具。
背景技术
修光刃是一种切削刀具结构。在结构上，修光刃是其主要起到增加刀尖抗冲击能力和降低加工件表面粗糙度值的作用。
修光刃刀具通过降低刀具切削刃口与加工面的贴合角度(即副偏角，通常0-3°)，对加工面进行挤压或刮光，提升加工面的加工质量。现有技术中的刀具一个刀尖仅存在一个或两个对称的修光刃，使得一片修光刃刀具需要安装到特定刀杆上且加工过程中形成特定偏角时才能起到作用。同一型号刀片可对应几种主偏角的刀杆和正反手刀杆，修光刃刀具更换其他刀杆后，刀具修光刃就会失效。修光刃刀片同时加工外圆、端面或者仿形加工等不同部位时，也会产生失效。
针对现有技术中的修光刃刀片安装于不同刀杆时失去修光效果的问题，目前尚未提出有有效的解决方案。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的主要目的在于提供一种修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具，以解决现有技术中的修光刃刀片安装于不同刀杆时失去修光效果的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本实用新型的一个方面，提供了一种修光刃刀片，包括：刀具本体，刀具本体包括切削部，切削部用于对工件进行切削加工，切削部包括多个修光刃，相邻的修光刃之间通过过渡面连接，多个修光刃的副偏角不同地设置。
进一步地，多个修光刃与多个具有不同预设主偏角的刀杆一一对应地设置，以使刀具本体与多个刀杆中的任一个刀杆连接时，均存在与刀杆对应的修光刃对工件进行修光作业。
进一步地，修光刃刀片的中部设置有安装孔，修光刃刀片沿安装孔的径向横截面为多边形，所述多边形的至少一个顶角处设置有切削部。
进一步地，切削部为两个，两个切削部关于沿安装孔的中心轴线呈180°对称设置。
进一步地，相邻的修光刃之间通过过渡圆弧面或过渡平面连接，相邻的修光刃之间通过过渡圆弧面连接时，过渡圆弧面与修光刃相切，且过渡圆弧面的第一圆弧直径为R1，其中，0.1mm≤R1≤2mm。
进一步地，修光刃的形状为圆弧或直线，修光刃的形状为圆弧时，各修光刃的第二圆 弧直径相同地设置，各修光刃的宽度相同地设置，第二圆弧直径为R2，宽度为L1，其中，0.4mm≤R2≤10mm，0.05mm≤L1≤1mm。
进一步地，多个修光刃沿切削部的周向间隔均匀地设置。
进一步地，修光刃刀片由合金、陶瓷、聚晶立方氮化硼、聚晶金刚石中的一个制成。
根据本实用新型的另一方面，提供了一种刀具，包括修光刃刀片，修光刃刀片为上述的修光刃刀片。
应用本实用新型的技术方案，刀具本体包括切削部，切削部包括多个修光刃，多个修光刃的副偏角不同地设置，通过设置多个副偏角不同的修光刃，使修光刃刀片在安装于多种不同的刀杆或对不同形状的工件进行加工时，均具有合适的修光刃对已加工表面进行修光，改善加工后的工件的表面粗糙度。采用本申请的技术方案，有效地解决了现有技术中的修光刃刀片安装于不同刀杆时失去修光效果的问题。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本实用新型的进一步理解，本实用新型的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本实用新型，并不构成对本实用新型的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本实用新型的修光刃刀片的第一实施例的结构示意图；
图2示出了图1中A处的放大结构示意图；
图3示出了根据本实用新型的修光刃刀片的第二实施例的结构示意图；
图4示出了图3中B处的放大结构示意图；
图5示出了根据本实用新型的修光刃刀片的第三实施例的结构示意图；
图6示出了图5中C处的放大结构示意图；
图7示出了根据本实用新型的修光刃刀片的第五实施例的结构示意图；
图8示出了根据本实用新型的修光刃刀片的第六实施例的结构示意图；
图9示出了根据本实用新型的修光刃刀片的第七实施例的结构示意图；
