WO2023236821A1 - 多链路通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

多链路通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023236821A1
WO2023236821A1 PCT/CN2023/097226 CN2023097226W WO2023236821A1 WO 2023236821 A1 WO2023236821 A1 WO 2023236821A1 CN 2023097226 W CN2023097226 W CN 2023097226W WO 2023236821 A1 WO2023236821 A1 WO 2023236821A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
link
field
frame
mld
indicate
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PCT/CN2023/097226
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林游思
李云波
淦明
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023236821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236821A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to a multi-link communication method and device.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • 802.11 standards group Conduct research and discussion.
  • EHT extremely high throughput
  • One of the existing key technologies is multi-link (multi-link, ML) communication.
  • Multi-frequency bands mainly include but are not limited to 2.4GHz Wi-Fi frequency band, 5GHz Wi-Fi frequency band and 6GHz Wi-Fi frequency band. Access and transmission on one frequency band is called single-link communication, and access and transmission on multiple frequency bands can be called ML communication.
  • This application provides a multi-link communication method and device, which can effectively improve the interference between links.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a multi-link communication method, which can be applied to a sending end.
  • the method includes: generating a first frame, the first frame including a first field, and the first The field is used to indicate that the first link is used to transmit data, or to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data, and the frequency interval between the first link and the second link is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the first link and the second link are access point multi-link device (access point multi-link device, AP MLD) and non-access point multi-link device (non-access point station multi-link device) , link between non-AP MLD); send the first frame.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a multi-link communication method.
  • the method can be applied to the receiving end.
  • the method includes: receiving a first frame, the first frame including a first field, and the first The field is used to indicate that the first link is used to transmit signals, or to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data, and the frequency interval between the first link and the second link is less than or equal to the first threshold , the first link and the second link are links between access point multi-link device AP MLD and non-access point multi-link device non-AP MLD; based on the first frame deal with.
  • the sending end sends a first frame to the receiving end, and uses the first field in the first frame to indicate that one of the two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold is used to transmit data. , or one of the two links is not used to transmit data, so that the receiving end can effectively know that it will not receive data from the sending end on the two links at the same time, or the receiving end cannot Send data to the sender on these two links at the same time, or the receiver cannot send data to the sender on one of the two links while receiving data from the sender on the other link. end data, effectively avoiding the impact of sending signals on one link on the channel access and reception of the other link. Furthermore, the interference between two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold is effectively improved.
  • the processing based on the first frame includes not sending data through the second link based on the first frame.
  • the processing based on the first frame includes not receiving data from the sending end through the second link based on the first frame.
  • the second link is in any one of an energy-saving mode, a sleep state, and a first communication mode.
  • the purpose of energy saving can be achieved.
  • the processing based on the first frame includes: sending an acknowledgment frame based on the first frame.
  • the receiving end feeds back the response frame of the first frame, such as an acknowledgment frame, to the sending end in a "handshake" manner, which can enhance the reliability of communication and improve the communication efficiency of both communicating parties.
  • the first field used to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data includes: the first field used to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data.
  • the link enters the energy-saving mode; or, it is used to instruct the second link to enter the sleep state.
  • the first link and the second link are a link pair that does not have the ability to transmit and receive NSTRs at the same time.
  • the first field is included in an A-control field.
  • the A-control field can be flexibly carried in different types of frames. Especially when carried in a data frame, the A-control field can be carried at the same time to achieve the purpose of sending data and the first field at the same time, saving signaling overhead.
  • the first field includes multi-link device (MLD capabilities and operations) capabilities and operations (MLD capabilities and operations) in the basic multi-link element. ) field.
  • the MLD capability and operation fields are used to carry indications of various capabilities and operation modes of the MLD. Therefore, by including the first field in the MLD capability and operation fields, different elements of the frame structure of the first frame can be kept corresponding to each other. Functional consistency.
  • the first field includes an EHT operation information field in an extremely high throughput EHT operation element.
  • the EHT operation information field is generally used to indicate some channel information of the EHT device. Therefore, by including the first field in the EHT operation information field, it is equivalent to considering the content indicated by the first field as some channel information. Operation, thereby maintaining the consistency of different elements corresponding to different functions within the frame structure.
  • the first field is included in the site information field, the first field includes a first bitmap, and the first bitmap The first bit of is used to indicate that one of the first link and the second link is used to transmit data, or is used to indicate that the one link is not used to transmit data.
  • the sending end may indicate to the receiving end that some link pairs that do not have simultaneous transmission and receiving (NSTR) (such as the NSTR link pair composed of the first link and the second link) ) is used to transmit data, and the other link is not used to transmit data. Therefore, different instructions for different NSTR link pairs can be more flexibly provided.
  • NSTR simultaneous transmission and receiving
  • the site information field is included in a single site point configuration element, and the single site configuration element also includes a site control field.
  • the site control field includes a second field, and the second field is used to indicate that the first field exists in the site information field.
  • the site information field further includes an NSTR indication bitmap, and the length of the first bitmap is equal to the length of the NSTR indication bitmap.
  • the position of the second field is used to indicate whether there is a first field in the site information field, so that the length of the first field can be changed, for example, it can be 0 bytes, or it can be combined with the NSTR to indicate the length of the bitmap.
  • the signaling overhead of the first frame can be saved, or when the first field exists, the interference between links can be effectively improved, and the purpose of energy saving can also be achieved.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device for performing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the communication device includes means for performing a method in the first aspect or in any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device for performing the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • the communication device includes means for performing the method of the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • the above-mentioned communication device may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit.
  • a transceiver unit and a processing unit For specific descriptions of the transceiver unit and the processing unit, reference may also be made to the device embodiments shown below.
  • the above-mentioned communication device may include a generating unit and a sending unit.
  • the above-mentioned communication device may include a receiving unit and a processing unit. For detailed description of each unit, reference may also be made to the device embodiments shown below.
  • inventions of the present application provide a communication device.
  • the communication device includes a processor, configured to execute the method shown in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the processor is configured to execute a program stored in the memory. When the program is executed, the method shown in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect is executed.
  • the memory is located outside the communication device.
  • the memory is located within the communication device.
  • the processor and the memory can also be integrated into one device, that is, the processor and the memory can also be integrated together.
  • the communication device further includes a transceiver, and the transceiver is used to receive signals and/or send signals.
  • the transceiver can be used to send the first frame, etc.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device, which includes a processor configured to execute the method shown in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • the processor is configured to execute a program stored in the memory. When the program is executed, the method shown in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect is executed.
  • the memory is located outside the communication device.
  • the memory is located within the communication device.
  • the processor and the memory can also be integrated into one device, that is, the processor and the memory can also be integrated together.
  • the communication device further includes a transceiver, and the transceiver is used to receive signals and/or send signals.
  • the transceiver may be used to receive the first frame.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip.
  • the communication device includes a logic circuit and an interface.
  • the logic circuit is coupled to the interface.
  • the logic circuit is used to generate a first frame.
  • the interface is used to generate a first frame. to output the first frame.
  • inventions of the present application provide a chip.
  • the communication device includes a logic circuit and an interface.
  • the logic circuit is coupled to the interface.
  • the interface is used to input the first frame.
  • the logic circuit is used to input the first frame. Processing is performed based on the first frame.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store a computer program. When it is run on a computer, it enables any possibility of the first aspect or the first aspect mentioned above. The implementation shown in the method is executed.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program. When it is run on a computer, it enables any possibility of the above second aspect or the second aspect. The implementation shown in the method is executed.
  • inventions of the present application provide a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program or computer code (which may also be referred to as an instruction).
  • the computer program product When run on a computer, the computer program product causes the above first aspect or the third aspect. Any possible implementation of the method shown in one aspect is performed.
  • inventions of the present application provide a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program or computer code (which may also be referred to as an instruction).
  • the computer program product When run on a computer, the computer program product causes the above second aspect or the third aspect to occur. Any possible implementation of the method shown in both aspects is performed.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run on a computer, the method shown in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect is executed.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run on a computer, the method shown in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect is executed.
  • inventions of the present application provide a wireless communication system.
  • the wireless communication system includes a sending end and a receiving end.
  • the sending end is configured to perform the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the method, the receiving end is configured to perform the method shown in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic architectural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a multi-link communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of another multi-link communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-link communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of a deformation of a high throughput (HT) control field provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3b is a schematic structural diagram of an A-control field provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3c is a schematic structural diagram of an A-control field provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a basic multi-link element provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an EHT operation element provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a basic multi-link element provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • At least one (item) means one or more
  • plural means two or more
  • at least two (items) means two or three and three
  • “and/or” is used to describe the relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. In this case, A and B can be singular or plural.
  • “Or” means that there can be two relationships, such as only A and only B; when A and B are not mutually exclusive, it can also mean that there are three relationships, such as only A, only B, or both A and B. .
  • the character "/" generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or” relationship.
  • At least one of the following or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items.
  • at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ".
  • the method provided by the embodiment of this application can be applied to wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN) systems, such as Wi-Fi, etc.
  • the methods provided by the embodiments of this application can be applied to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series protocols, such as 802.11a/b/g protocol, 802.11n protocol, 802.11ac protocol, and 802.11ax protocol. , 802.11be protocol or next-generation protocols, etc., we will not list them one by one here.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • the methods provided by the embodiments of this application can also be applied to various communication systems, for example, they can be Internet of things (IoT) systems, vehicle to X (V2X), narrowband Internet of things (narrowband internet of things) , NB-IoT) system, used in devices in the Internet of Vehicles, IoT nodes, sensors, etc. in the Internet of Things (IoT, internet of things), smart cameras in smart homes, smart remote controls, smart water meters, and smart Sensors in cities and more. It can also be applied to long-term evolution (LTE) systems, fifth-generation (5th-generation, 5G) communication systems, and new communication systems (such as 6G) that will emerge in future communication development.
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • 5th-generation, 5G fifth-generation
  • 6G new communication systems
  • WLAN WLAN
  • IEEE 802.11 series standards the network applied to the IEEE 802.11 series standards
  • HIPERLAN high performance wireless LAN
  • WAN wide area networks
  • the various aspects provided herein may be applicable to any suitable wireless network, regardless of the coverage and wireless access protocols used.
  • the communication system provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a WLAN or a cellular network.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by a communication device in the wireless communication system or a chip or processor in the communication device.
  • the communication device may be a support device.
  • a wireless communication device that transmits in parallel on one or more links is, for example, called a multi-link device (MLD). Compared with devices that only support single-link transmission, multi-link devices have higher transmission efficiency and higher throughput.
  • MLD multi-link device
  • a multi-link device includes one or more subordinate sites.
  • a subordinate site is a logical site and can work on one link, one frequency band, one channel, etc.
  • the affiliated site can be an access point (AP) or a non-access point station (non-AP STA).
  • the multi-link device whose site is an AP may be called a multi-link AP or a multi-link AP device or an AP multi-link device (AP multi-link device, AP MLD).
  • a multi-link device whose station is a non-AP STA is called a multi-link STA or multi-link STA device or STA multi-link device (STA multi-link device), or the station it belongs to is a non-AP STA.
  • Multi-link devices are called multi-link non-AP or multi-link non-AP devices or non-AP multi-link devices (non-AP multi-link device, non-AP MLD), etc.
  • the multi-link device whose site is an AP is called AP MLD
  • the multi-link device whose site is a non-AP STA is called non-AP MLD.
  • AP MLD is affiliated with one or more APs
  • STA MLD is affiliated with one or more STAs.
  • Multi-link devices are communication devices with wireless communication functions.
  • the communication device can be a complete device, or can be a chip or a processing system installed in the complete device.
  • the device installed with these chips or processing systems can implement the implementation of the present application under the control of these chips or processing systems.
  • the non-APMLD in the embodiment of the present application has a wireless transceiver function, can support the 802.11 series protocols, and can communicate with APMLD or other non-APMLD.
  • a non-APMLD is any user communication device that allows the user to communicate with the AP and thus with the WLAN.
  • non-APMLD can be a tablet, desktop, laptop, notebook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), handheld computer, netbook, personal digital assistant (PDA), User equipment that can be connected to the Internet, such as mobile phones, or IoT nodes in the Internet of Things, or vehicle-mounted communication devices in the Internet of Vehicles, etc.
  • the non-AP multi-link device can also be the chips and processing systems in the above-mentioned terminals.
  • APMLD can provide services for non-APMLD devices and can support 802.11 series protocols.
  • APMLD can be communication entities such as communication servers, routers, switches, and bridges, or APMLD can include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, etc.
  • APMLD can also be chips in these various forms of equipment. and processing systems.
  • the 802.11 protocol may include protocols that support 802.11be or are compatible with 802.11be, etc., which will not be listed here.
  • multi-link devices can support high-speed and low-latency transmission.
  • multi-link devices can also be used in more scenarios, such as sensor nodes in smart cities ( For example, smart water meters, smart electricity meters, smart air detection nodes), smart devices in smart homes (such as smart cameras, projectors, display screens, TVs, speakers, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.), nodes in the Internet of Things, Entertainment terminals (such as AR, VR and other wearable devices), smart devices in smart offices (such as printers, projectors, etc.), Internet of Vehicles devices in the Internet of Vehicles, and some infrastructure in daily life scenes (such as vending machines, Self-service navigation desks in supermarkets, self-service checkout equipment, self-service ordering machines, etc.).
  • the specific form of the multi-link device is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and is only an exemplary description.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic architectural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • AP MLD includes AP1, AP2,..., APn
  • non-AP MLD includes STA1, STA2,..., STAn.
  • n shown here is a positive integer.
  • AP MLD and non-AP MLD can communicate in parallel using link 1, link 2,..., link n.
  • STA1 in non-AP MLD is associated with AP1 in AP MLD
  • STA2 in non-AP MLD is associated with AP2 in AP MLD
  • STAn in non-AP MLD is associated with APn in AP MLD wait.
  • one or more STAs in the non-AP MLD and one or more APs in the AP MLD can communicate after establishing an association relationship.
  • the frequency bands that multi-link devices (including AP MLD and non-AP MLD) work in can include but are not limited to: sub 1GHz, 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz and high frequency 60GHz, etc.
  • Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a multi-link communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1b shows AP MLD101 Scenario of communicating with Non-AP MLD102, Non-AP MLD103 and STA104.
  • AP MLD101 includes subordinate AP101-1 to AP101-3;
  • Non-AP MLD102 includes three subordinate STA102-1, STA102-2 and STA102-3.
  • Non-AP MLD103 includes 2 subordinate STA103-1, STA103-2;
  • STA104-1, STA104 are single-link devices.
  • AP MLD101 can use link 1, link 2 and link 3 to communicate with Non-AP MLD102; use link 2 and link 3 to communicate with Non-AP MLD103; use link 1 to communicate with STA104.
  • STA104 works in the 2.4GHz frequency band; in Non-AP MLD103, STA103-1 works in the 5GHz frequency band, and STA103-2 works in the 6GHz frequency band; in Non-AP MLD102, STA102-1 works in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and STA102- 2 works in the 5GHz band, and STA102-3 works in the 6GHz band.
  • AP101-1 in AP MLD101 working in the 2.4GHz frequency band can transmit uplink or downlink data through link 1 to STA104 and STA102-1 in Non-AP MLD102.
  • AP101-2 in AP MLD101 working in the 5GHz band can transmit uplink or downlink data through link 2 to STA103-1 working in the 5GHz band in Non-AP MLD 103, and can also communicate with and Non-AP through link 2 In MLD102, uplink or downlink data is transmitted between STA102-2 working in the 5GHz frequency band.
  • AP101-3 in AP MLD101 working in the 6GHz band can transmit uplink or downlink data through link 3 and STA102-3 working in the 6GHz band in Non-AP MLD102, and can also communicate with Non-AP MLD through link 3. Transmit uplink or downlink data between STA103-2.
  • Figure 1b only uses AP MLD101 to support three frequency bands (2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz). Each frequency band corresponds to a link.
  • AP MLD101 can work on one or more links in link 1, link 2 or link 3. Take the road as an example.
  • AP MLD and Non-AP MLD can also support more or fewer frequency bands, that is, AP MLD and Non-AP MLD can work on more links or fewer links.
  • the embodiment of this application This is not limited. That is to say, the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied not only to multi-link communication, but also to single-link communication.
  • Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of another multi-link communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1c, it includes at least one AP and at least one STA. Figure 1c shows three STAs, such as STA1, STA2 and STA3. For example, STA1 can communicate with the AP through two links, which can be two arrows as shown in Figure 1c. As another example, STA2 or STA3 can communicate with the AP through a link. In other words, the system shown in Figure 1c includes both multi-link communication and single-link communication. For example, for legacy STA (ie, old equipment that does not support Wi-Fi 7), it supports Single link communication.
  • legacy STA ie, old equipment that does not support Wi-Fi 7
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • X can represent anything
  • device to device device-todevice, D2D
  • the V2X may include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) or vehicle to network (vehicle to network, V2N) communication, etc.
  • the frequency interval between two links can be measured by the center frequency of the frequency band where the two links are located.
  • the interval between the center frequencies of the two links can be used as the frequency between the two links. interval.
  • the interval between the start frequencies of the frequency bands where the two links are located can also be used as the frequency interval between the two links; or, the interval between the end frequencies of the frequencies where the two links are located can be used.
  • the interval is the frequency interval between the two links, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • NSTR non-simultaneous transmitting and receiving
  • MLD between two links with small frequency intervals
  • the signal sent on link 1 may be Energy leakage.
  • the frequency interval between the frequency bands of link 1 and link 2 is small, the energy leakage on link 1 will cause channel interference to link 2.
  • link 2 performs channel access
  • the channel interference caused by the leaked energy on link 1 on link 2 will cause the EHT device to misjudge whether link 2 is idle, affecting the channel access and reception of link 2.
  • link 1 and link 2 due to the small frequency interval between link 1 and link 2, when it sends signals on link 1, it may not be able to receive signals on link 2. If there is a packet to be received on link 2 at this time, it may not be received, resulting in packet loss.
  • the mutual interference between the above-mentioned link 1 and the above-mentioned link 2 is caused by the close frequency interval between the two links.
  • the small frequency interval causes interference between the links.
