WO2023236955A1 - 一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2023236955A1
WO2023236955A1 PCT/CN2023/098628 CN2023098628W WO2023236955A1 WO 2023236955 A1 WO2023236955 A1 WO 2023236955A1 CN 2023098628 W CN2023098628 W CN 2023098628W WO 2023236955 A1 WO2023236955 A1 WO 2023236955A1
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substituted
unsubstituted
aryl
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曹建华
姜卫东
张九敏
刘殿君
唐伟
唐怡杰
王志杰
谢佩
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北京八亿时空液晶科技股份有限公司
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials, and in particular to a multi-substituted carbazole derivative and its application.
  • organic luminescence refers to the phenomenon of emitting light when electric energy is applied to an organic substance; that is, when an organic layer is arranged between an anode and a cathode, if a voltage is applied between the two electrodes, holes will be injected from the anode. To the organic layer, electrons are injected from the cathode to the organic layer; when the injected holes and electrons meet, excitons are formed. When the excitons transition to the ground state, they emit light and heat.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-substituted carbazole derivative, which effectively improves the thermal stability of the material and the ability to transport carriers, and uses the multi-substituted carbazole derivative to prepare organic electroluminescent products.
  • the light-emitting element can significantly reduce the driving voltage, improve the luminous efficiency and lifespan; another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the multi-substituted carbazole derivative.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides a multi-substituted carbazole derivative, the structural formula of which is shown in formula (I):
  • Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are selected from C 1 -C 40 alkyl groups, C 3 -C 40 cycloalkyl groups or branched alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl groups, A group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 fused ring aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylamine group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aryl group;
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitrile, C 1 -C 40 alkyl, C 3 -C 40 cycloalkyl or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 fused ring aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylamine group, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aromatic group A group composed of bases;
  • R2 and R3 are each independently selected from deuterium, halogen, nitrile group, C1-C40 alkyl group, C3-C40 cycloalkyl group or branched alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted Or a group consisting of unsubstituted C6-C60 fused ring aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylamine group, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heterocyclic aryl group;
  • n is selected from an integer from 0 to 5;
  • L is selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylene group.
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, nitrile, methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, triphenylene, carboxy A group consisting of azolyl, fluorenyl, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene.
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, triphenylene, carbazolyl, A group consisting of fluorenyl, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene.
  • Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylamine group.
  • said m is selected from 0, 1 or 2.
  • Ar 1 is selected from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl or phenanthrenyl.
  • Ar 2 and Ar 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following groups: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, , perylene, fluoranthene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, diphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, terphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene Hydropyrene, cis or trans indenofluorene, cis or trans indenocarbazole, cis or trans indolocarbazole, trimeric indene, isotrimeric indene, spirotrimeric indene, spiroisotrimeric Polyindene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran,
  • the L is selected from a single bond or a group consisting of the following groups III-1 to III-15:
  • Z 11 and Z 12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen atom, hydroxyl group, nitrile group, nitro group, amino group, amidine group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, carboxyl group, carboxylate group, sulfonic acid group, and sulfonate group.
  • Z 13 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl sulfide group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group.
  • T 2 is O, S, CR'R" or NAr';
  • R', R" are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, C 1 -C 60 heteroalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted A group consisting of C 6 -C 60 arylamine groups, or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aryl groups, two or more adjacent groups of R' and R" are optionally bonded Or fused to form another one or more substituted or unsubstituted rings, containing or not containing one or more heteroatoms N, P, B, O or S in the formed ring; preferably, R', R ” is methyl, phenyl or fluorenyl;
  • Ar' is selected from C 1 -C 60 alkyl, C 1 -C 60 heteroalkyl, C 3 -C 60 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted A group consisting of a C 6 -C 60 fused ring aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylamine group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aryl group; preferably, Ar' is methyl, ethyl, phenyl or naphthyl;
  • the Ar 2 and Ar 3 are selected from the group consisting of the following groups:
  • the hydrogen atom on each substituent can be substituted by a substituent selected from hydrogen deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, nitrile, nitro, amino, amidino, hydrazine, hydrazone, carboxyl, carboxylate group, sulfonic acid group, sulfonate group, phosphate group, phosphate group, C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group , C 3 -C 60 cycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 60 cycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted A group consisting of a C 6 -C 60 aryl sulfide group or a substituted or unsubstituted C
  • G is O, S, CR’R” or NAr’;
  • R', R" are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, C 1 -C 60 heteroalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted A group consisting of C 6 -C 60 arylamine groups, or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aryl groups, two or more adjacent groups of R' and R" are optionally bonded Or fused to form another one or more substituted or unsubstituted rings, containing or not containing one or more heteroatoms N, P, B, O or S in the formed ring; preferably, R', R ” is methyl, phenyl or fluorenyl;
  • Ar' is selected from C 1 -C 60 alkyl, C 1 -C 60 heteroalkyl, C 3 -C 60 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted A group consisting of a C 6 -C 60 fused ring aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylamine group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aryl group; preferably, Ar' is methyl, ethyl, phenyl or naphthyl;
  • the aryl group or condensed ring aryl group of the present invention particularly refers to groups derived from the following substances: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, , perylene, fluoranthene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, aiphenyl, terphenyl, terphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis Formula or trans indenofluorene, cis or trans indenocarbazole, cis or trans indolocarbazole, trimer indene, isotrimeric indene, spiro trimer indene, spiro isotrimeric indene, furan , benzofuran, isobenzofuran, di
  • substituted or unsubstituted means one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen atom, hydroxyl group, nitrile group, nitro group, amino group, amidino group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, carboxyl group or its carboxyl group.
  • the aryl sulfide group and the C 2 -C 60 heterocyclic aryl group are substituted or unsubstituted by one or more substituents, or are substituted by connecting two or more substituents among the substituents shown above. Substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the NAr 2 Ar 3 is selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas B1 to B15:
  • *-G-* is selected from single bond, *-O-*, *-S-* or one of the following structures:
  • Each R 7 in the B1-B15 structure is independently selected from deuterium, fluorine, nitrile group, C 1 -C 40 alkyl group, C 2 - C 40 alkenyl group, C 2 - C 40 alkynyl group , C 3 to C 40 cycloalkyl group, C 3 to C 40 heterocycloalkyl group, C 6 to C 60 aryl group, C 2 to C 60 heteroaryl group, C 1 to C 40 alkoxy group , C 6 to C 60 aryloxy group, C 1 to C 40 alkylsilyl group, C 6 to C 60 arylsilyl group, C 1 to C 40 alkylboryl group, C 6 to C 60 A group consisting of an arylboryl group, a C 6 to C 60 arylphosphorus group, a C 6 to C 60 arylphosphine group, and a C 6 to C 60 arylamine group.
