WO2023237192A1 - Encre d'impression élastomère électroconductrice pour procédés d'impression sans contact - Google Patents

Encre d'impression élastomère électroconductrice pour procédés d'impression sans contact Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023237192A1
WO2023237192A1 PCT/EP2022/065577 EP2022065577W WO2023237192A1 WO 2023237192 A1 WO2023237192 A1 WO 2023237192A1 EP 2022065577 W EP2022065577 W EP 2022065577W WO 2023237192 A1 WO2023237192 A1 WO 2023237192A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
printing
components
systems
silicone elastomer
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PCT/EP2022/065577
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sabin-Lucian Suraru
Dirk SCHLINKMANN
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Wacker Chemie Ag
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Priority to PCT/EP2022/065577 priority Critical patent/WO2023237192A1/fr
Publication of WO2023237192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023237192A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an electrically conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer composition as an electrically conductive printing ink in contactless printing processes for producing electrodes for sensors, actuators or EAP layer systems.
  • Electrically conductive printing inks are used for the production of printed electronics in order to apply large-area or structured electrodes to a substrate in electronic components using any printing process.
  • the printing of electrically conductive elastomers onto an elastic carrier (such as silicone, TPU) enables the construction of completely or partially elastic electronic components that retain their electrical properties almost unchanged even when stretched or compressed.
  • electrically conductive elastomeric printing inks can be printed on flexible (but not stretchable) substrates, such as. B. on PET, PE, PTFE or paper, in order to keep the mechanical damage to the printed electrode to a minimum, even under long-term mechanical stress due to repeated bending, and thus to prevent a change in the electrical conductivity due, for example, to an increase in resistance.
  • Conductive printing inks for printed electronics are known and some are also commercially available. They typically contain at least one polymeric binder, at least one conductive component such as. B. Metal or carbon particles and at least one solvent to adjust the viscosity. Basically, conductive carbon particles such as B. Carbon black and carbon nanotubes (CNT) as fillers have the disadvantage that they greatly increase the viscosity of the formulation, which affects the printability of the ink significantly more difficult, so that solvents are typically used for dilution in order to reduce the effective concentration of the particles in the printing ink and thus make the printing ink usable.
  • CNT Carbon black and carbon nanotubes
  • US9253878 describes such a formulation based on a silicone elastomer, conductivity carbon black and CNT, the latter being characterized by being at least 30 nm thick.
  • the latter property gives the solvent-based, conductive printing ink good printability in screen printing, which is not possible with thin CNTs ( ⁇ 30 nm).
  • the formulation does not work without solvents.
  • CNT-containing silicone elastomers are known. Silicone elastomers containing both CNT and carbon black are described in CN103160128. The silicone elastomers described here are characterized by a high soot content. At least 3.7% by weight of carbon black is required, but the examples show that in order to obtain good electrical properties so that the specific resistance is ⁇ 20 ohm*cm, a total filler content (CB + CNT) of at least 8.5% is necessary. No printing process using these compositions is disclosed.
  • stretchable applications which include the dielectric elastomer sensors, actuators and generators, stretchable binders (elastomers) are used in combination with conductive anisotropic particles that possess a high aspect ratio, typically CNT.
  • the high aspect ratio of the conductive particles ensures that, in contrast to spherical particles, the conductive particles can form a conductive network through the entire system with smaller amounts of filler, which persists even when the elastomer is stretched. This ensures good electron conduction even when the elastomer is stretched.
  • Creating smooth surfaces that are free of particles is particularly difficult with electrically conductive silicone compositions containing CNTs.
  • the reason for this is the strong tendency of CNTs to form agglomerates, which cannot be completely broken down when incorporated into a matrix even when high shear forces are used, so that particulate agglomerates can be found in the silicone.
  • the particulate agglomerates can have a size of 25, 50 or even over 100 pm and are noticeable as protruding spikes in thin raked or printed layers.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method for producing electrically conductive, cross-linking silicone elastomer compositions which, despite the simultaneous use of conductivity carbon black and CNT, have a high aspect ratio but without the use of solvents, but at the same time have good application properties as printing inks in contactless printing processes such as for example, the laser transfer printing process, and after application it provides a smooth surface that is free of particles.