  • two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold may also form other link relationships, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • link 1 and link 2 shown above may be links that do not have simultaneous transmission and reception capabilities for non-AP MLD, but they may not have simultaneous transmission and reception capabilities for AP MLD. , or it may be a link with simultaneous sending and receiving capabilities.
  • NSTR MLD and MLD with simultaneous transmitting and receiving also called simultaneous transmitting and receiving or supporting simultaneous transmitting and receiving
  • An MLD can work on two or more links, and its STR/NSTR capabilities are for each link pair, so there may be STR/NSTR capabilities between different link pairs of the same MLD. are different, that is, some link pairs are STR, and other link pairs are NSTR.
  • NSTR MLD refers to the link pairs working in the MLD. At least one link pair has the capability of NSTR.
  • STR MLD means that all link pairs working in MLD are STR.
  • NSTR MLD may be non-AP MLD.
  • the NSTR MLD can also be the AP MLD.
  • STR MLD may be AP MLD.
  • the link information field in the base multilink element may include one or more per-STA profile sub-elements.
  • the single site configuration sub-element may include at least one of the following: subelement identification (subelement ID) field, length (length) field, site control (STA control) field, site information (STA info) field, site configuration (STA profile) field.
  • the site information field may include a link ID, a complete profile field, etc., which will not be described in detail in the embodiments of this application. Therefore, a single site configuration sub-element can be used to carry information about a link.
  • the information about the link can include a link ID field and other information about the link. Other information about the link may be, for example, capability information of the stations working on the link.
  • each single site configuration sub-element can correspond to a link
  • the link corresponding to each single site configuration sub-element can be identified by a link ID field.
  • the basic multi-link elements shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6 in the embodiments of the present application are only examples. In specific implementations, the basic multi-link elements may have more or fewer fields. The embodiments of the present application are This is not a limitation. Alternatively, the basic multi-link element may also include other fields, or may not include certain fields shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6, etc., which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the AP MLD needs to synchronize the end time of the physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) sent to the NSTR MLD on multiple links, that is, perform end time alignment. ).
  • time alignment can include start time alignment and end time alignment.
  • the AP MLD requires end time alignment when sending PPDUs simultaneously on the NSTR link pair.
  • the non-AP MLD sends PPDUs simultaneously on the NSTR link pair. If both PPDUs do not require immediate response, the non-AP MLD needs to perform start time alignment.
  • the non-AP MLD Start time and end time alignment is required.
  • the "simultaneity" shown here refers to the time overlap between PPDUs on the NSTR link pair.
  • the end times of the two PPDUs need to be aligned (end time alignment), and the maximum alignment error is 8 microseconds (us). If one of the PPDUs requires an immediate response frame and the other PPDU contains a trigger frame and its carrier sense (CS) required subcarrier subfield (CS required subfield) value is 1, Then the end time error of these two PPDUs does not exceed 4us. Due to the above reasons, as well as the different PPDU parameter settings on the two links, it is difficult to achieve time alignment, making it difficult for both the sender and the receiver to send PPDUs at the same time.
  • CS carrier sense
  • embodiments of the present application provide a multi-link communication method and device, which can effectively improve the interference problem between links.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the interference problem between links without performing time alignment.
  • the method provided by the embodiments of the present application can not only effectively improve the problem of resource waste, but also achieve the purpose of energy saving when performing time alignment.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-link communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method can be applied to the communication system as shown in Figures 1a to 1c.
  • the sending end can be understood as a communication device that sends the first frame
  • the receiving end can be understood as a communication device that receives the first frame.
  • the sender can be an AP MLD and the receiver can be a non-AP MLD; or the sender can be a non-AP MLD and the receiver can be an AP MLD; or both the sender and the receiver can be AP.
  • the sending end can be STR MLD and the receiving end is NSTR MLD; or the sending end can be NSTR MLD and the receiving end is STR MLD; or, the sending end can be NSTR MLD and the receiving end is STR MLD. Both the receiving end and the receiving end are NSTR MLD.
  • multi-link communication methods include:
  • the sending end generates the first frame.
  • the first frame includes a first field, which is used to indicate that the first link is used to transmit data, or to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data.
  • the frequency interval between the first link and the second link is less than or equal to the first threshold, and the first link and the second link are links between the sending end and the receiving end.
  • the above-mentioned first threshold may include: 10 MHz, 5 MHz, 2 MHz, 1 MHz, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific value of the first threshold.
  • the frequency interval between the first link and the second link being less than or equal to the first threshold may include: the first link and the second link being an NSTR link pair.
  • the two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold can also have other names, which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below by taking the first link and the second link as an NSTR link pair as an example.
  • the function of the above-mentioned first field may include at least one of the following: the first field is used to indicate that the first link is used to transmit data; the first field is used to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data; the first field is used to indicate that the first link is not used to transmit data.
  • One link is used to transmit data and the second link is not used to transmit data.
  • the first link and the second link are only examples, and it does not mean that the first field needs to clearly indicate which link is the first link and which link is the second link.
  • the first field may be used to indicate that one of the two links is used to transmit data; or, the first field may be used to indicate that one of the two links is not used to transmit data. ; Or, the first field is used to indicate that one of the two links is used to transmit data, and the other link of the two links is not used to transmit data.
  • the first field shown above is used to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data, including: the first field is used to indicate that the second link enters the energy-saving mode; or is used to indicate that the second link enters a sleep state.
  • the energy-saving mode and sleep state listed in this application when the second link does not transmit data, other communication modes may also be included, which will not be listed here.
  • the second link shown in the embodiment of the present application is used to enter the energy-saving mode or sleep state or other communication modes (such as the first communication mode) is: the station corresponding to the second link (or the station on the second link) is used to enter the energy-saving mode or sleep state or other communication mode (such as the first communication mode).
  • the relationship between links and sites please refer to the relationship between single site configuration sub-elements and links above. Or, refer to relevant standards or protocols, etc., and the embodiments of this application will not be described in detail one by one.
  • the data in the second link shown above that is not used for transmitting data is relative to the management frame.
  • the data shown above can also be understood as a data frame, and the management frame can include at least one of the following: Beacon frame, detection request frame, detection response frame, association request frame or association response frame, etc.
  • Beacon frame detection request frame
  • detection response frame detection response frame
  • association request frame or association response frame etc.
  • whether a frame is a data frame or a management frame can be distinguished by the type field in the frame control field.
  • the number of links between the sending end and the receiving end is two, there is no need to additionally indicate the two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold in the first frame.
  • both the sending end and the receiving end have learned that the frequency interval between the sending end and the receiving end is less than or equal to the first threshold of two links, there may be no additional indication in the first frame that the frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the two links equal to the first threshold can save the signaling overhead of the first frame. It can be understood that the first frame shown above may not include an additional indication that the frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold for the two links. This means that the first frame may not include an indication that the frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the information of the two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold, or the first frame may not include a certain field used to indicate the information of the two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the embodiment of this application does not limit the specific content of a certain field shown above.
  • the sending end may send a second frame.
  • the second frame includes a third field, and the third field is used to indicate the sending end and the receiving end.
  • the third field may include an NSTR indication bitmap (NSTR indication bitmap), and each bit in the NSTR indication bitmap may be used to indicate whether the link indicated by each bit is consistent with the link in the single site configuration sub-element.
  • the links indicated by the identifier form an NSTR link pair.
  • the value of the NSTR indication bitmap is 10101100, each bit corresponds to link 1 to link 8 in turn, and the NSTR indicates the link indicated by the link identifier in the single site configuration sub-element where the bitmap is located. If the link is link 2, the NSTR indication bitmap indicates that link 1 and link 2 form an NSTR link pair, link 2 and link 3 form an NSTR link pair, and link 2 and link 5 form an NSTR link.
  • the pair and link 2 and link 6 form the NSTR link pair.
  • the value of a certain bit is 1, it means that the link indicated by the certain bit is the same as the link in the single site configuration sub-element.
  • the link indicated by the link identifier forms an NSTR link pair; the value of a certain bit is 0, which means that the link indicated by the certain bit is different from the link indicated by the link identifier in the single site configuration sub-element.
  • the non-NSTR link pairs shown here may include: the two links are STR link pairs, or the two links have other link relationships, etc. This is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the link identifier shown in the embodiment of this application starts with 1 as an example, but the link identifier can also start with 0.
  • each of the above-mentioned identifiers can be decremented by 1 in sequence.
  • the above-mentioned second frame may be any of the following: an association request frame, an association response frame, a detection request frame, a detection response frame, etc., which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first frame may also include information indicating two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the first frame may include a third field, such as Please refer to implementation method 5 below, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the embodiments of this application generally take “field” as an example, and do not specifically differentiate between “field” and “subfield”. Even though the embodiments of this application do not specifically differentiate between “fields” and “subfields”, those skilled in the art can adaptively distinguish the relationships between the fields shown in the embodiments of this application. It can be understood that based on the function of the first field, the first field can also be called a power save field, or a power saving field based on NSTR, or a power saving non-simultaneous transceiver mode (power saving NSRT mode) field, etc., in the embodiment of the present application The specific name of the first field is not limited. Although the embodiment of this application uses fields as an example, if necessary, those skilled in the art can also adaptively modify the fields into information or other forms.
  • the first field can occupy 1 bit.
  • the sender uses a bit to indicate that one link in the NSTR link pair is used to transmit data, or uses a bit to indicate that one link in the NSTR link pair is not used to transmit data, thereby not only minimizing signaling overhead. It clearly indicates to the receiving end that no data will be transmitted on one link in the NSTR link pair, which effectively improves the interference problem between links; and if the other link in the NSTR link pair enters energy-saving mode or sleep state At the same time, the purpose of energy saving can also be achieved.
  • the NSTR link pairs shown above apply to all NSTR link pairs between the sender and the receiver, that is, one link in each NSTR link pair between the sender and the receiver is used to transmit data, and the other link One link is not used to transmit data.
  • the length of the first field may be the same as the length of the NSTR indication bitmap field.
  • the value of the first field is the same as the value of the NSTR indication bitmap field, it means that one link in each NSTR link pair between the sending end and the receiving end is used to transmit data, and the other link Not used to transmit data.
  • the value of the first field is different from the value of the NSTR bitmap field, it means that one link in one or some NSTR link pairs between the sending end and the receiving end is used to transmit data, and the other link is used to transmit data. The link is not used to transmit data.
  • the first field is included in the A-control field.
  • the HT control field can have multiple variants, as shown in Figure 3a.
  • the second to fourth rows in Figure 3a can be understood as three variants of the HT control field respectively.
  • the A-control field may include the first field.
  • the HT field may include at least one of the following: HT control middle (HT control middle), access category (access category, AC) constraint (AC constraint), reverse authorization (reverse direction) grant, RDG)/more PPDU (more PPDU).
  • the VHT field may include at least one of the following: VHT Controlmiddle, AC constraints, and RDG/more PPDU.
  • a high efficiency (HE) field may include an A-control field.
  • the first two bits of the HT control field can be used to indicate which transformation the HT control field is. When the first two bits are 11, it means that the transformation of the HT control field is the HE field.
  • the HE field can include A-control field, the A-control field can be used For carrying control information, that is, the A-control field shown in Figure 3a can be used to carry the first field shown in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figures 3b and 3c.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic structural diagram of an A-control field provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the A-control field includes a first field, which can occupy 1 bit. For example, if the value of the first field is 1, then the first field can represent that one link in each NSTR link pair is used to transmit data; or the first field can be used to represent one link in each NSTR link pair. The link is not used to transmit data; or the first field is used to indicate that one link in each NSTR link pair is used to enter energy-saving mode or sleep state, etc. If the value of the first field is 0, the first field may indicate that each NSTR link pair maintains the original mode.
  • the original mode shown here can be understood as the mode in which the NSTR link pair works before the receiving end receives the first frame, such as active mode, power save mode, or maintaining other functions such as target wake-up. Time (targetwaketime, TWT) function, etc., the embodiment of the present application does not limit the description of the original mode. It can be understood that the relationship between the values and the meanings of the fields shown above is only an example, and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic structural diagram of an A-control field provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the A-control field may include a first field.
  • Figure 3c may also include at least one of the following: a receive spatial stream number (number of spatial stream, NSS) extension (Rx NSS extension) field, a channel bandwidth extension (channelwidthextension) field, a transmit space-time stream number (number of space-time stream, NSTS) extension (Tx NSTS extension) field, reserved field, operation mode (operationmode, OM) control (OM control) field.
  • NSS receive spatial stream number
  • Rx NSS extension channel bandwidth extension
  • Tx NSTS extension transmit space-time stream number
  • Tx NSTS extension transmit space-time stream number
  • reserved field operation mode (operationmode, OM) control
  • OM control operation mode
  • the receiving NSS extension field, channel bandwidth extension field, sending NSTS extension field and reserved field can also be called EHT OM control field.
  • the EHT OM control field is equivalent to the enhancement of the OM control field, so when carrying the EHT OM control field, the OM control field must be carried at the same time, and the OM control field is located behind the EHT OM control field. However, when carrying the OM control subfield, it does not necessarily carry the EHT OM control field. It can be understood that the length occupied by each field shown in Figure 3b and Figure 3c is only an example. For example, those skilled in the art can adaptively extend the length of the first field to one byte or two bytes, so as to pass the first field.
  • a field indicates that one link in each NSTR link pair is used for data transmission, or indicates that one link is not used for transmission, or indicates that one link is used for data transmission and the other link is used to enter power-saving mode or sleep state. wait. Therefore, the 1 bit occupied by the first field shown in Figure 3b and Figure 3c should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiment of the present application. It can be understood that the description of the length of the first field is also applicable to the second to fourth implementation methods shown below, and will not be described again one by one below.
  • the first frame may be a data frame or a management frame.
  • the data frame may include a quality of service (QoS) data frame or a quality of service (QoS null) frame.
  • the management frame may include a information frame. beacon frame, association response frame, reassociation response frame, association request frame, probe response frame, probe request frame )wait.
  • the sender can send the first frame to its associated receiver via broadcast, multicast, or unicast.
  • the A-control field can carry various control information, and as a HE variant of the HT control field, the HE field can be carried in different types of frames. Therefore, by including the first field in the A-control field, the A-control field can be flexibly carried in different types of frames. Especially when carried in a data frame, the A-control field can be carried at the same time to achieve the purpose of sending data and the first field at the same time, saving signaling overhead.
  • the first field contains the multi-link capabilities and operations (MLD capabilities and operations) field in the basic multi-link element.
  • the basic multi-link element may include at least one of the following: element identification (element ID) field, length (length) field, element ID extension (element ID extension) field, multi-link control (multi-link control) field , public information (commoninformation, commoninfo) field, link information (linkinfo) field.
  • the public information field may include at least one of the following: common information length (commoninfolength) field, multi-link device media access control (medium access control, MAC) address (MLD MAC address) field, link ID information (link ID info) fields, basic service set (BSS) parameter update count (BSS parameterschangecount) field, medium synchronization delay information (mediumsynchronizationdelayinformation) field, enhanced multilink (enhanced multilink, EML) capabilities (EML capabilities) field, MLD capabilities and Operations (MLD capabilitiesandoperations) field, MLD identification (MLD ID) field.
  • the first field may be included in the MLD capability and operation fields.
  • the MLD capability and operation fields can be used to carry instructions for various MLD capabilities and operation modes.
  • the first field in the MLD capability and operation field is equivalent to the first field being considered a new operation. model.
  • the first field can also be included in the public information field, which is at the same level as the MLD capability and operation fields, or the first field can be included in other fields in the public information field, such as the EML capability field, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application is This is not a limitation.
  • the MLD capability and operation fields may also include at least one of the following: the maximum number of simultaneous links (maximum number of simultaneous links) field, single response scheduling ( single response scheduling, SRS) support (SRS support) field, support for service identifier link mapping negotiation (TID-to-link mapping negotiation supported) field, STR/AP MLD frequency separation type indication (frequency separation for STR/AP MLD type indication) field, support AP assisting request (AP assisting request, AAR support) field, reserved (reserved).
  • the description of each field shown in Figure 4 can refer to relevant standards or protocols, and the embodiments of this application will not describe them one by one in detail.
  • the relationship between the value and meaning of the first field please refer to the above-mentioned implementation method 1, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the first frame may be a management frame, which may include a beacon frame, an association response frame, a reassociation response frame, and an association request frame. frame), probe response frame (probe response frame), probe request frame (probe request frame), etc.
  • the sender can send the first frame to its associated receiver via broadcast, multicast, or unicast.
  • the MLD capability and operation fields are used to carry instructions for various capabilities and operation modes of the MLD. Therefore, by including the first field in the MLD capability and operation fields, different elements in the frame structure of the first frame can be maintained to correspond to different functions. consistency.
  • the first field includes the EHT operation information (EHT operation information) field in the EHT operation element.
  • EHT operation information EHT operation information
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an EHT operation element provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the EHT operation element includes at least one of the following: element ID (element ID) field, length (length) field, element ID extension (element ID extension) field, EHT operation parameters (EHT operation parameters) field, basic EHT modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and NSS set fields, EHT operation information (EHT operation information) field.
  • the first field may be included in the control field in the EHT operation information field.
  • the EHT operation information field includes a control field, a channel center frequency segment (CCFS) 0 field, a CCFS1 field, and a disabled subchannel bitmap field.
  • the control field may include a channel bandwidth (channelwidth) field and a first field.
  • the first field shown in the embodiment of the present application may also be included in the HE operation element or the next generation operation element, etc.
  • the first frame may be a management frame
  • the management frame may include a beacon frame, an association response frame, a reassociation response frame, and an association request frame. request frame), probe response frame (probe response frame), probe request frame (probe request frame), etc.
  • the sender can send the first frame to its associated receiver via broadcast, multicast, or unicast.
  • the EHT operation information field is generally used to indicate some channel information of the EHT device. Therefore, by including the first field in the EHT operation information field, it is equivalent to considering the content indicated by the first field as some operations for the channel. , thereby maintaining the consistency of different elements corresponding to different functions within the frame structure.
  • the first frame may be a new action (action) frame, and the new action frame may carry any of the A-control field, basic multi-link element, and EHT operation element.
  • the A-control field in the new behavior frame includes the first field, or the basic multi-link element in the new behavior frame includes the first field, or the EHT operation element in the new behavior frame includes First field.
  • the A-control field please refer to the implementation method 1 above.