  • the substituent is When there is more than one type, the substituent is
  • the structural formula of the multi-substituted carbazole derivative is selected from the group consisting of the following D253 to D414:
  • *-T3-* is selected from *-O-*, *-S-* or one of the following structures:
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned multi-substituted carbazole derivatives, as shown in Scheme 1:
  • X 1 is H, Cl, Br, I or OTf
  • X 2 is Cl, Br, I or pinacol borate
  • Ad is adamantyl
  • the raw materials for synthesizing the compound represented by formula (I) can be purchased through commercial channels.
  • the principle, operation process, conventional post-treatment, column purification, recrystallization purification and other means are well known to synthetic practitioners in the field and can be Implement the synthesis process and obtain the target product.
  • the compound of formula (I) is a carbazole S0 protected by an adamantane formyl group substituted by
  • the intermediate Ar 2 Ar 3 N-(L) m B(OH) 2 or Ar 2 Ar 3 NH is prepared by palladium-catalyzed or base-catalyzed coupling reaction.
  • a palladium catalyst that can be used for palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction, it can be selected from: Pd(P- t Bu 3 ) 2 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , Pd 2 (dba) 3 , Pd 2 (dba) 3 CHCl 3 , PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , PdCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 , Pd(OAc) 2 , Pd(acac) 2 , Pd/C, PdCl 2 , [Pd(allyl)Cl] 2, etc., or use two mixture of one or more species.
  • the base used in the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction or the base-catalyzed coupling reaction can be selected from: sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride, hydrogenated Lithium, sodium tert-amyloxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium, potassium hydride, triethylamine, cesium fluoride, etc., as well as one or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the coupling reaction can be carried out in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent can be selected from: diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol Ether solvents such as methyl ether, diglyme, or anisole, aromatic hydrocarbon agents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N- One type or a mixture of two or more types of dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, etc. can be used.
  • the organic solvent can be selected from: diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethylene glycol
  • the present invention also provides an organic electroluminescent material, the raw material of which includes the above-mentioned multi-substituted carbazole derivatives; the organic electroluminescent material including the multi-substituted carbazole derivatives of the present invention has the ability of carrier transport or Light extraction capability.
  • the organic electroluminescent material is a hole injection layer material, a hole transport layer material, a hole blocking layer material, a light emitting layer material, an electron transport layer material, an electron injection layer material, a CPL layer material or an electron blocking layer Material.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned multi-substituted carbazole derivatives in preparing organic electroluminescent elements.
  • the present invention also provides an organic electroluminescent element, which includes: a first electrode, a second electrode, a CPL layer, and one or more organic layers placed between the first electrode and the second electrode; At least one of the organic layer and the CPL layer includes the above-mentioned multi-substituted carbazole derivative.
  • the organic electroluminescent element includes a cathode, an anode, CPL and at least one light-emitting layer. In addition to these layers, it may contain further layers, for example in each case one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, excitation layers, etc. sub-blocking layer, electron blocking layer and/or charge generating layer. An intermediate layer having, for example, an exciton blocking function can also be introduced between the two luminescent layers. However, it should be noted that each of these layers does not necessarily have to be present.
  • the organic electroluminescent element described here may include one light-emitting layer, or it may include a plurality of light-emitting layers.
  • a plurality of light-emitting compounds capable of emitting light are used in the light-emitting layer.
  • Particularly preferred are systems with three luminescent layers, wherein the three layers can exhibit blue, green and red luminescence. If more than one luminescent layer is present, according to the invention at least one of these layers contains a compound of the invention.
  • the organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention does not include a separate hole injection layer and/or hole transport layer and/or hole blocking layer and/or electron transport layer, that is, the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer or The anode is directly adjacent, and/or the light emitting layer is directly adjacent to the electron transport layer or electron injection layer or the cathode.
  • OLEDs comprise at least one organic layer disposed between and electrically connected to an anode and a cathode.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device 100. Illustrations are not necessarily to scale.
  • the device 100 may include a substrate 101, an anode 102, a hole injection layer 103, a hole transport layer 104, an electron blocking layer 105, a light emitting layer 106, an electron transport layer 107, an electron injection layer 108, a cathode 109, and a capping layer (CPL). )110.
  • Device 100 may be fabricated by sequentially depositing the described layers.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device 200 including two light-emitting layers.
  • the device includes a substrate 201, an anode 202, a hole injection layer 203, a hole transport layer 204, a first light-emitting layer 205, an electron transport layer 206, a charge generation layer 207, a hole injection layer 208, and a hole transport layer 209 , the second light-emitting layer 210, the electron transport layer 211, the electron injection layer 212 and the cathode 213.
  • Device 200 may be prepared by sequentially depositing the described layers.
  • the device 200 has two light-emitting layers of the same light color.
  • materials similar to those described with respect to device 100 may be used.
  • Figure 2 provides an example of how some layers may be added from the structure of device 100.
  • hole transport layer 204 transports holes and injects holes into light emitting layer 205, and may be described as a hole transport layer or an electron blocking layer.
  • an OLED may be described as having an organic layer disposed between a cathode and an anode. This organic layer may comprise a single layer or Multiple layers of different organic materials may further be included as described for example in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • OLEDs containing polymeric materials may also be used, such as PLEDs containing polymeric materials.
  • an OLED with a single organic layer or multiple stacks may be used.
  • OLED structures can depart from the simple layered structure illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the substrate may include angled reflective surfaces to improve light coupling.
  • the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention in addition to one or more of the above-mentioned organic layers containing the above-described indene derivative, the organic layer and the electrode can be formed using materials and methods known in the art. manufacture.
  • the substance that can be used as an anode included in the organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • metals such as vanadium, chromium, copper, zinc, gold, aluminum, or alloys thereof can be used. ;
  • Metal oxides such as zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO); combinations of metals and oxides such as ZnO: Al or SnO 2 : Sb; polythiophene, poly(3-methyl Conductive polymers such as thiophene), poly[3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene] (PEDT), polypyrrole and polyaniline; and carbon black, etc.
  • the material that can be used as the cathode included in the organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum can be used.
  • silver, tin or lead and other metals or their alloys; and multi-layer structure materials such as LiF/Al or Li 2 O/Al.
  • the substance that can be used as the substrate included in the organic electroluminescent element according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • silicon wafers, quartz, glass plates, metal plates or plastic films and sheets can be used.
  • organic electroluminescent components are preferred in which one or more layers can be applied by means of a sublimation method, wherein the layers are deposited by vapor deposition in a vacuum sublimation device at an initial pressure of less than 10 -5 Pa, preferably less than 10 -6 Pa. to apply the material.
  • the initial pressure may also be even lower, for example below 10 -7 Pa.
  • organic electroluminescent components in which one or more layers can also be applied by means of an organic vapor deposition method or by means of carrier gas sublimation, wherein the material is applied at a pressure of between 10 -5 Pa and 1 Pa .
  • a particular example of this method is the organic vapor jet printing method, in which the material is applied directly through a nozzle and is therefore structured.
  • organic electroluminescent elements produced from solution, for example by spin coating, or by means of any desired printing method, such as screen printing, flexographic printing, lithography, photothermography, thermal transfer printing, spray printing, etc. Ink printing or nozzle printing to produce one or more layers.