  • an electrically conductive silicone elastomer composition based on conductivity carbon black (0, 5 - 3 % by weight and MWCNT (0.1 - 3% by weight), without the addition of a solvent can be used as a printing ink to print electrodes for dielectric elastomer sensors and actuators if all or parts of the composition are used in at least a two-stage Step are processed in which the components MWCNT and conductivity carbon black are incorporated together
  • the resulting printed image has a smooth surface and is free of jagged edges.
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for producing an electrically conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer composition, containing:
  • MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotubes
  • the MWCNTs used according to the invention preferably have an aspect ratio of L/B>10, particularly preferably of L/B>100.
  • the contact resistance is not measured because the current is applied to two contacts, and The voltage U of the current I v that has already flowed through the sample is measured at two further contacts.
  • the resistance R of unvulcanized siloxanes is measured using the Multimeter Model 2110 5 digit from Keithley Instrument and a measuring apparatus made from natural PP and stainless steel (1.4571) electrodes.
  • the measuring device is connected to the electrodes using brass contacts and laboratory cables.
  • the measuring apparatus is a mold with defined dimensions for L x W x H of 16 cm x 3 cm x 0.975 cm, into which the siloxane is spread for measurement.
  • the two outer flat electrodes are placed at a distance of 16 cm, so that the current flows through the entire sample.
  • the two point electrodes with a diameter of 1 cm are located in the base plate at a distance of 12 cm ( 1 ) and measure the voltage.
  • the following formula is used to calculate the specific resistance from the measured resistance R. with sample height h [cm], sample width w [cm] and electrode distance 1 [cm]
  • a planetary dissolver with a scraper is preferably used.
  • a vacuum planetary dissolver with a scraper and a bar stirrer is particularly preferred.
  • Dissolver disks with any arrangement and number of teeth can be used.
  • all silicone elastomer compositions known in the prior art can be used as base materials for the silicone elastomer composition.
  • addition-curing, peroxide-curing, condensation-curing or radiation-curing silicone elastomer compositions can be used.
  • Peroxidic or addition-crosslinking compositions are preferred.
  • Addition-crosslinking compositions are particularly preferred.
  • the silicone elastomer compositions can be formulated as one or two components.
  • the silicone elastomer compositions are crosslinked by applying heat, UV light and/or moisture.
  • the following silicone elastomer compositions are suitable, for example: HTV (addition-crosslinking), HTV (radiation-crosslinking), LSR, RTV 2 (addition-crosslinking), RTV 2 (condensation-crosslinking), RTV 1, TPSE (thermoplastic silicone elastomer), thiol-ene and cyanacetamide-crosslinking systems.
  • the preferred addition-curing silicone elastomer compositions contain
  • (B) at least one - preferably linear - organopolysiloxane compound with Si-bonded hydrogen atoms, or instead of (A) and (B) or in addition to (A) and (B) (C) at least one linear organopolysiloxane compound that has Si-C-bonded residues with aliphatic carbon f-carbon f multiple bonds and Si-bonded hydrogen atoms, and
  • the dispersion being carried out in a first step using a high-speed mixer in order to achieve a homogeneous distribution and comminution of the To obtain filler aggregates so that the specific resistance of the mixture is less than 50 Q*cm, and then in a second step the mixture is mechanically treated using a three-roller mill in order to crush larger agglomerates.
  • the amount of siloxane, conductivity black and MWCNT can be such that it corresponds to the desired solids proportions of conductivity black and MWCNT in the finished mixture, or a so-called masterbatch batch can also be produced.
  • the concentrated solids dispersion can be diluted down to the target solids value with additional siloxane.
  • the same siloxane or at least one different siloxane or mixtures of the same siloxane and at least one different siloxane can be used for dilution.
  • the components of the siloxane composition according to the invention can be added and dispersed in any order.
  • both conductivity carbon black and MWCNT can be used as a solid or prepared in advance. provided mixtures can be used.
  • a premixed soot premix can be used instead of the soot solid.
  • one or both premixes can be produced using a roller mill.