  • the basic multi-link elements please refer to the implementation method 2 above.
  • the EHT operation element please refer to the implementation method 3 above. I will not go into detail here. Elaborate.
  • the type of this new action frame can be a protected EHT action frame (protected EHT action frame) or other action frames, such as EHT action frame, HE action frame, etc.
  • the following takes the first frame as a protected EHT behavior frame as an example, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • a protected EHT behavior frame As shown in Table 1, if the value is 0, it means that the frame is an EHT compressed beamforming frame or a CQI frame; if the value is 1, it means that the frame is an EML operation mode notification; if the value is 2, it means that the frame It is the first field notification. If the value in Table 1 is 2, then Table 2 corresponds to the specific structure notified by the first field, indicating that the receiving end can parse subsequent content in the protected EHT behavior frame according to the structure notified by the first field.
  • Table 1 is an example of the values of each field in the protected EHT action frame
  • Table 2 is an example of each field and its value in the first field notification field. It can be understood that the values and various fields shown in Table 1 and Table 2 are only examples and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
  • the sending end can send the first frame to the receiving end associated with it through broadcast, multicast, or unicast.
  • the sender can more flexibly determine when one link in the NSTR link pair is used to enter energy-saving mode or sleep state, that is, the sender can more flexibly decide to send the first frame. time etc.
  • the sending end indicates to the receiving end through the first field that one link in all NSTR link pairs is used to transmit data, and the other link is not used to transmit data. Therefore, every time the receiving end receives on one link on the NSTR link pair, the other link can enter the energy-saving mode or sleep state, etc., thereby achieving a more flexible PPDU or TXOP level or frame exchange sequence (frame exchange sequence). ) level of energy saving; at the same time, the sender can initiate transmission on only one link of the NSTR link pair at a time, and does not need to perform operations such as end time alignment or start time alignment, effectively avoiding system problems caused by execution time alignment. the complexity.
  • the sender can indicate to the receiver that one link in certain NSTR link pairs is used to transmit data, and the other link is not used to transmit data. Therefore, different instructions for different NSTR link pairs can be more flexibly provided.
  • NSTR link pairs there may be multiple NSTR link pairs between the sender and the receiver. Therefore, in implementation mode 5, the sender can select one link in some NSTR link pairs to transmit data, and the other link The NSTR link pairs are not used to transmit data, and the remaining NSTR link pairs can maintain their original mode.
  • the embodiments of this application provide the following methods:
  • the first frame includes a per-STA profileelement that includes a site information field that includes a first field.
  • the site information field is used to carry link-related information. Therefore, by including the first field in the site information field, the transceiver and the receiver can obtain all information related to the link in one site information field.
  • the first field and the second field shown below may both be included in the site control field, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first field may include a first bitmap, and the length of the first bitmap may be the same as the length of the NSTR indication bitmap. Therefore, the link corresponding to each bit in the first bitmap is the same as the link corresponding to the corresponding bit in the NSTR indication bitmap.
  • the link corresponding to the first bit in the first bitmap is the same as the link corresponding to the first bit in the NSTR indication bitmap, and the link corresponding to the second bit in the first bitmap is the same.
  • the link is the same as the link corresponding to the second bit in the NSTR indication bitmap, and will not be listed one by one here.
  • the length of the first field is 8 bits and the value is 10001100.
  • link identifier starts with 1 and the link indicated by the single site configuration sub-element is link 2, it means link 1 and link 2.
  • One link in the NSTR link pair composed of 2 is used to transmit data, and the other link is not used to transmit data.
  • One link in the NSTR link pair composed of link 2 and link 5 is used to transmit data, and the other link is used to transmit data.
  • One link is not used to transmit data.
  • One link in the NSTR link pair composed of link 2 and link 6 is used to transmit data, and the other link is not used to transmit data.
  • the value of the NSTR indication bitmap is 10101100, combining the NSTR indication bitmap and the first field indicates that the NSTR link pair composed of link 2 and link 3 can retain the original mode.
  • the NSTR indication bitmap represents one link in each NSTR link pair among all NSTR link pairs between the sending end and the receiving end. Used to transmit data, the other link is not used to transmit data. It can be understood that the relationship between the values and meanings of each bit shown above is only an example and should not be This should be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of this application.
  • the length of the first field may be 1 byte, 2 bytes, etc.
  • the length of the first field is the same as the length of the NSTR indication bitmap, that is, the length of the first field is fixed, so that the implementation is simple and the parsing logic is simple.
  • the first frame includes a single site configuration sub-element, the single site configuration sub-element includes a site information field and a site control field, the site control field includes a second field, the second field is used to indicate the presence of the first field in the site information field.
  • a single site configuration sub-element For the structure of a single site configuration sub-element, reference can be made to Figure 6.
  • Figure 6 For descriptions of other fields shown in Figure 6 except the first field and the second field, reference can be made to relevant standards or protocols, which will not be described in detail in the embodiment of this application. It can be understood that the basic multi-link elements shown in Figure 6 are only examples and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. For example, if the value of the second field is 1, it means that the first field exists in the site information field.
  • the site control field may include information indicating whether the first field is present.
  • the information indicating whether the first field exists can enable the receiving end to determine whether it is necessary to read the first field in the control information field based on the information. If it is determined through the information that the first field does not exist, the receiving end may not read it. Get the first field, thereby saving resource overhead; if it is determined through this information that the first field exists, the receiving end can read the first field.
  • the length of the first field can be 0 bytes, 1 byte, 2 bytes, etc.
  • the length of the first field may be the same as the length of the NSTR indication bitmap.
  • the length of the first field can be changed, for example, it can be 0 bytes, or it can be the same length as the NSTR indication bitmap, thereby saving the signaling overhead of the first frame, or, when there is the first field, it can effectively improve the interference between links and achieve energy saving.
  • the first frame includes a public information field and a link information field
  • the common information field may include a fourth field
  • the link information field includes a single site configuration sub-element
  • the single site configuration sub-element includes the first field
  • the single The site configuration sub-element includes a first field and a second field.
  • the fourth field is used to indicate whether there is at least one NSTR link pair in the link pair between the sending end and the receiving end.
  • the at least one NSTR One link in each NSTR link pair is used to transmit data, or one link is not used to transmit data.
  • the fourth field indicates that the above-mentioned NSTR link pair does not exist, the first field and the second field may not be included in the first frame, which not only saves signaling overhead, but also allows the receiving end to quickly know whether reading is required. Take the first field and the second field. If the existence of the above-mentioned NSTR link pair is indicated by the fourth field, the receiving end may read the first field and the second field based on method A or method B.
  • Table 2 can include basic multi-link elements.
  • the first field notification in Table 1 can be understood as being used to indicate whether there is one link in the NSTR link pair used to transmit data, or to indicate whether there is one link in the NSTR link pair that is not used to transmit data, Or used to indicate whether there is an NSTR link pair in which one link is used to transmit data and the other link is not used to transmit data (such as for energy-saving mode or sleep state, etc.).
  • the receiving end can read the basic multi-link element based on the above-mentioned methods A to C, and the basic multi-link element includes the first field and the second field; or , the basic multi-link element may include a first field.
  • the sending end sends the first frame; correspondingly, the receiving end receives the first frame.
  • the receiving end performs processing based on the first frame.
  • the sender may include AP MLD; the receiver may include non-AP MLD; or the sender may include non-AP MLD, and the receiver may include AP MLD, this application will describe in detail the processing methods of different MLDs.
  • the sending end includes AP MLD
  • the receiving end includes non-AP MLD.
  • the AP MLD For the sender, if the AP MLD actively initiates the first frame, it means informing the non-AP MLD that the AP MLD will not initiate transmission to the associated non-AP MLD on both links of the NSTR link pair at the same time; or The AP MLD tells the associated non-AP MLD not to initiate transmissions to the AP MLD simultaneously on both links of the NSTR link pair. That is, for any NSTR link pair of a non-AP MLD associated with the AP MLD, the AP MLD will only initiate transmission to the non-AP MLD on one link in the link pair at a time.
  • the "once" here may refer to the length of a PPDU or the length of a transmission opportunity (TXOP) or the length of a frame exchange sequence, etc.
  • the receiving end can perform at least one of the following operations:
  • non-AP MLD can determine not to send data through the second link based on the first frame, that is, non-AP MLD can not send data through the second link based on the first frame.
  • the second link not being used for sending data may include: the second link is in any one of the energy-saving mode, the sleep state, and the first communication mode.
  • non-AP MLD can achieve energy-saving mode or sleep state without sending data through the second link.
  • MIB MAC information base
  • the non-AP MLD When the non-AP MLD receives the first frame, and successfully After parsing the first field, the above parameter can be set to true, thereby indicating that the second link is used to enter the energy-saving mode, the sleep state, the first communication mode, etc.
  • the function of this MIB parameter is that when the non-AP MLD sets its value to true, each time the non-AP MLD receives a PPDU on the first link, the non-AP MLD can automatically allow the STA on the second link to enter.
  • the sleep state (or energy saving mode or first communication mode) is also applicable to TXOP level energy saving.
  • the second link shown in the embodiment of this application refers to the link between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD.
  • the above-mentioned first communication mode can be understood as the non-AP MLD does not send data through the second link. , or the non-AP MLD does not send data to the AP MLD through the second link, or the non-AP MLD does not receive data from the AP MLD through the second link, but the non-AP MLD can receive it through other links Data frames or management frames from other devices, or the non-AP MLD can send data or control signaling to other devices over other links.
  • the above-mentioned first communication mode can be understood as the second link is neither in energy-saving mode or sleep state, nor is data transmitted through the second link, but can transmit signals to other devices through other links.
  • the non-AP MLD can cause the second link to enter any of the energy-saving mode, sleep state, and first communication mode based on the first frame.
  • the non-AP MLD can send an acknowledgment frame to the AP MLD based on the first frame.
  • AP MLD can receive the confirmation frame.
  • This acknowledgment frame can be used to indicate that the non-AP MLD has learned that the AP MLD will not initiate transmissions on both links of the NSTR link pair at the same time.
  • the non-AP MLD knows based on the first frame that the AP MLD will not transmit data to it on both links of the NSTR link pair at the same time, so during the "one transmission" period, the non-AP MLD can pass the NSTR link One link in the pair transmits data, and whether the other link enters sleep state, energy-saving mode, first communication mode, etc. can be decided by the non-AP MLD itself.
  • the non-AP MLD may not necessarily completely follow the The indication in the first field causes the second link to enter the energy-saving mode or the sleep state.
  • the second link may also enter the first communication mode.
  • the duration of the above "one transmission” can refer to the length of a PPDU sent by the AP MLD, the length of a TXOP obtained by the AP MLD, or the length of a frame exchange sequence. If a transmission refers to the length of a PPDU, then if the AP MLD sends a PPDU to it on a link of the non-AP MLD (such as link 1 or the first link), within the time period of the PPDU transmission, , the AP MLD will not send any data to the non-AP MLD on another link (such as link 2 or the second link).
  • the AP MLD requires the non-AP MLD to reply with an acknowledgment frame for the PPDU after receiving it on link 1, then when the PPDU transmission on link 1 ends, if the AP MLD wants to send an acknowledgment frame to the PPDU on link 2, When non-AP MLD transmits, you need to ensure that this transmission will not interfere with non-AP MLD sending a reply on link 1. For example, wait for non-AP MLD to successfully send an acknowledgment frame before initiating transmission on link 2. That is, link 2's wake-up time can be after the non-AP MLD successfully sends an acknowledgment frame over link 1.
  • the AP MLD can compete for the channel normally on link 2. That is, the wake-up time of link 2 can be after the non-AP MLD successfully receives the PPDU over link 1.
  • the non-AP MLD chooses to enter the doze state on link 2 when receiving the PPDU transmitted by the AP MLD on link 1, it needs to wake up when the PPDU reception on link 1 ends, or Wakes up after the PPDU reception on link 1 ends and the non-AP MLD replies with an acknowledgment frame.
  • the AP MLD competes for a TXOP on a link of the non-AP MLD (link 1 or the first link), within this TXOP, the AP MLD is on another link (Link 2 or the second link) will not send any data to the non-AP MLD.
  • Link 2 Link
  • a non-AP MLD chooses to enter the doze state on link 2 while communicating with an AP MLD on link 1, it needs to wake up at the end of the TXOP on link 1. If the AP MLD ends its TXOP on link 1 early, such as sending a contention free end (CF-End) frame, the non-AP MLD also wakes up early on link 2.
  • CF-End contention free end
  • the wake-up time of the second link cannot affect the data transmission on link 1.
  • the wake-up time of the second link can be located at the receiving end. After the acknowledgment frame is sent over link 1, or the wake-up time of the second link can be after the end time of the TXOP of link 1.
  • the TXOP of link 1 ends early, the second link can also wake up early.
  • one transmission may also refer to the length of a frame exchange sequence. If a transmission refers to the length of a frame exchange sequence, then if the AP MLD sends a signal to its associated STA (STA 1) on a link of the non-AP MLD (such as link 1 or the first link) ( Or initiate a frame exchange sequence), until the end of the frame exchange sequence, the AP MLD will not send any data to the non-AP MLD on another link (such as link 2 or the second link). That is, if the AP MLD initiates a frame exchange sequence to a non-AP MLD on link 1, and the non-AP MLD chooses to enter the doze state on link 2, it needs to complete the frame exchange sequence on link 1. wake up.
  • STA 1 link 1 or the first link
  • the AP MLD will not send any data to the non-AP MLD on another link (such as link 2 or the second link). That is, if the AP MLD initiates a frame exchange sequence to a non-AP MLD on link 1, and
  • the end of the above frame exchange sequence can be understood as any one or more of the following:
  • the end of the frame exchange sequence can be understood as: the STA (such as STA1) on the link (link 1) where the AP MLD initiates the transmission, the length is a short inter-frame time (aSIFSTime) + a time slot (aSlotTime) + Within the timeout interval (timeout interval) of a receiving physical layer start delay (aRxPHYStartDelay), no physical layer receiving start indication (PHY-RXSTART.indication) primitive was received.
  • the starting time of this timeout interval can be when STA 1 has finished replying a confirmation frame to the associated AP (AP 1) for the latest frame it received from AP 1; it can also be when STA 1 has finished receiving the frame sent by AP 1. Give it the most recent frame that does not require an immediate response.
  • AP1 and STA1 shown in the embodiment of this application can be understood as the AP and STA on link 1.
  • the end of the frame exchange sequence can be understood as: STA 1 on link 1 received PHY-RXSTART.indicationprimitive within the timeout interval of length aSIFSTime+aSlotTime+aRxPHYStartDelay.
  • the starting time of the timeout interval can be when STA 1 replies to AP 1 with an acknowledgment frame or response frame.
  • the most recent frame it can also be the most recent frame sent to it by AP 1 after STA 1 has received it and does not require immediate confirmation.
  • STA 1 did not detect any of the following frames:
  • a unicast frame the receiving address is equal to the MAC address of STA 1; 2) A trigger frame, in which a user information field (user info field) corresponds to STA 1; 3) A clear to send (CTS) to itself CTS-to-self frame, the receiving address is equal to the MAC address of AP 1; 4) A multi-STA blockack frame, one for each association identifier (AID) traffic identifier (traffic identifier) , TID) information field (Per AIDTIDinfo field) corresponds to STA 1; 5) A null data PPDU (null data PPDU, NDP) announcement (announcement) frame, one of the site information fields corresponds to STA 1.
  • the end of the frame exchange sequence can be understood as: STA 1 received the latest frame sent by AP 1 that needs immediate confirmation, and did not reply after a SIFS time.
  • the AP MLD actively initiates the first frame.
  • the AP MLD can use the first frame to indicate to the non-AP MLD that it will not initiate transmission on the link pair at the same time, thus not only avoiding the system complexity caused by execution time alignment, but also Instead, it also effectively improves the interference between links.
  • the sending end includes non-AP MLD
  • the receiving end includes AP MLD
  • the non-AP MLD actively initiates the first frame.
  • the non-AP MLD can choose that one link in all NSTR link pairs is not used to transmit data (or is used to enter energy-saving mode or sleep state). etc.), or select one link in some NSTR link pairs not to be used to transmit data (or to enter energy-saving mode or sleep state) and the remaining NSTR link pairs to maintain the original mode.
  • the first field can also be expanded to have multiple meanings: 1. Inform the associated AP MLD not to target the non-AP MLD on both links of the NSTR link pair at the same time. Initiate transmission; 2.
  • the AP MLD Inform the AP MLD that the non-AP MLD will not initiate transmission to the associated AP MLD on both links of the NSTR link pair at the same time; 3.
  • the AP MLD is on one link of the NSTR link pair
  • the AP MLD cannot transmit the non-AP MLD on another link because the non-AP MLD may be in energy-saving mode or in another link. doze status, etc.
  • the AP MLD associated with the non-AP MLD Transmissions will not be initiated simultaneously on the non-AP MLD on both links of the NSTR link pair. That is to say, for any NSTR link pair with the non-AP MLD, the associated AP MLD is only allowed to initiate transmission for the non-AP MLD on one of the links at a time.
  • "Once" here can also refer to the length of a PPDU or the length of a TXOP or the length of a frame exchange sequence. Therefore, during the "one transmission" period, the non-AP MLD can enter a power-saving mode or doze state on another link where it is not working.
  • the AP MLD can send a reject frame, which represents the AP MLD.
  • a reject frame which represents the AP MLD.
  • the AP MLD can reply with a reject frame, thereby avoiding the scheduling pressure caused by switching between aligned time and non-time alignment.
  • the content of the rejection frame can refer to the implementation methods one to four shown above. If the value of the first field is 1, it means that the AP MLD confirms the first frame; if the value of the first field is 0, it means AP MLD rejects the first frame.
  • the non-AP MLD does not need to negotiate with the AP MLD and only notifies the AP MLD. At this time, the AP MLD only needs to confirm receipt of the notification and cannot choose to reject it.
  • the first frame is initiated by the non-AP MLD.
  • the non-AP MLD can indicate to the AP MLD through the first frame that one link in its link pair may enter the energy saving mode or sleep state, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving, and It can also effectively improve the interference between links.