  • Soluble compounds can be obtained, for example, by appropriately substituting compounds represented by formula (I). These methods are also particularly suitable for oligomers, dendrimers and polymers.
  • hybrid methods are possible, in which one or more layers are applied, for example, from solution and one or more further layers are applied by vapor deposition.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a method for producing an organic electroluminescent element according to the invention, comprising applying at least one layer by means of a sublimation method and/or applying at least one layer by means of an organic vapor deposition method or by means of carrier gas sublimation , and/or at least one layer is applied from solution by spin coating or by means of printing methods.
  • the present invention relates to compounds comprising at least one compound of the invention indicated above.
  • the compounds may preferably also comprise other compounds.
  • Processing the compounds of the invention from the liquid phase requires processing of formulations of the compounds of the invention, which may be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions.
  • formulations of the compounds of the invention which may be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions.
  • mixtures of two or more solvents may preferably be used.
  • Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, o-dimethoxybenzene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, Tetrahydropyran, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, especially 3-phenoxytoluene, (-)-fenone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2, 4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, ⁇ -terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohe
  • the organic layer includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a hole injection layer. layer, CPL layer or electron blocking layer.
  • the raw materials used in the present invention can be purchased from commercial stores. Any range recorded in the present invention includes the end value and any value between the end value and the end value or any value between the end value. Any subrange formed by.
  • the multi-substituted carbazole derivative represented by formula (I) provided by the invention increases the rigidity and conjugated area of the carbazole ring, has high material thermal stability and the ability to transport carriers; the multi-substituted carbazole derivative Carbazole derivatives are used in organic electroluminescent components to significantly reduce driving voltage and improve luminous efficiency and lifespan.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device 100
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device 200 with two light-emitting layers
  • Figure 2 201-substrate, 202-anode, 203-hole injection, 204-hole transport layer, 205-first light-emitting layer, 206-electron transport layer, 207-charge generation layer, 208-hole injection layer, 209-hole transport layer, 210-second light-emitting layer, 211-electron transport layer, 212-electron injection layer, 213-cathode.
  • test instruments and methods for performance testing of OLED materials and components in the following examples are as follows:
  • Luminance and chromaticity coordinates tested using spectral scanner PhotoResearch PR-715;
  • the preparation method of compound D257 includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method of compound D258 includes the following steps:
  • Example 1 Referring to the synthesis method of Example 1, only Int-2 in the third step of Example 1 was replaced with Int-7 to prepare compound Int-8 as a white solid, yield: 86%.
  • An organic electroluminescent element 100 has a structure as shown in Figure 1, including a substrate 101, an anode layer 102 provided on the substrate 101, a hole injection layer 103 provided on the anode layer 102, and a hole injection layer 103 provided on the anode layer 102.
  • the preparation method of the cathode layer 109 and the CPL layer 110 disposed on the cathode layer 109 includes the following steps:
  • the light-emitting element prepared by using the multi-substituted carbazole derivative of the present invention as a hole transport layer material also has a reduced driving voltage, a significant improvement in luminous efficiency, and a LT95% lifespan under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 It has obvious advantages and is a hole transport layer material with good performance.