  • the carbon black premix consisting of conductivity carbon black and siloxane
  • the carbon black premix is first produced using a roller mill and then combined with MWCNT as a solid and additional siloxane to form a masterbatch.
  • this combined masterbatch in which MWCNTs and conductivity carbon black are present together, is dispersed in a first step using a high-speed mixer so that the specific resistance of the mixture is less than 50 Q * cm, and then in a second step Mixture mechanically treated using a three-roll mill.
  • the conductivity carbon black and MWCNT are mixed independently of one another in parts of the siloxane and, if necessary. predispersed, i.e. H . mixed in different mixing containers and if necessary. pre-dispersed, and then the two mixtures (soot premix and MWCNT premix) are mixed with if necessary. other components combined.
  • this combined mixture in which MWCNTs and conductivity carbon black are present together, is dispersed in a first step using a high-speed mixer so that the specific resistance of the mixture is less than 50 Q*cm, and then in a second step the mixture is mixed using Fe of a three-roll mill mechanically treated.
  • the final silicone composition of the 1K or 2K electrode material can be used if necessary. can be obtained by dilution in a subsequent step.
  • MWCNT, conductivity carbon black and components (A) to (D) can be added in portions or by adding the entire amount.
  • the mixing container and thus the mixed material contained can be tempered during dispersion, i.e. H . be kept at a target temperature by cooling or heating.
  • the temperature is usually in a range of 0 - 200 ° C, preferably in a range of 20 - 100 ° C.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out under vacuum.
  • Dispersion is preferably carried out, i.e. H .
  • the vacuum is usually ⁇ 1. 000 mbar, preferably ⁇ 800 mbar and particularly preferably ⁇ 500 mbar.
  • a vacuum following the dispersion can be done in the same device as the dispersion, or in a different device.
  • the vacuum is usually applied while stirring.
  • the vacuum is usually ⁇ 1. 000 mbar, preferably ⁇ 800 mbar and particularly preferably ⁇ 500 mbar.
  • the dispersion takes place at a high rotational speed of the dispersing tools and in particular of the dissolver disk.
  • the high power input achieved in this way leads to the desired finely dispersed distribution of the conductive fillers MWCNT and/or conductivity carbon black in the siloxane.
  • Essential for the dispersion result and therefore for an optimally high one Electrical conductivity of the conductive, cross-linking silicone elastomer composition is a maximum power input from the mixing tools.
  • the maximum power input depends on the selected mixing tools, their geometric arrangement, the rotational speed of the dissolver disk in particular, the temperature and the effective viscosity of the mix, i.e. H .
  • the viscosity of the siloxane which depends, among other things, on the degree of polymerization of the siloxane and the amount of filler added.
  • the dispersion is followed by a mechanical post-treatment with the three-roll mill in order to crush particulate agglomerates.
  • the method according to the invention can be supplemented by a final aftertreatment using pressure filtration.
  • this post-treatment using pressure filtration can also be dispensed with.
  • a further subject of the present invention are the electrically conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer compositions, obtainable by the process according to the invention.
  • a further subject of the invention is the use of the conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer composition according to the invention as an electrically conductive printing ink Contactless printing process for the production of electrically conductive elastomers on elastic supports.
  • the electrically conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer composition according to the invention produced in this way is used as a printing ink, for example in a contactless printing process, a printed image is created which has a smooth surface that is free of particles (jagged edges).
  • a printing ink for example in a contactless printing process
  • a printed image is created which has a smooth surface that is free of particles (jagged edges).
  • the electrically conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer composition according to the invention can be used as a printing ink for other non-contact printing processes such as.
  • B. Spray, drop-on-demand processes or laser transfer printing (LI FT process) can be used. It is preferably used in laser transfer printing (LI FT process).
  • the electrically conductive, crosslinking silicone elastomer composition according to the invention is particularly suitable as a printing ink for printing electrodes for dielectric elastomer sensors, actuators and generators and EAP layer systems.
  • ViPo 1,000 Vinyldimethylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1,000 mPa*s, available from Gelest Inc. under the product name DMS-V31 (Gelest catalog).
  • HPo 1,000 Hydridodimethylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1,000 mPa*s, available from Gelest Inc. under the product name DMS-H31 (Gelest catalog).