  • the sending end sends a first frame to the receiving end, and uses the first field in the first frame to indicate that one of the two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold is used to transmit data. , or one of the two links is not used to transmit data, so that the receiving end can effectively know that it will not receive data from the sending end on the two links at the same time, or the receiving end cannot Send data to the sender on these two links at the same time, or the receiver cannot send data to the sender on one of the two links while receiving data from the sender on the other link. end data, effectively avoiding the impact of sending signals on one link on the channel access and reception of the other link. Furthermore, the interference between two links whose frequency interval is less than or equal to the first threshold is effectively improved.
  • the link that is not used to transmit data is used to enter the energy-saving mode or sleep state, the purpose of energy saving can also be achieved.
  • the sending end may generate a first frame, and the sending end may send the first frame to the receiving end, where the first frame includes a first field, the first field is used to indicate at least one link is used to transmit data, or is used to indicate that at least one link is not used to transmit data; or, the first field is used to indicate that the first link is used to transmit data, or is used to indicate that the second link is not used to transmit data, the The first link and the second link are links between the sending end and the receiving end; or the first field is used to indicate that the first link is used to transmit data, or to indicate that at least one link is not used for transmitting data. transfer data.
  • the receiving end can receive the first frame and perform processing based on the first frame.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the frequency interval between the first link and the second link.
  • the second link not being used to transmit data may include: the second link is in an energy-saving mode, a sleep state, or a first communication mode, etc.
  • the first field is used to indicate that one link between the sending end and the receiving end is used to transmit data, or to indicate that other links between the sending end and the receiving end are not used to transmit data. That is, the function of the first field shown in the embodiment of this application is different from the function of the first field in the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • the first field here indicates that one link is used for transmission, and other links None are used to transmit data. Thus, the purpose of energy saving can be achieved.
  • the first field is used to indicate that one of the link relationships composed of the first link and the second link is used to transmit data, or to indicate that the first link and the second link are used to transmit data.
  • One link in the link relationship composed of links is not used to transmit data, or it is used to indicate that one link in the link relationship composed of the first link and the second link is used to transmit data and the other link is not used to transmit data. transfer data.
  • the link relationship composed of the first link and the second link shown here may include the relationship of NSTR link pairs or the relationship of STR link pairs.
  • the length of the first field is equal to the length of the NSTR indication bitmap.
  • the number of bits with a value of 1 in the first bitmap in the first field is less than or equal to the number of bits in the NSTR indicated bitmap.
  • the number of bits with a value of 1 in the first bit bitmap may also be greater than the number of bits with a value of 1 in the NSTR indication bitmap.
  • the value of the NSTR indication bitmap is 10101100
  • the value of the first bitmap is 10101101, which means that one link in the link relationship composed of link 2 and link 8 is used to transmit data, and the other link is used to transmit data.
  • the link is not used to transmit data.
  • the length of the first field may be greater than the length of the NSTR indication bitmap.
  • the number of links between the sender and the receiver is 10.
  • the length of the NSTR indication bitmap is 2 bytes.
  • the link identifiers between the NSTR link pairs do not exceed 8
  • the length of the NSTR indication bitmap can be 1 byte. If the link relationship indicated in the first bitmap, such as the link composed of link 2 and link 9 In the path relationship, one link is used for data transmission and the other link is not used for data transmission, which means that the length of the first bitmap needs to be 2 bytes. Note that link 2 and link 9 shown here do not form an NSTR link pair.
  • the sending end may include AP MLD
  • the receiving end may include non-AP MLD.
  • the AP MLD proactively notifies the non-AP MLD whether the AP MLD enters the power save NSTR (power save NSTR) mode.
  • NSTR power save NSTR
  • Related implementation methods For AP MLD, when it enters power save NSTR mode, it will not initiate transmission to the non-AP MLD on any two links at the same time. In other words, each time the non-AP MLD receives on one link, it can enter the doze state on other links at the same time, achieving more flexible energy saving at the PPDU or TXOP level or frame exchange sequence level.
  • the sending end may include non-AP MLD
  • the receiving end may include AP MLD.
  • the non-AP MLD when it enters power save NSTR mode, its associated AP MLD will not initiate transmission to the non-AP MLD on both links at the same time. That is to say, for any two links with the non-AP MLD, the associated AP MLD is only allowed to initiate transmission for the non-AP MLD on one of the links at a time. Therefore, the non-AP MLD is When receiving on one link, the doze state can be entered on other links at the same time.
  • the first field can be extended to multiple meanings: 1.
  • the associated AP MLD should not initiate transmission on any two links at the same time for the non-AP MLD; 2. Inform the AP MLD The non-AP MLD will not initiate transmission to the associated AP MLD on any two links at the same time; 3.
  • the AP MLD receives the PPDU sent by the non-AP MLD on a certain link, it cannot Transmit the non-AP MLD on other links because the non-AP MLD may be in doze state on other links.
  • the sending end indicates to the receiving end through the first frame that one of every two links is used to enter the energy saving mode or the sleep state, which can achieve the purpose of energy saving.
  • This application divides the communication device into functional modules according to the above method embodiments.
  • each functional module can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in this application is schematic and is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • the communication device according to the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 .
  • FIG 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, the communication device includes a processing unit 701 and a transceiver unit 702.
  • the communication device may be the sending end or chip shown above, and the chip may be disposed in the sending end. That is, the communication device can be used to perform the steps or functions performed by the sending end in the above method embodiments.
  • the processing unit 701 is used to generate the first frame; the transceiving unit 702 is used to output the first frame.
  • the processing unit 701 may be used to perform step 201 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the transceiver unit 702 may be used to perform the sending step in step 202 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the communication device may be the receiving end or chip shown above, and the chip may be disposed in the receiving end. That is, the communication device can be used to perform the steps performed by the receiving end in the above method embodiment. steps or functions, etc.
  • the transceiver unit 702 is used to input the first frame; the processing unit 701 is used to perform processing based on the first frame.
  • the processing unit 701 may be configured to perform at least one of the following: determining not to send data through the second link, or not to send data through the second link, or not to receive data through the second link, or based on the first frame Send an acknowledgment frame, or a reject frame based on the first frame.
  • the transceiver unit 702 may also be used to perform the receiving step in step 202 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the processing unit 701 can also be used to perform step 203 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the division method shown above is only an example.
  • the division method for the sending end (or the chip provided at the sending end) and the receiving end (or the chip provided at the receiving end) can also be as follows: the sending end can include a generation unit and a sending unit; the receiving end may include a receiving unit and a processing unit, and the processing unit may include at least one of a second link processing subunit, an acknowledgment frame processing subunit, a reject frame processing subunit, etc., which will not be covered one by one here. enumerate.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device according to the embodiment of the present application are introduced above.
  • the possible product forms of the first communication device and the second communication device are introduced below. It should be understood that any form of product that has the function of the first communication device described in Figure 7 above, or any form of product that has the function of the second communication device described in Figure 7 above, falls within the scope of this application. Protection scope of the embodiment. It should also be understood that the following description is only an example, and does not limit the product forms of the first communication device and the second communication device in the embodiments of the present application to this.
  • the processing unit 701 may be one or more processors, the transceiving unit 702 may be a transceiver, or the transceiving unit 702 may also be a sending unit and a receiving unit.
  • the sending unit may be a transmitter
  • the receiving unit may be a receiver
  • the sending unit and the receiving unit are integrated into one device, such as a transceiver.
  • the processor and the transceiver may be coupled, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection method between the processor and the transceiver.
  • the communication device 80 includes one or more processors 820 and a transceiver 810 .
  • the processor 820 is used to generate the first frame; the transceiver 810 is used to send the first frame.
  • the transceiver 810 is used to receive the first frame from the sending end; the processor 820 is used to perform processing based on the first frame.
  • the transceiver may include a receiver and a transmitter, the receiver is used to perform the function (or operation) of receiving, and the transmitter is used to perform the function (or operation) of transmitting. ). and transceivers for communication over transmission media and other equipment/devices.
  • the communication device 80 may also include one or more memories 830 for storing program instructions and/or data.
  • Memory 830 and processor 820 are coupled.
  • the coupling in the embodiment of this application is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units or modules, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms, and is used for information interaction between devices, units or modules.
  • Processor 820 may cooperate with memory 830.
  • Processor 820 may execute program instructions stored in memory 830.
  • at least one of the above one or more memories may be included in the processor.
  • connection medium between the above-mentioned transceiver 810, processor 820 and memory 830 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the memory 830, the processor 820 and the transceiver 810 are connected through a bus 840 in Figure 8.
  • the bus is represented by a thick line in Figure 8.
  • the connection methods between other components are only schematically explained. , is not limited.
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in Figure 8, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, etc., which can be implemented Or execute the disclosed methods, steps and logical block diagrams in the embodiments of this application.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor, etc.
  • the memory may include but is not limited to non-volatile memories such as hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM) or Portable Read-Only Memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, CD-ROM), etc.