  • the light-emitting element prepared by using the multi-substituted carbazole derivative of the present invention as the host material of the light-emitting layer also has a reduced driving voltage, a significant improvement in luminous efficiency, and a LT95% lifespan under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 It has been greatly improved and is a light-emitting layer material with excellent performance.
  • the difference between compound H-3 in Comparative Example 2 is that the conjugated area of the carbazole fragment is small, there is no influence of substituents at the ortho position of the electron-withdrawing group, and the molecular composition In the planar configuration, the carrier transmission in the light-emitting layer is unbalanced, which is not conducive to the formation of excitons.
  • the multi-substituted carbazole derivative formula (I) of the present invention has more electron-donating groups, which is more conducive to the formation of electrons. transport and formation of excitons, so it performs better in light-emitting devices.

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Abstract

本发明涉及有机电致发光材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用。所述多取代咔唑衍生物的结构式如式(I)所示；本发明提供的式(I)所示的多取代咔唑衍生物，增大了咔唑环的刚性和共轭面积，提高了材料热稳定性和输送载流子的能力；将该多取代咔唑衍生物应用在有机电致发光元件中，可显著降低驱动电压、提高发光效率和寿命。

Description

一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用
交叉引用
本申请要求2022年6月9日提交的专利名称为“一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用”的第202210645247.3号中国专利申请的优先权，其全部公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用。
背景技术
一般而言，有机发光现象是指在对有机物质施加电能时发出光的现象；即在阳极与阴极之间配置有机层时，如果在两个电极之间施加电压，则空穴会从阳极注入至有机层，电子会从阴极注入至有机层；当所注入的空穴和电子相遇时，会形成激子，当该激子跃迁至基态时，会发出光和热。
最近几年有机电致发光显示技术已趋于成熟，一些产品已进入市场，但在产业化过程中，仍有许多问题亟待解决。特别是用于制作元件的各种有机材料，其载流子注入和传输性能、材料电发光性能、使用寿命、色纯度、各种材料之间及与各电极之间的匹配等，尚有许多问题还未解决；尤其是发光元件的发光效率和使用寿命还达不到实用化要求，这大大限制了OLED技术的发展。而利用三线态发光的金属配合物磷光材料具有高的发光效率，其绿光和红光材料已经达到使用要求，但是金属配合物磷光材料要求具有高三线态能级的磷光材料或空穴材料与之匹配。因此，开发具有高三线态能级的磷光材料或空穴材料是当前OLED发展的迫切需求。
在目前的技术发展下，无论是对于荧光材料还是对于磷光材料，特别是在用于有机电致发光元件中的工作电压、效率和寿命方面和在升华期间的热稳定性方面，都还需要改进。
由此，为了克服如上所述的以往技术问题而进一步提高有机电致发光元件的特性，继续要求对于在有机电致发光元件中可用作磷光材料或空穴材料的更加稳定且有效的物质的开发。
鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多取代咔唑衍生物，该多取代咔唑衍生物有效提高了材料热稳定性和输送载流子的能力，利用该多取代咔唑衍生物制备的有机电致发光元件可显著降低驱动电压、提高发光效率和寿命；本发明的另一目的在于提供该多取代咔唑衍生物的应用。
具体地，本发明提供以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种多取代咔唑衍生物，其结构式如式(I)所示：
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3选自由C1-C40的烷基、C3-C40的环烷基或带有支链的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
R1选自由氢、氘、卤素、腈基、C1-C40的烷基、C3-C40的环烷基或带有支链的烷基、取代或未取代的 C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
R2、R3各自独立地选自由氘、卤素、腈基、C1-C40的烷基、C3-C40的环烷基或带有支链的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
m选自0～5的整数；
L选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C60的亚芳基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60亚杂芳基。
进一步地，所述R1选自由氢、氘、氟、腈基、甲基、乙基、叔丁基、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、三亚苯基、咔唑基、芴基、二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩组成的群组。
进一步地，所述R2、R3各自独立地选自由甲基、乙基、叔丁基、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、三亚苯基、咔唑基、芴基、二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩组成的群组。
进一步地，所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar3各自独立地选自由取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基组成的群组。
进一步地，所述m选自0、1或2。
进一步地，所述Ar1选自苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、芴基或菲基。
进一步地，所述Ar2、Ar3各自独立地选自由以下基团组成的群组：苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、四联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并[5，6]喹啉、苯并[6，7]喹啉、苯并[7，8]喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、噁唑、苯并噁唑、萘并噁唑、蒽并噁唑、菲并噁唑、异噁唑、1，2-噻唑、1，3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1，5-二氮杂蒽、2，7-二氮杂芘、2，3-二氮杂芘、1，6-二氮杂芘、1，8-二氮杂芘、4，5-二氮杂芘，4，5，9，10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、咔啉、菲咯啉、1，2，3-三唑、1，2，4-三唑、苯并三唑、1，2，3-噁二唑、1，2，4-噁二唑、1，2，5-噁二唑、1，3，4-噁二唑、1，2，3-噻二唑、1，2，4-噻二唑、1，2，5-噻二唑、1，3，4-噻二唑、1，3，5-三嗪、1，2，4-三嗪、1，2，3-三嗪、四唑、1，2，4，5-四嗪、1，2，3，4-四嗪、1，2，3，5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪、喹唑啉和苯并噻二唑，或者以上任一基团的衍生物的类似物。
作为优选，所述L选自单键或由以下III-1～III-15所示基团组成的群组：
其中，
Z11、Z12各自独立地选自由氢、氘、卤原子、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基、羧酸盐基、磺酸基、磺酸盐基、磷酸基、磷酸盐基、C1-C60的烷基、C2-C60的烯基、C2-C60的炔基、C1-C60 的烷氧基、C3-C60的环烷烃基、C3-C60的环烯烃基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