图10示出了现有的修光刃刀片的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、刀具本体；20、切削部；21、修光刃；30、过渡面；31、过渡圆弧面；40、安装孔；50、被加工面。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本实用新型。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的术语在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施方式例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必 限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
现在，将参照附图更详细地描述根据本申请的示例性实施方式。然而，这些示例性实施方式可以由多种不同的形式来实施，并且不应当被解释为只限于这里所阐述的实施方式。应当理解的是，提供这些实施方式是为了使得本申请的公开彻底且完整，并且将这些示例性实施方式的构思充分传达给本领域普通技术人员，在附图中，为了清楚起见，有可能扩大了层和区域的厚度，并且使用相同的附图标记表示相同的器件，因而将省略对它们的描述。
根据表面粗糙度的计算公式，减小进给量或增加刀尖半径均可减小表面粗糙度值，但前者会降低生产效率，而后者会使切削力增大。通过减小副偏角的角度可以实现不减小进给量同时降低表面粗糙度值。修光刃刀片的设计思想是在标准刀片的最大允许刀尖半径公差范围内调整刀尖的几何形状，使其近似于椭圆形状。实际上，刀具按照每转进给值F加工时，由于刀尖形成会形成类似波纹的加工表面。当增加修光刃以后(修光刃圆弧直径大于刀尖圆弧直径)，因此虽然仍然按照进给F加工时，由于圆弧变大，会使得加工表面粗糙度减小。
在此基础上，现有的修光刃刀片仅仅在主切削刃的一侧设置由对应刀杆的一个修光刃，当修光刃刀片安装于其它的对应不同主偏角的刀杆时，修光刃刀片就无法和工件已加工面接触，进而无法实现修光效果。
结合图1至图9所示，根据本申请的具体实施例，提供了一种修光刃刀片。
修光刃刀片包括刀具本体10。刀具本体10包括切削部20。切削部20用于对工件进行切削加工。切削部20包括多个修光刃21。相邻的修光刃21之间通过过渡面30连接。多个修光刃21的副偏角不同地设置。
应用本实施例的技术方案，刀具本体包括切削部，切削部20包括多个修光刃21，多个修光刃21的副偏角不同地设置，通过设置多个副偏角不同的修光刃21，使修光刃刀片在安装于多种不同的刀杆或对不同形状的工件进行加工时，均具有适合的修光刃21对已加工表面进行修光，改善加工后的工件的表面粗糙度。采用本申请的技术方案，有效地解决了现有技术中的修光刃刀片安装于不同刀杆时失去修光效果的问题。采用本实施例的技术方案，提供了一种新的多段修光的刀具，可适用于不同主偏角的切削加工，扩大了修光刃21刀片的使用范围，降低了修光刃刀片的使用成本。
需要说明的是，刀具主偏角是基面内切削刃与进给方向的夹角，副偏角是基面内负切削刃与进给方向反方向的夹角。刀具主偏角和副偏角具有对应关系，主偏角+副偏角+刀尖角＝180°。刀具主偏角主要与刀具型号、刀杆和加工位置有关。刀杆习惯上按照主偏角进行区分。其中，进给方向发生变化时，刀具实际主副偏角也会改变，比如93°主偏刀杆向左进给时，实际主偏角为93°副偏角为32°；如果向上进给时，实际主偏角会变为122°，副偏角为3°。
因此，在刀具安装与不同刀杆或对不同形状的工件进行加工时，极易发生修光刃失效现象，影响产品的表面粗糙度，如何避免此类现象的发生以提高产品的加工精度，已成为业内亟需解决的技术难题。采用本申请的技术方案，刀具可实现多段修光，在保证修光刃效果的同时无需更换刀具，极大的节省了加工成本，同时提高了加工质量。
在一个可选的实施例中，切削部20还包括切削刃，多个修光刃21均位于切削刃的同一侧。加工时切削刃对工件进行余量进行切削，然后修光刃21对切削后的表面进行修整，提高工件的光洁度。
在一个可选的实施例中，刀具本体10沿安装孔的径向横截面为平行四边形，平行四边形的较长对角线所对应的位于上表面的顶角处对称设置有切削单元，每个切削单元包括顶角长边形成的主切削刃，顶角短边形成副切削刃，修光刃21设置于主切削刃和副切削刃之间，且修光刃21的副偏角与多种待使用的刀杆的主偏角对应地设置。车刀片的修光刃21是指刀片与加工平面接触的刃口，车刀片的修光刃21是指刀片与加工面外圆面或内圆面接触的刃口。修光刃21的作用与副刀刃相似，修光刃偏角一般取0°～3°，长度为走刀量2倍左右。修光刃21能降低加工表面的粗糙度和提高加工质量的作用。