  • Memory is any storage medium that can be used to carry or store program codes in the form of instructions or data structures, and that can be read and/or written by a computer (such as the communication device shown in this application), but is not limited thereto.
  • the memory in the embodiment of the present application can also be a circuit or any other device capable of realizing a storage function, used to store program instructions and/or data.
  • the processor 820 is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire communication device, execute software programs, and process data of the software programs.
  • Memory 830 is mainly used to store software programs and data.
  • the transceiver 810 may include a control circuit and an antenna.
  • the control circuit is mainly used for conversion of baseband signals and radio frequency signals and processing of radio frequency signals.
  • Antennas are mainly used to send and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • Input and output devices, such as touch screens, display screens, keyboards, etc., are mainly used to receive data input by users and output data to users.
  • the processor 820 can read the software program in the memory 830, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program.
  • the processor 820 performs baseband processing on the data to be sent, and then outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit.
  • the radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and then sends the radio frequency signal out in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna.
  • the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 820.
  • the processor 820 converts the baseband signal into data and performs processing on the data. deal with.
  • the radio frequency circuit and antenna can be arranged independently of the processor that performs baseband processing.
  • the radio frequency circuit and antenna can be arranged remotely and independently of the communication device. .
  • the communication device shown in the embodiment of the present application may also have more components than shown in FIG. 8 , and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the methods performed by the processor and transceiver shown above are only examples. For specific steps performed by the processor and transceiver, please refer to the method introduced above.
  • the processing unit 701 may be one or more logic circuits, and the transceiver unit 702 may be an input-output interface, also known as a communication interface, or an interface circuit. , or interface, etc.
  • the transceiver unit 702 may also be a sending unit and a receiving unit.
  • the sending unit may be an output interface
  • the receiving unit may be an input interface.
  • the sending unit and the receiving unit may be integrated into one unit, such as an input-output interface.
  • the communication device shown in FIG. 9 includes a logic circuit 901 and an interface 902 .
  • the above-mentioned processing unit 701 can be implemented by the logic circuit 901, and the transceiver unit 702 can be implemented by the interface 902.
  • the logic circuit 901 may be a chip, a processing circuit, an integrated circuit or a system on chip (SoC) chip, etc.
  • the interface 902 may be a communication interface, an input/output interface, a pin, etc.
  • FIG. 9 takes the above communication device as a chip.
  • the chip includes a logic circuit 901 and an interface 902 .
  • the logic circuit and the interface may also be coupled to each other.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific connection methods of the logic circuits and interfaces.
  • the logic circuit 901 is used to generate the first frame; the interface 902 is used to output the first frame.
  • the interface 902 is used to input the first frame; the logic circuit 901 is used to perform processing based on the first frame.
  • the communication device shown in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware to implement the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application, or can be implemented in the form of software to implement the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application. This is not limited by the embodiments of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless communication system.
  • the wireless communication system includes a sending end and a receiving end.
  • the sending end and the receiving end can be used to perform the method in any of the foregoing embodiments (as shown in Figure 2).
  • this application also provides a computer program, which is used to implement the operations and/or processing performed by the sending end in the method provided by this application.
  • This application also provides a computer program, which is used to implement the operations and/or processing performed by the receiving end in the method provided by this application.
  • This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer code.
  • the computer code When the computer code is run on a computer, it causes the computer to perform the operations performed by the sending end in the method provided by this application and/ or processing.
  • This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer code.
  • the computer code When the computer code is run on a computer, it causes the computer to perform the operations performed by the receiving end in the method provided by this application and/ or processing.
  • the computer program product includes computer code or computer program.
  • the computer code or computer program When the computer code or computer program is run on a computer, it causes the operations performed by the sending end in the method provided by this application and/or Processing is performed.
  • the computer program product includes computer code or computer program.
  • the computer code or computer program When the computer code or computer program is run on a computer, it causes the operations performed by the receiving end in the method provided by this application and/or Processing is performed.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or may be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the technical effects of the solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or may be each The unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially or contributes to the existing technology, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a readable
  • the storage medium includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application.
  • the aforementioned readable storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, etc. that can store program code medium.

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Abstract

一种多链路通信方法及装置，本申请应用于支持IEEE 802.11ax下一代Wi-Fi协议，如802.11be，Wi-Fi 7或EHT，又如802.11be下一代，Wi-Fi 8等802.11系列协议的无线局域网系统，还可以应用于基于UWB的无线个人局域网系统，感知(sensing)系统等。该方法包括：发送端生成第一帧，并发送该第一帧；对应的，接收端接收该第一帧，并基于该第一帧进行处理。其中，第一帧可以包括第一字段，该第一帧用于指示第一链路用于传输数据或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，该第一链路和该第二链路为发送端与接收端之间的链路。本申请有效改善了链路间的干扰。

Description

多链路通信方法及装置
本申请要求于2022年06月06日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210631685.4、申请名称为“多链路通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种多链路通信方法及装置。
背景技术
下一代无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)标准朝着不断提高吞吐量的方向进行发展和演进，WLAN系统标准主要在电气与电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，IEEE)802.11标准组中进行研究和讨论，基于之前的标准协议如802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax等，下一代标准802.11be将极高吞吐量(extremely high throughput，EHT)作为技术目标。而其中一个已有的关键技术即为多链路(multi-link，ML)通信。
多链路通信的核心思想是支持下一代IEEE 802.11标准的WLAN设备如EHT设备或下一代多链路设备拥有在多个频段上发送和接收的能力，从而可以使用更大的带宽进行传输，进而提升吞吐量。多频段主要包括但不仅限于2.4GHz Wi-Fi频段、5GHz Wi-Fi频段以及6GHz Wi-Fi频段等。其中在一个频段上进行接入和传输称为单链路通信，在多个频段上进行接入和传输可以称为ML通信。
然而，在多链路通信情况下，链路之间往往会存在干扰。
发明内容
本申请提供一种多链路通信方法及装置，可以有效改善链路间的干扰。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种多链路通信方法，所述方法可以应用于发送端，所述方法包括：生成第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一字段，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，所述第一链路与所述第二链路之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为接入点多链路设备(access pointmulti-link device，AP MLD)与非接入点多链路设备(non-access point stationmulti-link device，non-AP MLD)之间的链路；发送所述第一帧。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种多链路通信方法，所述方法可以应用于接收端，所述方法包括：接收第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一字段，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输信号，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，所述第一链路与所述第二链路之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为接入点多链路设备AP MLD与非接入点多链路设备non-AP MLD之间的链路；基于所述第一帧进行处理。
本申请实施例中，发送端通过向接收端发送第一帧，通过该第一帧中的第一字段指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路中的一条链路用于传输数据，或该两条链路中的一条链路不用于传输数据，从而可使得接收端能够有效获知其不会同时在这两条链路上接收到来自发送端的数据，或者，该接收端不能够同时在这两条链路上向发送端发送数据，或者，该接收端不能够在这两条链路中的一条链路上向发送端发送数据的同时，在另一条链路上接收来自发送端的数据，有效避免了在其中一条链路上发送信号对另一条链路的信道接入和接收的影响。进而，有效改善了频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路之间的干扰。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述基于所述第一帧进行处理包括：基于所述第一帧不通过所述第二链路发送数据。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述基于所述第一帧进行处理包括：基于所述第一帧不通过所述第二链路接收来自所述发送端的数据。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二链路处于节能模式、休眠状态、第一通信模式中的任一项。
本申请实施例中，当第二链路处于节能模式或休眠状态时，可以达到节能的目的。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述基于所述第一帧进行处理包括：基于所述第一帧发送确认帧。
本申请实施例中，接收端通过“握手”的方式向发送端反馈第一帧的响应帧，如确认帧，可以增强通信的可靠性，提供通信双方的通信效率。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一字段用于指示所述第二链路不用于传输数据包括：所述第一字段用于指示所述第二链路进入节能模式；或者，用于指示所述第二链路进入休眠状态。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为不具备同时收发NSTR能力的链路对。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一字段包含于A-控制(A-control)字段。
本申请实施例中，通过将第一字段包含于A-control字段可以灵活地将该A-control字段携带于不同类型的帧中。尤其是将其携带于数据帧时，可以同时携带A-control字段，实现同时发送数据和第一字段的目的，节省信令开销。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一字段包含于基础多链路元素中的多链路设备(multi-link device，MLD)能力和操作(MLD capabilitiesandoperations)字段。
本申请实施例中，MLD能力和操作字段用于携带MLD各种能力和操作模式的指示，因此通过将第一字段包含于MLD能力和操作字段可以保持第一帧的帧结构内不同元素对应不同功能的一致性。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一字段包含于极高吞吐量EHT操作元素中的EHT操作信息字段。
本申请实施例中，EHT操作信息字段一般用于指示EHT设备的一些信道信息，因此通过将第一字段包含于EHT操作信息字段，相当于将第一字段所指示的内容认为是针对信道的一些操作，从而保持帧结构内不同元素对应不同功能的一致性。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一字段包含于站点信息字段中，所述第一字段包括第一比特位图，所述第一比特位图中的第一比特用于指示所述第一链路与所述第二链路中的一条链路用于传输数据，或者，用于指示所述一条链路不用于传输数据。
本申请实施例中，发送端可以向接收端指示某些不具备同时收发(non-simultaneous transmitting and receiving，NSTR)链路对(如第一链路和第二链路所组成的NSTR链路对)中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。从而，可以更加灵活地针对不同NSTR链路对有不同的指示。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述站点信息字段包含于单个站 点配置元素中，且所述单个站点配置元素还包括站点控制字段，所述站点控制字段包括第二字段，所述第二字段用于指示所述站点信息字段中存在所述第一字段。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述站点信息字段还包括NSTR指示比特位图，所述第一比特位图的长度等于所述NSTR指示比特位图的长度。
本申请实施例中，通过第二字段所在位置指示站点信息字段中是否存在第一字段，可使得第一字段的长度是变化的如可以是0字节，也可以与NSTR指示比特位图的长度相同，从而可以节省第一帧的信令开销，或者在存在第一字段时，可以有效改善链路间的干扰，还能够达到节能的目的。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。所述通信装置包括具有执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的单元。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。所述通信装置包括具有执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的单元。
作为一个示例，在第三方面或第四方面中，上述通信装置可以包括收发单元和处理单元。对于收发单元和处理单元的具体描述还可以参考下文示出的装置实施例。
作为另一个示例，在第三方面中，上述通信装置可以包括生成单元和发送单元。在第四方面中，上述通信装置可以包括接收单元和处理单元。对于各个单元的具体描述还可以参考下文示出的装置实施例。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，所述通信装置包括处理器，用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。或者，所述处理器用于执行存储器中存储的程序，当所述程序被执行时，上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述存储器位于所述通信装置之外。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述存储器位于所述通信装置之内。
本申请实施例中，处理器和存储器还可以集成于一个器件中，即处理器和存储器还可以被集成在一起。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信装置还包括收发器，所述收发器，用于接收信号和/或发送信号。示例性的，该收发器可以用于发送第一帧等。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，所述通信装置包括处理器，用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。或者，所述处理器用于执行存储器中存储的程序，当所述程序被执行时，上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述存储器位于所述通信装置之外。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述存储器位于所述通信装置之内。
在本申请实施例中，处理器和存储器还可以集成于一个器件中，即处理器和存储器还可以被集成在一起。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信装置还包括收发器，所述收发器，用于接收信号和/或发送信号。示例性的，该收发器可以用于接收第一帧。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片，所述通信装置包括逻辑电路和接口，所述逻辑电路和所述接口耦合；所述逻辑电路，用于生成第一帧；所述接口，用于输出所述第一帧。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片，所述通信装置包括逻辑电路和接口，所述逻辑电路和所述接口耦合；所述接口，用于输入第一帧；所述逻辑电路，用于基于所述第一帧进行处理。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序，当其在计算机上运行时，使得上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
第十方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序，当其在计算机上运行时，使得上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序或计算机代码(也可以称为指令)，当其在计算机上运行时，使得上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
第十二方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序或计算机代码(也可以称为指令)，当其在计算机上运行时，使得上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
第十三方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
第十四方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法被执行。
第十五方面，本申请实施例提供一种无线通信系统，该无线通信系统包括发送端和接收端，所述发送端用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法，所述接收端用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
附图说明
图1a是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的架构示意图；
图1b是本申请实施例提供的一种多链路通信的场景示意图；