Z13为取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基中的一种或多种；
y1为1-4的整数；y2为1-6的整数；y3为1-3的整数；y4为1-5的整数；
T2为O、S、CR’R”或NAr’；
R’、R”各自独立地选自由氢、氘、C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组，R’和R”任意相邻的两个或多个基团任选地接合或稠合形成另外的一个或多个取代或未取代的环，在所形成的环中含有或不含有一个或多个杂原子N、P、B、O或S；优选地，R’、R”为甲基、苯基或芴基；
Ar’选自由C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、C3-C60的环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；优选地，Ar’为甲基、乙基、苯基或萘基；
表示取代基与主体结构的连接键。
作为优选，所述Ar2、Ar3选自由以下所示基团组成的群组：
其中，
每个取代基上的氢原子均可被取代基取代，所述取代基选自由氢氘、卤素、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基、羧酸盐基、磺酸基、磺酸盐基、磷酸基、磷酸盐基、C1-C60烷基、C2-C60烯基、C2-C60炔基、C1-C60烷氧基、C3-C60环烷烃基、C3-C60环烯烃基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
G为O、S、CR’R”或NAr’；
R’、R”各自独立地选自由氢、氘、C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组，R’和R”任意相邻的两个或多个基团任选地接合或稠合形成另外的一个或多个取代或未取代的环，在所形成的环中含有或不含有一个或多个杂原子N、P、B、O或S；优选地，R’、R”为甲基、苯基或芴基；
Ar’选自由C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、C3-C60的环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；优选地，Ar’为甲基、乙基、苯基或萘基；
*-为Ar2、Ar3与N的连接键。
本发明的芳基或稠环芳基，特别是指衍生自如下物质的基团：苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并[5，6]喹啉、苯并[6，7]喹啉、苯并[7，8]喹啉、 吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、噁唑、苯并噁唑、萘并噁唑、蒽并噁唑、菲并噁唑、异噁唑、1，2-噻唑、1，3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1，5-二氮杂蒽、2，7-二氮杂芘、2，3-二氮杂芘、1，6-二氮杂芘、1，8-二氮杂芘、4，5-二氮杂芘，4，5，9，10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、咔啉、菲咯啉、1，2，3-三唑、1，2，4-三唑、苯并三唑、1，2，3-噁二唑、1，2，4-噁二唑、1，2，5-噁二唑、1，3，4-噁二唑、1，2，3-噻二唑、1，2，4-噻二唑、1，2，5-噻二唑、1，3，4-噻二唑、1，3，5-三嗪、1，2，4-三嗪、1，2，3-三嗪、四唑、1，2，4，5-四嗪、1，2，3，4-四嗪、1，2，3，5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪、喹唑啉和苯并噻二唑或者衍生自这些体系的组合的基团。
本发明中，“取代或未取代的”这一用语是指，被选自氢、氘、卤原子、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基或其羧酸盐、磺酸基或其磺酸盐、磷酸基或其磷酸盐、C1-C60的烷基、C2-C60的烯基、C2-C60的炔基、C1-C60的烷氧基、C3-C60的环烷基、C3-C60的环烯基、C6-C60的芳基、C6-C60的芳氧基、C6-C60的芳硫醚基和C2-C60的杂环芳基中的1个以上的取代基取代或未取代，或者被上述所示的取代基中的2个以上的取代基连接而成的取代基取代或未取代。
根据本发明的实施例，所述NAr2Ar3选自由下述式B1～B15所示基团组成的群组：
其中，*-G-*选自单键、*-O-*、*-S-*或下述结构中的一种：
*-和-*为连接键；
所述B1～B15结构中的每个R7各自独立地选自由氘、氟、腈基、C1-C40的烷基、C2～C40的烯基、C2～C40的炔基、C3～C40的环烷基、C3～C40的杂环烷基、C6～C60的芳基、C2～C60的杂芳基、C1～C40的烷氧基、C6～C60的芳氧基、C1～C40的烷基硅基、C6～C60的芳基甲硅烷基、C1～C40的烷基硼基、C6～C60的芳基硼基、C6～C60的芳基磷基、C6～C60的芳基氧磷基、C6～C60的芳胺基组成的群组，此时，当取代基为一种以上时，多个取代基彼此相同或不同。
作为优选，所述多取代咔唑衍生物的结构式选自由以下D253至D414组成的群组：









其中，*-T3-*选自*-O-*、*-S-*或下述结构中的一种：
*-和-*为连接键。
本发明还提供以上所述的多取代咔唑衍生物的制备方法，如方案1所示：
方案1，
在方案1中，所用符号如式(I)中所定义，X1为H、Cl、Br、I或OTf；X2为Cl、Br、I或硼酸频哪醇酯；Ad为金刚烷基；
合成式(I)所示化合物的原料可通过商业途径购买而得，此方法原理、操作过程、常规后处理、过柱纯化、重结晶提纯等手段是本领域合成从员所熟知的，完全可以实现合成过程，得到目标产物。
具体地，式(I)的化合物是由X1取代的金刚烷甲酰基保护的咔唑S0经过碘代反应、SUZUKI偶联等反应制备化合物式(I)。中间体Ar2Ar3N-(L)mB(OH)2或Ar2Ar3NH通过钯催化或碱催化偶联反应制备。
作为可用于钯催化偶联反应的钯催化剂可选自：Pd(P-tBu3)2、Pd(PPh3)4、Pd2(dba)3、Pd2(dba)3CHCl3、PdCl2(PPh3)2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、Pd(OAc)2、Pd(acac)2、Pd/C、PdCl2、[Pd(allyl)Cl]2等任意一种，或使用两种或更多种的混合物。
此外，钯催化的偶联反应或碱催化的偶联反应使用的碱可选自：叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、氢化钠、氢化 锂、叔戊醇钠、乙醇钠、甲醇钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、锂、氢化钾、三乙胺、氟化铯等，以及其中一种或两种或更多种的混合物。
偶联反应可以在有机溶剂中进行，其中有机溶剂可选自：乙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1，4-二氧六环、乙二醇乙醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇甲醚、二甘醇二乙醚、或苯甲醚等醚类溶剂、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳烃类剂、氯苯、二氯苯、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、环丁砜等，可以使用一种或两种以上的混合物。
本发明还提供一种有机电致发光材料，其原料包括以上所述的多取代咔唑衍生物；包括本发明的多取代咔唑衍生物的有机电致发光材料具有载流子传输的能力或光取出能力。
作为优选，所述有机电致发光材料为空穴注入层材料、空穴传输层材料、空穴阻挡层材料、发光层材料、电子传输层材料、电子注入层材料、CPL层材料或电子阻挡层材料。
本发明同时提供以上所述的多取代咔唑衍生物在制备有机电致发光元件中的应用。
本发明还提供一种有机电致发光元件，其包括：第一电极、第二电极、CPL层和置于所述第一电极、所述第二电极之间的一层以上的有机层；所述有机层、CPL层中的至少一层包括以上所述的多取代咔唑衍生物。
所述有机电致发光元件包含阴极、阳极、CPL和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外，它还可以包含其它的层，例如在每种情况下，包含一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层同样可引入两个发光层之间。然而，应当指出，这些层中的每个并非必须都存在。此处所述有机电致发光元件可包含一个发光层，或者它可包含多个发光层。即，将能够发光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系，其中所述三个层可显示蓝色、绿色和红色发光。如果存在多于一个的发光层，则根据本发明，这些层中的至少一个层包含本发明的化合物。
进一步地，根据本发明的有机电致发光元件不包含单独的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层，即发光层与空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻，和/或发光层与电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻。
在根据本发明的有机电致发光元件的其它层中，特别是在空穴传输层中和发光层中以及在CPL中，所有材料可以按照根据现有技术通常所使用的方式来使用。本领域普通技术人员因此将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下与根据本发明的发光层组合使用关于有机电致发光元件所知的所有材料。