  • a platinum complex with phosphite ligands was chosen as the hydrosilylation catalyst for one-component systems, as described in EP2050768B1 (catalyst 6).
  • WACKER® KATALYSATOR OL (available from Wacker Chemie AG) was used for two-component systems.
  • 1-Ethynyl-l-cyclohexanol is available from Sigma Aldrich (CAS number: 78-27-3).
  • the viscosity measurements were carried out on an air-bearing MCR 302 rheometer from Anton Paar at 25 °C.
  • a cone-plate system (25 mm, 2°) with a gap size of 105 pm was used.
  • the excess material was removed (trimmed) with a spatula at a gap distance of 115 pm.
  • the cone then moved to a gap distance of 105 pm so that the entire gap was filled.
  • a "pre-shear" is performed, where the shear history is cleared through sample preparation, application and trimming. Pre-shearing takes place for 60 seconds at a shear rate of 10 s -1 , followed by a rest period of 300 seconds.
  • the shear viscosity is determined using a step profile in which the sample is sheared at constant shear rates of 1 s -1 , 10 s -1 and 100 s -1 for 100 seconds each. A measured value is recorded every 10 seconds, resulting in 10 measuring points per shear rate. The average of these 10 measuring points gives the shear viscosity at the respective shear rate.
  • the storage modulus G' was determined using an amplitude test. In this oscillation experiment, the amplitude y is varied from 0.01 to 1000% (at an angular frequency w of 10 s -1 , logarithmic ramp, 30 measuring points). Typically, at low amplitude values, the linear viscoelastic (LVE) region is found, in which G', when plotted double-logarithmically over y, has a plateau value. The plateau value is the storage modulus G' to be determined.
  • LVE linear viscoelastic
  • the resistance R of unvulcanized siloxanes is measured using the Multimeter Model 2110 5 digit from Keithley Instrument and a measuring apparatus made from natural PP and stainless steel (1.4571) electrodes.
  • the measuring device is connected to the electrodes using brass contacts and laboratory cables.
  • the measuring apparatus is a mold with defined dimensions for L x W x H of 16 cm x 3 cm x 0.975 cm, into which the siloxane is spread for measurement.
  • the two outer flat electrodes are placed at a distance of 16 cm, so that the current flows through the entire sample.
  • the two point electrodes with a diameter of 1 cm are located in the base plate at a distance of 12 cm ( 1 ) and measure the voltage.
  • the following formula is used to calculate the specific resistance p from the measured resistance R. with sample height h [cm], sample width w [cm] and electrode distance 1 [cm]
  • the printing inks were vulcanized in the form of a 2 mm plate and the Type 1 shoulder bar was punched.
  • the test specimen is subjected to a four-wire measurement. This is clamped in the middle between two electrically conductive clamping jaws so that the distance between them is 84.0 mm.
  • the Clamping jaws which represent the two outer electrical contacts, are structured, which means that the structure achieves a penetration effect into the material (grooving).
  • the two internal contacts are made by positioning two tendon 11 clamps at a distance of 29.5 mm from the nearest clamping jaw and at a distance of 25 cm from one another.
  • the two inner measuring terminals are pre-treated with silver conductive paste.
  • the tools used were a dissolver disk (14 teeth, teeth 90° to the disk, diameter 52 cm), a bar stirrer (standard tool) and a scraper with temperature measurement.
  • a laboratory mixer Mischtechnik Hoffmann & Partner GmbH Andrä - Wördern, Austria
  • the double-walled stirred tank was set to a jacket temperature of 19 °C using a thermostat.
  • IKA RW20 with 3-bladed propeller stirrer (R 1381) from IKA® -Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Staufen, Germany.
  • Masterbatch Ml was processed using a three-roll mill. A homogeneous, black paste with a specific resistance of 5.4 Q*cm was obtained. The viscosity is 274 Pa*s at a shear rate of 10 s -1 and the storage modulus G' in the LVE range is 50500 Pa.
  • a 100 pm layer was applied to a silicone film (ELASTOSIL ⁇ ®> film with a thickness of 100 pm, available from WACKER Chemie AG) using a ZAA2300 automatic film applicator with a ZUA 2000 universal applicator from Zehntner GmbH, Switzerland. lolled.