图1c是本申请实施例提供的另一种多链路通信的场景示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种多链路通信方法的流程示意图；
图3a是本申请实施例提供的一种高吞吐量(high throughput，HT)控制字段的变形示意图；
图3b是本申请实施例提供的一种A-控制字段的结构示意图；
图3c是本申请实施例提供的一种A-控制字段的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种基础多链路元素的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种EHT操作元素的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种基础多链路元素的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种芯片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地 描述。
本申请的说明书、权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备等，没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元等，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备等固有的其它步骤或单元。
在本文中提及的“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员可以显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上，“至少两个(项)”是指两个或三个及三个以上，“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。“或”表示可以存在两种关系，如只存在A、只存在B；在A和B互不排斥时，也可以表示存在三种关系，如只存在A、只存在B、同时存在A和B。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”。
本申请实施例提供的方法可以应用于无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)系统，如Wi-Fi等。如本申请实施例提供的方法可以适用于电气及电子工程师学会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，IEEE)802.11系列协议，例如802.11a/b/g协议、802.11n协议、802.11ac协议、802.11ax协议、802.11be协议或下一代的协议等，这里不再一一列举。本申请实施例提供的方法还可以应用于各类通信系统，例如，可以是物联网(internet of things，IoT)系统、车联网(vehicle to X，V2X)、窄带物联网(narrow band internet of things，NB-IoT)系统，应用于车联网中的设备，物联网(IoT，internet of things)中的物联网节点、传感器等，智慧家居中的智能摄像头，智能遥控器，智能水表电表，以及智慧城市中的传感器等。还可以适用于长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统，第五代(5th-generation，5G)通信系统，以及未来通信发展中出现的新的通信系统(如6G)等。
虽然本申请实施例主要以WLAN为例，尤其是应用于IEEE 802.11系列标准的网络为例进行说明。本领域技术人员容易理解，本申请实施例涉及的各个方面可以扩展到采用各种标准或协议的其它网络。例如，蓝牙(bluetooth)，高性能无线LAN(high performance radio LAN，HIPERLAN)(一种与IEEE 802.11标准类似的无线标准，主要在欧洲使用)以及广域网(WAN)或其它现在已知或以后发展起来的网络。因此，无论使用的覆盖范围和无线接入协议如何，本申请提供的各种方面可以适用于任何合适的无线网络。
以下详细介绍本申请实施例涉及的通信系统。
本申请实施例提供的通信系统可以为WLAN或蜂窝网，本申请实施例提供的方法可以由无线通信系统中的通信设备或通信设备中的芯片或处理器实现，该通信设备可以是一种支持一条或多条链路并行进行传输的无线通信设备，例如，称为多链路设备(multi-link device，MLD)。相比于仅支持单条链路传输的设备来说，多链路设备具有更高的传输效率和更高的吞吐量。
多链路设备包括一个或多个隶属的站点，隶属的站点是逻辑上的站点，可以工作在一条链路或一个频段或一个信道上等。该隶属的站点可以为接入点(access point，AP)或非接入点站点(non-access point station，non-AP STA)。为描述方便，本申请实施例可以将隶属的站点为AP的多链路设备称为多链路AP或多链路AP设备或AP多链路设备(AP multi-link device，AP MLD)。隶属的站点为non-AP STA的多链路设备称为多链路STA或多链路STA设备或STA多链路设备(STA multi-link device)，或者，隶属的站点为non-AP STA的多链路设备称为多链路non-AP或多链路non-AP设备或non-AP多链路设备(non-AP multi-link device，non-AP MLD)等。下文将隶属的站点为AP的多链路设备称为AP MLD，将隶属的站点为non-AP STA的多链路设备称为non-AP MLD。AP MLD中隶属的AP为一个或多个；STA MLD中隶属的STA为一个或多个。
多链路设备(这里既可以是non-AP MLD，也可以是AP MLD)为具有无线通信功能的通信装置。该通信装置可以为一个整机的设备，还可以是安装在整机设备中的芯片或处理系统等，安装这些芯片或处理系统的设备可以在这些芯片或处理系统的控制下，实现本申请实施例的方法和功能。例如，本申请实施例中的non-APMLD具有无线收发功能，可以支持802.11系列协议，可以与APMLD或其他non-APMLD进行通信。例如，non-APMLD是允许用户与AP通信进而与WLAN通信的任何用户通信设备。例如，non-APMLD可以为平板电脑、桌面型、膝上型、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、手持计算机、上网本、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、手机等可以联网的用户设备，或物联网中的物联网节点，或车联网中的车载通信装置等。non-AP多链路设备还可以为上述这些终端中的芯片和处理系统。APMLD可以为non-APMLD提供服务的装置，可以支持802.11系列协议。例如，APMLD可以为通信服务器、路由器、交换机、网桥等通信实体，或，APMLD可以包括各种形式的宏基站，微基站，中继站等，当然APMLD还可以为这些各种形式的设备中的芯片和处理系统。其中，802.11协议可以包括支持802.11be或兼容802.11be的协议等，这里不再一一列举。
可理解的，多链路设备可以支持高速率低时延的传输，随着无线局域网应用场景的不断演进，多链路设备还可以应用于更多场景中，比如为智慧城市中的传感器节点(比如，智能水表，智能电表，智能空气检测节点)，智慧家居中的智能设备(比如智能摄像头，投影仪，显式屏，电视机，音响，电冰箱，洗衣机等)，物联网中的节点，娱乐终端(比如AR，VR等可穿戴设备)，智能办公中智能设备(比如，打印机，投影仪等)，车联网中的车联网设备，日常生活场景中的一些基础设施(比如自动售货机，商超的自助导航台，自助收银设备，自助点餐机等)。本申请实施例中对于多链路设备的具体形式不做限定，在此仅是示例性说明。
结合以上所示的多链路设备，图1a是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的架构示意图。如图1a所示，AP MLD包括AP1，AP2，…，APn，non-AP MLD包括STA1，STA2，…，STAn。这里所示的n为正整数。AP MLD和non-AP MLD可以采用链路1，链路2，…，链路n并行进行通信。non-AP MLD中的STA1与AP MLD中的AP1建立关联关系，non-AP MLD中的STA2与AP MLD中的AP2建立关联关系，non-AP MLD中的STAn与AP MLD中的APn建立关联关系等。由此，non-AP MLD中的一个或多个STA与AP MLD中的一个或多个AP之间建立关联关系之后便可以进行通信。
多链路设备(包括AP MLD和non-AP MLD)工作的频段可以包括但不限于：sub 1GHz，2.4GHz，5GHz，6GHz以及高频60GHz等。
图1b是本申请实施例提供的一种多链路通信的场景示意图。图1b示出了AP MLD101 与Non-AP MLD102，Non-AP MLD103以及STA104进行通信的场景，AP MLD101包括隶属的AP101-1至AP101-3；Non-AP MLD102包括隶属的三个STA102-1、STA102-2和STA102-3；Non-AP MLD103包括2个隶属的STA103-1，STA103-2；STA104-1，STA104为单链路设备。AP MLD101可以分别采用链路1、链路2和链路3与Non-AP MLD102进行通信；采用链路2和链路3与Non-AP MLD103进行通信；采用链路1与STA104通信。一个示例中，STA104工作在2.4GHz频段；Non-AP MLD103中，STA103-1工作在5GHz频段，STA103-2工作在6GHz频段；Non-AP MLD102中，STA102-1工作在2.4GHz频段，STA102-2工作在5GHz频段，STA102-3工作在6GHz频段。AP MLD101中工作在2.4GHz频段的AP101-1可以通过链路1与STA104和Non-AP MLD102中的STA102-1之间传输上行或下行数据。AP MLD101中工作在5GHz频段的AP101-2可以通过链路2与Non-AP MLD 103中工作在5GHz频段的STA103-1之间传输上行或下行数据，还可通过链路2与和Non-AP MLD102中工作在5GHz频段的STA102-2之间传输上行或下行数据。AP MLD101中工作在6GHz频段的AP101-3可通过链路3与Non-AP MLD102中工作在6GHz频段的STA102-3之间传输上行或下行数据，还可通过链路3与Non-AP MLD中的STA103-2之间传输上行或下行数据。
图1b仅以AP MLD101支持三个频段(2.4GHz，5GHz，6GHz)，每个频段对应一条链路，AP MLD101可以工作在链路1、链路2或链路3中的一条或多条链路为例进行示意。实际应用中，AP MLD和Non-AP MLD还可以支持更多或更少的频段，即AP MLD和Non-AP MLD可以工作在更多条链路或更少条链路上，本申请实施例对此并不进行限定。也就是说，本申请实施例提供的方法不仅可以应用于多链路通信，也可以应用于单链路通信。
图1c是本申请实施例提供的另一种多链路通信的场景示意图。如图1c所示，包括至少一个AP和至少一个STA，图1c示出的是三个STA，如STA1、STA2和STA3。例如，STA1可以通过两个链路与AP通信，该两个链路可以如图1c所示的两个箭头。又例如，STA2或STA3可以通过一个链路与AP通信。也就是说，图1c所示的系统中既包括多链路通信，也包括单链路通信，如对于传统站点(legacy STA)(即不支持Wi-Fi 7的旧设备)来说，其支持单链路通信。
本申请实施例所提供的方法可以适用于但不限于：单用户的上/下行传输、多用户的上/下行传输、车与任何事物(vehicle-to-everything，V2X，X可以代表任何事物)、设备到设备(device-todevice，D2D)。例如，该V2X可以包括：车辆到车辆(vehicle to vehicle，V2V)，车辆与基础设施(vehicle to infrastructure，V2I)、车辆与行人之间的通信(vehicle to pedestrian，V2P)或车辆与网络(vehicle to network，V2N)通信等。
以下详细说明本申请实施例涉及的术语。
1、第一链路与第二链路之间的频率间隔
两个链路之间的频率间隔可以用这两个链路分别所在的频段的中心频率来衡量，如这两个链路的中心频率之间的间隔可以作为这两个链路之间的频率间隔。当然，也可以利用这两个链路分别所在频段的起始频率之间的间隔作为这两个链路之间的频率间隔；或者，利用这两个链路分别所在频率的结束频率之间的间隔作为这两个链路之间的频率间隔，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
2、链路对
对于不具备同时收发(non-simultaneous transmitting and receiving，NSTR)(也可以称为非同时收发或不支持同时收发或不同时收发或不能同时收发)MLD而言，两条频率间隔小的链路之间存在信道干扰。比如EHT设备在链路1上发送信号，链路1上发送的信号会存在能 量泄露，如果链路1与链路2所在频段的频率间隔较小，则链路1上的能量泄露会对链路2产生信道干扰。这时候如果链路2进行信道接入，链路1上泄露的能量对链路2产生的信道干扰会导致EHT设备对链路2是否空闲的误判，影响链路2的信道接入和接收。也就是说，对于NSTR MLD来说，由于链路1和链路2之间的频率间隔较小，因此当其在链路1进行发送信号的时候，可能无法在链路2上进行信号接收，如果这时在链路2上有包要收，就可能收不到，导致丢包。上述链路1和上述链路2之间的相互干扰是由于这两条链路之间的频率间隔较近引起的，对于这种由于频率间隔小导致链路之间存在干扰的两条链路，可以称为一个链路对(link pair)或一组链路对或NSTR链路对。当然，频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路还可能组成其他的链路关系，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，虽然同一条链路是相对于收发两端来说的，但是由于发送端和接收端的能力的不同，或设备硬件的不同等原因，使得同一条链路对收发两端来说具有不同的能力。举例来说，以上所示的链路1和链路2对non-AP MLD来说可能是不具备同时收发能力的链路，但是，对于AP MLD来说可能是不具备同时收发能力的链路，也可能是具备同时收发能力的链路。
3、NSTR MLD和具备同时收发(simultaneous transmitting and receiving，STR)(也可以称为同时收发或支持同时收发)MLD
一个MLD可以工作在两个或者更多的链路上，其STR/NSTR能力是就每个链路对来说的，因此可能会出现同一个MLD的不同链路对之间的STR/NSTR能力是不同的，即一部分链路对是STR的，另外一部分链路对是NSTR的。NSTR MLD是指MLD中工作的链路对中，至少有一个链路对的能力是NSTR的。STR MLD是指MLD中工作的所有链路对都是STR的。本申请实施例中，NSTR MLD可以是non-AP MLD。当然，如果AP MLD中的两条链路之间的关系也具有上述链路对所具有的特点，则NSTR MLD也可以是AP MLD。本申请实施例中，STR MLD可以是AP MLD。
4、单个站点配置子元素与链路的关系
基础多链路元素中的链路信息字段可以包括一个或多个单个站点配置(per-STA profile)子元素。该单个站点配置子元素可以包括如下至少一项：子元素标识(subelement ID)字段、长度(length)字段、站点控制(STA control)字段、站点信息(STA info)字段、站点配置(STA profile)字段。站点信息字段可以包括链路标识(link ID)、完整配置(completeprofile)字段等，本申请实施例不再一一详述。由此，单个站点配置子元素可以用于承载一条链路的信息，该链路的信息可以包括链路标识(link ID)字段，还可以包括链路的其他信息等。该链路的其他信息如可以是工作在该链路上的站点的能力信息等。即单个站点配置子元素与链路是一一对应的。也就是说，每个单个站点配置子元素可以对应一条链路，且每个单个站点配置子元素所对应的链路可以由链路ID字段标识。
可理解，本申请实施例中图4和图6所示的基础多链路元素仅为示例，在具体实现中，基础多链路元素可能具有更多或更少的字段，本申请实施例对此不作限定。或者，基础多链路元素中还可能包括其他字段，或者不包括图4和图6所示的某些字段等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
以下详细说明本申请实施例涉及的方法。
一般来说，当多链路设备所支持的多个频段之间的频率间隔较近时，在一个频段发送信号会影响另一个频段接收信号，导致链路间存在干扰。
为改善链路间互相干扰的问题，目前在802.11任务组(taskgroup，TG)be组内已通过 在进行下行传输时，AP MLD需要同步多链路上发送给NSTR MLD的物理层(physical，PHY)协议数据单元(PHY protocol data unit，PPDU)的结束时间，即进行结束时间对齐(end time alignment)。一般来说，时间对齐可以包括开始时间对齐和结束时间对齐。AP MLD在NSTR链路对上同时发送PPDU需要结束时间对齐。non-AP MLD在NSTR链路对上同时发送PPDU，如果两个PPDU都不需要即时响应(immediate response)则non-AP MLD需要进行开始时间对齐，在PPDU需要即时响应的情况下non-AP MLD需要进行开始时间和结束时间对齐。这里所示的“同时”指的是NSTR链路对上的PPDU在时间上有重叠的部分。根据相关协议当一个MLD在NSTR链路对上同时发送PPDU的时候，需要将这两个PPDU的结束时间进行对齐(end time alignment)，且对齐的最大误差为8微秒(us)。如果其中一个PPDU要求即时响应帧(immediate response frame)而另一个PPDU包含触发帧(trigger frame)且它的载波侦听(carriersense，CS)必须的子载波子字段(CS required subfield)值为1，那么这两个PPDU的结束时间误差不超过4us。基于上述原因，以及上述两个链路上的PPDU参数设置不同等原因，导致时间对齐实现困难，导致收发双方难以实现同时发送PPDU。
即使是实现了时间对齐，但是，当non-AP MLD在NSTR链路对中一条链路上接收PPDU时，该non-AP MLD在另一条链路上也必须保持激活(active)的状态。这是因为该non-AP MLD并不知道AP MLD会不会同时在NSTR链路对上发送PPDU，由此如果non-AP MLD在另一条链路上保持激活状态但是AP MLD没有发送PPDU，则会造成资源的浪费。当然，即使不实现时间对齐时，也会存在上述资源浪费的问题。从上述分析可以看出，通过时间对齐的方式虽然改善了链路1和链路2之间的干扰问题，但是会引入资源浪费的问题，而且时间对齐实现困难，复杂度高，成本高。
为改善以上所示的链路1和链路2之间的干扰问题，本申请实施例提供一种多链路通信方法及装置，能够有效改善链路间的干扰问题。可选地，本申请实施例提供的方法可以在不进行时间对齐的情况下，有效改善链路间的干扰问题。可选地，本申请实施例提供的方法可以在进行时间对齐的情况下，不仅可以有效改善资源浪费的问题，而且还可以达到节能的目的。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种多链路通信方法的流程示意图。该方法可以应用于如图1a至图1c所示的通信系统。为便于描述，以下将以发送端和接收端为例说明本申请实施例提供的方法。该发送端可以理解为发送第一帧的通信装置，接收端可以理解为接收第一帧的通信装置。示例性的，发送端可以是AP MLD，接收端可以是non-AP MLD；又或者，发送端可以是non-AP MLD，接收端可以是AP MLD；又或者，发送端和接收端都是AP MLD；又或者，发送端和接收端都是non-AP MLD。当然，如果以是否具备同时收发能力来区分不同的MLD，那么发送端可以是STR MLD，接收端是NSTR MLD；又或者，发送端可以是NSTR MLD，接收端是STR MLD；又或者，发送端和接收端都是NSTR MLD。
如图2所示，多链路通信方法包括：
201、发送端生成第一帧。
第一帧包括第一字段，该第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据。其中，第一链路和第二链路之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值，该第一链路和第二链路为发送端和接收端之间的链路。
示例性的，上述第一阈值可以包括：10MHz、5MHz、2MHz、1MHz等，本申请实施例对于该第一阈值的具体取值不作限定。第一链路和第二链路之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值可以包括：该第一链路和第二链路为NSTR链路对。关于链路对的说明可以参考上文， 这里不再详述。当然，除了本申请实施例所列举的链路对之外，频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路还可以有其他名称，本申请实施例对此不作限定。为便于描述，下文将以第一链路和第二链路为NSTR链路对为例说明本申请实施例提供的方法。
上述第一字段的功能可以包括如下至少一项：第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据；第一字段用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据；第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据以及第二链路不用于传输数据。可理解，第一链路和第二链路仅为示例，并不代表第一字段需要明确指示哪条链路是第一链路，哪条链路是第二链路。以一般性的描述来说，第一字段可以用于指示两条链路中的一条链路用于传输数据；或者，第一字段用于指示两条链路中的一条链路不用于传输数据；或者，第一字段用于指示两条链路中的一条链路用于传输数据，该两条链路中的另一条链路不用于传输数据。
以上所示的第一字段用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据包括：第一字段用于指示第二链路进入节能模式；或者，用于指示第二链路进入休眠状态。当然，在本申请所列举的节能模式和休眠状态之外，在第二链路不传输数据的情况下，还可以包括其他通信模式，这里不再一一列举。
需要说明的是，由于链路与站点之间的对应关系，因此本申请实施例所示的第二链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态或其他通信模式(如第一通信模式)还可以理解为：与第二链路所对应的站点(或第二链路上的站点)用于进入节能模式或休眠状态或其他通信模式(如第一通信模式)。关于链路与站点之间的关系可以参考上文关于单个站点配置子元素与链路的关系。或者，参考相关标准或协议等，本申请实施例不再一一详述。
可理解，以上所示的第二链路不用于传输数据中的数据是相对于管理帧来说的，如以上所示的数据还可以理解为数据帧，而管理帧可以包括如下至少一项：信标帧、探测请求帧、探测响应帧、关联请求帧或关联响应帧等。一般来说，可以通过帧控制字段(framecontrolfield)中的类型(type)字段区分一个帧是数据帧还是管理帧。
本申请实施例中，在发送端和接收端之间的链路条数为两条的情况下，则第一帧中可以不需要额外指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路。又或者，当发送端和接收端均已经获知该发送端和该接收端之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路，则第一帧中也可以不额外指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路，可以节省第一帧的信令开销。可理解，以上所示的第一帧中可以不额外指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路指的是：该第一帧中可以不包括用于指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路的信息，或者，第一帧中可以不包括某个字段，该某个字段用于指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路的信息。本申请实施例对于以上所示的某个字段的具体内容不作限定。作为一种可能的实现方式，示例性的，在发送端发送第一帧之前，该发送端可以发送第二帧，该第二帧包括第三字段，该第三字段用于指示发送端和接收端之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路；或者，该第三字段用于指示发送端和接收端之间的至少一个NSTR链路对。如第三字段可以包括NSTR指示比特位图(NSTR indicationbitmap)，该NSTR指示比特位图中的每个比特可以用于指示每个比特所指示的链路是否与单个站点配置子元素中的链路标识所指示的链路组成NSTR链路对。举例来说，NSTR指示比特位图的取值为10101100，每个比特依次对应链路1至链路8，且NSTR指示比特位图所在的单个站点配置子元素中的链路标识所指示的链路为链路2，则NSTR指示比特位图表示链路1和链路2组成NSTR链路对、链路2和链路3组成NSTR链路对、链路2和链路5组成NSTR链路对以及链路2和链路6组成NSTR链路对。其中，某个比特的取值为1，则表示该某个比特指示的链路与单个站点配置子元素中的 链路标识所指示的链路组成NSTR链路对；某个比特的取值为0，则表示该某个比特指示的链路与单个站点配置子元素中的链路标识所指示的链路不组成NSTR链路对。这里所示的不组成NSTR链路对可以包括：这两条链路是STR链路对，或者，这两条链路具有其他链路关系等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。可理解，本申请实施例所示的链路标识是以1开始为例说明的，但是该链路标识还可以以0开始，当以0开始时，上述所示的各个标识可以依次减1。上述第二帧可以是如下任一项：关联请求帧、关联响应帧、探测请求帧、探测响应帧等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。当然，第一帧中也可以包括用于指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路的信息，如仍以第三字段为例，则第一帧中可以包括第三字段，如可以参考下文实现方式五，这里先不一一详述。
以下详细说明本申请实施例所示的第一字段。
为便于描述，本申请实施例一般是以“字段”为例示出，未具体区分“字段”和“子字段”等。即使本申请实施例未对“字段”和“子字段”进行具体区分，但是，本领域技术人员可以适应性地区分本申请实施例所示的各个字段之间的关系。可理解，基于第一字段的功能，该第一字段还可以称为节能(powersave)字段，或基于NSTR的节能字段，或节能的非同时收发模式(powersaving NSRT mode)字段等，本申请实施例对于该第一字段的具体名称不作限定。虽然本申请实施例是以字段为例说明的，但是如果有需要，本领域技术人员也可以适应性地将字段修改为信息或其他形式。
下文所示的实现方式一至实现方式四中，第一字段可以占用1个比特。发送端通过一个比特指示NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，或者，通过一个比特指示NSTR链路对中的一条链路不用于传输数据，从而，不仅可以以最少的信令开销明确向接收端指示NSTR链路对中的一条链路上不会有数据进行传输，有效改善了链路间的干扰问题；而且如果NSTR链路对中的另一条链路进入节能模式或休眠状态时，还可以达到节能的目的。以上所示的NSTR链路对适用于发送端与接收端之间的所有NSTR链路对，即发送端与接收端之间的每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。
下文所示的实现方式五中，第一字段的长度可以与NSTR指示比特位图字段的长度相同。当第一字段的取值与NSTR指示比特位图字段的取值相同时，则表示发送端与接收端之间的每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。当第一字段的取值与NSTR比特位图字段的取值不同时，则表示发送端与接收端之间的某个或某些NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。
实现方式一、
第一字段包含于A-控制字段(A-controlfield)。一般的，HT控制字段(HT controlfield)可以有多种变形(variant)，如图3a所示，图3a中的第二行至第四行分别可以理解为HT控制字段的三种变形。其中，A-控制字段可以包括第一字段。示例性的，作为HT控制字段的一种变形，HT字段可以包括如下至少一项：HT控制中间(HT controlmiddle)、接入种类(accesscategory，AC)约束(AC constraint)、反向授权(reverse direction grant，RDG)/更多PPDU(more PPDU)。示例性的，作为HT控制字段的一种变形，VHT字段可以包括如下至少一项：VHT控制中间(VHT Controlmiddle)、AC约束、RDG/more PPDU。示例性的，作为HT控制字段的又一种变形，高效率(high efficiency，HE)字段可以包括A-控制字段。关于各个字段的长度可以参考图3a，本申请实施例对此不作限定。一般的，HT控制字段的前两个比特可以用于表示这个HT控制字段是哪一种变形，当前两个比特是11时，则表示这个HT控制字段的变形是HE字段，该HE字段可以包括A-控制字段，该A-控制字段可以用 于承载控制信息，即图3a所示的A-控制字段可以用于承载本申请实施例所示的第一字段，如图3b和图3c所示。