一般来说，OLED包含至少一个有机层，其安置在阳极与阴极之间且与阳极和阴极电连接。图1展示有机发光装置100示意图。图示不一定按比例绘制。装置100可包含衬底101、阳极102、空穴注入层103、空穴传输层104、电子阻挡层105、发光层106、电子传输层107、电子注入层108、阴极109以及封盖层(CPL)110。装置100可通过依序沉积所描述的层来制造。
图2展示含有两个发光层的有机发光装置200示意图。所述装置包含衬底201、阳极202、空穴注入层203、空穴传输层204、第一发光层205、电子传输层206、电荷产生层207、空穴注入层208、空穴传输层209、第二发光层210、电子传输层211、电子注入层212以及阴极213。可通过依序沉积所描述的层来制备装置200。因为最常见的OLED装置具有一个单色发光层或具有三个三原色的发光层，而装置200具有两个相同光色的发光层。在装置200的对应层中，可使用与关于装置100所描述的材料类似的材料。图2提供可如何从装置100的结构增加一些层的一个实例。
图1和图2中所说明的简单分层结构是作为非限制实例而提供，且应当理解，可结合各种各样的其它结构使用本发明的实施例。所描述的特定材料和结构本质上是示范性的，且可使用其它材料和结构。可基于设计、性能和成本因素，通过以不同方式组合所描述的各个层来实现功能性OLED，或可完全省略若干层。还可包含未具体描述的其它层。可使用不同于具体描述的材料。尽管本文所提供的实例中的许多实例将各种层描述为包括单一材料，但将理解，可使用材料的组合，例如基质与掺杂剂的混合物，或更一般来说，混合物。并且，所述层可具有各种子层。本文中给予各个层的名称不意欲为严格限制性的。举例来说，在装置200中，空穴传输层204传输空穴并将空穴注入到发光层205中，且可被描述为空穴传输层或电子阻挡层。在一个实施例中，可将OLED描述为具有安置在阴极与阳极之间的有机层。此有机层可包括单个层或 可进一步包括如例图1和图2所描述的不同有机材料的多个层。
还可使用未具体描述的结构和材料，例如包含聚合物材料的PLED。作为另一实例，可使用具有单个有机层的OLED或多个堆叠。OLED结构可脱离图1和图2中所说明的简单分层结构。举例来说，衬底可包含有角度的反射表面以改进光耦合。
另一方面，关于本发明的有机电致发光元件，除了上述有机物层中的一层以上包含以上所述的茚衍生物之外，可以利用本领域中公知的材料和方法来形成有机物层和电极制造。
此外，可用作根据本发明的有机电致发光元件中所包含的阳极的物质没有特别限定，作为非限制性例子，可以使用钒、铬、铜、锌、金、铝等金属或它们的合金；氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等金属氧化物；ZnO：Al或SnO2：Sb等金属与氧化物的组合；聚噻吩、聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3，4-(亚乙基-1，2-二氧)噻吩](PEDT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺等导电性高分子；以及炭黑等。
可用作根据本发明的有机电致发光元件中所包含的阴极的物质没有特别限定，作为非限制性例子，可以使用镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡或铅等金属或它们的合金；及LiF/Al或Li2O/Al等多层结构物质等。
可用作根据本发明的有机电致发光元件中所包含的基板的物质没有特别限定，作为非限制性例子，可以使用硅片、石英、玻璃板、金属板或塑料膜和片等。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光元件，可以借助于升华方法施加一个或多个层，其中在真空升华装置中在低于10-5Pa、优选低于10-6Pa的初压下通过气相沉积来施加所述材料。然而，所述初压还可能甚至更低，例如低于10-7Pa。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光元件，也可以借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加一个或多个层，其中，在10-5Pa至1Pa之间的压力下施加所述材料。该方法的特别的例子是有机蒸气喷印方法，其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加，并且因此是结构化的。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光元件，从溶液中，例如通过旋涂，或借助于任何所希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、光引发热成像、热转印、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷，来产生一个或多个层。可溶性化合物，例如通过适当的取代式(I)所示的化合物获得可溶性化合物。这些方法也特别适于低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物。此外可行的是混合方法，其中例如从溶液中施加一个或多个层并且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个另外的层。
这些方法是本领域普通技术人员通常已知的，并且他们可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下将其应用于包含根据本发明的化合物的有机电致发光元件。
因此，本发明还涉及制造根据本发明的有机电致发光元件的方法，包括借助于升华方法来施加至少一个层，和/或借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加至少一个层，和/或从溶液中通过旋涂或借助于印刷方法来施加至少一个层。
此外，本发明涉及包含至少一种上文指出的本发明的化合物。如上文关于有机电致发光元件指出的相同优选情况适用于所述本发明的化合物。特别是，所述化合物此外还可优选包含其它化合物。从液相处理本发明的化合物，例如通过旋涂或通过印刷方法进行处理，需要处理本发明的化合物的制剂，这些制剂可以例如是溶液、分散体或乳液。出于这个目的、可优选使用两种或更多种溶剂的混合物。合适并且优选的溶剂例如是甲苯、苯甲醚、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、均三甲苯、萘满、邻二甲氧基苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、氯苯、二噁烷、苯氧基甲苯，特别是3-苯氧基甲苯、(-)-葑酮、1，2，3，5-四甲基苯、1，2，4，5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-吡咯烷酮、3-甲基苯甲醚、4-甲基苯甲醚、3，4-二甲基苯甲醚、3，5-二甲基苯甲醚、苯乙酮、α-萜品醇、苯并噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、异丙苯、环己醇、环己酮、环己基苯、十氢化萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸乙酯、茚满、苯甲酸甲酯、1-甲基吡咯烷酮、对甲基异丙基苯、苯乙醚、1，4-二异丙基苯、二苄醚、二乙二醇丁基甲基醚、三乙二醇丁基甲基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、三乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇单丁基醚、三丙二醇二甲基醚、四乙二醇二甲基醚、2-异丙基萘、戊苯、己苯、庚苯、辛苯、1，1-双(3，4-二甲基苯基)乙烷，或这些溶剂的混合物。
作为优选，所述有机层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入 层、CPL层或电子阻挡层。
另外，如无特殊说明，本发明中所用原料均可通过市售商购获得，本发明所记载的任何范围包括端值以及端值之间的任何数值以及端值或者端值之间的任意数值所构成的任意子范围。
本发明所取得的有益效果：
本发明提供的式(I)所示的多取代咔唑衍生物，增大了咔唑环的刚性和共轭面积，具有高的材料热稳定性和输送载流子的能力；将该多取代咔唑衍生物应用在有机电致发光元件中，可显著降低驱动电压、提高发光效率和寿命。
附图说明
图1为有机发光装置100的示意图；
图1中：101-衬底、102-阳极、103-空穴注入层、104-空穴传输层、105-电子阻挡层、106-发光层、107-电子传输层、108-电子注入层、109-阴极、110-封盖层(CPL)；
图2为两个发光层的有机发光装置200的示意图；
图2中：201-衬底、202-阳极、203-空穴注入、204-空穴传输层、205-第一发光层、206-电子传输层、207-电荷产生层、208-空穴注入层、209-空穴传输层、210-第二发光层、211-电子传输层、212-电子注入层、213-阴极。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上；术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
以下实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。以下实施例中所用的实验原料和相关设备等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到，所述百分比如无特殊说明，均为质量百分比。
下述实施例对OLED材料及元件进行性能测试的测试仪器及方法如下：
OLED元件性能检测条件：
亮度和色度坐标：使用光谱扫描仪PhotoResearch PR-715测试；
电流密度和起亮电压：使用数字源表Keithley 2420测试；
功率效率：使用NEWPORT 1931-C测试。
实施例1
化合物D257的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步：中间体Int-1的制备