进一步地，多个修光刃21与多个具有不同预设主偏角的刀杆一一对应地设置，以使刀具本体10与多个刀杆中的任一个刀杆连接时，均存在与刀杆对应的修光刃21对工件进行修光作业。。举例来说，D型刀具(55°夹角)常用的刀杆主要包括93°、107.5°和62.5°三种。如图5和图6所示为一种可同时适应上述三种角度的修光刃刀片。当与刀具本体10连接的刀杆对应主偏角为62.5°时，如图7所示，多个修光刃21中的第一修光刃处于工作位置。当与刀具本体10连接的刀杆对应主偏角为93°时，如图8所示，多个修光刃21中的第二修光刃处于工作位置。当与刀具本体10连接的刀杆对应主偏角为107.5°时，如图9所示，多个修光刃21中的第三修光刃处于工作位置。如图10所示为现有的修光刃刀片，该修光刃刀片为对应62.5°主偏角刀杆的修光刃刀片，只能应用于对应的刀杆。图10中所示的修光刃刀片更换刀杆(107.5°主偏角刀杆)如后，与工件表面接触的切削位置为过渡圆弧面31，修光刃21无法起到修光效果。采用本实施例的技术方案，使得修光刃21在安装与对应多种不同主偏角的刀杆时，均能够起到具有合适的修光刃21对工件的被加工面50进行修光的作用，提高了修光刃刀片的实用性。
具体地，修光刃刀片的中部设置有安装孔40。修光刃刀片沿安装孔40的径向横截面为多边形，多边形的至少一个顶角处设置有切削部20。安装孔40用于将修光刃刀片固定在刀杆上。多边形包括但不限于四边形、五边形等结构，切削部20也可随实际需要进行设计。
优选地，切削部20为两个。两个切削部20关于沿安装孔40的中心轴线呈180°对称设置。
进一步地，相邻的修光刃21之间通过过渡圆弧面31或过渡平面连接。相邻的修光刃21之间通过过渡圆弧面31连接时，过渡圆弧面31与修光刃21相切，且过渡圆弧面31的第一圆弧直径为R1，其中，0.1mm≤R1≤2mm。
进一步地，修光刃21的形状为圆弧或直线。修光刃21的形状为圆弧时，各修光刃21的第二圆弧直径相同地设置，各修光刃21的宽度相同地设置，第二圆弧直径为R2，宽度为L1，其中，0.4mm≤R2≤10mm，0.05mm≤L1≤1mm。可选地，圆弧根据刀具主偏角或被加工工件形状确定。第一圆弧直径小于第二圆弧直径地设置。在一个可选的实施例中，切削部20的刃口由n个修光刃组成，n可以为大于2的任意整数，修光刃刀片安装到刀杆上，刀片切削部位与工件被加工部位的角度在0°至3°范围内。
在一个可选的实施例中，切削部20的刃口由多个圆弧型修光刃21组成，所有修光刃21的第二圆弧直径和宽度相同，且均匀分布。第二圆弧直径一致在0.4-10mm之间，修光刃宽度在0.05-1mm之间。修光刃21的圆弧与修光刃21的圆弧之间由过渡圆弧连接且相切，过渡圆弧直径r＝0.02mm。可选地，修光刃21的圆弧与修光刃21的圆弧之间通过满足预设函数关系的曲面进行连接。
在一个可选的实施例中，切削部20的刃口由多个圆弧型修光刃21组成，不同修光刃21 的圆弧的第二圆弧直径和宽度不同。修光刃21的角度根据刀片对应的刀杆的主偏角和加工工件的加工位置进行设计，刀片可适用于任意主偏角的刀杆。
在一个可选的实施例中，切削部20的刃口由多个圆弧型修光刃21组成，不同修光刃21圆弧的第二圆弧直径和宽度不同。可选地，不同修光刃21的第二圆弧直径和宽度中的至少一个相同地设置，部分修光刃角度根据刀片对应的刀杆的主偏角进行设计，修光刃刀片可适用于任意主偏角的刀杆。其余修光刃21均匀分布在已确定的修光刃21之间。
具体地，修光刃刀片包括相对设置的顶面和下定位面。修光刃21沿顶面至下定位面的方向的刃宽逐渐减小地设置。
可选地，多个修光刃21沿切削部20的周向间隔均匀地设置。这样设置能够进一步扩大修光刃刀片的使用范围，提高对工件的修光效果。
为保证修光刃刀片具有良好的机械强度，修光刃刀片由合金、陶瓷、聚晶立方氮化硼、聚晶金刚石中的一个制成。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供了一种刀具，包括修光刃刀片，修光刃刀片为上述实施例中的修光刃刀片。刀具包括刀杆，刀杆设置有用于配装修光刃刀片的台阶，该台阶上设置有螺孔，当修光刃刀片配装在台阶上，螺孔与刀片的安装孔同轴，通过螺栓刀片与刀头固接。
在一个可选的实施例中，刀具本体10的顶面设置有断屑槽，断屑槽靠近修光刃21地设置，断屑槽为弧形槽。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