作为一个示例，图3b是本申请实施例提供的一种A-控制字段的结构示意图。如图3b所示，该A-控制字段包括第一字段，该第一字段可以占用1个比特。例如，第一字段的取值为1，则该第一字段可以表示每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据；或者第一字段用于表示每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路不用于传输数据；或者第一字段用于表示每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态等。如第一字段的取值为0，则该第一字段可以表示每个NSTR链路对都保持原有模式。这里所示的原有模式可以理解为接收端接收到该第一帧之前，NSTR链路对所工作的模式，如可以是激活模式(activemode)、节能模式(powersavemode)或保持其他功能如目标唤醒时间(targetwaketime，TWT)功能等，本申请实施例对于原有模式的说明不作限定。可理解，以上所示的取值与字段的含义之间的关系仅为示例，不应将其理解为对本申请实施例的限定。
作为另一个示例，图3c是本申请实施例提供的一种A-控制字段的结构示意图。如图3c所示，该A-控制字段可以包括第一字段。可选地，该图3c还可以包括如下至少一项：接收空间流数(number of spatial stream，NSS)扩展(Rx NSS entension)字段、信道带宽扩展(channelwidthextension)字段、发送空时流数(number of space-time stream，NSTS)扩展(Tx NSTS entension)字段、预留(reserved)字段、操作模式(operationmode，OM)控制(OM control)字段。其中，接收NSS扩展字段、信道带宽扩展字段、发送NSTS扩展字段和预留字段还可以称为EHT OM控制字段。
可理解，EHT OM控制字段相当于OM控制字段的增强，所以在携带EHT OM控制字段时必须同时携带OM控制字段，OM控制字段位于EHT OM控制字段后面。但是，携带OM控制子字段时不一定携带EHT OM控制字段。可理解，图3b和图3c所示的各个字段占用的长度仅为示例，如本领域技术人员可以适应性地将第一字段的长度扩展为一个字节或两个字节，从而通过该第一字段指示每一个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于数据传输，或者指示一条链路不用于传输，或者指示一条链路用于数据传输，另一条链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态等。因此，不应将图3b和图3c所示的第一字段占用的1个比特理解为对本申请实施例的限定。可理解，对于第一字段的长度的说明下文所示的实现方式二至实现方式四同样适用，下文不再一一赘述。
本申请实施例中，第一帧可以是数据帧，或管理帧，如数据帧可以包括服务质量(quality of service，QoS)数据帧或服务质量空(QoS null)帧，如管理帧可以包括信标(beacon)帧、关联响应帧(association response frame)、重关联响应帧(Reassociation response frame)、关联请求帧(association request frame)、探测响应帧(probe response frame)、探测请求帧(probe request frame)等。发送端可以通过广播或组播或单播的方式，将第一帧发送给与其关联的接收端。
实现方式一中，由于A-控制字段可以携带各种控制信息，且作为HT控制字段的一种HE变形，HE字段可以携带于不同类型的帧中。因此通过将第一字段包含于A-control字段可以灵活地将该A-control字段携带于不同类型的帧中。尤其是将其携带于数据帧时，可以同时携带A-control字段，实现同时发送数据和第一字段的目的，节省信令开销。
实现方式二、
第一字段包含于基础多链路元素(basicmulti-linkelement)中的多链路能力和操作(MLD capabilitiesandoperations)字段。
作为示例，基础多链路元素中可以包括如下至少一项：元素标识(element ID)字段、长度(length)字段、元素ID扩展(element ID extension)字段、多链路控制(multi-linkcontrol)字段、公共信息(commoninformation，commoninfo)字段、链路信息(linkinfo)字段。其中，公共信息字段可以包括如下至少一项：公共信息长度(commoninfolength)字段、多链路设备媒体接入控制(mediumaccesscontrol，MAC)地址(MLD MAC address)字段、链路ID信息(link ID info)字段、基本服务集(basicserviceset，BSS)参数更新计数(BSS parameterschangecount)字段、中间同步时延信息(mediumsynchronizationdelayinformation)字段、增强型多链路(enhanced multilink，EML)能力(EML capabilities)字段、MLD能力和操作(MLD capabilitiesandoperations)字段、MLD标识(MLD ID)字段。其中，第一字段可以包含于MLD能力和操作字段。一般的，MLD能力和操作字段可以用于携带MLD各种能力和操作模式的指示，因此将该第一字段包含于该MLD能力和操作字段，相当于该第一字段可以认为一种新的操作模式。当然，第一字段也可以包含于公共信息字段，与MLD能力和操作字段位于同一级别，或者，该第一字段包含于公共信息字段中的其他字段，如EML能力字段等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
示例性的，如图4所示，MLD能力和操作字段除了可以包括第一字段之外，还可以包括如下至少一项：同时链路最大数量(maximum number of simultaneous links)字段、单一响应调度(single response scheduling，SRS)支持(SRS support)字段、支持业务标识符链路映射协商(TID-to-link mapping negotiation supported)字段、STR/AP MLD频率分离类型指示(frequency separation for STR/AP MLD type indication)字段、支持AP协助请求(AP assisting request，AAR support)字段、预留(reserved)。可理解，对于图4所示的各个字段的说明可以参考相关标准或协议，本申请实施例不再一一详述。关于第一字段的取值与含义之间的关系可以参考上述实现方式一，这里不再一一详述。
本申请实施例中，第一帧可以是管理帧，该管理帧可以包括信标(beacon)帧、关联响应帧(association response frame)、重关联响应帧(Reassociation response frame)关联请求帧(association request frame)、探测响应帧(probe response frame)、探测请求帧(probe request frame)等。发送端可以通过广播或组播或单播的方式，将第一帧发送给与其关联的接收端。
实现方式二中，MLD能力和操作字段用于携带MLD各种能力和操作模式的指示，因此通过将第一字段包含于MLD能力和操作字段可以保持第一帧的帧结构内不同元素对应不同功能的一致性。
实现方式三、
第一字段包含于EHT操作元素中的EHT操作信息(EHT operationinformation)字段。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种EHT操作元素的结构示意图。如图5所示，该EHT操作元素包括如下至少一项：元素ID(element ID)字段、长度(length)字段、元素ID扩展(element ID extension)字段、EHT操作参数(EHT operationparameters)字段、基础EHT调制和编码方案(modulation and coding scheme，MCS)和NSS集字段、EHT操作信息(EHT operationinformation)字段。示例性的，第一字段可以包含于EHT操作信息字段中的控制字段中。如图5所示，该EHT操作信息字段包括控制字段、信道中心频率段(channel center frequency segment，CCFS)0字段、CCFS1字段、禁用子信道比特位图(disabled subchannel bitmap)字段。又例如，控制字段可以包括信道带宽(channelwidth)字段、第一字段。
可理解，对于图5所示的各个字段的说明可以参考相关标准或协议，本申请实施例不再一一详述。关于第一字段的取值与含义之间的关系可以参考上述实现方式一，这里不再一一 详述。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例所示的第一字段还可以包含于HE操作元素中或下一代操作元素中等。
本申请实施例中，第一帧可以是管理帧，该管理帧可以包括信标(beacon)帧、关联响应帧(association response frame)、重关联响应帧(Reassociation response frame)、关联请求帧(association request frame)、探测响应帧(probe response frame)、探测请求帧(probe request frame)等。发送端可以通过广播或组播或单播的方式，将第一帧发送给与其关联的接收端。
实现方式三中，EHT操作信息字段一般用于指示EHT设备的一些信道信息，因此通过将第一字段包含于EHT操作信息字段，相当于将第一字段所指示的内容认为是针对信道的一些操作，从而保持帧结构内不同元素对应不同功能的一致性。
实现方式四、
第一帧可以是一个新的行为(action)帧，该新的行为帧中可以携带A-控制字段、基础多链路元素、EHT操作元素中的任一项。该新的行为帧中的A-控制字段包括第一字段，或者，该新的行为帧中的基础多链路元素中包括第一字段，或者，该新的行为帧中的EHT操作元素中包括第一字段。关于A-控制字段的说明可以参考上文实现方式一，关于基础多链路元素的说明可以参考上文实现方式二，关于EHT操作元素的说明可以参考上文实现方式三，这里不再一一详述。该新的行为帧的类型可以为受保护的EHT行为帧(protected EHT action frame)或其它行为帧，如EHT action frame、HE action frame等。以下以第一帧为受保护的EHT行为帧来举例，如表1和表2所示。受保护的EHT行为帧中可以有很多不同作用的帧，如通过表1所示的值(value)区分不同作用。如表1所示，如果value是0，则表示这个帧是EHT压缩的波束成形帧或CQI帧；如果value是1，则表示这个帧是EML操作模式通知；如果value是2，则表示这个帧是第一字段通知。如果表1中的value是2，则表2对应的为该第一字段通知的具体结构，表示接收端可以按照第一字段通知的结构来解析受保护的EHT行为帧中的后续内容。
表1
表2

表1是受保护的EHT行为帧中的各个字段的取值示例，表2是第一字段通知字段中的各个字段以及取值。可理解，表1和表2所示的取值以及各个字段仅为示例，不应将其理解为对本申请实施例的限定。
实现方式四中，发送端可以通过广播或组播或单播的方式，将第一帧发送给与其关联的接收端。通过新的行为帧携带第一字段，发送端可以更灵活地确定何时NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态等，即发送端可以更灵活地决定发送第一帧的时间等。
上述实现方式一至实现方式四中，发送端通过第一字段向接收端指示所有的NSTR链路对中的一条链路均用于传输数据，另一条链路均不用于传输数据。从而，接收端每次在NSTR链路对上的一条链路进行接收时，另一条链路可以进入节能模式或休眠状态等，从而实现比较灵活的PPDU或TXOP级别或帧交换序列(frame exchange sequence)级别的节能；同时，发送端一次可以只在NSTR链路对的一条链路上发起传输，不需要执行结束时间对齐或开始时间对齐等操作，有效避免了由于执行时间对齐而带来的系统复杂度。
以下所示的实现方式五中，发送端可以向接收端指示某些NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。从而，可以更加灵活地针对不同NSTR链路对有不同的指示。
实现方式五、
一般的，发送端与接收端之间可能有多个NSTR链路对，因此，在实现方式五中，发送端可以选择某些NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据，而剩余的NSTR链路对可以保持原有模式。本申请实施例提供了如下几种方法：
方法A、
第一帧包括单个站点配置子元素(per-STA profileelement)，该单个站点配置子元素包括站点信息字段，该站点信息字段包括第一字段。一般的，站点信息字段用于承载链路的相关信息，因此通过将第一字段包含于站点信息字段可使得收发双方便于一个站点信息字段获取与链路相关的所有信息。当然，下文所示的第一字段和第二字段也可以均包含于站点控制字段，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
示例性的，第一字段可以包括第一比特位图，该第一比特位图的长度可以与NSTR指示比特位图的长度相同。由此，第一比特位图中的每个比特所对应的链路与NSTR指示比特位图中相应比特对应的链路相同。例如，第一比特位图中的第一个比特所对应的链路与NSTR指示比特位图中第一个比特对应的链路相同，第一比特位图中的第二个比特所对应的链路与NSTR指示比特位图中第二个比特对应的链路相同，这里不再一一列举。举例来说，第一字段的长度为8个比特，取值为10001100，如果链路标识以1开始，且单个站点配置子元素所指示链路为链路2，则表示链路1和链路2组成的NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据，链路2和链路5组成的NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据，链路2和链路6组成的NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。如果NSTR指示比特位图的取值为10101100，则结合NSTR指示比特位图和第一字段，表示链路2和链路3组成的NSTR链路对可以保留原有模式。当然，如果NSTR指示比特位图的取值与第一比特位图的取值相同，则表示发送端与接收端之间的所有NSTR链路对中的每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。可理解，以上所示的各个比特的取值与含义之间的关系仅为示例，不应 将其理解为对本申请实施例的限定。
示例性的，第一字段的长度可以为1个字节、2个字节等。该第一字段的长度与NSTR指示比特位图的长度相同，即第一字段的长度是固定的，从而实现简单，解析逻辑简单。
方法B、
第一帧包括单个站点配置子元素，该单个站点配置子元素包括站点信息字段和站点控制字段，该站点控制字段包括第二字段，第二字段用于指示站点信息字段中存在第一字段。关于单个站点配置子元素的结构可以参考图6，关于图6所示的除第一字段和第二字段之外的其他字段的说明可以参考相关标准或协议，本申请实施例不作详述。可理解，图6所示的基础多链路元素仅为示例，不应将其理解为对本申请实施例的限定。举例来说，第二字段的取值为1，则表示站点信息字段存在第一字段。如果第二字段所在位置的取值为0，则表示站点信息字段不存在第一字段。也就是说，站点控制字段可以包括用于指示是否存在第一字段的信息。通过该用于指示是否存在第一字段的信息，可使得接收端基于该信息确定是否需要在控制信息字段读取第一字段，如果通过该信息确定不存在第一字段，则接收端可以不读取第一字段，从而节省了资源开销；如果通过该信息确定存在第一字段，则接收端可以读取第一字段。
该方法中，第一字段的长度可以为0个字节、1个字节、2个字节等。当通过第二字段指示站点信息字段存在第一字段时，则该第一字段的长度可以与NSTR指示比特位图的长度相同。该方法中，第一字段的长度可以是变化的，如可以是0字节，也可以与NSTR指示比特位图的长度相同，从而可以节省第一帧的信令开销，或者，在存在第一字段时，可以有效改善链路间的干扰，还能够达到节能的目的。
方法C、
第一帧包括公共信息字段和链路信息字段，该公共信息字段可以包括第四字段，该链路信息字段包括单个站点配置子元素，该单个站点配置子元素包括第一字段；或者，该单个站点配置子元素包括第一字段和第二字段。
关于第四字段的位置可以参考图4中第一字段的位置，但是该第四字段用于指示发送端与接收端之间的链路对中是否存在至少一个NSTR链路对，该至少一个NSTR链路对中的每个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，或者，一条链路不用于传输数据。如果通过该第四字段指示不存在上述NSTR链路对，则第一帧中可以不包括第一字段和第二字段，不仅节省了信令开销，而且还可以使得接收端快速地获知是否需要读取第一字段和第二字段。如果通过第四字段指示存在上述NSTR链路对，则接收端可以基于方法A或方法B读取第一字段和第二字段。
可理解，以上所示的方法A至方法C还可以结合表1和表2，如表2中可以包括基础多链路元素，该基础多链路元素的说明可以参考方法A至方法C，但是表1中的第一字段通知可以理解为用于指示是否存在NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示是否存在NSTR链路对中的一条链路不用于传输数据，或者用于指示是否存在NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据(如用于节能模式或休眠状态等)。如果通过第一字段通知指示存在上述NSTR链路对，则接收端可以基于上述方法A至方法C读取基础多链路元素，该基础多链路元素中包括第一字段和第二字段；或者，该基础多链路元素可以包括第一字段。
202、发送端发送第一帧；对应的，接收端接收该第一帧。
203、接收端基于第一帧进行处理。
由于发送端可以包括AP MLD；接收端可以包括non-AP MLD；或者，发送端可以包括non-AP MLD，接收端可以包括AP MLD，因此，本申请将详细说明不同MLD的处理方式。
作为一种可能的实现方式，发送端包括AP MLD，接收端包括non-AP MLD。
对于发送端来说，由AP MLD主动发起第一帧，则表示告知non-AP MLD该AP MLD不会在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对关联的non-AP MLD发起传输；或者AP MLD告知关联的non-AP MLD不要在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对该AP MLD发起传输。也就是说，对于与该AP MLD关联的non-AP MLD的任意NSTR链路对来说，该AP MLD一次只会在链路对中的一条链路上向non-AP MLD发起传输。这里的“一次”可以指代一个PPDU的长度或一个传输机会(transmission opportunity，TXOP)的长度或一个帧交换序列的长度等，对于本申请实施例所示的第一字段的有效期的具体衡量方式，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
对于接收端来说，接收端可以执行如下至少一项操作：
第一、non-AP MLD可以基于第一帧确定不通过第二链路发送数据，即non-AP MLD可以基于第一帧不通过第二链路发送数据。示例性的，第二链路不用于发送数据可以包括：该第二链路处于节能模式、休眠状态、第一通信模式中的任一项。作为一个示例，non-AP MLD可以不通过第二链路发送数据，即可达到节能模式或休眠状态等。作为另一个示例，可以设置一个新的MAC信息库(MAC information base，MIB)参数，如新增11节能的非同时收发选择激活(dot11PowerSavingNSTROptionActivated)，当non-AP MLD接收到第一帧，并成功解析第一字段之后，可以将上述参数设置为真(true)，从而表示第二链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态或第一通信模式等。也就是说，这个MIB参数的作用是当non-AP MLD把它的值设置为true时，每次接收第一链路的PPDU时，non-AP MLD可以自动让第二链路上的STA进入休眠状态(或节能模式或第一通信模式)，对于TXOP级别的节能同样适用。
可理解，本申请实施例所示的第二链路指的是AP MLD与non-AP MLD之间的链路，上述第一通信模式可以理解为non-AP MLD不通过第二链路发送数据，或者，non-AP MLD不通过第二链路向AP MLD发送数据，或者，non-AP MLD不通过第二链路接收来自AP MLD的数据，但是该non-AP MLD可以通过其他链路接收来自其他设备的数据帧或管理帧，或者，该non-AP MLD可以通过其他链路向其他设备发送数据或控制信令。或者，上述第一通信模式可以理解为第二链路既不处于节能模式或休眠状态，也未通过第二链路传输数据，但是可以通过其他链路向其他设备传输信号。
第二、non-AP MLD可以基于第一帧使得第二链路进入节能模式、休眠状态、第一通信模式中的任一项。
第三、non-AP MLD可以基于第一帧向AP MLD发送确认帧。对应的，AP MLD可以接收该确认帧。该确认帧可以用于表示non-AP MLD已经获知AP MLD不会同时在NSTR链路对的两条链路上发起传输。
需要说明的是，对于AP MLD来说，其在一次传输的时间段内，该AP MLD不会同时在NSTR链路对的两条链路上发起传输；对于non-AP MLD而言，该non-AP MLD基于第一帧知道AP MLD不会在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时给它传输数据，因此在“一次传输”的这段时间内，non-AP MLD可以通过NSTR链路对中的一条链路传输数据，而另一条链路是否进入休眠状态、节能模式、第一通信模式等可以由non-AP MLD自己决定。示例性的，即使是non-AP MLD成功解析了第一字段，如该第一字段用于指示第二链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态等，但是，该non-AP MLD不一定完全按照第一字段的指示将第二链路进入节能模式或休眠状态，如该第二链路还可以进入第一通信模式。
上述“一次传输”的时长可以指AP MLD发送一个PPDU的长度，也可以指AP MLD获得的一个TXOP的长度，或者指一个帧交换序列的长度。如果一次传输指的是一个PPDU的长度，那么若AP MLD在non-AP MLD的一条链路上(如链路1或第一链路)给它发送一个PPDU，在该PPDU传输的时间段内，该AP MLD在另一条链路上(如链路2或第二链路)不会给该non-AP MLD发送任何数据。作为一个示例，如果AP MLD要求non-AP MLD在链路1上接收到PPDU之后回复该PPDU的确认帧，那么当链路1上的PPDU发送结束时，若AP MLD想要在链路2对non-AP MLD进行传输，则需要保证此次传输不会干扰non-AP MLD在链路1上发送回复，比如等待non-AP MLD成功发送确认帧后再在链路2上发起传输。也就是说，链路2的醒来时间可以位于non-AP MLD通过链路1成功发送确认帧之后。
如果AP MLD在链路1上发送的PPDU不要求non-AP MLD发送回复，那么当链路1上的PPDU发送结束时，AP MLD可以在链路2上正常竞争信道。也就是说，链路2的醒来时间可以位于non-AP MLD通过链路1成功接收到PPDU之后。类似的，如果non-AP MLD在接收链路1上AP MLD传输的PPDU时，选择在链路2上进入doze状态，则它需要在链路1上的PPDU接收结束时醒来，或者是在链路1上PPDU接收结束后且non-AP MLD回复了确认帧之后醒来。如果从TXOP的角度考虑，那么若AP MLD在non-AP MLD的一条链路上(链路1或第一链路)竞争到一个TXOP，在这段TXOP内，该AP MLD在另一条链路上(链路2或第二链路)不会给该non-AP MLD发送任何数据。类似的，如果non-AP MLD在链路1上和AP MLD进行通信时，选择在链路2上进入doze状态，则它需要在链路1上的TXOP结束时醒来。如果AP MLD提前结束了它在链路1的TXOP，比如发送了一个无竞争结束(contention free end，CF-End)帧，则non-AP MLD在链路2上也提前醒来。也就是说，如果第二链路处于节能模式或休眠状态，则该第二链路的醒来时间不能影响链路1上的数据传输，如第二链路的醒来时间可以位于接收端成功通过链路1发送确认帧之后，或者，第二链路的醒来时间可以位于链路1的TXOP的结束时间之后。当然，如果链路1的TXOP提前结束，则第二链路也可以提前醒来。
上述“一次传输”还可以指一个帧交换序列的长度。如果一次传输指的是一个帧交换序列的长度，那么若AP MLD在non-AP MLD的一条链路上(如链路1或第一链路)给它关联的STA(STA 1)发送信号(或发起帧交换序列)，直到该帧交换序列结束，该AP MLD在另一条链路上(如链路2或第二链路)不会给该non-AP MLD发送任何数据。也就是说，如果AP MLD在链路1上对non-AP MLD发起帧交换序列，non-AP MLD选择在链路2上进入doze状态，则它需要在链路1上的帧交换序列结束时醒来。
作为示例，上述帧交换序列结束可以理解为如下任一项或多项：
1.帧交换序列结束可以理解为：在AP MLD发起传输的链路(链路1)上的STA(如STA1)，在长度为一个短帧间距时间(aSIFSTime)+一个时隙(aSlotTime)+一个接收物理层开始时延(aRxPHYStartDelay)的超时间隔(timeout interval)内，没有收到任何物理层接收开始指示(PHY-RXSTART.indication)原函数(primitive)。该超时间隔的起始时间可以是STA 1给关联的AP(AP 1)回复完一个确认帧，针对它收到的来自AP 1发送的最近的一个帧；也可以是STA 1接收完AP 1发给它的最近一个且不需要即时响应的帧。可理解，本申请实施例所示的AP1和STA1可以理解为链路1上的AP和STA。
2.帧交换序列结束可以理解为：链路1上的STA 1，在长度为aSIFSTime+aSlotTime+aRxPHYStartDelay的超时间隔内，收到了PHY-RXSTART.indicationprimitive。该超时间隔的起始时间可以是STA 1给AP 1回复完一个确认帧或响应帧，针对它收到的来自AP 1发送的 最近的一个帧；也可以是STA 1接收完AP 1发给它的最近一个且不需要立即确认的帧。并且，在PHY-RXSTART.indication对应的PPDU内，STA 1没有检测到以下任何一个帧：
1)一个单播帧，接收地址等于STA 1的MAC地址；2)一个触发帧，其中一个用户信息字段(user info field)对应STA 1；3)一个清除发送(clear to send，CTS)给自身CTS-to-self帧，接收地址等于AP 1的MAC地址；4)一个多站点块确认(multi-STA blockack)帧，其中一个每个关联标识符(association identifier，AID)业务标识符(traffic identifier，TID)信息字段(info field)(Per AIDTIDinfo field)对应STA 1；5)一个空数据PPDU(null data PPDU，NDP)公告(announcement)帧，其中一个站点信息字段对应STA 1。
3.帧交换序列结束可以理解为：STA 1收到AP 1发送的最近一个需要立即确认的帧，并未在一个SIFS时间后回复。
可理解，以上关于帧交换序列的说明仅为示例，不应将其理解为对本申请实施例的限定。
由AP MLD主动发起第一帧，该AP MLD可以通过第一帧向non-AP MLD指示其不会同时在链路对上发起传输，从而不仅避免了执行时间对齐而带来的系统复杂度，而是还有效改善了链路间的干扰。
作为另一种可能的实现方式，发送端包括non-AP MLD，接收端包括AP MLD。
对于发送端来说，由non-AP MLD主动发起第一帧，该non-AP MLD可以选择所有的NSTR链路对中的一条链路均不用于传输数据(或用于进入节能模式或休眠状态等)，或者，选择某些NSTR链路对中的一条链路不用于传输数据(或用于进入节能模式或休眠状态)剩余的NSTR链路对保持原有模式。当由non-AP MLD主动发起第一帧时，第一字段还可以扩展为多种含义：1.告知关联的AP MLD不要在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对该non-AP MLD发起传输；2.告知AP MLD该non-AP MLD不会在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对关联的AP MLD发起传输；3.当AP MLD在NSTR链路对中的某一条链路上接收该non-AP MLD发送的PPDU时，AP MLD也不可以在另一条链路上对该non-AP MLD进行传输，因为该non-AP MLD在另一条链路上可能是节能模式或doze状态等。
本申请实施例中，当non-AP MLD中的某个NSTR链路对中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路进入节能模式或休眠状态时，该non-AP MLD关联的AP MLD不会在该某个NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对该non-AP MLD发起传输。也就是说，对于与该non-AP MLD的任意NSTR链路对，关联的AP MLD一次只允许在其中一条链路上给该non-AP MLD发起传输。这里的“一次”同样可以指代一个PPDU的长度或一个TXOP的长度或一个帧交换序列的长度。因此在“一次传输”的这段时间内，non-AP MLD在它未工作的另一条链路上可以进入节能模式或doze状态。