  • the layer raked with M2 was smooth, shiny and free of jagged edges.
  • the Ml-based layer has a rough surface with spikes emerging from the layer.
  • Printing ink lb was produced analogously to printing ink la, with the difference that masterbatch Ml was used instead of M2. A homogeneous, black paste was obtained.
  • the masterbatch M2 from Example 2 was diluted to a platinum-containing component A and a platinum-free component B: To produce the A component, 2500 g of the masterbatch M2 with Vipo 1000 (2138 g) and WACKER® CATALYST OL (9.25 g) mixed with a bar stirrer (100 rpm, laboratory mixer without dissolver disk) for 30 min.
  • Component B was produced analogously to component A with the difference that 2500 g of the masterbatch M2 with HPo 1000
  • components A and B were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 for 1 min with a propeller stirrer (800 rpm). A homogeneous, black paste was obtained.
  • Printing ink 2b was produced analogously to printing ink 2a, with the difference that masterbatch Ml was used instead of M2. A homogeneous, black paste was obtained.
  • the printing was carried out using a common, commercial laser engraving system from TROTEC Lasertechnik GmbH.
  • a system from the Speedy l OO flexx 60/20 series with dual is used
  • a homogeneous layer with a thickness of 60 pm and dimensions 200x 200mm is applied to the center of a quartz glass pane on one side.
  • the edge areas of the pane remain free of printing mass.
  • a silicone film (ELASTOS IL ⁇ ®> film with a thickness of 100 pm, available from WACKER Chemie AG) fixed by a film of water is placed in the cutting chamber of the laser on an uncoated glass pane as the surface to be printed.
  • the coated pane is placed on the first pane at a distance of 200 pm with the coating side facing the uncoated pane. The distance is adjusted using spacers, such as 100 pm microscope plates.
  • An area-filled geometry without gray areas and shading should be selected as the print template in the laser system's control software.
  • the laser power in the fiber laser cutting mode between 40-60% with a 20 W laser is sufficient.
  • the laser speed can be selected between 50 and 70%.
  • the focus point should be approx. 4 to 4.5 mm above the interface of the coating or the quartz glass plate. The selected geometries could then be transferred to the silicone film using the laser. Assessment of the prints
  • the surface of the printed electrode was assessed visually.
  • the layers printed with printing inks la and 2a are smooth, shiny and free of jagged edges. These printing inks are therefore suitable as electrode material for multi-layer systems, such as. B. in dielectric elastomer sensors, actuators and generators, particularly well suited.
  • Layers printed with the printing inks 1b and 2b (not according to the invention) have rough surfaces with points emerging from the layer and are therefore unsuitable for multi-layer systems.
  • Table 1 shows impressively that the other values of the printing inks are very comparable, but that the manufacturing process according to the invention is decisive for the suitability of a printing ink as an electrode material in multi-layer systems.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'élastomère de silicone à réticulation électroconductrice en tant qu'encre d'impression électroconductrice dans des procédés d'impression sans contact pour produire des électrodes pour des capteurs, des actionneurs ou des systèmes de couches EAP.
PCT/EP2022/065577 2022-06-08 2022-06-08 Encre d'impression élastomère électroconductrice pour procédés d'impression sans contact WO2023237192A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2022/065577 WO2023237192A1 (fr) 2022-06-08 2022-06-08 Encre d'impression élastomère électroconductrice pour procédés d'impression sans contact

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CN110294932A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-10-01 绍兴文理学院元培学院 一种用于3d打印的柔性复合压敏材料
EP3917280A1 (fr) * 2020-05-28 2021-12-01 Ohmvo Flexible Heat, S.L.U. Élément de chauffage composite intégré
KR102332538B1 (ko) * 2020-08-21 2021-12-01 송재범 발열 실리콘 고무 제조용 조성물, 발열 실리콘 고무, 물품 및 발열 실리콘 고무의 제조방법
CN112812566A (zh) * 2021-01-22 2021-05-18 航天材料及工艺研究所 一种低压变耐高温硅橡胶及其制备方法

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