除上述以外，还需要说明的是在本说明书中所谈到的“一个实施例”、“另一个实施例”、“实施例”等，指的是结合该实施例描述的具体特征、结构或者特点包括在本申请概括性描述的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中多个地方出现同种表述不是一定指的是同一个实施例。进一步来说，结合任一实施例描述一个具体特征、结构或者特点时，所要主张的是结合其他实施例来实现这种特征、结构或者特点也落在本实用新型的范围内。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上所述仅为本实用新型的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本实用新型，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本实用新型可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种修光刃刀片，其特征在于，包括：
    刀具本体(10)，所述刀具本体(10)包括切削部(20)，所述切削部(20)用于对工件进行切削加工，所述切削部(20)包括多个修光刃(21)，相邻的所述修光刃(21)之间通过过渡面(30)连接，多个所述修光刃(21)的副偏角不同地设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，多个所述修光刃(21)与多个具有不同预设主偏角的刀杆一一对应地设置，以使所述刀具本体(10)与多个所述刀杆中的任一个所述刀杆连接时，均存在与所述刀杆对应的所述修光刃(21)对所述工件进行修光作业。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，所述修光刃刀片的中部设置有安装孔(40)，所述修光刃刀片沿所述安装孔(40)的径向横截面为多边形，所述多边形的至少一个顶角处设置有所述切削部(20)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，所述切削部(20)为两个，两个所述切削部(20)关于沿所述安装孔(40)的中心轴线呈180°对称设置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，相邻的所述修光刃(21)之间通过过渡圆弧面(31)或过渡平面连接，相邻的所述修光刃(21)之间通过过渡圆弧面(31)连接时，所述过渡圆弧面(31)与所述修光刃(21)相切，且所述过渡圆弧面(31)的第一圆弧直径为R1，其中，0.1mm≤R1≤2mm。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，所述修光刃(21)的形状为圆弧或直线，所述修光刃(21)的形状为圆弧时，各所述修光刃(21)的第二圆弧直径相同地设置，各所述修光刃(21)的宽度相同地设置，所述第二圆弧直径为R2，所述宽度为L1，其中，0.4mm≤R2≤10mm，0.05mm≤L1≤1mm。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，多个所述修光刃(21)沿所述切削部(20)的周向间隔均匀地设置。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的修光刃刀片，其特征在于，所述修光刃刀片由合金、陶瓷、聚晶立方氮化硼、聚晶金刚石中的一个制成。
  9. 一种刀具，包括修光刃刀片，其特征在于，所述修光刃刀片为权利要求1-8中任一项所述的修光刃刀片。
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JP6512499B1 (ja) * 2018-05-29 2019-05-15 株式会社タンガロイ 切削インサート
CN111283231A (zh) * 2020-04-02 2020-06-16 北京沃尔德金刚石工具股份有限公司 一种pcbn刃口及刀片
CN114986079A (zh) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-02 北京沃尔德金刚石工具股份有限公司 修光刃刀片及具有其的刀具

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