对于AP MLD的处理方式可以参考上述non-AP MLD作为接收端时的上述第一和第三操作方式，这里不再一一详述。需要说明的是，AP MLD可以发送拒绝帧，该拒绝帧表示AP MLD。示例性的，如果AP MLD已经成功实现了结束时间对齐，则它可以回复拒绝帧，由此避免由于在对齐时间和非时间对齐之间进行切换而带来的调度压力。该拒绝帧的内容可以参考上文所示的实现方式一至实现方式四，如第一字段的取值为1，则表示AP MLD确认第一帧；如果第一字段的取值为0，则表示AP MLD拒绝第一帧。或者，non-AP MLD不需要与AP MLD进行协商，只通知AP MLD，此时AP MLD只需要确认收到该通知，无法选择拒绝。
由non-AP MLD发起第一帧，该non-AP MLD可以通过第一帧向AP MLD指示其链路对中的一条链路可能要进入节能模式或休眠状态，从而可以达成节能的目的，而且还能够有效改善链路间的干扰。
本申请实施例中，发送端通过向接收端发送第一帧，通过该第一帧中的第一字段指示频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路中的一条链路用于传输数据，或该两条链路中的一条链路不用于传输数据，从而可使得接收端能够有效获知其不会同时在这两条链路上接收到来自发送端的数据，或者，该接收端不能够同时在这两条链路上向发送端发送数据，或者，该接收端不能够在这两条链路中的一条链路上向发送端发送数据的同时，在另一条链路上接收来自发送端的数据，有效避免了在其中一条链路上发送信号对另一条链路的信道接入和接收的影响。进而，有效改善了频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值的两条链路之间的干扰。
进一步的，如果不用于传输数据的那条链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态，则还可以达到节能的目的。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，发送端可以生成第一帧，以及发送端可以向接收端发送第一帧，该第一帧包括第一字段，该第一字段用于指示至少一条链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示至少一条链路不用于传输数据；或者，该第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，该第一链路和该第二链路为发送端与接收端之间的链路；或者，该第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示至少一条链路不用于传输数据。对应的，接收端可以接收该第一帧，并基于该第一帧进行处理。可理解，本申请实施例对于第一链路和第二链路之间的频率间隔不作限定。本申请实施例中第二链路不用于传输数据可以包括：第二链路处于节能模式、休眠状态或第一通信模式等。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一字段用于指示发送端与接收端之间的一条链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示发送端与接收端之间的其他链路不用于传输数据。即本申请实施例所示的第一字段的功能与上述图2所示的实施例中第一字段的功能有所区别，这里的第一字段指示的是一条链路用于传输，其他链路均不用于传输数据。从而，可以达到节能的目的。关于第一字段的说明可以参考上文，与上文的不同之外在于本申请实施例不限定第一链路和第二链路之间的关系，以及第一字段所指示的内容。
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第一字段用于指示第一链路与第二链路组成的链路关系中一条链路用于传输数据，或者，用于指示第一链路与第二链路组成的链路关系中一条链路不用于传输数据，或者，用于指示第一链路与第二链路组成的链路关系中一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。
这里所示的第一链路和第二链路组成的链路关系可以包括NSTR链路对的关系，也可以包括STR链路对的关系。
作为一个示例，如以图6为例，第一字段的长度等于NSTR指示比特位图的长度。以上述实现方式五中的方法A中的比特取值与含义之间的关系为例，则第一字段中第一比特位图中取值为1的比特数小于或等于NSTR指示比特位图中取值为1的比特数。但是，本申请实施例中，第一比特位图中取值为1的比特数也可能大于NSTR指示比特位图中取值为1的比特数。例如，NSTR指示比特位图的取值为10101100，第一比特位图的取值为10101101，则表示链路2与链路8组成的链路关系中的一条链路用于传输数据，另一条链路不用于传输数据。关于相关字段的解释可以参考上述方法A，这里不再一一详述。
作为另一个示例，如仍以图6为例，第一字段的长度可能会大于NSTR指示比特位图的长度。如发送端与接收端之间的链路条数为10条，一般来说，NSTR指示比特位图的长度为2个字节，但是如果组成NSTR链路对之间的链路标识均未超过8，则NSTR指示比特位图的长度可以为1个字节。如果第一比特位图中所指示的链路关系，如链路2和链路9组成的链 路关系中一条链路用于数据传输，另一条链路不用于数据传输，则表示第一比特位图的长度需要为2个字节。注意这里所示的链路2和链路9并不组成NSTR链路对。
本申请实施例中，发送端可以包括AP MLD，接收端可以包括non-AP MLD。由AP MLD主动通知non-AP MLD该AP MLD是否进入节能NSTR(power save NSTR)模式，关于第一字段或第一帧的说明可以参考上述实现方式一至实现方式五，或本申请实施例中的相关实现方式。对于AP MLD而言，当其进入power save NSTR模式后，它不会在任意两条链路上同时对该non-AP MLD发起传输。也就是说，该non-AP MLD每次在一条链路上进行接收时，可以同时在其它链路上进入doze状态，实现比较灵活的PPDU或TXOP级别或帧交换序列级别的节能。
本申请实施例中，发送端可以包括non-AP MLD，接收端可以包括AP MLD。由non-AP MLD请求或通知关联的AP MLD该non-AP MLD是否进入power save NSTR模式。对于non-AP MLD而言，当它进入power save NSTR模式后，它关联的AP MLD不会在两条链路上同时对该non-AP MLD发起传输。也就是说，对于与该non-AP MLD的任意两条链路，关联的AP MLD一次只允许在其中一条链路上给该non-AP MLD发起传输，因此，该non-AP MLD每次在一条链路上进行接收时，可以同时在其它链路上进入doze状态。在由non-AP MLD主动发起协商或通知时，第一字段可以扩展多种含义：1.关联的AP MLD不要在任意两条链路上同时对该non-AP MLD发起传输；2.告知AP MLD该non-AP MLD不会在任意两条链路上同时对关联的AP MLD发起传输；3.当AP MLD在某条链路上接收该non-AP MLD发送的PPDU时，它也不可以在其它链路上对该non-AP MLD进行传输，因为该non-AP MLD在其它链路上可能是doze状态。
关于发送端和接收端的具体说明可以参考图2，这里不再一一详述。
本申请实施例中，发送端通过第一帧向接收端指示每两条链路中的一条链路用于进入节能模式或休眠状态，可以达到节能的目的。
以下将介绍本申请实施例提供的通信装置。
本申请根据上述方法实施例对通信装置进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。下面将结合图7至图9详细描述本申请实施例的通信装置。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图，如图7所示，该通信装置包括处理单元701和收发单元702。
在本申请的一些实施例中，该通信装置可以是上文示出的发送端或芯片，该芯片可以设置于发送端中。即该通信装置可以用于执行上文方法实施例中由发送端执行的步骤或功能等。
处理单元701，用于生成第一帧；收发单元702，用于输出该第一帧。
可理解，本申请实施例示出的收发单元和处理单元的具体说明仅为示例，对于收发单元和处理单元的具体功能或执行的步骤等，可以参考上述方法实施例，这里不再详述。示例性的，处理单元701可以用于执行图2所示的步骤201。该收发单元702可以用于执行图2所示的步骤202中的发送步骤。
复用图7，在本申请的另一些实施例中，该通信装置可以是上文示出的接收端或芯片，该芯片可以设置于接收端中。即该通信装置可以用于执行上文方法实施例中由接收端执行的 步骤或功能等。
如收发单元702，用于输入第一帧；处理单元701，用于基于该第一帧进行处理。
例如，处理单元701，可以用于执行如下至少一项：确定不通过第二链路发送数据，或不通过第二链路发送数据，或不通过第二链路接收数据，或基于第一帧发送确认帧，或基于第一帧发送拒绝帧。
可理解，本申请实施例示出的收发单元和处理单元的具体说明仅为示例，对于收发单元和处理单元的具体功能或执行的步骤等，可以参考上述方法实施例，这里不再详述。示例性的，收发单元702还可以用于执行图2所示的步骤202中的接收步骤。该处理单元701还可以用于执行图2所示的步骤203。
上个各个实施例中，关于第一帧、第一字段、第二字段、第二帧、第三字段等说明还可以参考上文方法实施例中的介绍，这里不再一一详述。
可理解，以上所示的划分方式仅为示例，对于发送端(或设置于发送端的芯片)和接收端(或设置于接收端的芯片)的划分方式还可以如下所示：发送端可以包括生成单元和发送单元；接收端可以包括接收单元和处理单元，该处理单元可以包括第二链路处理子单元、确认帧处理子单元、拒绝帧处理子单元中的至少一项等，这里不再一一列举。
以上介绍了本申请实施例的第一通信装置和第二通信装置，以下介绍所述第一通信装置和第二通信装置可能的产品形态。应理解，但凡具备上述图7所述的第一通信装置的功能的任何形态的产品，或者，但凡具备上述图7所述的第二通信装置的功能的任何形态的产品，都落入本申请实施例的保护范围。还应理解，以下介绍仅为举例，不限制本申请实施例的第一通信装置和第二通信装置的产品形态仅限于此。
在一种可能的实现方式中，图7所示的通信装置中，处理单元701可以是一个或多个处理器，收发单元702可以是收发器，或者收发单元702还可以是发送单元和接收单元，发送单元可以是发送器，接收单元可以是接收器，该发送单元和接收单元集成于一个器件，例如收发器。本申请实施例中，处理器和收发器可以被耦合等，对于处理器和收发器的连接方式，本申请实施例不作限定。
如图8所示，该通信装置80包括一个或多个处理器820和收发器810。
示例性的，当该通信装置用于执行上述发送端执行的步骤或方法或功能时，处理器820，用于生成第一帧；收发器810，用于发送第一帧。
示例性的，当该通信装置用于执行上述接收端执行的步骤或方法或功能时，收发器810，用于接收来自发送端的第一帧；处理器820，用于基于第一帧进行处理。
本申请实施例中，关于第一帧、第一字段、第二字段、第二帧、第三字段等说明还可以参考上文方法实施例中的介绍，这里不再一一详述。
可理解，对于处理器和收发器的具体说明还可以参考图7所示的处理单元和收发单元的介绍，这里不再赘述。
在图8所示的通信装置的各个实现方式中，收发器可以包括接收机和发射机，该接收机用于执行接收的功能(或操作)，该发射机用于执行发射的功能(或操作)。以及收发器用于通过传输介质和其他设备/装置进行通信。
可选的，通信装置80还可以包括一个或多个存储器830，用于存储程序指令和/或数据等。存储器830和处理器820耦合。本申请实施例中的耦合是装置、单元或模块之间的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式，用于装置、单元或模块之间的信息交互。处理器820可能和存储器830协同操作。处理器820可可以执行存储器830中存储的程序指令。 可选的，上述一个或多个存储器中的至少一个可以包括于处理器中。
本申请实施例中不限定上述收发器810、处理器820以及存储器830之间的具体连接介质。本申请实施例在图8中以存储器830、处理器820以及收发器810之间通过总线840连接，总线在图8中以粗线表示，其它部件之间的连接方式，仅是进行示意性说明，并不引以为限。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图8中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
在本申请实施例中，处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器、专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等，可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成等。
本申请实施例中，存储器可包括但不限于硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)或固态硬盘(solid-state drive，SSD)等非易失性存储器，随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，RAM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable ROM，EPROM)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)或便携式只读存储器(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)等等。存储器是能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的程序代码，并能够由计算机(如本申请示出的通信装置等)读和/或写的任何存储介质，但不限于此。本申请实施例中的存储器还可以是电路或者其它任意能够实现存储功能的装置，用于存储程序指令和/或数据。
示例性的，处理器820主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，以及对整个通信装置进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。存储器830主要用于存储软件程序和数据。收发器810可以包括控制电路和天线，控制电路主要用于基带信号与射频信号的转换以及对射频信号的处理。天线主要用于收发电磁波形式的射频信号。输入输出装置，例如触摸屏、显示屏，键盘等主要用于接收用户输入的数据以及对用户输出数据。
当通信装置开机后，处理器820可以读取存储器830中的软件程序，解释并执行软件程序的指令，处理软件程序的数据。当需要通过无线发送数据时，处理器820对待发送的数据进行基带处理后，输出基带信号至射频电路，射频电路将基带信号进行射频处理后将射频信号通过天线以电磁波的形式向外发送。当有数据发送到通信装置时，射频电路通过天线接收到射频信号，将射频信号转换为基带信号，并将基带信号输出至处理器820，处理器820将基带信号转换为数据并对该数据进行处理。
在另一种实现中，所述的射频电路和天线可以独立于进行基带处理的处理器而设置，例如在分布式场景中，射频电路和天线可以与独立于通信装置，呈拉远式的布置。
可理解，本申请实施例示出的通信装置还可以具有比图8更多的元器件等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。以上所示的处理器和收发器所执行的方法仅为示例，对于该处理器和收发器具体所执行的步骤可参照上文介绍的方法。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，图7所示的通信装置中，处理单元701可以是一个或多个逻辑电路，收发单元702可以是输入输出接口，又或者称为通信接口，或者接口电路，或接口等等。或者收发单元702还可以是发送单元和接收单元，发送单元可以是输出接口，接收单元可以是输入接口，该发送单元和接收单元集成于一个单元，例如输入输出接口。如图9所示，图9所示的通信装置包括逻辑电路901和接口902。即上述处理单元701可以用逻辑电路901实现，收发单元702可以用接口902实现。其中，该逻辑电路901可以为芯片、处理电路、集成电路或片上系统(system on chip，SoC)芯片等，接口902可以为通信接口、输入输出接口、管脚等。 示例性的，图9是以上述通信装置为芯片为例出的，该芯片包括逻辑电路901和接口902。
本申请实施例中，逻辑电路和接口还可以相互耦合。对于逻辑电路和接口的具体连接方式，本申请实施例不作限定。
示例性的，当通信装置用于执行上述发送端执行的方法或功能或步骤时，逻辑电路901，用于生成第一帧；接口902，用于输出该第一帧。
示例性的，当通信装置用于执行上述接收端执行的方法或功能或步骤时，接口902，用于输入第一帧；逻辑电路901，用于基于第一帧进行处理。
可理解，本申请实施例示出的通信装置可以采用硬件的形式实现本申请实施例提供的方法，也可以采用软件的形式实现本申请实施例提供的方法等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
上个各个实施例中，关于第一帧、第一字段、第二字段、第二帧、第三字段等说明还可以参考上文方法实施例中的介绍，这里不再一一详述。
对于图9所示的各个实施例的具体实现方式，还可以参考上述各个实施例，这里不再详述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种无线通信系统，该无线通信系统包括发送端和接收端，该发送端和该接收端可以用于执行前述任一实施例(如图2)中的方法。
此外，本申请还提供一种计算机程序，该计算机程序用于实现本申请提供的方法中由发送端执行的操作和/或处理。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序，该计算机程序用于实现本申请提供的方法中由接收端执行的操作和/或处理。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机代码，当计算机代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行本申请提供的方法中由发送端执行的操作和/或处理。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机代码，当计算机代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行本申请提供的方法中由接收端执行的操作和/或处理。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机代码或计算机程序，当该计算机代码或计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得本申请提供的方法中由发送端执行的操作和/或处理被执行。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机代码或计算机程序，当该计算机代码或计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得本申请提供的方法中由接收端执行的操作和/或处理被执行。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本申请实施例提供的方案的技术效果。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个 单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个可读存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的可读存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory,RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种多链路通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    生成第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一字段，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为接入点多链路设备AP MLD与非接入点多链路设备non-AP MLD之间的链路；
    发送所述第一帧。
  2. 一种多链路通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    接收第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一字段，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输信号，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为接入点多链路设备AP MLD与非接入点多链路设备non-AP MLD之间的链路；
    基于所述第一帧进行处理。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述第一帧进行处理，包括：
    基于所述第一帧不通过所述第二链路发送数据。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二链路处于节能模式、休眠状态、第一通信模式中的任一项。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一字段用于指示所述第二链路不用于传输数据包括：所述第一字段用于指示所述第二链路进入节能模式；或者，用于指示所述第二链路进入休眠状态。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为不具备同时收发NSTR能力的链路对。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一字段包含于A-控制字段；或者，
    所述第一字段包含于基础多链路元素中的多链路设备MLD能力和操作字段；或者，
    所述第一字段包含于极高吞吐量EHT操作元素中的EHT操作信息字段。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一字段包含于站点信息字段中，所述第一字段包括第一比特位图，所述第一比特位图中的第一比特用于指示所述第一链路与所述第二链路中的一条链路用于传输数据，或者，用于指示所述一条链路不用于传输数据。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述站点信息字段包含于单个站点配置子元素中，且所述单个站点配置子元素还包括站点控制字段，所述站点控制字段包括第二字段，所述第二字段用于指示所述站点信息字段中存在所述第一字段。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述站点信息字段还包括NSTR指示比特位图，所述第一比特位图的长度等于所述NSTR指示比特位图的长度。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据包括：所述第一字段用于指示接收端不在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对发送端发起传输。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述第一帧进行处理，包括：
    基于所述第一帧发送响应帧。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一帧为受保护的EHT行为帧。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一链路与所述第二链路之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值。
  15. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    处理单元，用于生成第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一字段，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为接入点多链路设备AP MLD与非接入点多链路设备non-AP MLD之间的链路；
    收发单元，用于发送所述第一帧。
  16. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    收发单元，用于接收第一帧，所述第一帧包括第一字段，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输信号，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为接入点多链路设备AP MLD与非接入点多链路设备non-AP MLD之间的链路；
    处理单元，用于基于所述第一帧进行处理。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，具体用于基于所述第一帧不通过所述第二链路发送数据。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二链路处于节能模式、休眠状态、第一通信模式中的任一项。
  19. 根据权利要求15-18任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一字段用于指示所述第二链路不用于传输数据包括：所述第一字段用于指示所述第二链路进入节能模式；或者，用于指示所述第二链路进入休眠状态。
  20. 根据权利要求15-19任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一链路和所述第二链路为不具备同时收发NSTR能力的链路对。
  21. 根据权利要求15-20任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一字段包含于A-控制字段；或者，
    所述第一字段包含于基础多链路元素中的多链路设备MLD能力和操作字段；或者，
    所述第一字段包含于极高吞吐量EHT操作元素中的EHT操作信息字段。
  22. 根据权利要求15-21任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一字段包含于站点信息字段中，所述第一字段包括第一比特位图，所述第一比特位图中的第一比特用于指示所述第一链路与所述第二链路中的一条链路用于传输数据，或者，用于指示所述一条链路不用于传输数据。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述站点信息字段包含于单个站点配置元素中，且所述单个站点配置元素还包括站点控制字段，所述站点控制字段包括第二字段，所述第二字段用于指示所述站点信息字段中存在所述第一字段。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述站点信息字段还包括NSTR指示比特位图，所述第一比特位图的长度等于所述NSTR指示比特位图的长度。
  25. 根据权利要求15-24任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一字段用于指示第一链路用于传输数据，或者用于指示第二链路不用于传输数据包括：所述第一字段用于指示接收端不在NSTR链路对的两条链路上同时对发送端发起传输。
  26. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述基于所述第一帧进行处理，包括：
    基于所述第一帧发送响应帧。
  27. 根据权利要求15-26任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一帧为受保护的EHT行为帧。
  28. 根据权利要求15-27任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一链路与所述第二链路之间的频率间隔小于或等于第一阈值。
  29. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器和存储器；
    所述存储器用于存储指令；
    所述处理器用于执行所述指令，以使权利要求1至14任一项所述的方法被执行。
  30. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括逻辑电路和接口，所述逻辑电路和接口耦合；
    所述接口用于输入和/或输出代码指令，所述逻辑电路用于执行所述代码指令，以使权利要求1至14任一项所述的方法被执行。
  31. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序，当所述计算机程序被执行时，权利要求1至14任一项所述的方法被执行。
  32. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括发送端和接收端，所述发送端用于执行如权利要求1、5至11、13或14任一项所示的方法，所述接收端用于执行如权利要求2至14任一项所示的方法。
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