在氮气保护下，24.0mmol的苯硼酸溶解于40mL的甲苯中，在氮气保护下，加入10.0mmol的SM-1、50.0mmol的无水碳酸钠、0.01mmol的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂，再加入20mL的乙醇和20mL的水，升温至回流搅拌反应10小时，降到室温，加入50mL的水稀释，用乙酸乙酯萃取，收集有机相，干燥，过滤，滤液减压浓缩干，过硅胶短柱，甲苯洗脱，减压浓缩干，再用甲苯-THF重结晶，得到Int-1，白色固体，收率88％。
第二步：中间体Int-2的制备
参考专利CN113387818A实施例中A1的制备方法，在氮气保护下，20.0mmol的Int-1溶于50mL的二氯甲烷中，于室温下，滴加入44.0mmol的三溴化硼溶于二氯甲烷的溶液，搅拌反应2小时，加入44.0mmol的频哪醇和0.1mol的三乙胺，搅拌反应2小时，加入20mL饱和盐水溶液，用二氯甲烷萃取，有机相干燥，过滤，减压浓缩干，用硅胶柱分离纯化，得到化合物Int-2，白色固体，收率：75％。
第三步：中间体Int-3的制备
在氮气保护下，12.0mmol的Int-2溶解于40mL的甲苯中，在氮气保护下，加入10.0mmol的9-联苯基-3-溴咔唑、36.0mmol的无水碳酸钾、0.01mmol的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂，再加入20mL的乙醇和20mL的水，升温至回流搅拌反应12小时，降到室温，加入50mL的水稀释，用二氯甲烷萃取，收集有机相，干燥，过滤，滤液减压浓缩干，过硅胶短柱，二氯甲烷洗脱，减压浓缩干，得到化合物Int-3，白色固体，收率88％。
第四步：化合物Int-4的制备
在氮气保护下，20.0mmol的Int-3、80.0mmol的氧氧化钾和40mL的DMSO混合，搅拌反应12小时，将反应液倒入200mL饱和氯化铵水溶液中，过滤，减饼用水洗、乙醇洗，用硅胶柱分离纯化，得到黄色固体Int-4，收率：92％，MS(MALDI-TOF)：m/z＝637.2657[M+H]+。
第五步：化合物D257的制备
10.0mmol的Int-4溶解于60mL的二甲苯中，在氮气保护下，加入12.0mmol的溴苯、15.0mmol的叔丁醇钠、0.1mmol的碘化亚铜、0.1mmol的Pd2(dba)3催化剂，再加入0.2mmol的Xantphos，升温至110℃搅拌反应16小时，降到室温，加入20mL的水稀释，用甲苯萃取，收集有机相，干燥，过滤，滤液减压浓缩干，用硅胶柱分离纯化，得到化合物D257，收率85％，真空升华后，HPLC：99.95％，MS(MALDI-TOF)：m/z＝713.2896[M+H]+；1HNMR(δ、CDCl3)：8.42(1H，s)；8.24～8.20(2H，m)；8.15(1H，s)；7.98～7.95(2H，m)；7.83～7.73(5H，m)；7.69～7.63(5H，m)；7.59～7.48(10H，m)；7.41～7.26(9H，m)；7.19～7.16(1H，m)。
参照上述实施例1类似的合成方法，制备以下化合物：




实施例2
化合物D258的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步：中间体Int-5的制备
7.4mmol的9-(1-金刚烷甲酰基)-1-溴咔唑用50mL冰醋酸搅拌溶解，加入5.7mmol的碘酸钾和9.7mmol的碘化钾，升温回流反应2小时，降至室温，过滤，滤饼用水洗、饱和的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗、水洗，干燥后得到化合物Int-5，白色固体，收率92％。
第二步：中间体Int-6的制备
在氮气保护下，35.0mmol的苯硼酸溶解于50mL的甲苯中，在氮气保护下，加入10.0mmol的Int-5、75.0mmol的无水碳酸钠、0.02mmol的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂，再加入25mL的乙醇和25mL的水，升温至回流搅拌反应12小时，降到室温，加入50mL的水稀释，用乙酸乙酯萃取，收集有机相，干燥，过滤，滤液减压浓缩干，过硅胶短柱，乙酸乙酯洗脱，减压浓缩干，再用甲苯-THF重结晶，得到Int-6，白色固体，收率84％。
第三步：中间体Int-7的制备
参照实施例1的合成方法，仅将实施例1第二步的Int-1替换为Int-6，制备化合物Int-7，白色固体，收率：82％。
第四步：化合物Int-8的制备
参照实施例1的合成方法，仅将实施例1第三步的Int-2替换为Int-7，制备化合物Int-8，白色固体，收率：86％。
第五步：化合物Int-9的制备
参照实施例1的合成方法，仅将实施例1第四步的Int-3替换为Int-8，制备化合物Int-9，收率89％，MS(MALDI-TOF)：m/z＝713.2892[M+H]+。
第六步：化合物D258的制备
参照实施例1的合成方法，仅将实施例1第五步的Int-4替换为Int-9，制备化合物D258，收率86％，真空升华后，HPLC：99.94％，MS(MALDI-TOF)：m/z＝789.3277[M+H]+；1HNMR(δ、CDCl3)：8.41(1H，s)； 8.21～8.17(3H，m)；8.01～8.75(2H，m)；7.88～7.80(6H，m)；7.73～7.70(2H，m)；7.62～7.47(14H，m)；7.41～7.27(10H，m)；7.21～7.16(2H，m)。
实施例3
化合物D317的制备：
20.0mmol的Int-9’(参照实施例2的合成方法制备)溶解于50mL的DMF中，在氮气保护下，降温至0℃，加入24.0mmol的65％的氢化钠固体，搅拌反应1小时，加入24.0mmol的2-氯-4，6-二苯基-1，3，5-三嗪，升到室温搅拌反应8小时，将反应液倒入150mL的水中，过滤，滤饼用水洗，用硅胶柱分离纯化，得到化合物D317，黄色固体，收率86％。真空升华后，HPLC：99.95％，MS(MALDI-TOF)：m/z＝779.3192[M+H]+；1HNMR(δ、CDCl3)：8.35～8.32(4H，m)；7.97(2H，s)；7.93(1H，s)；7.76～7.70(9H，m)；7.62～7.58(2H，m)；7.49～7.42(12H，m)；7.40～7.34(4H，m)；7.19～7.13(4H，m)。
参照上述实施例2和实施例3类似的合成方法，制备以下化合物：








实施例4
一种有机电致发光元件100，其结构如图1所示，包括基板101、设于基板101上的阳极层102、设于阳极层102上的空穴注入层103、设于空穴注入层103上的空穴传输层104、设于空穴传输层104上的电子阻挡层105、设于电子阻挡层105上的发光层106、设于发光层106上的电子传输层107、电子注入层108、阴极层109，以及设于阴极层109之上的CPL层110，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将涂布了ITO导电层的玻璃基片在清洗剂中超声处理30分钟，在去离子水中冲洗，在丙酮/乙醇混合溶剂中超声30分钟，在洁净的环境下烘烤至完全干燥，用紫外光清洗机照射10分钟，并用低能阳离子束轰击表面；
2)把上述处理好的ITO玻璃基片置于真空腔内，抽真空至1×10-5～9×10-3Pa，在上述ITO膜上蒸镀金属银作为阳极层，蒸镀膜厚为蒸镀化合物HI01和F4TCNQ作为空穴注入层，F4TCNQ为HI01质量的3％，蒸镀膜厚为
3)在上述空穴注入层上继续蒸镀本发明式(I)所示的化合物为空穴传输层，蒸镀膜厚为
4)在上述空穴传输层上继续蒸镀化合物EBL02为电子阻挡层，蒸镀膜厚为
5)在电子阻挡层上继续蒸镀PHR为主体材料和RD016为掺杂材料，RD016为PHR质量的3％，作为有机发光层，蒸镀膜厚为
6)在有机发光层上继续蒸镀一层LiQ和ET06作为电子传输层，LiQ和ET06的质量比为50∶50，蒸镀膜厚为
7)在电子传输层之上继续蒸镀一层LiF为电子注入层，蒸镀膜厚为
8)在电子注入层之上蒸镀金属镁和银作为透明阴极层，镁和银的质量比为1∶2，蒸镀膜厚为
9)在透明阴极层之上再蒸镀一层NPB作为元件的CPL层，蒸镀膜厚为得到本发明提供的OLED元件。
实施例4中使用的化合物HI01、EBL02、PHR、RD016、ET06和F4TCNQ的结构如下：
对比例1
按照与实施例4相同的步骤，将步骤3)中的式(I)所示的化合物替换为H-1，得到对比元件1；H-1结构式如下：
对上述过程制备的有机电致发光元件进行如下性能测试：
在同样亮度下，使用数字源表及亮度计测定实施例4及对比例1中制备得到的有机电致发光元件的驱动电压和电流效率以及元件的寿命。具体而言，以每秒0.1V的速率提升电压，测定当有机电致发光元件的电流密度达到10mA/cm2时的电压即驱动电压，同时测出此时的亮度；亮度与电流密度的比值即为电流效率；LT95％寿命测试如下：使用亮度计在1000cd/m2亮度下，保持恒定的电流，测量有机电致发光元件的亮度衰减为950cd/m2的时间，单位为小时。
表1各元件性能检测结果




由表1可知，本发明的多取代咔唑衍生物作为空穴传输层材料制备成的发光元件同样在电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下，驱动电压降低，发光效率提高显著，而且LT95％寿命有明显优势，是性能良好的空穴传输层材料。
对比例1中的化合物H-1与本发明式(I)所示的化合物相比，区别在于咔唑片段的取代基少、共轭面积小，虽然相对位阻较小，对分子成膜的影响较小，但是与含有多取代的咔唑式(I)相比，一是平面共轭能力较弱，二是取代位置的不同影响分子的成膜均匀性，所以本发明式(I)所示的化合物在分子成膜及载流子的传输性能上均较对比的化合物H-1优异，在元件性能和寿命上表现更有优势。
实施例5
按照与实施例4相同的步骤，将步骤3)中的本发明式(I)所示的化合物替换为D293，将步骤5)中的化合物PHR替换为本发明式(I)所示的化合物，得到本发明提供的OLED元件；D293结构式如下：
对比例2
按照与实施例5相同的步骤，将步骤5)中的式(I)所示的化合物替换为H-3，得到对比元件2；H-3结构式如下：
对上述过程制备的有机电致发光元件进行如实施例4相同的性能测试：
表2各元件性能检测结果

由表2可知，本发明的多取代咔唑衍生物作为发光层的主体材料制备成的发光元件同样在电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下，驱动电压降低，发光效率提高明显，而且LT95％寿命有大幅度提升，是性能优异的发光层材料。
对比例2中的化合物H-3与本发明式(I)所示的化合物相比，区别在于咔唑片段的共轭面积小，在拉电子基团的邻位无取代基的影响，分子成平面构型，发光层内的载流子传输不平衡，不利于激子的形成，而本发明的多取代的咔唑衍生物式(I)具有更多的供电子基团，更有利于电子的输送和激子的形成，所以其在发光元件的表现上更加优异。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述多取代咔唑衍生物的结构式如式(I)所示：
    其中，
    Ar1、Ar2、Ar3选自由C1-C40的烷基、C3-C40的环烷基或带有支链的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
    R1选自由氢、氘、卤素、腈基、C1-C40的烷基、C3-C40的环烷基或带有支链的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
    R2、R3各自独立地选自由氘、卤素、腈基、C1-C40的烷基、C3-C40的环烷基或带有支链的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
    m选自0～5的整数；
    L选自单键、取代或未取代的C6-C60的亚芳基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60亚杂芳基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述R1选自由氢、氘、氟、腈基、甲基、乙基、叔丁基、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、三亚苯基、咔唑基、芴基、二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩组成的群组；
    R2、R3各自独立地选自由甲基、乙基、叔丁基、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、三亚苯基、咔唑基、芴基、二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩组成的群组；
    Ar1、Ar2、Ar3各自独立地选自由取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基组成的群组；
    m选自0、1或2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述Ar1选自苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、芴基或菲基；
    Ar2、Ar3各自独立地选自由以下基团组成的群组：苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、四联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并[5，6]喹啉、苯并[6，7]喹啉、苯并[7，8]喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、噁唑、苯并噁唑、萘并噁唑、蒽并噁唑、菲并噁唑、异噁唑、1，2-噻唑、1，3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1，5-二氮杂蒽、2，7-二氮杂芘、2，3-二氮杂芘、1，6-二氮杂芘、1，8-二氮杂芘、4，5-二氮杂芘，4，5，9，10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、咔啉、菲咯啉、1，2，3-三唑、1，2，4-三唑、苯并三唑、1，2，3-噁二唑、1，2，4-噁二唑、1，2，5-噁二唑、1，3，4-噁二唑、1，2，3-噻二唑、1，2，4-噻二唑、1，2，5-噻二唑、1，3，4-噻二唑、1，3，5-三嗪、1，2，4-三嗪、1，2，3-三嗪、四唑、1，2，4，5-四嗪、1，2，3，4-四嗪、1，2，3，5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪、喹唑啉和苯并噻二唑，或者以上任一基团的衍生物的类似物。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述L选自单键或由以下III-1～III-15所示基团组成的群组：
    其中，
    Z11、Z12各自独立地选自由氢、氘、卤原子、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基、羧酸盐基、磺酸基、磺酸盐基、磷酸基、磷酸盐基、C1-C60的烷基、C2-C60的烯基、C2-C60的炔基、C1-C60的烷氧基、C3-C60的环烷烃基、C3-C60的环烯烃基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
    Z13为取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基中的一种或多种；
    y1为1-4的整数；y2为1-6的整数；y3为1-3的整数；y4为1-5的整数；
    T2为O、S、CR’R”或NAr’；
    R’、R”各自独立地选自由氢、氘、C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组，R’和R”任意相邻的两个或多个基团任选地接合或稠合形成另外的一个或多个取代或未取代的环，在所形成的环中含有或不含有一个或多个杂原子N、P、B、O或S；优选地，R’、R”为甲基、苯基或芴基；
    Ar’选自由C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、C3-C60的环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；优选地，Ar’为甲基、乙基、苯基或萘基；
    为取代基与主体结构的连接键。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述Ar2、Ar3选自由以下基团组成的群组：
    其中，
    每个取代基上的氢原子均可被取代基取代，所述取代基选自由氢、氘、卤素、羟基、腈基、硝基、氨基、脒基、肼基、腙基、羧基、羧酸盐基、磺酸基、磺酸盐基、磷酸基、磷酸盐基、C1-C60烷基、C2-C60烯基、C2-C60炔基、C1-C60烷氧基、C3-C60环烷烃基、C3-C60环烯烃基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳硫醚基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；
    G为O、S、CR’R”或NAr’；
    R’、R”各自独立地选自由氢、氘、C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组，R’和R”任意相邻的两个或多个基团任选地接合或稠合形成另外的一个或多个取代或未取代的环，在所形成的环中含有或不含有一个或多个杂原子N、P、B、O或S；优选地，R’、R”为甲基、苯基或芴基；
    Ar’选自由C1-C60的烷基、C1-C60的杂烷基、C3-C60的环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60稠环芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C60芳胺基、或者取代或未取代的C2-C60杂环芳基组成的群组；优选地，Ar’为甲基、乙基、苯基或萘基；
    *-为Ar2、Ar3与N的连接键。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述NAr2Ar3选自由下述B1～B15所示基团组成的群组：
    其中，*-G-*选自单键、*-O-*、*-S-*或下述结构中的一种：
    *-和-*为连接键；
    R7各自独立地选自由氘、氟、腈基、C1-C40的烷基、C2～C40的烯基、C2～C40的炔基、C3～C40的环烷基、C3～C40的杂环烷基、C6～C60的芳基、C2～C60的杂芳基、C1～C40的烷氧基、C6～C60的芳氧基、C1～C40的烷基硅基、C6～C60的芳基甲硅烷基、C1～C40的烷基硼基、C6～C60的芳基硼基、C6～C60的芳基磷基、C6～C60的芳基氧磷基、C6～C60的芳胺基组成的群组。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的多取代咔唑衍生物，其特征在于，所述多取代咔唑衍生物的结构式选自由以下D253至D414组成的群组：









    其中，*-T3-*选自*-O-*、*-S-*或下述结构中的一种：
    *-和-*为连接键。
  8. 一种有机电致发光材料，其特征在于，所述有机电致发光材料的原料包括权利要求1-7任一项所述的多取代咔唑衍生物。
  9. 权利要求1-7任一项所述的多取代咔唑衍生物在制备有机电致发光元件中的应用。
  10. 一种有机电致发光元件，其特征在于，包括第一电极、第二电极、CPL层和置于所述第一电极、第二电极之间的至少一个有机层；所述有机层、CPL层中的至少一层包括权利要求1-7任一项所述的多取代咔唑衍生物。
PCT/CN2023/098628 2022-06-09 2023-06-06 一种多取代咔唑衍生物及其应用 WO2023236955A1 (zh)

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